CN113498855A - 一种大闸蟹调味汁的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种大闸蟹调味汁的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:(1)原料预处理,(2)酶解,(3)离心,(4)浓缩,(5)调配和(6)装瓶灭菌。本发明方法以大闸蟹下脚料为原料,采用复合酶水解法,酶解效率高,制备的调味汁蟹香浓郁,风味独特,对环境友好,实现大闸蟹的高值综合利用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水产生物加工技术领域,尤其是涉及一种大闸蟹调味汁的制备方法。
背景技术
中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis),又称河蟹、大闸蟹或螃蟹,肉味鲜美,含有多种维生素、蟹红素、蟹黄素等,经济价值较高,是我国特色的淡水名优品种和出口创汇水产品,是久负盛名的中华美食。江苏省是我国的河蟹生产大省,河蟹产量连续多年都占全国河蟹总产量的一半以上,河蟹产业已经成为江苏渔民收入和创汇的重要来源。河蟹加工产业发展较为缓慢,河蟹大都活体销售,食用方法限于蒸煮,而且销售主要集中沿海地区及大中城市为主,销售区域性明显,食蟹人群狭窄。河蟹养殖中,通常会出现性早熟的一龄河蟹以及小规格的二龄河蟹,如果作为鲜活水产品销售,价格极低。目前,小规格河蟹大多加工成香辣蟹、蟹黄油等休闲小食,在加工过程中会产生大量的蟹腿、蟹壳等下脚料。由于下脚料尚未得到充分的利用,其中仍含有大量蛋白质、有机钙、甲壳素等多种营养成份和活性物质,加之很容易腐烂,如果不加以利用,可能会引起一些环境、健康和经济问题。从水产品中提取蛋白质是深加工的重要方面,蛋白水解产物可被广泛应用于食品添加剂、保健品、方便食品、调味品加工等领域。蟹脚、蟹壳中的蛋白质含量丰富,约为30~40%,并含有众多对人体有益的营养素及铁、锌、铜等微量元素,利用生物酶解技术,将蛋白质酶解为小分子活性肽及氨基酸,可制备风味良好、营养丰富的水产调味料产品。目前,市场上未见大闸蟹调味汁产品,对大闸蟹下脚料的废弃物综合利用,可变废为宝,增加产品附加值,弥补市场空缺。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述问题,本发明提供了一种大闸蟹调味汁的制备方法。本发明方法以大闸蟹下脚料为原料,采用复合酶水解法,酶解效率高,制备的调味汁蟹香浓郁,风味独特,对环境友好,实现大闸蟹的高值综合利用。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种大闸蟹调味汁的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)原料预处理:将冷冻的大闸蟹下脚料室温解冻,经干燥和粉碎后,过筛,得到大闸蟹下脚料粉末;
(2)酶解:将步骤(1)所得大闸蟹下脚料粉末与水按比例混合,经均质后加入中性蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶进行酶解,酶解完成后将酶解液高温灭酶;
(3)离心:将步骤(2)所得酶解液离心,取其上清液,得到酶解清液;
(4)浓缩:将步骤(3)所得酶解清液浓缩,得到浓缩酶解液;
(5)调配:将步骤(4)所得浓缩酶解液与水按比例混合后,添加10~12%食盐,7.5~8.5%白砂糖、0.8~1.2%变性淀粉、7~9%麦芽糊精、0.15~0.25%黄原胶、0.6~0.8%焦糖色、2~4%味精、0.2~0.4%姜粉,边加边搅拌,得到调味汁;
(6)装瓶灭菌:将步骤(5)所得调味汁装瓶封盖后高温灭菌,即得成品。
步骤(1)中,所述干燥的温度为70~75℃,时间为4.5~5.5h;粉碎后过筛用筛网为80目筛网。
步骤(2)中,大闸蟹下脚料粉末与水的质量比为1:20~30。
步骤(2)中,所述中性蛋白酶的酶活力为50000u/g,添加量为0.12~0.23%;风味蛋白酶的酶活力为30000u/g,添加量为0.07~0.10%。
步骤(2)中,酶解的条件为:pH6.5~7.5、45~55℃条件下反应3.5~5.0h;灭酶的温度为95~109℃,时间为8~10min。
步骤(3)中,离心的转速为3000~4500r/min,时间为8~12min。
步骤(4)中,浓缩是将酶解清液经旋转蒸发仪浓缩至原体积的1/4。
步骤(5)中,浓缩酶解液与水的质量比1:1.4~1.7。
步骤(5)中,调配过程在55~65℃水浴中进行。
步骤(6)中,杀菌条件为80~95℃水浴加热20~30min。
本发明有益的技术效果在于:
本发明利用性早熟大闸蟹在加工过程中产生的下脚料制备调味汁,制备的调味汁具有天然的蟹香味。以大闸蟹下脚料为生产原料,不但可以节约资源,还可以提高副产物的经济价值和产品的经济效益,实现生产过程中的变废为宝,达到其营养成分回收的目的,资源得到高值综合利用。
本发明采用酶解效率较高的复合酶水解法水解下脚料中的蛋白质,中性蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶进行复合,不但能够提高水解度,而且能够很好改善水解液的风味,水解液中富含氨基酸,营养丰富,味道鲜美。
本发明制备的调味汁具有较好的鲜味,蟹味浓郁,无苦涩味,无腥味,食用安全可靠,可广泛应用于各类食材的烹饪,以及作为佐餐调料对食物进行增味提鲜。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例,对本发明进行具体描述。
实施例1
一种大闸蟹调味汁的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)原料预处理:将冷冻的大闸蟹下脚料室温解冻,73℃下干燥5h,粉碎后过筛用筛网为80目筛网,得到大闸蟹下脚料粉末;
(2)酶解:将步骤(1)所得大闸蟹下脚料粉末与水按1:22混合,经均质后加入0.20%中性蛋白酶(酶活力为50000u/g)和0.08%风味蛋白酶(酶活力为30000u/g),pH7.0、47℃条件下酶解反应4.5h,酶解完成后将酶解液在温度为100℃下,灭酶10min;
(3)离心:将步骤(2)所得酶解液在转速为4000r/min下离心10min,取其上清液,得到酶解清液;
(4)浓缩:将步骤(3)所得酶解清液经旋转蒸发仪浓缩至原体积的1/4,得到浓缩酶解液;
(5)调配:将步骤(4)所得浓缩酶解液与水按质量比1:1.5混合后,添加10%食盐,8.0%白砂糖、0.9%变性淀粉、8.5%麦芽糊精、0.18%黄原胶、0.6%焦糖色、2.9%味精、0.3%姜粉(各用量相对于浓缩酶解液和水的总质量),边加边搅拌,得到调味汁;调配过程在60℃水浴中进行;
(6)装瓶灭菌:将步骤(5)所得调味汁装瓶封盖后90℃水浴加热25min进行灭菌,即得成品。
实施例2
一种大闸蟹调味汁的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)原料预处理:将冷冻的大闸蟹下脚料室温解冻,75℃下干燥4.5h,粉碎后过筛用筛网为80目筛网,得到大闸蟹下脚料粉末;
(2)酶解:将步骤(1)所得大闸蟹下脚料粉末与水按1:25混合,经均质后加入0.18%中性蛋白酶(酶活力为50000u/g)和0.075%风味蛋白酶(酶活力为30000u/g),pH6.8、45℃条件下酶解反应5.0h,酶解完成后将酶解液在温度为95℃下,灭酶10min;
(3)离心:将步骤(2)所得酶解液在转速为3500r/min下离心10min,取其上清液,得到酶解清液;
(4)浓缩:将步骤(3)所得酶解清液经旋转蒸发仪浓缩至原体积的1/4,得到浓缩酶解液;
(5)调配:将步骤(4)所得浓缩酶解液与水按质量比1:1.4混合后,添加10%食盐、8.5%白砂糖、0.9%变性淀粉、8.5%麦芽糊精、0.18%黄原胶、0.7%焦糖色、3.0%味精、0.2%姜粉,边加边搅拌,得到调味汁;调配过程在60℃水浴中进行;
(6)装瓶灭菌:将步骤(5)所得调味汁装瓶封盖后87℃水浴加热30min进行灭菌,即得成品。
实施例3
一种大闸蟹调味汁的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)原料预处理:将冷冻的大闸蟹下脚料室温解冻,73℃下干燥5h,粉碎后过筛用筛网为80目筛网,得到大闸蟹下脚料粉末;
(2)酶解:将步骤(1)所得大闸蟹下脚料粉末与水按1:22混合,经均质后加入0.20%中性蛋白酶(酶活力为50000u/g)和0.08%风味蛋白酶(酶活力为30000u/g),pH7.0、53℃条件下酶解反应4.0h,酶解完成后将酶解液在温度为109℃下,灭酶8min;
(3)离心:将步骤(2)所得酶解液在转速为3000r/min下离心12min,取其上清液,得到酶解清液;
(4)浓缩:将步骤(3)所得酶解清液经旋转蒸发仪浓缩至原体积的1/4,得到浓缩酶解液;
(5)调配:将步骤(4)所得浓缩酶解液与水按质量比1:1.7混合后,添加10%食盐,8.0%白砂糖、0.9%变性淀粉、8.5%麦芽糊精、0.18%黄原胶、0.6%焦糖色、2.9%味精、0.3%姜粉,边加边搅拌,得到调味汁;调配过程在60℃水浴中进行;
(6)装瓶灭菌:将步骤(5)所得调味汁装瓶封盖后95℃水浴加热20min进行灭菌,即得成品。
本发明采用的复合酶法对蛋白质由较高的酶解效率,取实施例1的酶解液进行了氨基酸组成分析(表1),结果表明酶解液中的必需氨基酸和呈味氨基酸含量都较高,制备的调味汁鲜味好,营养价值高。
表1水解液的氨基酸组成表
名称 | 含量/(mg/L) |
天冬氨酸 | 49.26 |
谷氨酸 | 57.37 |
丝氨酸 | 20.52 |
组氨酸 | 19.93 |
甘氨酸 | 319.12 |
苏氨酸 | 46.19 |
精氨酸 | 17.26 |
丙氨酸 | 490.44 |
酪氨酸 | 10.36 |
半胱氨酸 | 20.64 |
缬氨酸 | 55.57 |
甲硫氨酸 | 19.11 |
苯丙氨酸 | 44.90 |
异亮氨酸 | 24.51 |
亮氨酸 | 66.65 |
赖氨酸 | 69.48 |
脯氨酸 | 196.40 |
氨基酸总量 | 1527.70 |
鲜味氨基酸/总氨基酸 | 59.97% |
必需氨基酸/总氨基酸 | 21.37% |
将本发明实施例1成品调味汁,由10位评鉴人员对其进行感官评定。感官评定表由表2所示,感官得分表如表3所示。评定结果显示,本发明生产的调味汁具有蟹香味,鲜味突出,回味长久。
表2感官评定表
表3感官得分表
指标 | 平均分 |
色泽(8分) | 5.8 |
形态(10分) | 6.2 |
香气(10分) | 8.0 |
滋味(12分) | 10.4 |
总分(40分) | 30.4 |
本发明制备的调味汁鲜味明显,保留了大闸蟹的特殊风味,对实施例1进行挥发性风味物质检测,结果由表4所示。
表4挥发性化合物含量及种数
Claims (10)
1.一种大闸蟹调味汁的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)原料预处理:将冷冻的大闸蟹下脚料室温解冻,经干燥和粉碎后,过筛,得到大闸蟹下脚料粉末;
(2)酶解:将步骤(1)所得大闸蟹下脚料粉末与水按比例混合,经均质后加入中性蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶进行酶解,酶解完成后将酶解液高温灭酶;
(3)离心:将步骤(2)所得酶解液离心,取其上清液,得到酶解清液;
(4)浓缩:将步骤(3)所得酶解清液浓缩,得到浓缩酶解液;
(5)调配:将步骤(4)所得浓缩酶解液与水按比例混合后,添加10~12%食盐,7.5~8.5%白砂糖、0.8~1.2%变性淀粉、7~9%麦芽糊精、0.15~0.25%黄原胶、0.6~0.8%焦糖色、2~4%味精、0.2~0.4%姜粉,边加边搅拌,得到调味汁;
(6)装瓶灭菌:将步骤(5)所得调味汁装瓶封盖后高温灭菌,即得成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述干燥的温度为70~75℃,时间为4.5~5.5h;粉碎后过筛用筛网为80目筛网。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,大闸蟹下脚料粉末与水的质量比为1:20~30。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述中性蛋白酶的酶活力为50000u/g,添加量为0.12~0.23%;风味蛋白酶的酶活力为30000u/g,添加量为0.07~0.10%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,酶解的条件为:pH6.5~7.5、45~55℃条件下反应3.5~5.0h;灭酶的温度为95~109℃,时间为8~10min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,离心的转速为3000~4500r/min,时间为8~12min。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,浓缩是将酶解清液经旋转蒸发仪浓缩至原体积的1/4。
8.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中,浓缩酶解液与水的质量比1:1.4~1.7。
9.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中,调配过程在55~65℃水浴中进行。
10.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(6)中,杀菌条件为80~95℃水浴加热20~30min。
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