CN113548926A

CN113548926A - Carya illinoensis fruit thinning nutrient solution preparation and fruit thinning method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN113548926A
Application number: CN202110974338.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张计育; 张凡; 王刚; 王涛; 贾展慧; 刘永芝
Original assignee: Institute of Botany of CAS
Current assignee: Institute of Botany of CAS
Priority date: 2021-08-24
Filing date: 2021-08-24
Publication date: 2021-10-26

Abstract

The invention discloses a carya illinoensis fruit thinning nutrient solution preparation and a fruit thinning method thereof, wherein the formula of the carya illinoensis fruit thinning nutrient solution preparation comprises 0.0225-0.09 g/L6-benzylaminopurine, 2.0-3.0 g/L zinc sulfate or 2.5-3.5 zinc nitrate, 1.5-2.5 mg/L urea or 1.5-2.5 mg/L ammonium nitrate and the balance of water, a good variety with the growth period of more than 8 years is selected, and the carya illinoensis fruit thinning nutrient solution is uniformly sprayed on a tree body by a high-pressure water gun 1 month after blossom so that overground organs such as trunks, branches, leaves and fruits are all wet. The method improves the early fruit drop rate of young fruits, reduces the fruit drop caused by insufficient nutrition in the later period, ensures sufficient nutrition supply for fruit development, improves the quality of nuts, can increase tree nutrition by using a zinc preparation and a nitrogen fertilizer, ensures the nutrition required by the later development of the fruits, simultaneously ensures the flower bud differentiation (next year fruit) in the same year, reduces the phenomenon of big and small years, achieves the aim of balanced production of high-quality nuts, is simple, requires less labor, is high in speed and efficiency, and solves the problem of unrealistic manual fruit thinning (tall and big tree body).

Description

Carya illinoensis fruit thinning nutrient solution preparation and fruit thinning method thereof

Technical Field

The invention discloses a carya illinoensis fruit thinning nutrient solution preparation and a fruit thinning method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of economic forest fruit cultivation.

Background

The Carya illinoensis [ Carya illinoensis (Wangech.) K. Koch ] is native to North America and is an ecological economic tree species integrating high-quality nuts, woody oil, landscaping and precious wood. In recent 20 years, the scientific research of the apocarya has made a great breakthrough, and the introduction and screening of excellent varieties are completed. The applicant of the patent aims at the bottleneck problems of difficult survival of grafted seedlings, extremely low seedling transplanting survival rate and the like in the industrialized development of the carya illinoensis which restrict the industrial development, combines with key technologies of root-rich container cultivation of the carya illinoensis, obtains a series of innovative scientific and technological achievements, and discloses a method for accelerating germination of carya illinoensis seeds in late winter and early spring (CN 102823357), a method for promoting lateral roots of seedlings of current-year carya illinoensis (CN 102823358), a method for grafting skin of carya illinoensis (CN 103039277), a method for cultivating seedlings of carya illinoensis (CN 103039254), a method for grafting high-grafting and head-changing of carya illinoensis (CN 103202182), a method for promoting adventitious roots of branches of carya illinoensis (CN 103238492), a method for cutting hard branches of carya illinoensis (CN 103299812), a method for breeding excellent variety of carya illinoensis (CN 103988715) and a method for seedling cultivation of carya illinoensis (CN 103988697), the efficient breeding technology of the excellent variety of the carya illinoensis is integrated, the large-scale, standardized and intensive development of seedlings is realized, the seedling supply is ensured, the carya illinoensis is promoted to be rapidly popularized in more than 10 provinces including Jiangsu, Anhui, Yunnan and the like, and particularly, the carya illinoensis industry is developed into a leading industry with local characteristics in Jiangsu Sihong county and Anhui Quanjiao county.

With the development of the carya illinoensis industry, on the basis of excellent variety breeding and mature seedling breeding research, how to realize high and stable yield of carya illinoensis becomes a main direction which needs to be faced and researched currently and in future for a period of time. The apocarya has obvious effect in large and small years, and all apocarya cultivation varieties have large and small years. The high-yielding year is called "big year", and the low-yielding or non-yielding year is called "small year". When the annual yield is too high, the quality of the kernels is poor. The fruiting phenomenon of the high-yield cultivated variety in the big year and the small year is more serious than that of the low-yield cultivated variety. The phenomenon of the big and small years of most cultivated varieties is not obvious in the young period, the phenomenon of the big and small years gradually appears along with the increase of the tree age, and the phenomenon that female flowers do not develop or even male flowers do not appear in the small years in severe cases. The year-round phenomenon is related to the level of carbohydrates stored in the roots late in the growing season. In the later stages of the "year", the storage of carbohydrates in the roots is lower than in the later stages of the "year". The stored carbohydrates are used for the growth of the shoot in the next spring and ultimately for the formation of the female flowers. If the shoot vigour is not strong (due to insufficient storage of carbohydrates), the formation of female flowers and the inoculation of fruits is inhibited, resulting in "young" years. If the stored carbohydrate content is high, the growth potential of the stem and branch is strong, and the inflorescence of the female flower grows vigorously, the 'big year' is formed. Therefore, how to dredge excessive fruits of the carya illinoensis in the year, reasonable load is achieved, the quality of the nuts in the same year is guaranteed, the flower bud differentiation in the next year is met, the phenomenon of big and small years is reduced, and the balanced production of high-quality nuts is achieved, which is a main problem to be solved urgently.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims at the scientific problems to be solved urgently in the carya illinoensis industry, and aims to provide a carya illinoensis fruit thinning nutrient solution preparation and a new fruit thinning method thereof.

The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:

the invention aims to provide a pecan thinning nutrient solution preparation which mainly comprises 6-benzylaminopurine, a zinc preparation, a nitrogen fertilizer and water.

The zinc preparation is zinc sulfate or zinc nitrate.

The nitrogen fertilizer is urea or ammonium nitrate.

The formula of the fruit thinning nutrient solution preparation is 0.0225-0.09 g/L6-benzylaminopurine, 2.0-3.0 g/L zinc sulfate or 2.5-3.5 zinc nitrate, 1.5-2.5 mg/L urea or 1.5-2.5 mg/L ammonium nitrate, and the balance of water.

When the fruit thinning nutrient solution is prepared, the weight of each component is calculated according to the volume of the required nutrient solution, the 6-benzylaminopurine is accurately weighed, firstly, the minimum amount of 1% sodium hydroxide is used for dissolving, then, the dissolved components are diluted into water, and the other components are accurately weighed and then are sequentially dissolved.

The second purpose of the invention is to provide a liquid thinning method based on the pecan thinning nutrient solution, which comprises the following steps,

selecting a good variety 'Boni' of the carya illinoensis tree growing for more than 8 years, and selecting a good variety 'Boni' in the morning of sunny weather for 1 month after blooming: 00-11: 00, 3 pm: 00-5: 00, uniformly spraying a carya illinoensis fruit thinning nutrient solution (shown in figure 1) to a tree body by using a high-pressure water gun, so that overground organs such as trunks, branches, leaves and fruits are completely wet, and the nutrient solution flows downwards on the trunks, the branches, the leaves and the fruits.

Has the advantages that:

1. the fruit thinning nutrient solution used in the patent comprises the components of 6-benzylaminopurine, zinc sulfate or zinc nitrate, urea or ammonium nitrate, is low in cost, easy to obtain, simple in preparation, easy to master by fruit growers, and suitable for application in production;

2. the early fruit drop rate of the pecan young fruits can be effectively increased, the fruit drop caused by insufficient nutrition in the later stage is reduced, the young fruits are enabled to fall in advance, the tree nutrition consumption and waste caused by fruit development are effectively reduced, the sufficient nutrition supply for the development of the residual fruits is guaranteed, the nut quality is improved, the fruit thinning and fruit thinning nutrient solution is added with the zinc preparation, the synthetic speed of the tree photosynthesis can be increased, the zinc preparation and the nitrogen added in the fruit thinning nutrient solution are sprayed on the leaf surfaces, the tree absorption can be rapidly promoted, the tree nutrition is increased, and the later-stage fruit development is guaranteed;

3. the method is used when the carya illinoensis is used in 'the year' and can reduce the load of fruits in the year by early thinning the fruits, so that carbohydrates in a tree body are reasonably distributed, and besides part of the carbohydrates is used for fruit development in the year, the rest carbohydrates can ensure flower bud differentiation in the same year (fruiting in the next year), reduce the phenomenon of big and small years and achieve the purpose of balanced production of high-quality nuts;

4. the method for spraying the fruit thinning nutrient solution promotes early shedding of young fruits, is simple, requires less labor, is high in speed and efficiency, and solves the problem that manual fruit thinning is unrealistic (the tree body is tall and big).

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a view of spraying a fruit thinning nutrient solution by a thin-shell hickory nut high-pressure water gun.

Detailed Description

Example 1

Preparing a carya illinoensis fruit thinning nutrient solution:

40g of sodium hydroxide was accurately weighed and dissolved in 1L of water to prepare a 1 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution. Accurately weighing 4.5g of 6-benzylaminopurine, placing the weighed materials into a glass container, gradually adding a small amount of the prepared sodium hydroxide solution, and continuously stirring, so as to dissolve 6-benzylaminopurine by using the least sodium hydroxide solution, pouring the 6-benzylaminopurine liquid into 100L of water after dissolution, accurately weighing 250g of zinc sulfate, pouring the zinc sulfate into the 100L of water, fully stirring and dissolving, then accurately weighing 200g of urea, dissolving into the 100L of water, and completing the preparation of the fruit thinning nutrient solution, wherein the nutrient solution is ready for use.

The research is carried out in 2018 and 2019 in the plant research institute of Chinese academy of sciences of Jiangsu province, the tree age is 8 years, and the variety is 'Boni'. And (3) in 2018, 6 and 3 days (30 days after the apocarya blossoms are filled), hanging 50 clusters on each tree, counting the number of fruits, and then carrying out fruit thinning nutrient solution treatment. The processing method comprises the following steps: select morning on sunny weather 9: 00-11: 00, 3 pm: 00-5: 00, uniformly spraying a carya illinoensis fruit thinning nutrient solution (shown in figure 1) against a tree body by using a high-pressure water gun, so that overground organs such as trunks, branches, leaves and fruits are completely wet, the nutrient solution flows downwards on the trunks, the branches, the leaves and the fruits, and clear water is sprayed as a contrast. Subsequently, the number of fruit bearing per cluster was counted on 10 days at 6 months (after 1 week of treatment) and 17 days at 6 months (after 2 weeks of treatment), and the fruit drop rate was calculated, the fruit drop rate = number of fruit bearing/fruit bearing × 100%, the cumulative fruit drop rate = fruit drop rate (%) after 1 week of treatment + fruit drop rate (%) after 2 weeks of treatment. When the fruit is ripe, the yield per plant is measured, and 100 nuts are randomly selected to measure the weight of the single fruit. 2019 and performing yield measurement and weight percentage analysis on the same tree body. The experimental results are shown in table 1, compared with the clear water control, the fruit drop rate of the pecan in the 1 st week after the treatment by spraying the fruit thinning nutrient solution is increased by 41.94%, the fruit drop rate of the pecan in the 2 nd week after the treatment is increased by 69.26%, and the cumulative fruit drop rate of the pecan in the two weeks is increased by 55.29%, so that the early young fruit drop rate of the pecan can be obviously improved by spraying the fruit thinning nutrient solution. In 2018, the yield of a single plant treated by spraying the thinning fruit nutrient solution is obviously lower than that of clear water, and the weight of a hundred grains is slightly higher than that of the clear water, but in 2019, the yield of a tree which is not sprayed with the thinning fruit nutrient solution is obviously lower than that of the tree which is not sprayed with the thinning fruit nutrient solution in 2018, and the yield of the tree which is sprayed with the thinning fruit nutrient solution is not obviously changed for two years, so that the aim of effectively thinning fruits can be fulfilled by spraying the thinning fruit nutrient solution, the phenomenon of big and small years can be reduced, and the method has an important effect on stably producing the carya illinoensis nuts.

TABLE 1 influence of fruit thinning nutrient solution spraying on the fruit drop rate, yield and hundred-grain weight of carya illinoensis

Claims

1. The pecan thinning nutrient solution preparation is characterized by mainly comprising 6-benzylaminopurine, a zinc preparation, a nitrogen fertilizer and water.

2. The thinning nutrient solution formulation of claim 1 wherein the zinc formulation is zinc sulfate or zinc nitrate.

3. The thinning nutrient solution formulation of claim 1 wherein said nitrogen fertilizer is urea or ammonium nitrate.

4. The thinning nutrient solution preparation according to claim 1, wherein the formula of the thinning nutrient solution preparation is 0.0225-0.09 g/L6-benzylaminopurine, 2.0-3.0 g/L zinc sulfate or 2.5-3.5 zinc nitrate, 1.5-2.5 mg/L urea or 1.5-2.5 mg/L ammonium nitrate, and the balance is water.

5. The thinning fruit nutrient solution preparation according to claim 1, wherein the thinning fruit nutrient solution is prepared by accurately weighing 6-benzylaminopurine according to the weight of each component calculated according to the volume of the required nutrient solution, dissolving the 6-benzylaminopurine with a minimum amount of 1% sodium hydroxide, then diluting the dissolved 6-benzylaminopurine into water, and sequentially dissolving other components after accurately weighing.

6. Liquid thinning method based on pecan thinning nutrient solution according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it is as follows: selecting a good variety of the carya illinoensis tree growing for more than 8 years, and selecting the good variety in the morning of clear weather 9: 00-11: 00, 3 pm: 00-5: 00, uniformly spraying a carya illinoensis fruit thinning nutrient solution to a tree body by using a high-pressure water gun, so that overground organs such as trunks, branches, leaves and fruits are completely wet, and the nutrient solution flows downwards on the trunks, the branches, the leaves and the fruits.