CN104558484A - 一种增强型阻燃硬质聚氨酯复合材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种增强型阻燃硬质聚氨酯复合材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN104558484A
CN104558484A CN201310467797.1A CN201310467797A CN104558484A CN 104558484 A CN104558484 A CN 104558484A CN 201310467797 A CN201310467797 A CN 201310467797A CN 104558484 A CN104558484 A CN 104558484A
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李世伟
宫克难
贾宇冲
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Heilongjiang Xinda Enterprise Group Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种增强型阻燃硬质聚氨酯复合材料的制备方法，其特点是在常温下，将充分干燥后的聚醚多元醇加入反应器中，然后加入阻燃剂、三乙醇胺、硅油、水以及有机锡，并且将其混合均匀，待混合均匀后逐渐加入增强材料，并采用强力搅拌器进行充分混合，待增强材料充分混合后，再加入已干燥的异氰酸酯并强力搅拌至开始反应，即观察到开始有少量的气泡产生后，迅速将物料灌注入模具中，并进行合模，使得化学反应迅速进行，再胀定、固化及开模等步骤得到成品，即增强型阻燃硬质聚氨酯复合材料。产品在高铁、工业、建筑业、交通运输业、航海工业、航天工业以及体育用品等领域得到广泛的应用。

Description

一种增强型阻燃硬质聚氨酯复合材料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种增强型阻燃硬质聚氨酯复合材料的制备方法，属于聚合物发泡材料领域。
背景技术
聚氨酯材料具有质量轻、韧性好、固化快、无苯乙烯烟雾、隔热、隔音、缓冲、比强度高、性价比优越等优点，使得聚氨酯复合材料越来越受到人们关注，同时，也是世界上应用范围最广，产量增长最快的塑料材料之一。聚氨酯的成型技术主要有结构反应注射法、拉挤、缠绕、真空灌注、长纤维喷射法以及模塑成型法等，因此，聚氨酯复合材料在高铁、工业、建筑业、交通运输业、航海工业、航天工业以及体育用品等领域得到广泛的应用。
一般来说，聚氨酯材料的增强改性主要是通过添加各种增强材料，以此来增加聚氨酯材料的强度，但是，添加不同增强材料对聚氨酯材料的强度影响较大，如使用增强材料不当，不仅会浪费成本，还会使得聚氨酯材料的强度达不到所需指标，因此，本发明旨在阐述一种增强型阻燃硬质聚氨酯复合材料的制备方法，利用不同增强材料对聚氨酯进行增强改性，以获得增强型阻燃硬质聚氨酯复合材料。
发明内容
本发明公开了一种增强型阻燃硬质聚氨酯复合材料的制备方法，以获得高强度阻燃型聚氨酯复合材料，满足有关领域发展的需要。其特点是所制备的增强型阻燃硬质聚氨酯复合材料，可用于高铁领域生产聚氨酯枕木、汽车工业领域生产大型零部件以及在日用品领域生产浴缸等。
本发明的方法包括如下步骤：
在常温下，将充分干燥后的聚醚多元醇加入反应器中，然后加入阻燃剂、三乙醇胺、硅油、水以及有机锡，并且将其混合均匀，待混合均匀后逐渐加入增强材料，并采用强力搅拌器进行充分混合，待增强材料充分混合后，再加入已干燥的异氰酸酯并强力搅拌至开始反应，即观察到开始有少量的气泡产生后，迅速将物料灌注入模具中，并进行合模，使得化学反应迅速进行，再胀定、固化及开模等步骤得到成品，即增强型阻燃硬质聚氨酯复合材料。
其中各组分的添加量如下：
聚醚多元醇：25—48%；
异氰酸酯：26—48%；
阻燃剂：5—10%；
三乙醇胺：0.2—1%；
硅油：0.5—2%；
水：适量
有机锡：0.2—1%；
增强材料：0—40%
具体实施方式：
下面通过实施例对本发明进行具体描述，有必要再指出的是本实施例只用于对本说明进一步说明，不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制。
实施例1：
在常温下，将充分干燥后的25%质量份聚醚多元醇加入反应器中，然后加入5%质量份的阻燃剂、0.5%质量份三乙醇胺、2%质量份硅油、水以及0.5%质量份有机锡，并且将其混合均匀，待混合均匀后逐渐加入增强材料，并采用强力搅拌器进行充分混合，待40%质量份增强材料（其中短切玻纤为30%、玻璃微珠为10%）充分混合后，再加入已干燥的26%质量份异氰酸酯并强力搅拌至开始反应，即观察到开始有少量的气泡产生后，迅速将物料灌注入模具中，并进行合模，使得化学反应迅速进行，再胀定、固化（大约在100℃、4h）及开模等步骤得到增强型阻燃硬质聚氨酯复合材料，并且硬质聚氨酯的泡孔均匀细腻。
实施例2：
在常温下，将充分干燥后的30%质量份聚醚多元醇加入反应器中，然后加入5%质量份的阻燃剂、0.2%质量份三乙醇胺、2%质量份硅油、水以及0.8%质量份有机锡，并且将其混合均匀，待混合均匀后逐渐加入增强材料，并采用强力搅拌器进行充分混合，待30%质量份增强材料（其中短切玻纤为15%、玻璃微珠为15%）充分混合后，再加入已干燥的32%质量份异氰酸酯并强力搅拌至开始反应，即观察到开始有少量的气泡产生后，迅速将物料灌注入模具中，并进行合模，使得化学反应迅速进行，再胀定、固化（大约在110℃、4h）及开模等步骤得到增强型阻燃硬质聚氨酯复合材料，并且硬质聚氨酯的泡孔均匀细腻。具体实例配方的检测方法及检测结果见表1。
表1具体实例配方检测方法和结果
检测项目 检测方法 单位 1# 2#
密度 GB/T6343—95 kg/m3 840 768
拉伸强度 GB6344—96 MPa 38 32
压缩强度 GB/T8812—88 MPa 26 21
弯曲强度 GB/T8812—88 MPa 42 37
吸水率 GB/T8810—88 mg/m2 7.2 6.8

Claims (6)

1.一种增强型阻燃硬质聚氨酯复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，由混合物组成，其中各组分的添加量为：聚醚多元醇：25-48%；异氰酸酯：26-48%；阻燃剂：5-10%；三乙醇胺：0.2-1%；硅油：0.5-2%；水：适量有机锡：0.2-1%；增强材料：0-40%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种增强型阻燃硬质聚氨酯复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于所述的聚醚多元醇为阻燃型聚醚多元醇、接枝型聚醚多元醇及活性聚醚多元醇中的任一种或几种的混合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种增强型阻燃硬质聚氨酯复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于所述的阻燃剂为三氧化二锑、氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝及硅系阻燃剂中的任一种或几种的混合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种增强型阻燃硬质聚氨酯复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于所述的增强材料为短切玻纤、天然纤维、短切碳纤、玻璃微珠及芳纶纤维中的任一种或几种的混合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种增强型阻燃硬质聚氨酯复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于所述的异氰酸酯为单异氰酸酯、二异氰酸酯及多异氰酸酯中的任一种或几种的混合物。
6.一种增强型阻燃硬质聚氨酯复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于该方法包括以下步骤：在常温下，将充分干燥后的聚醚多元醇加入反应器中，然后加入阻燃剂、三乙醇胺、硅油、水以及有机锡，并且将其混合均匀，待混合均匀后逐渐加入增强材料，并采用强力搅拌器进行充分混合，待增强材料充分混合后，再加入已干燥的异氰酸酯并强力搅拌至开始反应，即观察到开始有少量的气泡产生后，迅速将物料灌注入模具中，并进行合模，使得化学反应迅速进行，再胀定、固化及开模等步骤得到成品，即增强型阻燃硬质聚氨酯复合材料。
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104877106A (zh) * 2015-06-05 2015-09-02 苏州市湘园特种精细化工有限公司 一种阻燃硬质泡沫材料及其制备方法
CN105294990A (zh) * 2015-10-23 2016-02-03 芜湖德鑫汽车部件有限公司 汽车仪表板护板及其制备方法
CN108084399A (zh) * 2017-12-12 2018-05-29 安徽威朗化工科技有限公司 一种高硬度硬质聚氨酯泡沫原料组合物

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