CN112740971A - Planting technology for preventing wind - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting technology of divaricate saposhnikovia roots, which is characterized by comprising the following technical steps: selecting land, preparing land and applying fertilizer, seeding period, seed reproduction, field management, growth period management, harvesting and processing, and reserving seeds. The selected divaricate saposhnikovia root propagation material has the characteristics of high yield and disease resistance as proved by test selection, and the planting technology has important economic and social benefits.

Description

Planting technology for preventing wind

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a precautionary planting technology.

Background

The medicinal material radix sileris is the dried root of the plant radix sileris (Saposhnikovia divaricata Schischchk.) of the family Umbelliferae, and is a variety recorded in Chinese pharmacopoeia (2015 edition). Ledebouriella root, radix Saposhnikoviae is pungent, sweet and slightly warm in flavor, enters bladder, liver and spleen channels, has the functions of dispelling wind and relieving exterior syndrome, eliminating dampness and relieving pain, and relieving spasm, and is mainly produced in northeast and eastern areas of inner Mongolia of China. The divaricate saposhnikovia root is one of the large medicinal materials commonly used in the market, and the artificial cultivation of the divaricate saposhnikovia root gradually takes the market leading position along with the increase of the demand of the divaricate saposhnikovia root and the continuous shortage of wild resources. Therefore, it is necessary to provide an artificial cultivation method for improving the quality and yield of ledebouriella seseloides.

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for planting divaricate saposhnikovia root in a standardized way.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a planting technology for divaricate saposhnikovia root, which comprises the following steps:

1. selecting land, preparing land and applying fertilizer

The windproof planting land is most suitable for sandy soil with high and dry terrain, sunny appearance, loose soil, fertile soil, deep soil layer and good drainage. The radix sileris is a deep root crop, the root length reaches 50-70 cm, and the deep ploughing of a planting radix sileris land block is more than 40 cm in autumn. The method is characterized in that sufficient fertilizer is applied to the planting windbreak land, 3000 kg of farmyard manure and 20 kg of calcium superphosphate are applied to each mu, the land is preferably applied to the ground surface before autumn cultivation, and then the soil layer is turned over.

2. Sowing time

The spring sowing can be carried out in spring and autumn, the temperature of the spring sowing is above 15 ℃ in early spring, and the sowing is preferably carried out in the middle of 4 months. The autumn sowing is carried out in 9-10 months.

3. Propagation method

(1) Seed propagation

Selecting strong roots without diseases and insect pests in autumn, harvesting mature seeds in 8-9 months next year, after-ripening for 5-7 days in shade, threshing, air drying and storing. Before sowing, the seeds are taken out when being soaked in warm water of 35 degrees for 24 times, and the seeds are placed in a room to be kept at a certain temperature and sown when the seeds begin to sprout. Ditching is carried out on the prepared plane according to the line spacing of 30cm, the depth of the ditches is 2cm, then seeds are evenly sowed into the ditches, and the soil is covered and leveled. Seedlings can emerge after the soil humidity is kept for about 20 days, and the seed consumption per mu is 1-2 kg.

4. Management of field

(1) Thinning the seedlings, wherein the height of the seedlings is 5cm, and thinning the seedlings according to the plant spacing of 7 cm; the height of the seedling is 10cm, and the seedling is fixed according to the plant spacing of 15 cm.

(2) Weeding is carried out for the first time by combining fixed seedling and weeding in time by combining the growth of weeds in summer and autumn.

(3) And when drought occurs after the final singling, watering and topdressing, and topdressing 8-10 kg of urea and 3-5 kg of potassium sulfate per mu.

(4) Draining and preventing waterlogging: flood and accumulated water generated in rainy season need to be drained in time, and the soil surface is kept to have good permeability so as to facilitate the growth of root systems.

5. Management of growing period

(1) And the green turning is carried out till the growth period, and the soil is usually intertillated and loosened, so that the growth environment of the root system is improved, and the development of the root system is promoted.

(2) Timely removing weeds

(3) In the period of 7-8 months, the fertilizer should be applied outside the root in time. The flower moss is timely removed, so that nutrient consumption and root development influence are avoided.

6. Harvesting and processing

The ledebouriella seseloides is harvested before blooming in the next year or in winter, and the root with length of 30cm and thickness over 1.6 cm may be dug, and the residual stem is eliminated after digging out and sun dried to nine degrees. The quality is excellent in dry body, without moth, mildew, fibrous root, light brown skin color of the cross section and light yellow xylem.

7. Seed reserving technology

Two-year-old plants which grow vigorously and have no plant diseases and insect pests are selected. The phosphate fertilizer is added to promote the flowering and the fructification of the plants. Cutting off stems and branches after the seeds are mature, rubbing off the seeds, airing and storing in a shade place, or selecting root strips with the length of more than 0.7 cm as seed roots during harvesting, cutting while collecting, or performing in-situ pseudovalue transplanting and field planting in the spring of the next year.

In the present invention, the pest control which is not mentioned is specifically described to be carried out by using the conventional planting method.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

(1) the method for planting divaricate saposhnikovia root provided by the invention is simple and feasible, and the selected land is smooth, thereby being beneficial to mechanized operation.

(2) The selected divaricate saposhnikovia root propagation material has the characteristics of high yield and disease resistance as proved by test selection, and the planting size is in the size range proved by the test.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for the purpose of illustration and not limitation, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

Comparative example 1

And (4) carrying out yield comparison tests on the same germplasm and different seed propagation methods. Seed selection criteria: the water content of the seeds is 6-9%, and the detection method is GB/T3543.6; the purity of the seeds is 90-92%, and the detection method is GB/T3543.3; the germination rate of the seeds is 40-50%, and the detection method is GB/T3543.4;

the same germplasm of divaricate saposhnikovia root as shown in table 1 is selected, and different seed propagation methods are used for planting in yield comparison tests:

(1) selection of planting land

Selecting the ground with sandy soil germplasm which has high and dry topography, sunny appearance, loose soil, fertile soil, deep soil layer and good drainage.

(2) Selection of germplasm

The planting raw material is selected from radix Saposhnikoviae with water content of 6-9% for 1 year or more, purity of seed of 90-92%, and germination rate of 40-50%.

(3) Soil preparation and fertilization

Deeply ploughing the land by 45cm before sowing, applying enough base fertilizer, deeply ploughing and finely fertilizing, wherein the base fertilizer is 3000 kilograms per mu of land by using farmyard manure.

(4) Treatment of seed

When sowing, firstly, shallow trenches with the depth of about 2cm are scribed on the ground according to the line spacing of 30cm, then seeds are uniformly scattered into the trenches, and the seeds are covered with soil for about 1cm, and then the seeds are properly watered when the soil moisture content is poor.

(5) Management of field

Combining intertillage weeding and thinning when the height of the seedlings is 7-10cm, and finally, fixing the seedlings according to the plant spacing of 7-15 cm. After the seedlings are set, fertilizer is applied for 1 time according to the growth condition of the plants.

(6) Harvesting

The radix sileris is harvested before the flowering of the cultivated species in the next year, the roots are dug in the direction of 30cm long and 1.6 cm thick, the residual stems are removed after digging, and the seeds are dried in the sun until the seeds are nine times dry.

TABLE 1 comparison of the yield and effective component content of radix Saposhnikoviae by different germplasm breeding method

The result shows that the germplasm type 3 selected by the invention has high yield and the highest total content of the linalooside and the 5-O-methylvisammioside, and is suitable for production and popularization.

Comparative example 2

The same germplasm of ledebouriella seseloides as shown in table 2 was selected and planted in a yield comparison test with different seed propagation methods:

(1) selection of planting land

Selecting the ground with sandy soil germplasm which has high and dry topography, sunny appearance, loose soil, fertile soil, deep soil layer and good drainage.

(2) Selection of germplasm

The planting raw material is selected from radix Saposhnikoviae with water content of 6-9% for 1 year or more, purity of seed of 90-92%, and germination rate of 40-50%.

(3) Soil preparation and fertilization

Deeply ploughing the land by 45cm before sowing, applying enough base fertilizer, deeply ploughing and finely fertilizing, wherein the base fertilizer is 3000 kilograms per mu of land by using farmyard manure.

(4) Treatment of seed

When sowing, firstly, shallow trenches with the depth of about 2cm are scribed on the ground according to the line spacing of 30cm, then seeds are uniformly scattered into the trenches, and the seeds are covered with soil for about 1cm, and then the seeds are properly watered when the soil moisture content is poor.

(5) Management of field

Combining intertillage weeding and thinning when the height of the seedlings is 7-10cm, and finally, fixing the seedlings according to the plant spacing of 7-15 cm. After the seedlings are set, fertilizer is applied for 1 time according to the growth condition of the plants.

(6) Harvesting

The radix sileris is harvested before the flowering of the cultivated species in the next year, the roots are dug in the direction of 30cm long and 1.6 cm thick, the residual stems are removed after digging, and the seeds are dried in the sun until the seeds are nine times dry.

TABLE 2 comparison of the yield and effective component content of radix Saposhnikoviae by different germplasm breeding method

The result shows that the number 4 germplasm is selected, the soaking time is 20 hours during breeding, and the total content of the obtained linalooside and the 5-O-methylvisammioside is high.

This shows that the method for planting divaricate saposhnikovia root by using the method of the invention has the advantages of excellent quality, high yield and higher total content of the linalooside and the 5-O-methylvisammioside, so that the method is more suitable for large-scale planting of the divaricate saposhnikovia root on flat ground.

Example 1

The planting raw material is divaricate saposhnikovia root which is 1 year old or older and has the water content of 6.5 percent, the purity of the seeds of 91 percent and the germination rate of 45 percent.

Active seeds with the germination rate of more than 60 percent, the purity of more than 85 percent and the water content of less than 9 percent of the bupleurum seeds are selected as planting raw materials. The soil of sandy soil germplasm with high and dry topography, sunny appearance, loose soil, fertile soil, deep soil layer and good drainage is selected for planting. In the middle and last ten days of beginning spring in 3 months, deeply ploughing the land by 20-30cm before sowing, applying enough base fertilizer which mainly comprises farmyard manure, and then deeply ploughing and finely fertilizing and leveling. Deeply ploughing the land by 45cm before sowing, applying enough base fertilizer, deeply ploughing and finely fertilizing, wherein the base fertilizer is 3000 kilograms per mu of land by using farmyard manure. When sowing, firstly, shallow trenches with the depth of about 2cm are scribed on the ground according to the line spacing of 30cm, then seeds are uniformly scattered into the trenches, and the seeds are covered with soil for about 1cm, and then the seeds are properly watered when the soil moisture content is poor.

Combining intertillage weeding and thinning when the height of the seedlings is 7-10cm, and finally, fixing the seedlings according to the plant spacing of 7-15 cm. After the seedlings are set, fertilizer is applied for 1 time according to the growth condition of the plants.

The radix sileris is harvested before blooming of the cultivated species in the second year, the radix sileris can be picked and dug by the root with the length of 30cm and the thickness of more than 1.6 cm, the residual stem is removed after the radix sileris is dug out, and the radix sileris is dried till the radix sileris becomes dry for later use. The detection shows that the total amount of the obtained effective components of the divaricate saposhnikovia root, namely the cimicin and the 5-O-methylvisammioside is 0.37 percent.

Claims (1)

1. A planting technology of divaricate saposhnikovia roots comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting land, preparing land and applying fertilizer

The windproof planting land is most suitable for sandy soil which is high and dry in terrain, exposed to the sun, loose in soil, fertile, deep in soil layer and good in drainage; the radix sileris is a deep root crop, the root length reaches 50-70 cm, and the deep ploughing of a planting radix sileris land block is more than 40 cm in autumn. Sufficient fertilizer must be applied to the planting windbreak land, 3000 kilograms of farmyard manure and 20 kilograms of calcium superphosphate should be applied to each mu, the land surface is preferably applied before autumn ploughing, and then the plough layer is turned over;

(2) sowing time

The spring sowing and the autumn sowing can be carried out, the temperature of the spring sowing is more than 15 ℃ in early spring, the sowing is generally in the middle ten days of 4 months, preferably drill sowing, and the autumn sowing is carried out in 9-10 months;

(3) seed propagation

Selecting strong roots without diseases and insect pests in autumn, harvesting mature seeds in 8-9 months next year, after-ripening for 5-7 days in shade, threshing, air drying and storing; before sowing, the seeds are fished out when being soaked in warm water with the temperature of 35 degrees for 24 times, the seeds are placed in a room to be kept at a certain temperature, and sowing is carried out when the seeds begin to sprout; ditching at the row spacing of 30cm on the prepared plane, wherein the depth of the ditches is 2cm, then uniformly sowing seeds into the ditches, covering soil and leveling, and keeping the soil humidity for about 20 days to ensure that seedlings can emerge, and the using amount of the seeds per mu is 1-2 kg;

(4) management of field

Thinning seedlings with the height of 5cm and the distance of 7 cm; the height of the seedling is 10cm, and the seedling is fixed according to the plant spacing of 15 cm;

secondly, weeding for the first time by combining the final singling and timely weeding by combining the growth of weeds in summer and autumn;

thirdly, watering and topdressing when drought occurs after seedling establishment, and topdressing 8-10 kg of urea and 3-5 kg of potassium sulfate per mu;

draining and preventing waterlogging: flood and accumulated water generated in rainy season need to be drained in time, so that the soil surface has good permeability, and root growth is facilitated;

(5) management of growing period

Firstly, the green turning is carried out till the growth period, the cultivation and the loosening are frequently carried out, the growth environment of the root system is improved, and the development of the root system is promoted;

timely removing weeds;

③ 7 to 8 months, in the vigorous growth period, the fertilizer is applied outside the root in time; the flower moss is timely removed, so that the flower moss is prevented from consuming nutrients and influencing the development of roots;

(6) harvesting and processing

The divaricate saposhnikovia root is generally harvested before blooming in the second year of the cultivated species or in winter, the divaricate saposhnikovia root can be harvested in the root with the length of 30cm and the thickness of more than 1.6 cm, the divaricate saposhnikovia root is dug out, the residual stem is removed, and the divaricate saposhnikovia root is dried to nine turns dry, the quality is dry, without moth and mildew, without fibrous root, the skin color of the cross section is light brown, and the xylem;

(7) seed reserving technology

Selecting two-year-old plants which grow vigorously and have no plant diseases and insect pests, and applying phosphate fertilizer to promote blooming and fruit setting; cutting off stems and branches after the seeds are mature, rubbing off the seeds, airing and storing in a shade place, or selecting root strips with the length of more than 0.7 cm as seed roots during harvesting, cutting while collecting, or performing in-situ pseudovalue transplanting and field planting in the spring of the next year.

In the present invention, the pest control which is not mentioned is specifically described to be carried out by using the conventional planting method.