CN113462098B - 高强度pvc泡沫及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于PVC材料技术领域,具体的涉及一种高强度PVC泡沫及其制备方法。由PVC树脂混合物、异氰酸酯、聚醚多元醇、4,5‑环氧环己烷‑1,2‑二甲酸二缩水甘油酯、发泡剂、抗氧剂、紫外线吸收剂、丙烯腈‑丁二烯‑苯乙烯共聚物和填料组成;所述的填料由钛酸钾晶须、硫酸钙晶须、聚乙烯醇和空心微珠组成。本发明所述的高强度PVC泡沫,添加丙烯腈‑丁二烯‑苯乙烯共聚物作为抗冲改性剂,增加PVC泡沫的抗冲性能,与PVC树脂的相容性好,通过添加填料,在降低PVC泡沫密度的同时,提高了PVC泡沫的机械强度。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于PVC材料技术领域,具体的涉及一种高强度PVC泡沫及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚氯乙烯材料主要成份为聚氯乙烯,另外加入其他成分来增强其耐热性、韧性、延展性等。它是当今世界上深受喜爱、颇为流行并且也被广泛应用的一种合成材料。它的全球使用量在各种合成材料中高居第二。据统计,仅仅1995年一年,PVC在欧洲的生产量就有五百万吨左右,而其消费量则为五百三十万吨。在德国,PVC的生产量和消费量平均为一百四十万吨,PVC正以4%的增长速度在全世界范围内得到生产和应用。
随着国家节能减排政策的推进,绿色环保能源是未来重点发展方向,风能具有能耗低、环保、储量大的优点,已成为国内外重点发展的能源。风电机组是将风能转化成电能的装置,其中,叶片作为风电机组的核心部件之一,材质仍采用传统的板材、木材等制作叶片,制得的叶片稳定性差,不耐腐蚀、重量大、成本高。因此,需要利用廉价易得、化学稳定性好、耐腐蚀的PVC树脂合成一种低密度、高强度且可用于风电叶片等产业领域的结构泡沫材料,以期代替传统的板材、木材等制作风电叶片,从而减轻重量、降低成本,提高使用价值。现有的用于风电叶片的泡沫仍存在成品率低、产品质量有待提高的缺陷。
发明内容
本发明的目的是:提供一种高强度PVC泡沫。该高强度PVC泡沫密度低,机械强度好。本发明同时提供了其制备方法。
本发明所述的高强度PVC泡沫,由PVC树脂混合物、异氰酸酯、聚醚多元醇、4,5-环氧环己烷-1,2-二甲酸二缩水甘油酯、发泡剂、抗氧剂、紫外线吸收剂、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物和填料组成;所述的填料由钛酸钾晶须、硫酸钙晶须、聚乙烯醇和空心微珠组成。
其中:
优选的,本发明所述的高强度PVC泡沫,以重量份数计,由PVC树脂混合物100份、异氰酸酯40-45份、聚醚多元醇10-12份、4,5-环氧环己烷-1,2-二甲酸二缩水甘油酯10-12份、发泡剂8-10份、抗氧剂0.5-1.5份、紫外线吸收剂0.5-1份、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物5-7份和填料8-10份组成。
优选的,以质量百分数计,所述的填料由钛酸钾晶须20-25%、硫酸钙晶须25-30%、聚乙烯醇20-25%和空心微珠20-25%组成。
所述的填料的制备方法为:将乙醇-硅烷偶联剂KH550混合溶剂加入到钛酸钾晶须和硫酸钙晶须的混合物中,超声震荡30-35min,过滤烘干,得到改性的钛酸钾晶须和硫酸钙晶须,然后与聚乙烯醇和空心微珠按一定比例混合均匀,即得到填料。
钛酸钾晶须和硫酸钙晶须由于表面活性高,在使用过程中容易发生团聚,因此,需要进行改性处理,钛酸钾晶须和硫酸钙晶须作为纤维亚纳米材料,强度高,刚性好,耐摩擦性能好,经改性后,与PVC树脂的相容性好,具有显微增强和很好的填充能力;空心微珠具有质轻、低导热、高强度和很好的化学稳定性,非常容易分散于有机材料体系中,用于增强PVC的韧性,且大大降低了制备的PVC泡沫的密度,聚乙烯醇粉末的加入,除了作为一种增强剂外,还起到了很好的分散作用,使得填料与PVC树脂之间的相容性好。
所述的PVC树脂混合物为SG-7型PVC树脂和SG-8型PVC树脂的混合物。
所述的异氰酸酯为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、碳化二亚胺改性二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或六亚甲基二异氰酸酯中的一种或多种。
所述的聚醚多元醇的官能度为2-5,羟值350-420mgKOH/g。
优选的,所述的聚醚多元醇为聚氧化丙烯醚多元醇。
所述的发泡剂为偶氮二异丁腈、N,N-二亚硝基五亚甲基四胺、碳酸氢钠与氧化锌的混合物。
所述的抗氧剂为双酚基丙烷与亚磷酸三苯酯的混合物。
所述的紫外线吸收剂为水杨酸-4-叔丁基苯酯。
丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物作为抗冲改性剂。
所述的水杨酸-4-叔丁基苯酯与抗氧剂协同配合使用,还起到了很好的耐老化效果。
本发明所述的高强度PVC泡沫的制备方法,由以下步骤组成:
(1)将PVC树脂混合物和丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物搅拌混合均匀,然后加入异氰酸酯、聚醚多元醇、4,5-环氧环己烷-1,2-二甲酸二缩水甘油酯、发泡剂、抗氧剂、紫外线吸收剂和填料混合均匀,总搅拌混合时间为35-45min;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的混合物注入模具内进行模压成型,模压压力为25-30MPa,温度为170-185℃;冷却至室温后开模;
(3)将预发泡体放置于95-100℃的水浴环境中进行发泡,得到半成品泡沫;
(4)将半成品泡沫在80-85℃蒸汽室中进行固化,制备得到高强度PVC泡沫。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明所述的高强度PVC泡沫,添加丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物作为抗冲改性剂,增加PVC泡沫的抗冲性能,与PVC树脂的相容性好,通过添加填料,在降低PVC泡沫密度的同时,提高了PVC泡沫的机械强度。
(2)本发明所述的高强度PVC泡沫,通过对钛酸钾晶须、硫酸钙晶须进行改性后,再与聚乙烯醇和空心微珠进行混合,制备的填料与PVC树脂的相容性好,加入后,大大降低了制备的PVC泡沫的密度,同时提高了制备PVC泡沫的刚性和强度。
(3)本发明所述的高强度PVC泡沫的制备方法,工艺简单,参数易于控制,制备得到的PVC泡沫的密度小,强度高。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
实施例1
本实施例1所述的高强度PVC泡沫,以重量份数计,由PVC树脂混合物100份、异氰酸酯45份、聚醚多元醇12份、4,5-环氧环己烷-1,2-二甲酸二缩水甘油酯10份、发泡剂10份、抗氧剂1.0份、紫外线吸收剂0.5份、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物6份和填料10份组成。
其中:
以质量百分数计,所述的填料由钛酸钾晶须25%、硫酸钙晶须25%、聚乙烯醇25%和空心微珠25%组成。
所述的填料的制备方法为:将乙醇-硅烷偶联剂KH550混合溶剂加入到钛酸钾晶须和硫酸钙晶须的混合物中,超声震荡35min,过滤烘干,得到改性的钛酸钾晶须和硫酸钙晶须,然后与聚乙烯醇和空心微珠按一定比例混合均匀,即得到填料。
钛酸钾晶须和硫酸钙晶须由于表面活性高,在使用过程中容易发生团聚,因此,需要进行改性处理,钛酸钾晶须和硫酸钙晶须作为纤维亚纳米材料,强度高,刚性好,耐摩擦性能好,经改性后,与PVC树脂的相容性好,具有显微增强和很好的填充能力;空心微珠具有质轻、低导热、高强度和很好的化学稳定性,非常容易分散于有机材料体系中,用于增强PVC的韧性,且大大降低了制备的PVC泡沫的密度,聚乙烯醇粉末的加入,除了作为一种增强剂外,还起到了很好的分散作用,使得填料与PVC树脂之间的相容性好。
所述的PVC树脂混合物为SG-7型PVC树脂和SG-8型PVC树脂的混合物。
所述的异氰酸酯为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯。
所述的聚醚多元醇为聚氧化丙烯醚多元醇,以三乙醇胺和甲苯二胺为起始剂,官能度为3.7,羟值为385-415mgKOH/g,中国石化产的TDA-401。
所述的发泡剂为偶氮二异丁腈、N,N-二亚硝基五亚甲基四胺、碳酸氢钠与氧化锌的混合物。
所述的抗氧剂为双酚基丙烷与亚磷酸三苯酯的混合物。
所述的紫外线吸收剂为水杨酸-4-叔丁基苯酯。
丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物作为抗冲改性剂。
所述的水杨酸-4-叔丁基苯酯与抗氧剂协同配合使用,还起到了很好的耐老化效果。
本实施例1所述的高强度PVC泡沫的制备方法,由以下步骤组成:
(1)将PVC树脂混合物和丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物搅拌混合均匀,然后加入异氰酸酯、聚醚多元醇、4,5-环氧环己烷-1,2-二甲酸二缩水甘油酯、发泡剂、抗氧剂、紫外线吸收剂和填料混合均匀,总搅拌混合时间为45min;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的混合物注入模具内进行模压成型,模压压力为30MPa,温度为185℃;冷却至室温后开模;
(3)将预发泡体放置于95℃的水浴环境中进行发泡,得到半成品泡沫;
(4)将半成品泡沫在80℃蒸汽室中进行固化,制备得到高强度PVC泡沫。
实施例2
本实施例2所述的高强度PVC泡沫,以重量份数计,由PVC树脂混合物100份、异氰酸酯43份、聚醚多元醇10份、4,5-环氧环己烷-1,2-二甲酸二缩水甘油酯11份、发泡剂9份、抗氧剂1.5份、紫外线吸收剂0.7份、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物5份和填料8份组成。
其中:
以质量百分数计,所述的填料由钛酸钾晶须25%、硫酸钙晶须30%、聚乙烯醇25%和空心微珠20%组成。
所述的填料的制备方法为:将乙醇-硅烷偶联剂KH550混合溶剂加入到钛酸钾晶须和硫酸钙晶须的混合物中,超声震荡35min,过滤烘干,得到改性的钛酸钾晶须和硫酸钙晶须,然后与聚乙烯醇和空心微珠按一定比例混合均匀,即得到填料。
钛酸钾晶须和硫酸钙晶须由于表面活性高,在使用过程中容易发生团聚,因此,需要进行改性处理,钛酸钾晶须和硫酸钙晶须作为纤维亚纳米材料,强度高,刚性好,耐摩擦性能好,经改性后,与PVC树脂的相容性好,具有显微增强和很好的填充能力;空心微珠具有质轻、低导热、高强度和很好的化学稳定性,非常容易分散于有机材料体系中,用于增强PVC的韧性,且大大降低了制备的PVC泡沫的密度,聚乙烯醇粉末的加入,除了作为一种增强剂外,还起到了很好的分散作用,使得填料与PVC树脂之间的相容性好。
所述的PVC树脂混合物为SG-7型PVC树脂和SG-8型PVC树脂的混合物。
所述的异氰酸酯为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯与碳化二亚胺改性二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的混合物。
所述的聚醚多元醇为聚氧化丙烯醚多元醇,以三乙醇胺和甲苯二胺为起始剂,官能度为3.7,羟值为385-415mgKOH/g,中国石化产的TDA-401。
所述的发泡剂为偶氮二异丁腈、N,N-二亚硝基五亚甲基四胺、碳酸氢钠与氧化锌的混合物。
所述的抗氧剂为双酚基丙烷与亚磷酸三苯酯的混合物。
所述的紫外线吸收剂为水杨酸-4-叔丁基苯酯。
丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物作为抗冲改性剂。
所述的水杨酸-4-叔丁基苯酯与抗氧剂协同配合使用,还起到了很好的耐老化效果。
本实施例2所述的高强度PVC泡沫的制备方法,由以下步骤组成:
(1)将PVC树脂混合物和丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物搅拌混合均匀,然后加入异氰酸酯、聚醚多元醇、4,5-环氧环己烷-1,2-二甲酸二缩水甘油酯、发泡剂、抗氧剂、紫外线吸收剂和填料混合均匀,总搅拌混合时间为40min;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的混合物注入模具内进行模压成型,模压压力为30MPa,温度为185℃;冷却至室温后开模;
(3)将预发泡体放置于95℃的水浴环境中进行发泡,得到半成品泡沫;
(4)将半成品泡沫在80℃蒸汽室中进行固化,制备得到高强度PVC泡沫。
实施例3
本实施例3所述的高强度PVC泡沫,以重量份数计,由PVC树脂混合物100份、异氰酸酯40份、聚醚多元醇11份、4,5-环氧环己烷-1,2-二甲酸二缩水甘油酯12份、发泡剂8份、抗氧剂0.5份、紫外线吸收剂1份、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物7份和填料9份组成。
其中:
以质量百分数计,所述的填料由钛酸钾晶须25%、硫酸钙晶须27%、聚乙烯醇25%和空心微珠23%组成。
所述的填料的制备方法为:将乙醇-硅烷偶联剂KH550混合溶剂加入到钛酸钾晶须和硫酸钙晶须的混合物中,超声震荡35min,过滤烘干,得到改性的钛酸钾晶须和硫酸钙晶须,然后与聚乙烯醇和空心微珠按一定比例混合均匀,即得到填料。
钛酸钾晶须和硫酸钙晶须由于表面活性高,在使用过程中容易发生团聚,因此,需要进行改性处理,钛酸钾晶须和硫酸钙晶须作为纤维亚纳米材料,强度高,刚性好,耐摩擦性能好,经改性后,与PVC树脂的相容性好,具有显微增强和很好的填充能力;空心微珠具有质轻、低导热、高强度和很好的化学稳定性,非常容易分散于有机材料体系中,用于增强PVC的韧性,且大大降低了制备的PVC泡沫的密度,聚乙烯醇粉末的加入,除了作为一种增强剂外,还起到了很好的分散作用,使得填料与PVC树脂之间的相容性好。
所述的PVC树脂混合物为SG-7型PVC树脂和SG-8型PVC树脂的混合物。
所述的异氰酸酯为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯与六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的混合物。
所述的聚醚多元醇为聚氧化丙烯醚多元醇,以三乙醇胺和甲苯二胺为起始剂,官能度为3.7,羟值为385-415mgKOH/g,中国石化产的TDA-401。
所述的发泡剂为偶氮二异丁腈、N,N-二亚硝基五亚甲基四胺、碳酸氢钠与氧化锌的混合物。
所述的抗氧剂为双酚基丙烷与亚磷酸三苯酯的混合物。
所述的紫外线吸收剂为水杨酸-4-叔丁基苯酯。
丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物作为抗冲改性剂。
所述的水杨酸-4-叔丁基苯酯与抗氧剂协同配合使用,还起到了很好的耐老化效果。
本实施例3所述的高强度PVC泡沫的制备方法,由以下步骤组成:
(1)将PVC树脂混合物和丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物搅拌混合均匀,然后加入异氰酸酯、聚醚多元醇、4,5-环氧环己烷-1,2-二甲酸二缩水甘油酯、发泡剂、抗氧剂、紫外线吸收剂和填料混合均匀,总搅拌混合时间为40min;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的混合物注入模具内进行模压成型,模压压力为25MPa,温度为170℃;冷却至室温后开模;
(3)将预发泡体放置于95℃的水浴环境中进行发泡,得到半成品泡沫;
(4)将半成品泡沫在85℃蒸汽室中进行固化,制备得到高强度PVC泡沫。
对比例1
本对比例1所述的高强度PVC泡沫,与实施例1所述的高强度PVC泡沫的制备方法相同,唯一的不同点在于,原料组成不同,本对比例1所述的高强度PVC泡沫,以重量份数计,由PVC树脂混合物100份、异氰酸酯45份、聚醚多元醇12份、4,5-环氧环己烷-1,2-二甲酸二缩水甘油酯10份、发泡剂8份、抗氧剂1.0份、紫外线吸收剂0.5份、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物6份和填料10份组成。
其中:
以质量百分数计,所述的填料由钛酸钾晶须50%和硫酸钙晶须50%组成。
对比例2
本对比例2所述的高强度PVC泡沫,与实施例1所述的高强度PVC泡沫的制备方法相同,唯一的不同点在于,原料组成不同,本对比例2所述的高强度PVC泡沫,以重量份数计,由PVC树脂混合物100份、异氰酸酯45份、聚醚多元醇12份、4,5-环氧环己烷-1,2-二甲酸二缩水甘油酯10份、发泡剂8份、抗氧剂1.0份、紫外线吸收剂0.5份和填料15份组成;以质量百分数计,所述的填料由钛酸钾晶须25%、硫酸钙晶须25%、聚乙烯醇25%和空心微珠25%组成。
对实施例1-3和对比例1-2制备的高强度PVC泡沫进行性能测试,结果如下表1所示:
表1高强度PVC泡沫性能测试结果
项目 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 |
密度/(Kg/m<sup>3</sup>) | 47 | 51 | 53 | 55 | 53 |
拉伸强度/MPa | 1.57 | 1.75 | 1.80 | 1.05 | 0.97 |
压缩强度/MPa | 1.12 | 1.42 | 1.51 | 1.09 | 0.92 |
断裂伸长率/% | 9.81 | 11.15 | 11.67 | 3.69 | 3.41 |
Claims (3)
1.一种高强度PVC泡沫,其特征在于:以重量份数计,由PVC树脂混合物100份、异氰酸酯40-45份、聚醚多元醇10-12份、4,5-环氧环己烷-1,2-二甲酸二缩水甘油酯10-12份、发泡剂8-10份、抗氧剂0.5-1.5份、紫外线吸收剂0.5-1份、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物5-7份和填料8-10份组成;以质量百分数计,所述的填料由钛酸钾晶须20-25%、硫酸钙晶须25-30%、聚乙烯醇20-25%和空心微珠 20-25%组成;
其中:
所述的填料的制备方法为:将乙醇-硅烷偶联剂KH550混合溶剂加入到钛酸钾晶须和硫酸钙晶须的混合物中,超声震荡30-35min,过滤烘干,得到改性的钛酸钾晶须和硫酸钙晶须,然后与聚乙烯醇和空心微珠按一定比例混合均匀,即得到填料;
所述的PVC树脂混合物为SG-7型PVC树脂和SG-8型PVC树脂的混合物;
所述的异氰酸酯为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、碳化二亚胺改性二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或六亚甲基二异氰酸酯中的一种或多种;
所述的聚醚多元醇为聚氧化丙烯醚多元醇;
所述的发泡剂为偶氮二异丁腈、N,N-二亚硝基五亚甲基四胺、碳酸氢钠与氧化锌的混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高强度PVC泡沫,其特征在于:所述的抗氧剂为双酚基丙烷与亚磷酸三苯酯的混合物;所述的紫外线吸收剂为水杨酸-4-叔丁基苯酯。
3.一种根据权利要求1所述的高强度PVC泡沫的制备方法,其特征在于:由以下步骤组成:
(1)将PVC树脂混合物和丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物搅拌混合均匀,然后加入异氰酸酯、聚醚多元醇、4,5-环氧环己烷-1,2-二甲酸二缩水甘油酯、发泡剂、抗氧剂、紫外线吸收剂和填料混合均匀,总搅拌混合时间为35-45min;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的混合物注入模具内进行模压成型,模压压力为25-30MPa,温度为170-185℃;冷却至室温后开模;
(3)将预发泡体放置于95-100℃的水浴环境中进行发泡,得到半成品泡沫;
(4)将半成品泡沫在80-85℃蒸汽室中进行固化,制备得到高强度PVC泡沫。
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