CN113491233A - Warm water drip irrigation system design and method for green prevention and control of soil insects - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preventing and controlling underground pests which are not high temperature resistant through drip irrigation with warm water, which belongs to the technical field of physical prevention and control of agricultural pests. The invention opens up a new direction for green prevention and control of underground pests, plays a brand-new role in promoting the utilization of tolerance temperature difference between hosts and pests, and provides a new idea for the research and development of novel green prevention and control technologies of other crop pests.

Description

Warm water drip irrigation system design and method for green prevention and control of soil insects

Technical Field

The invention relates to a warm water drip irrigation system design and a method for green prevention and control of underground pests, belonging to the technical field of physical prevention and control of agricultural pests.

Background

Although various green prevention and control methods such as natural enemies, microbial inoculants, pest sticking plates, insect nets and the like exist for controlling pests, the methods have different defects, such as high cost, low speed, unsatisfactory effect and the like. Currently, the methods commonly used to control pests remain chemical pesticides. However, the development of new drugs on the market requires a long process. Pests develop severe resistance to drugs if certain or some class of agents are used for a long period of time. Along with the increase of the drug resistance of pests, the pesticide amount is increased. Under the condition of no better insecticidal method, vegetable farmers are forced to use highly toxic and highly toxic pesticides randomly, and the potential safety hazard of agricultural products is increased. Therefore, the development of pest green prevention and control technology and the guarantee of agricultural product safety are a constant theme.

The tolerance of different organisms to temperature is different (May Gong, Hu extract, Gong and. influence of high temperature on the growth and development of the ovary of the rare silk worm, namely the Japanese silkworm, ecology news 2000, 20 (3): 490 and 494.). If the difference of the temperature tolerance of organisms can be reasonably utilized to develop a green prevention and control technology, or a new green prevention and control direction of pests is developed. For example, the difference of the high temperature tolerance of the host and the pest is reasonably and accurately researched according to the difference of the high temperature tolerance of the host and the pest, and a temperature which does not influence the growth of the host and can kill the pest is selected to research and develop and apply a temperature control product.

Take the bradysia odoriphaga in leek field as an example. Studies on Shihua and the like (Shihua, Yangting, Hanhao Lin, and the like. investigation research on the population dynamics of the late-eye chive muscae mosquitoes and over-summer and over-winter places in Beijing area, application of insect bulletins, 2016, 53(6): 1174 and 1183.) show that the harm peak period of the late-eye chive muscae mosquitoes is two seasons of spring and autumn, and the population quantity in summer is very small; meanwhile, the higher the temperature is, the higher the death rate of bradysia odoriphaga is, wherein when the temperature reaches 36 ℃, the time required for 100 percent death of adults, eggs, larvae and pupae of bradysia odoriphaga is respectively 24.00 h, 48.00 h and 48.00 h; when the temperature reachesAt 38 ℃, the time required for 100 percent death of the adults, eggs, larvae and pupae of the bradysia odoriphaga is 4.33 h, 5.83 h, 8.67 h and 8.33 h respectively; when the temperature reaches 40 ℃, the time required for 100 percent death of the adults, eggs, larvae and pupae of the bradysia odoriphaga is 1.33 h, 1.83 h, 2.83 h and 3.67 h respectively; when the temperature reaches 42 ℃, the time required for 100% death of the adults, eggs, larvae and pupae of the bradysia odoriphaga is 0.67H, 1.00H, 2.00H and 2.33H, respectively (Shi C H, Hu J R, Wei Q W, et al. Control ofBradysia odoriphaga(Diptera: Sciaridae) by soil soundproofing. Crop Protection, 2018, 114: 76-82.). On the basis, Strobilanthes, and the like (Strobilanthes, and the like) use a sun-drying high-temperature film covering method in the control of Bradysia odoriphaga, Chinese vegetables, 2017, (7): 90.) invents a novel technology for controlling Bradysia odoriphaga by sun-drying high-temperature film covering, and the control effect of Bradysia odoriphaga is as high as 100% under the condition of sufficient sunlight. Therefore, practice proves that the concept of reasonably utilizing high temperature to control pests is feasible, but the tolerance of the host to high temperature is considered under the same conditions. In addition, the new technology of 'sun-drying high-temperature film covering' for preventing and controlling the Chinese chive maggots is limited by the intensity of sunlight illumination, and cannot be used in rainy days or winter greenhouses. At present, the prevention and treatment of bradysia odoriphaga in greenhouses still mainly comprises chemical pesticides, increases the risk of eating toxic leeks, and is not beneficial to the health of people. Therefore, it is necessary to further develop a restriction factor for restricting the growth and development of bradysia odoriphaga and the propagation of progeny, and develop a new green prevention and control technology by using the restriction factor.

In addition to temperature, humidity is also a major factor affecting The growth and development of bradysia odoriphaga and The propagation of progeny (Shi C H, Hu J R, Zhang Y J. The effects of temperature and humidity on a field location ofBradysia odoriphagaJournal of ecomatic import, 2020, 113(4): 1927-. At present, the two factors of temperature and humidity are generally studied and applied separately. However, in complex environments, the effects of temperature and humidity on insects are always interactive (Malinovic-Milicevic S, Mihaiovic D T, Lalic B, et al. Thermal environment and UV-B radiation indices in the Vojvodina region, Serbia. Climate)Research, 2013, 57(2): 111-. For example, insects need to constantly undergo substance and energy metabolism during their life activities, and the balance between salts and water in the body can keep the environment stable (Rajpurohit S, Peterson L M, Orr A J, et al, An Experimental evaluation test of the correlation between the plant and the diagnosis in the insects, ploS One, 2016, 11(9): e 0163414.). When high temperature stress is encountered and cannot be avoided by behavioral activity, insects first reduce their temperature by excreting body water to avoid high temperature damage (Roura-Pascal N, Hui C, Ikeda T, et al, Relative roles of clinical efficacy and anthropogenic inflammation in determining the pattern of stress in a global innovation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2011, 108(1): 220-225.). When the humidity change of the external environment affects the water absorption and drainage mechanism of insects, the water balance in the insects is imbalanced, the salt ion concentration of the insects is changed, and the insects are promoted to generate corresponding physiological and biochemical reactions. Therefore, if a technology or a method can be invented, and the limited factors of temperature and humidity interaction are simultaneously applied to pest control, the control effect of 1+1 greater than 2 can be achieved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for preventing and controlling soil insects by a warm water drip irrigation system. Taking bradysia odoriphaga as an example, the method does not use chemical pesticides, can thoroughly kill bradysia odoriphaga, does not influence the normal growth of leek plants, can obviously improve the yield of leeks even when the water temperature is 45-48 ℃, and opens up a new green prevention and control direction for underground pests. Taking the prevention and treatment of bradysia odoriphaga in leek land as an example, the invention reduces the risk of eating toxic leek, is beneficial to the health of people, and is a new technology for killing bradysia odoriphaga at high temperature.

The inventor utilizes water with different high temperatures to soak leek root systems and leek bradysia odoriphaga larvae, and determines the tolerance of the leek root systems to high temperature and the tolerance of the leek bradysia odoriphaga larvae and pupae to warm water. On the basis, the difference of the high-temperature tolerance of the leek root system and the leek bradysia odoriphaga is utilized, a warm water drip irrigation system is designed and applied to the prevention and control of the leek bradysia odoriphaga, and the prevention and control effect of the system on the leek bradysia odoriphaga and the influence of the system on the growth of the leek are investigated. The invention provides reference for green control of other crop pests.

The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a method for preventing and controlling underground pests which are not high temperature resistant through drip irrigation of warm water comprises the following steps: drip irrigation to soil near the root system of the Chinese chives by a warm water drip irrigation system with the water temperature between the host lethal temperature and the pest lethal temperature, preferably, the underground pest is the bradysia odoriphaga, and the warm water with the temperature of 42-50 ℃ is selected to be drip irrigation to the soil near the root system of the Chinese chives by the warm water drip irrigation system, wherein each drip irrigation time is 0.5-1 hour.

Preferably, the method comprises the steps of selecting warm water with the temperature of 42-45 ℃ and carrying out drip irrigation on the soil near the root system of the Chinese chives through a warm water drip irrigation system, wherein the drip irrigation time is 50-60 minutes each time; selecting 45-48 ℃ warm water, wherein the time of each drip irrigation is 40-50 minutes, and selecting 48-50 ℃ warm water, and the time of each drip irrigation is 30-40 minutes.

Further, the aperture of the drip tube used in the warm water drip irrigation system is 3 types, that is, No.1 (to give 2.4 mm), No.2 (to give 1.4 mm) or No.3 (to give 1.0 mm in the middle), and preferably, No.3 (to give 1.0 mm) type drip tube.

The method preferably selects the hole spacing of drip irrigation to be 20 cm when in disinsection.

According to the method, the warm water drip irrigation system comprises a warm water generating device, a first self-operated flow control valve, a second self-operated flow control valve, a first water control valve, a second water control valve, a third water control valve, a first temperature measuring valve, a second temperature measuring valve, a third temperature measuring valve, a first cold water pipe, a second cold water pipe, a dropper and a drip irrigation main pipeline; one end of the warm water generating device is provided with a water inlet which is connected with a first cold water pipe of a tap water source through a first water control valve, the other end of the warm water generating device is provided with a hot water outlet which is connected with a first self-operated flow control valve, and the first self-operated flow control valve is sequentially connected with a first temperature measuring valve and the first end of the trifurcate pipeline; a second cold water pipe of the other tap water source is connected with a second self-operated flow control valve, and the second self-operated flow control valve is sequentially connected with a second temperature measuring valve and the second end of the three-fork pipeline; the third end of the trident pipeline is connected with a third temperature measuring valve, and the third temperature measuring valve is sequentially connected with a second water control valve and the main drip irrigation pipeline; the main drip irrigation pipeline is connected with a plurality of drip pipes through a third water control valve.

According to the method, the hot water pipe and the tap water cold water pipe are both connected with the self-operated flow control valve, and the flow of hot water and the flow of cold water are respectively regulated according to requirements so as to regulate the temperature of drip irrigation water.

The method is characterized in that the warm water drip irrigation system is further provided with 3 temperature measuring valves for respectively measuring the temperature of water flowing out of the hot water pipe, the temperature of water flowing out of the tap water cold water pipe and the temperature of water flowing out after mixing, so that the selection of proper insecticidal water temperature is ensured.

According to the method, when warm water drip irrigation is needed, self-operated flow control valves on a hot water pipe and a cold water pipe are respectively opened, hot water flow is set to be generated, a power switch is started, water in the hot water pipe and water in the cold water pipe are mixed to reach a preset temperature, and then drip irrigation is carried out on the water to soil near the root system of the Chinese chives through a dropper.

The method takes the bradysia odoriphaga as an example: selecting warm water with the temperature of 42-50 ℃ to drip-irrigate soil near the root system of the Chinese chives through a drip irrigation system, wherein the drip irrigation time is different according to the different selected water temperatures, and is 0.5-1 hour.

More preferably, warm water at 45-48 ℃ is selected.

The method can be used all the year round. If the weather is windless in open field, direct drip irrigation can be carried out; if there is windy weather, add and seal heat preservation device, for example level land tectorial membrane. If in the greenhouse, the utility model can be directly used.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

the research of the invention shows that the leek root system has stronger high temperature resistance, and the subsequent growth of the leek root system cannot be influenced as long as the root system is not in the high temperature of more than 50 ℃ for a long time. The bradysia odoriphaga has poor high temperature resistance, and particularly, the bradysia odoriphaga is remarkably accelerated to die due to interaction between high temperature and high humidity. Therefore, on the basis of defining the difference of the leek root system and the leek bradysia odoriphaga in high temperature tolerance, the novel technology for preventing the leek bradysia odoriphaga by the warm water drip irrigation system can thoroughly eliminate the leek bradysia odoriphaga without influencing the normal growth of leek plants by controlling the water temperature to be within the range of 42-50 ℃, and can also obviously improve the yield of the leeks even at the water temperature of 45-48 ℃. The invention opens up a new direction for green prevention and control of the underground pests, reasonably and accurately researches the difference of the high temperature resistance of the hosts and the underground pests according to the difference of the high temperature resistance of the hosts and the underground pests, selects the water temperature which does not influence the growth of the hosts and can kill the underground pests, and then utilizes the device to generate the specific warm water for drip irrigation. The technology plays a brand-new promoting role in the aspect of utilizing the tolerance temperature difference between hosts and pests, and provides a new idea for the research and development of novel green prevention and control technologies of other crop pests, such as: as long as the difference range of the plant leaf surface and the tolerance of pests to the instantaneous high temperature is obtained, the invention can be modified into a high-temperature spraying system, and the high-temperature water mist is sprayed instantaneously to knock down the pests on the leaf surface without influencing the leaf surface or the plant growth.

Drawings

FIG. 1 effect of different temperature and time treatments on the 7 th day growth of leeks, wherein: panel A represents 40 deg.C; panel B represents 50 deg.C; panel C represents 60 ℃; panel D represents 70 deg.C; panel E represents 80 deg.C; panel F represents 90 deg.C; panel G represents 100 ℃.

FIG. 2 effect of different temperature and time treatments on the 14 th day growth of leeks, wherein: panel A represents 40 deg.C; panel B represents 50 deg.C; panel C represents 60 ℃; panel D represents 70 deg.C; panel E represents 80 deg.C; panel F represents 90 deg.C; panel G represents 100 ℃.

FIG. 3 effect of different temperature and time treatments on the survival rate of leek plants at day 14, wherein: panel A represents 40 deg.C; panel B represents 50 deg.C; panel C represents 60 ℃; panel D represents 70 deg.C; panel E represents 80 deg.C; panel F represents 90 ℃.

FIG. 4 effect of different temperature and time treatments on mortality of old leek roots, wherein: panel A represents 40-50 deg.C; panel B represents 60 deg.C; panel C represents 70-100 ℃.

FIG. 5 effect of different temperature and time treatments on the growth of new roots of leeks, wherein: panel A represents 40 deg.C; panel B represents 50 deg.C; panel C represents 60 ℃; panel D represents 70 deg.C; panel E represents 80 deg.C; panel F represents 90 deg.C; panel G represents 100 ℃; graph H represents the newly added root system of the surviving leeks after different temperature treatments.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a small net bag.

FIG. 7 effect of different temperature and time treatments on mortality of bradysia odoriphaga larvae, wherein: FIG. A represents 5S; FIG. B represents 10S; panel C represents 20S; panel D represents 30S; FIG. E represents 1 min; FIG. F represents 2 min, FIG. G represents 5 min; panel H represents 10 min; panel I represents 30 min; panel J represents 60 min.

FIG. 8 effect of different temperature and time treatments on mortality of bradysia odoriphaga pupae, wherein: FIG. A represents 5S; FIG. B represents 10S; panel C represents 20S; panel D represents 30S; FIG. E represents 1 min; FIG. F represents 2 min, FIG. G represents 5 min; panel H represents 10 min; panel I represents 30 min; panel J represents 60 min.

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a "drip irrigation with warm water" system, wherein 1-the cap is closed; 2-a host crop; 3-a dropper; 4-sealing the heat preservation device; 5-a third control water valve; 6-a sealing cap; 7-a main pipeline; 8-a second water control valve; 9-a pipeline; 10-a third temperature measuring valve; 11-a trifurcated conduit; 12-a first temperature valve; 13-a first self-operated flow control valve; 14-a warm water generating device; 15-first cold water pipe (tap water source); 16-a first water control valve; 17-a power switch; 18-set key; 19-screen; 20-second cold water pipe (tap water source); 21-a second self-operated flow control valve; 22-third temperature measuring valve.

FIG. 10 model for adjusting the temperature of the mixed water.

FIG. 11 the effect of pore size on different depth soil temperatures, where: FIG. A shows the pipe hole moving 10 cm along the front end of the pipe wall and then being 5 cm underground; FIG. B shows the pipe hole moving 5 cm along the front end of the pipe wall and then vertically moving 5 cm and then being 5 cm underground; FIG. C shows the pipe hole 5 cm underground after moving 5 cm along the front end of the pipe wall; FIG. D shows the pipe holes moving 10 cm vertically to the pipe wall and then being 5 cm underground; FIG. E shows the pipe hole moving 5 cm vertically to the pipe wall and then being 5 cm underground; FIG. F shows the 5 cm underground at the pore; panel G shows 10 cm underground at the pore of the canal.

FIG. 12 Effect of different coating treatment modes on the temperature of 5 cm (A) and 10 cm (B) deep soil.

Fig. 13 control effect of the warm water drip irrigation system on bradysia odoriphaga, wherein: panel a represents day 1 post-test; panel B represents day 7 post-test; panel C represents day 14 post-trial; panel D represents day 28 post-trial.

Figure 14 effect of warm water drip irrigation system on leek yield.

Detailed Description

The inventiveness and operability of the present invention will be further clarified and supported by detailed test data of specific embodiments of the present invention, taking the leek-root bradysia odoriphaga control as an example, but not limiting the present invention, and only exemplified.

The data analysis in the embodiment of the invention adopts Excel 2007 to carry out data statistics; after the control effect is converted into the square root of the arcsine, SPSS 17.0 is adopted for data analysis, and a Duncan's new compound pole difference method is adoptedP<Differential significance tests were performed at the 0.05 level.

Control effect (%) =

Example 1: determination of high-temperature resistance of Chinese chive root system

The test is completed in 2018 in the Shunqin farm test base of vegetable and flower research institute of Chinese academy of agricultural sciences. Selecting the Chinese chives sowed in 2017, wherein the variety is single-root red. Digging out the leek with roots by a shovel, and cleaning soil at the root to keep the original fibrous roots. And selecting healthy strong seedlings with consistent thickness, cutting off leaf parts from the upper end 2 cm of the bulb, and leaving rhizome and fibrous root parts for later use.

Grouping the selected leek rhizomes, wherein 15 rhizomes in each group are used as one repeat, and the process is repeated three times. Soaking the leek rhizome in water bath at constant temperature of 40 deg.C, 50 deg.C, 60 deg.C, 70 deg.C, 80 deg.C, 90 deg.C and 100 deg.C for 5 s, 10 s, 20 s, 30 s, 40 s, 50 s, 1 min, 2 min, 3 min, 5 min, 10 min, 20 min, 30 min and 60 min, taking out, air drying for 20 min, transplanting to field with consistent soil fertility, and culturing and managing normally. Soaking in tap water at normal temperature for 60 min as control. And measuring the growth heights of the Chinese chives on the 7 th day and the 14 th day respectively, and counting the survival rate of the Chinese chives on the 28 th day, the death rate of the original old roots and the average number of newly added fibrous roots.

The influence of the leek roots and stems soaked by water at different temperatures on the subsequent growth is as follows:

1. influence of warm water soaking on growth of Chinese chives

(1) Growth of leek on day 7 after soaking

With the rising of water temperature and the prolonging of soaking time, the plant height of the leeks on the 7 th day is obviously affected. The average plant height of the Chinese chives is higher than that of the control group within 1 h after being soaked at 40 ℃ and 50 ℃, but the difference is not significant, and the difference is shown in figure 1A, B. However, when the water temperature is raised to 60 ℃ and the soaking time exceeds 20 s, the average plant height of the Chinese chives is obviously smaller than that of the control group; the average plant height of the Chinese chives is shorter and shorter along with the prolonging of the soaking time; when the soaking time reaches 5 min, the Chinese chives can not grow buds any more, as shown in figure 1C. When the water temperature is increased to 70 ℃ or above, the average plant height of the Chinese chives is obviously smaller than that of the control group; with the prolonging of the soaking time, the average plant height of the Chinese chives is shorter and shorter. When the soaking time at 70 deg.C, 80 deg.C, 90 deg.C and 100 deg.C exceeds 30 s, 20 s, 10 s and 5 s respectively, folium Allii tuberosi can not grow more buds, as shown in FIG. 1D, E, F, G.

(2) Growth of leek on day 14 after soaking

With the rising of water temperature and the prolonging of soaking time, the plant height of the Chinese chives at day 14 is significantly affected. The average plant height of the Chinese chives is higher than that of the control group within 1 h after being soaked at 40 ℃ and 50 ℃, but the difference is not significant, and the difference is shown in figure 2A, B. However, when the water temperature is raised to 60 ℃ and the soaking time exceeds 5 s, the average plant height of the Chinese chives is obviously smaller than that of the control group; the average plant height of the Chinese chives is shorter and shorter along with the prolonging of the soaking time; when the soaking time reaches 3 min, no leek plant is found, as shown in fig. 2C. When the water temperature is increased to 70 ℃ or above, the average plant height of the Chinese chives is obviously smaller than that of the control group; with the prolonging of the soaking time, the average plant height of the Chinese chives is shorter and shorter. When the soaking time at 70 deg.C, 80 deg.C and 90 deg.C respectively exceeds 30 s, 20 s and 5 s, the leek dies, as shown in FIG. 2D, E, F. As long as the water temperature reaches 100 deg.C, the leeks all died on day 14, as shown in FIG. 2G.

2. Influence of soaking leek rhizome in water at different temperatures on subsequent survival rate

The survival rate of the leek plants is reduced along with the rising of the water temperature and the prolonging of the soaking time. 100% of the leek plants can survive after being soaked for 1 h at 40 ℃ and 50 ℃, and the see figure 3A, B shows. However, when the water temperature is increased to 60 ℃ and the soaking time is less than 1 min, 100% of the leek plants still survive, but when the soaking time exceeds 1 min, the death rate of the leek plants is gradually increased, when the soaking time is 5 min, the survival rate of the leek plants is only 22.2%, and when the soaking time exceeds 5 min, all the leek plants die, which is shown in fig. 3C. When the water temperature is raised to 70 ℃ or above, the survival rate of the leek plants is obviously reduced. Soaking at 70 deg.C for 5 s, 10 s, 20 s and 30 s respectively, the average survival rate of folium Allii tuberosi plants is 69.8%, 58.3%, 36.5% and 13.3%, the soaking time is more than 30 s, and folium Allii tuberosi plants are all dead, as shown in figure 3D. Soaking at 80 deg.C for 5 s and 10 s respectively, the average survival rate of folium Allii tuberosi plant is 70.8% and 11.9%, the soaking time is more than 10 s, and folium Allii tuberosi plant dies completely, as shown in FIG. 3E. When the Chinese chive plants are soaked at 90 ℃ for 5 s, the average survival rate of the Chinese chive plants is only 7.6 percent, the soaking time exceeds 5 s, and the Chinese chive plants are all dead, which is shown in figure 3F.

3. Influence of water soaking at different temperatures on mortality rate of old leek roots

As the water temperature rises and the soaking time is prolonged, the death rate of the old roots of the Chinese chives is increased. The old roots of the Chinese chives are not dead after the soaking time of 40 ℃ and 50 ℃ is prolonged to 1 h, which is shown in figure 4A. The death rate of the old leek roots is obviously increased along with the time from 60 ℃, wherein when the soaking time reaches 1 min or more, the old leek roots are all dead, as shown in figure 4B. When the temperature reaches 70 ℃ or above, all the old leek roots die, as shown in FIG. 4C.

4. Influence of water soaking at different temperatures on newly-increased root system of Chinese chives

With the rising of the water temperature, the newly added root systems of the Chinese chives increase firstly and then decrease, which is shown in figure 5H. Compared with the control group, after soaking at 40 ℃ and 50 ℃, the newly-increased roots of some treated Chinese chives are obviously increased, and the newly-increased roots of some treated Chinese chives are not obviously different, which is shown in figure 5A, B. But overall, the 40 ℃ and 50 ℃ soaking can increase the germination of new roots of leeks, see FIG. 5H. When the temperature is increased to 60 ℃, new roots can grow on the survival chives, but the difference from the control group is not obvious, and the result is shown in figure 5C. When the temperature is raised to 70 ℃ or above, as long as the live leeks can grow new roots, but the number of the new roots is remarkably reduced as the soaking time is prolonged, and no new roots exist in the dead leeks, as shown in fig. 5D, E, F, G.

Example 2: influence of water with different temperatures on survival rate of bradysia odoriphaga

The bradysia odoriphaga used in this experiment was from a population of perennial raised in the vegetable and flower institute of academy of agricultural sciences, china. The larvae of 4 th instar and the initial pupae (within 12 h of pupation) are respectively selected and put in a small string bag, as shown in figure 6. Repeating for 30 times every three times, soaking the string bag in warm water at 37 deg.C, 40 deg.C, 42 deg.C, 45 deg.C, 48 deg.C and 50 deg.C for 5 s, 10 s, 20 s, 30 s, 1 min, 2 min, 5 min, 10 min, 30 min and 60 min, taking out the test insects, placing into a culture dish (diameter 6 cm), spreading 2.5% solid agar culture medium on the bottom of the culture dish, and spreading a layer of filter paper on the culture medium for moistening. Then placing the culture dish at 25 ℃ and standing for 24 h, and counting the death conditions of the larvae and the pupae by taking 25 ℃ as a control. The larva is contacted with a soft brush pen and dies without moving; pupae were considered dead without eclosion of adults within 10 days.

The effect of water soaking at different temperatures on the mortality rate of bradysia odoriphaga larvae and pupae was as follows:

1. effect on larval mortality

As the water temperature rises and the soaking time is prolonged, the death rate of the bradysia odoriphaga larvae is obviously increased. The mortality rate of the larvae soaked in water at 48 ℃ and 50 ℃ for 5 s is respectively 30.97 percent and 51.03 percent; the mortality rate after soaking for 10 s is 55.37% and 100% respectively; all died when the soaking time lasted to 20 s. However, no death phenomenon occurs when the larvae are soaked for 30 s at the temperature below 45 ℃; when the soaking is carried out for 1 min at the temperature of 45 ℃, the death rate of the larvae is up to 73.07 percent, and the larvae are all dead after 5 min. When the larvae are soaked in water at 40 ℃ and 42 ℃ for 5 min, the larvae die, and the death rates of the larvae are respectively 20.63% and 47.83%; the mortality rate of the larvae is obviously increased after 10 min, and is respectively 87.50 percent and 97.90 percent, and all larvae die when the soaking time reaches 30 min. The mortality rate of the larvae after 30 min and 60 min soaking in water at 37 ℃ was only 11.97% and 42.93%, respectively, while the chive maggot larvae were all alive in the clear water control, see fig. 7.

2. Influence on mortality of pupa

As the water temperature rises and the soaking time is prolonged, the death rate of the Chinese chive maggots is obviously increased, but the pupae are more high-temperature resistant than the larvae. The death rate of the pupa soaked in water at 48 ℃ and 50 ℃ for 5 s is 8.83 percent and 18.03 percent respectively; the mortality rate after soaking for 10 s is 16.80 percent and 62.07 percent respectively; the mortality rate after 20 s of soaking is 65.73% and 100% respectively; when the soaking time lasts to 1 min, the pupae soaked at 48 ℃ are all dead. The pupa can be completely killed by soaking at 45 deg.C for 10 min. The death difference of the pupa in water at 42 ℃ and 40 ℃ is not obvious, wherein the death phenomenon can be generated when the pupa is soaked for 10 min at 42 ℃, the death rate is only 5.33 percent, and the death difference is not obvious from a control group; when the duration of the temperature of 42 ℃ is prolonged to 30 min and 60 min, the mortality of pupae is 9.77% and 39.10%, respectively. The mortality rate of pupae soaked in water at 37 ℃ was not significantly different from that of the control group, as shown in fig. 8.

Example 3: design of warm water drip irrigation system

The warm water drip irrigation system comprises a warm water generating device, a self-operated flow control valve, a water control valve, a temperature measuring valve, a cold water pipe, a hot water pipe, a dropper, a closed heat preservation device and the like, and the structural schematic diagram is shown in figure 9. The warm water generating device 14 further includes a heater, various electronic components, various setting keys, a display screen, a pipe, a power supply, and the like, and the known product (as long as warm water can be generated) can be used as the warm water generating device 14; wherein, one end of the warm water generating device 14 is a water inlet and is connected with a first cold water pipe (tap water source) 15 through a first water control valve 16, the other end is a hot water outlet and is connected with a first self-operated flow control valve 13, and the first self-operated flow control valve 13 is sequentially connected with a first temperature measuring valve 12 and a first end of the trifurcate pipeline 11; a second cold water pipe (another tap water source) 20 is connected with a second self-operated flow control valve 21, and the second self-operated flow control valve 21 is sequentially connected with a second temperature measuring valve 22 and the second end of the trifurcate pipeline 11; the third end of the trifurcate pipeline 11 is connected with a third temperature measuring valve 10, and the third temperature measuring valve 10 is sequentially connected with a second water control valve 8 and a main drip irrigation pipeline 7; the main drip irrigation pipeline 7 is connected with a plurality of drip pipes 3 through a third water control valve 5.

When the warm water drip irrigation system device is adopted for killing insects, the first water control valve 16 is opened, and tap water of the first cold water pipe 15 flows into the warm water generating device 14; then, the setting key 18 is used to set the flow rate of the generated hot water (temperature, time, etc. can also be set), the screen 19 can observe the set content, after the setting is completed, the power switch 17 is started to instantly heat the generated hot water, the hot water flows to the first temperature measuring valve 12 through the first self-operated flow rate (m 1) control valve 13, and the actual temperature of the warm water is measured (T1). At the same time, the second self-operated flow (m 2) control valve 21 is opened, and the tap water in the second cold water pipe 20 flows to the second temperature measuring valve 22, and the actual temperature of the tap water is measured (T2). The tap water and the warm water are mixed by the trifurcated pipe 11 and then flow to the third temperature measuring valve 10, and the actual temperature of the mixed water is measured (T3). The mixed water flows through the pipe 9 and the second water control valve 8 to the main pipe 7 connected with the drip irrigation. The two ends of the main pipeline 7 are blocked by the closed caps 6, and the arrangement mode or the distance of the drip irrigation 3 is adjusted and connected in the middle according to the type of the field or the cultivation mode. One end of the dropper 3 is connected with the main pipeline 7 through a third water control valve 5, and the other end of the dropper is blocked by a sealing cap 1. The hole pitch of the drip irrigation 3 is selected according to the pitch of the host crop 2. In order to ensure the heating effect, a closed heat preservation device 4 (such as a flat ground film, a non-drip plastic film with the thickness of 0.12 mm, or other soft heat preservation materials which can be folded and repeatedly used, if the drip irrigation device is arranged in a greenhouse, the drip irrigation device can be directly used) is used for covering the drip irrigation device and the host crops, and the periphery of the drip irrigation device is tightly covered by soil. The periphery of the heat preservation device can be provided with a strip-shaped weight strip which can be in close contact with the ground (soil can also be used for pressing, and only the strip-shaped weight strip avoids the trouble of pressing soil or the trouble of removing a film), and when the heat preservation device covers a field needing drip irrigation, a closed space is formed.

1. Adjusting model for temperature of mixed water

When the warm water drip irrigation system device is adopted for killing insects, the water temperature T3 which does not influence the growth of hosts and can kill underground pests is selected according to the difference of high temperature resistance of the hosts and the underground pests.

When the warm water drip irrigation system is used for testing, the water temperature of the warm water generating device is T1, and the hot water amount is m 1; the temperature of tap water in the cold water pipe is T2, and the water amount is m 2. The simulation gave a temperature of mixed water of T3' = (m 1T1+ m2T 2)/(m 1+ m 2). T3' is a predicted value, T3 is an actual measured value, and when the warm water drip irrigation system is tested according to the invention, T3 is almost coincident with T3, and a very good linear relation exists, which shows that the temperature loss is negligible when the device regulates the water temperature, and the figure is 10. Therefore, the required mixed water can be provided for subsequent experiments.

2. Burette aperture size and soil temperature test

In general, the width of the leek ridge does not exceed 6.5 m, therefore, in the test, a plurality of droppers with the length of 7 m are selected, the diameters of the droppers are 5 types, which are respectively represented by No.1, No.2, No.3, No.4 and No.5, and the diameters of the droppers are respectively equal to 2.4 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.0 mm, 0.7 mm and 0.3 mm. No.1, No.2, No.3, No.4 and No.5 are used in place of the 5 types of droppers, respectively, and one treatment is performed for each type of dropper. The initial water temperature of the hot water generator is controlled within the range of 50 +/-1 ℃. The temperature of each dropper is measured at different soil positions at different distances (0 m, 1 m, 2 m, 3 m, 4 m, 5 m, 6 m and 7 m) by using thermometers respectively, 8 thermometers are placed near each pipe hole, the underground positions 5 cm and 10 cm at the pipe hole are measured respectively, the underground position 5 cm after the pipe hole moves vertical to the pipe wall for 5 cm, the underground position 5 cm after the pipe hole moves vertical to the pipe wall for 10 cm, the underground position 5 cm after the pipe hole moves 5 cm along the front end of the pipe wall and then moves vertically for 5 cm, and the underground position 5 cm after the pipe hole moves 10 cm along the front end of the pipe wall, so that 65 thermometers are summed. The temperature of each thermometer was recorded every 10 min, 3 replicates per treatment.

The effect of burette aperture on different depth soil temperatures is as follows:

as the drip irrigation time is prolonged, the No.1, No.2, No.3 and No.4 droppers are used, and the temperature rising effect of 5 cm underground after the pipe hole moves 10 cm along the front end of the pipe wall is obviously higher than that of the No.5 droppers. When the drip irrigation time is less than 30 min, the temperature rise effect of the No.1 dropper is obviously higher than that of droppers of other models, and the No.1 is greater than the No.2 and greater than the No.3 and greater than the No.4 and greater than the No.5 in sequence. When the drip irrigation time lasts for 30 min or more, the difference between the heating effects of No.1 and No.2 droppers is not obvious, and the temperature trend of 5 cm underground tends to be flat and exceeds 40 ℃. When the drip irrigation time lasts to 40 min or more, the difference between the temperature rising effect of the No.3 dropper and the temperature rising effect of the No.1 dropper and the No.2 dropper is not obvious, and the temperature trend is leveled to exceed 40 ℃. When the drip irrigation time lasts for 50 min or more, although the temperature trend of 5 cm underground after the No.4 dropper is used tends to level, the temperature is obviously lower than that of the No.1 dropper, the No.2 dropper and the No.3 dropper and higher than that of the No.5 dropper. The drip irrigation time lasted 60 min, and the temperature of 5 cm underground was still gradually increased after using No.5 dropper, but the speed was slow, as shown in FIG. 11A.

With the prolonged drip irrigation time, the No.1, No.2, No.3 and No.4 droppers are used, the temperature rise effect of 5 cm underground after the pipe hole moves 5 cm along the front end of the pipe wall and then vertically moves 5 cm is obviously higher than that of the No.5 droppers, but the No.1, No.2 and No.3 droppers have no obvious difference, and the sequence is No.1, No.2, No.3 > No.4 > No. 5. When the drip irrigation time lasts to 30 min or more, the temperature trend of 5 cm underground by using No.1, No.2 and No.3 droppers tends to be flat and exceeds 40 ℃. When the drip irrigation time lasts for 50 min or more, although the temperature trend of 5 cm underground after the No.4 dropper is used tends to level, the temperature is obviously lower than that of the No.1 dropper, the No.2 dropper and the No.3 dropper and higher than that of the No.5 dropper. The drip irrigation time lasted 60 min, and the temperature of 5 cm underground was still gradually increased after using No.5 dropper, but the speed was slow, as shown in FIG. 11B.

As the drip irrigation time is prolonged, the No.1, No.2, No.3 and No.4 droppers are used, the temperature rise effect of 5 cm underground after the pipe hole moves 5 cm along the front end of the pipe wall is obviously higher than that of the No.5 droppers, but the No.1, No.2 and No.3 droppers have no obvious difference, and the No.1, No.2, No.3 and No.4 are sequentially in the sequence of No.1, No.2, No.3 and No.4 and No. 5. When the drip irrigation time lasts to 30 min or more, the temperature trend of 5 cm underground by using No.1, No.2 and No.3 droppers tends to be flat and exceeds 40 ℃. When the drip irrigation time lasts for 50 min or more, although the temperature trend of 5 cm underground after the No.4 dropper is used tends to level, the temperature is obviously lower than that of the No.1 dropper, the No.2 dropper and the No.3 dropper and higher than that of the No.5 dropper. The drip irrigation time lasted 60 min, and the temperature of 5 cm underground was still gradually increased after using No.5 dropper, but the speed was slow, as shown in FIG. 11C.

With the prolonged drip irrigation time, the No.1, No.2, No.3 and No.4 droppers are used, the temperature rise effect of 5 cm underground after the pipe hole moves 10 cm vertical to the pipe wall is obviously higher than that of the No.5 droppers, but the No.1, No.2 and No.3 droppers have no obvious difference, and the No.1, No.2, No.3 and No.4 are in sequence of No. 5. When the drip irrigation time lasts to 40 min or more, the temperature trend of 5 cm underground by using No.1, No.2 and No.3 droppers tends to be flat and exceeds 40 ℃. When the drip irrigation time lasts for 50 min or more, although the temperature trend of 5 cm underground after the No.4 dropper is used tends to level, the temperature is obviously lower than that of the No.1 dropper, the No.2 dropper and the No.3 dropper and higher than that of the No.5 dropper. The drip irrigation time lasted 60 min, and the temperature of 5 cm underground after using the No.5 dropper was almost always unchanged in the original state, see FIG. 11D.

With the prolonged drip irrigation time, the temperature rise effect of 5 cm underground 5 cm after the pipe hole moves 5 cm vertical to the pipe wall direction by using No.1, No.2, No.3 and No.4 droppers is obviously higher than that of the No.5 droppers, but the differences among the No.1, No.2 and No.3 droppers are not obvious, and the sequence is sequentially No.1, No.2, No.3 > No.4 > No. 5. When the drip irrigation time lasts to 40 min or more, the temperature trend of 5 cm underground by using No.1, No.2 and No.3 droppers tends to be flat and exceeds 40 ℃. When the drip irrigation time continued to 60 min, the temperature of 5 cm underground remained continuously increased after the use of the No.4 dropper, but the temperature was significantly lower than the No.1, No.2, and No.3 droppers, and higher than the No.5 dropper, see FIG. 11E.

With the prolonged drip irrigation time, the No.1, No.2, No.3 and No.4 droppers are used, the temperature rise effect of 5 cm underground at the pipe hole is obviously higher than that of the No.5 droppers, but the No.1, No.2 and No.3 droppers have no obvious difference, and the No.1, No.2, No.3 and No.4 are in sequence greater than No. 5. When the drip irrigation time lasts to 30 min or more, the temperature trend of 5 cm underground by using No.1, No.2 and No.3 droppers tends to be flat and exceeds 40 ℃. When the drip irrigation time continued to 60 min, the temperature of 5 cm underground remained continuously increased after the use of the No.4 dropper, but the temperature was significantly lower than the No.1, No.2, and No.3 droppers, and higher than the No.5 dropper, see FIG. 11F.

As the drip irrigation time is prolonged, the temperature rising effect of the No.1 dropper, the No.2 dropper, the No.3 dropper and the No.4 dropper which are used is obviously higher than that of the No.5 dropper which is used for rising the temperature 10 cm underground at the pipe hole. The drip irrigation time is continued to 40 min and above, and the temperature trend of 10 cm underground is leveled by using No.1, No.2 and No.3 droppers. However, when the drip irrigation time lasts less than 30 min, the difference of the heating effect among the No.1, No.2 and No.3 droppers is not obvious; when the drip irrigation time lasts for more than 30 min, the heating effect of the No.2 dropper and the No.3 dropper is obviously higher than that of the No.1 dropper. When the drip irrigation time lasts 50 min and above, the temperature trend of 10 cm underground after the No.4 dropper is used tends to level, but the temperature is obviously lower than that of the No.1 dropper, the No.2 dropper and the No.3 dropper and higher than that of the No.5 dropper, and the figure 11G shows.

3. Influence of film covering on soil temperature at different depths

Based on the above experiments, a dropper (No. 3 dropper) with an appropriate hole diameter was selected and subjected to 3 treatments such as an open field, a flat ground coating, and a stent coating of 60 cm. The dropper was attached in the same manner as in the previous experiment. In addition, the temperature of different soil positions was measured at different distances (1 m, 3 m and 5 m) for each dropper, 2 thermometers were placed near each pipe hole, and the temperature of 5 cm and 10 cm underground facing the pipe hole was measured, respectively, for a total of 7 thermometers. The average value of the sum of 3 distance temperatures of the same soil layer is one repetition. The temperature of each thermometer was recorded every 10 min, 3 replicates per treatment. The results show that:

under the condition of flat ground film covering, when the drip irrigation time exceeds 30 min, the temperature of 5 cm underground tends to be stable, but is obviously higher than that of open ground drip irrigation and that of 60 cm film covering drip irrigation of a support. When the drip irrigation time of the 60 cm film covering of the stent exceeds 50 min, the temperature of 5 cm underground tends to be stable, and the difference of the ground temperature with the drip irrigation of the flat ground film covering is not obvious. When the drip irrigation time is less than 30 min, the difference between the 5 cm temperature of the soil subjected to the open drip irrigation and the 60 cm film-covered drip irrigation of the stent is not significant, but when the drip irrigation time exceeds 30 min, the 5 cm temperature of the soil subjected to the 60 cm film-covered drip irrigation of the stent is significantly higher than that of the open drip irrigation, as shown in fig. 12A.

The drip irrigation time is within 60 min, and 3 modes such as flat mulching drip irrigation, open ground drip irrigation, bracket 60 cm mulching drip irrigation and the like are always in an ascending trend at the temperature of 10 cm of soil. The flat ground film-covered drip irrigation is obviously higher than the open drip irrigation and the bracket 60 cm film-covered drip irrigation at the temperature of 10 cm of soil. When the drip irrigation time is less than 40 min, the difference between the 10 cm temperature of the soil subjected to the open drip irrigation and the 60 cm film-covered drip irrigation of the stent is not significant, but when the drip irrigation time exceeds 40 min, the 10 cm temperature of the soil subjected to the 60 cm film-covered drip irrigation of the stent is significantly higher than that of the open drip irrigation, as shown in fig. 12B.

Example 4: control effect of warm water drip irrigation system on bradysia odoriphaga and influence on growth of bradysia odoriphaga

On the basis of the examples 1 and 2, warm water of 40-50 ℃ is selected, so that the growth of the leeks can be promoted theoretically, and the bradysia odoriphaga can be killed. Therefore, the experimental practice sets five temperatures of 40 ℃, 42 ℃, 45 ℃, 48 ℃ and 50 ℃ and uses the drop irrigation clear water as a contrast. Each treatment is provided with 3 repetitions, each repetition is 1 cell, and the area of each cell is 60 m²(6 m.times.10 m). Drip irrigation 1.5 m per district³After the drip irrigation with water is finished, the heat preservation device is continuously sealed for 40 min and then uncovered, and a net room with the height of 1.5 m is built in each district by using a 60-mesh gauze, so that the harm of spawning of external leek late eye muscae volitantes is avoided. The number of bradysia odoriphaga larvae was investigated at 1d, 7 d, 14 d and 28 d by root digging (area: 0.2 m × 0.2 m × 0.1 m) for 5 spots per repeat investigation. In addition, the leek yield was measured on day 28, and the area of each spot was 0.08 m for 5 spots repeatedly measured²（0.2 m×0.4 m）。

1. Control effect of warm water drip irrigation system on bradysia odoriphaga

With the rising of the water temperature, the warm water drip irrigation system obviously improves the death rate of the bradysia odoriphaga larvae. After water with the temperature of 40 ℃, 42 ℃, 45 ℃, 48 ℃ and 50 ℃ is respectively dripped, the prevention and control effects of the bradysia odoriphaga larvae on the 1 st day are investigated to be as high as 55.39%, 100% and 100%; the control effect of the bradysia odoriphaga larvae is investigated on the 7 th day and reaches 70.62%, 100% and 100%; the 14 th day surveys that the control effect of the bradysia odoriphaga larvae is up to 45.02%, 100% and 100%; the control effect of bradysia odoriphaga larvae on the 28 th day of investigation was as high as 19.63%, 100% and 100%. Wherein, the control effect of the water with the temperature of 40 ℃ for the Chinese chive maggots is firstly increased and then reduced, namely the highest point is reached in 7 days, and then the effect is gradually reduced, as shown in figure 13.

2. Influence of warm water drip irrigation system on Chinese chives yield

With the rising of the water temperature, the yield of the Chinese chives is firstly increased and then reduced by the warm water drip irrigation system. Wherein, compared with the control group, the leek yield of the drip irrigation of the warm water with the temperature of 45-48 ℃ is obviously increased; the yield of the Chinese chives obtained by drip irrigation of warm water at 40-42 ℃ is slightly higher than that of the control group, but the difference is not obvious; the yield of the leeks by drip irrigation of warm water at 50 ℃ is slightly higher than that of the control group, but the difference is not obvious, as shown in figure 14.

The inventor systematically researches the high temperature resistance of the leek root system and the influence of high temperature and high humidity on the lethality rate of the bradysia odoriphaga. On the basis, a 'warm water drip irrigation' system is designed to prevent and treat the bradysia odoriphaga, and the warm water dripped from a drip tube is required to be capable of increasing the soil temperature to the lethal temperature of the bradysia odoriphaga and not to exceed the tolerance temperature of the bradysia odoriphaga. In addition, the planting distance of the common leeks is 10 cm multiplied by 20 cm, namely, the water flowing out of a drip hole of a drip tube is required to at least penetrate to the distance of 5 cm multiplied by 10 cm, and the temperature in the depth of 5 cm underground can reach the lethal temperature of the bradysia odoriphaga. In addition, the width of the common hotbed is not more than 6.5 m, and a dropper with the length of 7 m is selected, and the heat loss is minimum when warm water is dripped from dripping holes with different distances in the dropper. Therefore, we selected a 5-gauge dropper for temperature testing, and the results show that: no.1, No.2 and No.3 can all meet the conditions, but the No.1 pore size is too large, the needed water amount is larger, and the No.2 and No.3 drip tubes are more suitable for being selected from the aspect of saving. No.4 and No.5 droppers have too small a pore size, and the water is discharged too quickly, so that it is difficult to raise the soil temperature 5 cm below the soil layer or more to the lethal temperature of the bradysia odoriphaga. Therefore, the No.3 type dropper is finally selected as the dropper of the 'warm water drip irrigation' system by comprehensively considering the factors of water consumption, soil heating rate and the like.

In order to ensure the heating effect of a warm water drip irrigation system and facilitate use in weather such as strong wind and winter, the temperature of 5 cm of soil for flat mulching film drip irrigation, open field drip irrigation and bracket 60 cm mulching film drip irrigation is measured, and the result shows that: under the condition of flat ground film covering, when the drip irrigation time exceeds 30 min, the temperature of 5 cm underground tends to be stable, but is obviously higher than that of open ground drip irrigation and that of 60 cm film covering drip irrigation of a support. When the drip irrigation time of the 60 cm film covering of the stent exceeds 50 min, the temperature of 5 cm underground tends to be stable, and the difference of the ground temperature with the drip irrigation of the flat ground film covering is not obvious. Therefore, the flat ground film mulching drip irrigation device has the best temperature rise effect and the highest speed, and is suitable for being used in windy weather. When the drip irrigation time is less than 30 min, the temperature difference of 5 cm soil for the open drip irrigation and the 60 cm film-covered drip irrigation of the bracket is not significant and exceeds 45 ℃, which shows that the effect of preventing and treating the bradysia odoriphaga can be achieved by selecting the open drip irrigation under the condition of no wind in the natural environment. However, when the drip irrigation time exceeds 30 min, the 5 cm temperature of the soil for 60 cm covered film drip irrigation of the stent is significantly higher than that for open drip irrigation. The result shows that after the film covering of the bracket of 60 cm is carried out for 30 min, a hot air protective layer is formed in the film, so that the soil temperature is accelerated, and the condition is convenient for the season of producing the Chinese chives in the shed. In addition, the temperature of the soil in the depth of 10 cm can be raised to reach the lethal temperature of the bradysia odoriphaga by both flat-land mulching drip irrigation and bracket 60 cm mulching drip irrigation, which shows that the flat-land mulching drip irrigation and bracket 60 cm mulching drip irrigation can be applied to the control of underground pests which are not high-temperature resistant at a deeper level, such as root maggots of garlic, shallots and other vegetables.

The 'warm water drip irrigation' system accelerates the death of the bradysia odoriphaga along with the rise of the drip irrigation water temperature. When the water temperature exceeds 42 ℃, 100 percent of Chinese chive maggots can be killed, and the harm of the outside Chinese chive to spawn before the bradysia odoriphaga can be prevented under the isolation of a 60-mesh gauze chamber, so that the Chinese chive maggots can be kept for a long time without being damaged by insects. Namely, when the water temperature of drip irrigation is 40 ℃, the high temperature and the high humidity act together, the control effect on the chive maggots on the 1 st day is 55.39 percent, the control effect on the 7 th day is increased to 70.62 percent, and the living chive bradysia odoriphaga subsequently starts to breed new populations, so that the control effects on the 14 th day and the 28 th day are reduced. Therefore, the water temperature for preventing and controlling the Chinese chive maggots by the warm water drip irrigation system is preferably higher than 42 ℃.

Proper temperature can promote the growth of organisms, and extreme temperature can kill the organisms, which indicates that the temperature is a double-edged arrow. Therefore, the temperature is adjusted according to the growth characteristics of different plants and different experimental purposes. The research of the invention shows that the 'warm water drip irrigation' system firstly increases the output of the Chinese chives and then decreases the output of the Chinese chives along with the increase of the water temperature. Wherein, compared with the control group, the leek yield of the drip irrigation of the warm water with the temperature of 45-48 ℃ is obviously increased; the yield of the Chinese chives obtained by drip irrigation of warm water at 40-42 ℃ is slightly higher than that of the control group, but the difference is not obvious; the yield of the leeks is slightly higher than that of the control group when warm water at 50 ℃ is drip-irrigated, but the difference is not obvious. The purpose of preventing and treating the bradysia odoriphaga can be achieved by selecting warm water with the temperature of 42-50 ℃ in a warm water drip irrigation system, wherein the warm water with the temperature of 45-48 ℃ is selected, so that the bradysia odoriphaga can be prevented and treated, and the yield of the bradysia odoriphaga can be increased.

In conclusion, the leek root system has strong high temperature resistance, and the subsequent growth of the leek root system cannot be influenced as long as the root system is not in a high temperature of more than 50 ℃ for a long time. The bradysia odoriphaga has poor high temperature resistance, and particularly, the bradysia odoriphaga is remarkably accelerated to die due to interaction between high temperature and high humidity. Therefore, on the basis of defining the difference of the leek root system and the leek bradysia odoriphaga in high temperature tolerance, the novel technology for preventing the leek bradysia odoriphaga by the warm water drip irrigation system can thoroughly eliminate the leek bradysia odoriphaga without influencing the normal growth of leek plants by controlling the water temperature to be within the range of 42-50 ℃, and even the water temperature is 45-48 ℃, the yield of the leeks can be obviously improved. The invention opens up a new direction for green prevention and control of the underground pests, reasonably and accurately researches the difference of the high temperature resistance of the hosts and the underground pests according to the difference of the high temperature resistance of the hosts and the underground pests, selects the water temperature which does not influence the growth of the hosts and can kill the underground pests, and then utilizes the device to generate the specific warm water for drip irrigation. The technology plays a brand-new promoting role in the aspect of utilizing the tolerance temperature difference between hosts and pests, and provides a new idea for the research and development of novel green prevention and control technologies of other crop pests, such as: as long as the difference of the plant leaf surface and the pests on the instantaneous high temperature is obtained, the invention can be modified into a high-temperature spraying system, and the high-temperature water mist is sprayed instantaneously to knock down the pests on the leaf surface without influencing the leaf surface or the plant growth. The inventor finds out in previous experiments that: the hot pepper spray can kill leaf red spiders, aphids, bemisia tabaci nymphs and the like by instantly spraying water at 80 ℃ on the leaves of the hot pepper without influencing the normal growth of the hot pepper; water with the temperature of 80 ℃ is sprayed on greenhouse cucumber leaves instantly, red spiders, aphids and the like on the leaves can be killed by 100 percent, and the growth of the cucumber leaves is not influenced. The case of killing insects by instantly spraying hot water on the leaves suggests that a novel green control technology or equipment for replacing pesticides can be developed by utilizing the insect prevention concept as long as the difference between host plants and pests can be accurately found to resist high temperature. Therefore, the warm water drip irrigation system is also explained to be not only used for underground pest control, but also used for leaf pest control after being modified, and a new idea for developing a new green prevention and control device is promoted.

Claims (10)

1. A method for preventing and controlling underground pests which are not high temperature resistant through drip irrigation of warm water is characterized by comprising the following steps: drip irrigation to soil near the root system of the Chinese chives by a warm water drip irrigation system with the water temperature between the host lethal temperature and the pest lethal temperature, preferably, the underground pest is the bradysia odoriphaga, and the warm water with the temperature of 42-50 ℃ is selected to be drip irrigation to the soil near the root system of the Chinese chives by the warm water drip irrigation system, wherein each drip irrigation time is 0.5-1 hour.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein: drip irrigation with 42-45 ℃ warm water to soil near the leek root system through a warm water drip irrigation system, wherein the drip irrigation time is 50-60 minutes each time; or selecting 45-48 deg.C warm water, and dripping for 40-50 min each time; or selecting warm water with the temperature of 48-50 ℃, wherein the time of each drip irrigation is 30-40 minutes.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the burette aperture that warm water drip irrigation system adopted is No.1 (in equal to 2.4 mm), No.2 (in equal to 1.4 mm) or No.3 (in equal to 1.0 mm) 3 kinds of models, prefers No.3 (in equal to 1.0 mm) model burette.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein: when in disinsection, the hole distance of the drip irrigation is 20 cm.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the warm water drip irrigation system comprises a warm water generating device, a first self-operated flow control valve, a second self-operated flow control valve, a first water control valve, a second water control valve, a third water control valve, a first temperature measuring valve, a second temperature measuring valve, a third temperature measuring valve, a first cold water pipe, a second cold water pipe, a dropper and a drip irrigation main pipeline; one end of the warm water generating device is provided with a water inlet which is connected with a first cold water pipe of a tap water source through a first water control valve, the other end of the warm water generating device is provided with a hot water outlet which is connected with a first self-operated flow control valve, and the first self-operated flow control valve is sequentially connected with a first temperature measuring valve and the first end of the trifurcate pipeline; a second cold water pipe of the other tap water source is connected with a second self-operated flow control valve, and the second self-operated flow control valve is sequentially connected with a second temperature measuring valve and the second end of the three-fork pipeline; the third end of the trident pipeline is connected with a third temperature measuring valve, and the third temperature measuring valve is sequentially connected with a second water control valve and the main drip irrigation pipeline; the main drip irrigation pipeline is connected with a plurality of drip pipes through a third water control valve.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein: the warm water drip irrigation system also comprises a closed heat preservation device; the main drip irrigation pipeline is wrapped with a heat-insulating sleeve.

7. The method of claim 5 or 6, wherein: when warm water drip irrigation is needed, the first self-operated flow control valve and the second self-operated flow control valve are respectively opened, hot water flow is set to be generated, a power switch is started, hot water and cold water are mixed to reach a preset temperature, and then drip irrigation is carried out on soil near the root system of the Chinese chives through a dropper.

8. A warm water drip irrigation system for preventing and treating underground insects which are not high temperature resistant is characterized in that: the warm water drip irrigation system comprises a warm water generating device, a first self-operated flow control valve, a second self-operated flow control valve, a first water control valve, a second water control valve, a third water control valve, a first temperature measuring valve, a second temperature measuring valve, a third temperature measuring valve, a first cold water pipe, a second cold water pipe, a dropper and a drip irrigation main pipeline; one end of the warm water generating device is provided with a water inlet which is connected with a first cold water pipe of a tap water source through a first water control valve, the other end of the warm water generating device is provided with a hot water outlet which is connected with a first self-operated flow control valve, and the first self-operated flow control valve is sequentially connected with a first temperature measuring valve and the first end of the trifurcate pipeline; a second cold water pipe of the other tap water source is connected with a second self-operated flow control valve, and the second self-operated flow control valve is sequentially connected with a second temperature measuring valve and the second end of the three-fork pipeline; the third end of the trident pipeline is connected with a third temperature measuring valve, and the third temperature measuring valve is sequentially connected with a second water control valve and the main drip irrigation pipeline; the main drip irrigation pipeline is connected with a plurality of drip pipes through a third water control valve.

9. The warm water drip irrigation system according to claim 8, wherein: the drip irrigation system further comprises a closed heat preservation device.

10. The warm water drip irrigation system according to claim 9, wherein: the closed heat preservation device is made of a non-drop plastic film or other soft heat preservation materials, and can be folded and repeatedly used for multiple times; furthermore, a strip-shaped heavy object strip which can be in close contact with the ground is arranged on the periphery of the closed heat-insulating device, and when the closed heat-insulating device covers a field needing drip irrigation, a closed space is formed.

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