CN106916275A - 一种复合改性聚氨酯型泡沫塑料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种复合改性聚氨酯型泡沫塑料及其制备方法。制备方法如下:(1)制备改性粉煤灰;(2)制备羟基化改性木质素;(3)称取原料;(4)将聚酯多元醇、三乙醇胺、辛酸亚锡、吐温80、碳酸钙、交联剂蔗糖、淀粉纳米晶体、纤维素纳米晶须、羟基化改性木质素、改性粉煤灰置于料罐中,高速搅拌,混合均匀,加入多异氰酸酯,继续搅拌,注入模具中发泡,再连同模具一起放入烘箱中,热烘后降温至室温,即得聚氨酯泡沫塑料。本发明的复合改性聚氨酯型泡沫塑料具有很高的力学性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及泡沫塑料材料领域,具体涉及一种复合改性聚氨酯型泡沫塑料及其制备方法。
背景技术
泡沫塑料是以塑料为基本组分并含有大量气泡的聚合物材料,因此也可以说是以气体为填料的复合塑料。与纯塑料相比,它具有很多优良的性能,如质轻、比强度高、可吸收冲击载荷、隔热和隔音性能好等。因而在工业、农业、建筑、交通运输等领域得到了广泛应用。泡沫塑料自问世以来,其用途日益广泛,品种不断丰富,其中较为常见的传统泡沫塑料主要有聚氨酯(PUR)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚乙烯(PE)、酚醛树脂(PF)等品种。聚氨酯泡沫塑料是以异氰酸酯和聚醚(或聚酯)多元醇为主要成分,经发泡而成的泡沫材料,具有质轻、隔热,优良的力学性能及耐化学腐蚀性能等特点,在满足力学性能和抗热变形性能的基础上,易于加工,成本低,生产效率高,从而被广泛用作石油化工管道,交通运输,制冷装置等领域,以及建筑物的保温隔热材料。泡沫塑料因其特有的性能,在国民经济各领域得到广泛应用。但是,科学技术的不断发展对其提出更高的要求。
发明内容
要解决的技术问题:本发明的目的是提供一种复合改性聚氨酯型泡沫塑料,力学性能相比现有技术有很大的提高。
技术方案:一种复合改性聚氨酯型泡沫塑料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将1 mol/L NaOH溶液与经活化的粉煤灰按固液比1∶15混合,在90℃下搅拌8-20 h,然后水洗至中性、抽滤,恒温干燥箱110 ℃烘干后加入壳聚糖醋酸溶液中,搅拌20-80 min,同时滴加1.25mol/L NaOH溶液,使pH为8-9,慢速搅拌20min,水洗至中性、抽滤,恒温干燥箱110℃烘干,研磨过180目筛,制得改性粉煤灰;
(2)将碱木质素和30wt%双氧水按1:( 1-1.4)混合,然后加入0.5-3wt%的Fe(OH)3,反应温度为50-60℃,时间为40-60min,反应结束后,离心,用盐酸处理,令木质素析出,反复洗涤至中性,烘干得羟基化改性木质素;
(3)按重量份称取:聚酯多元醇90-105份、三乙醇胺0.1-0.3份、辛酸亚锡0.4-0.6份、吐温801-1.5份、碳酸钙1-1.5份、交联剂蔗糖4-8份、多异氰酸酯100-115份、淀粉纳米晶体10-25份、纤维素纳米晶须15-30份、羟基化改性木质素35-55份、改性粉煤灰20-40份;
(4)将聚酯多元醇、三乙醇胺、辛酸亚锡、吐温80、碳酸钙、交联剂蔗糖、淀粉纳米晶体、纤维素纳米晶须、羟基化改性木质素、改性粉煤灰置于料罐中,高速搅拌25min,搅拌速度为1200-1800r/min,混合均匀,加入多异氰酸酯,继续搅拌10-60s,控制反应温度在25-30℃,注入到预热温度为80℃的模具中发泡,再连同模具一起放入110℃烘箱中,烘4-5h 后降温至室温,即得聚氨酯泡沫塑料。
进一步的,所述的一种复合改性聚氨酯型泡沫塑料的制备方法,所述步骤(1)中活化粉煤灰为过150-220目筛分后马弗炉300 ℃活化30min。
进一步的,所述的一种复合改性聚氨酯型泡沫塑料的制备方法,所述步骤(1)中搅拌时间为12-18h。
进一步的,所述的一种复合改性聚氨酯型泡沫塑料的制备方法,所述步骤(2)中碱木质素和30wt%双氧水混合比例为1:1.2,Fe(OH)3的质量分数为2wt%,反应温度为55℃,时间为50min。
进一步的,所述的一种复合改性聚氨酯型泡沫塑料的制备方法,所述步骤(3)中按重量份称取:聚酯多元醇95-105份、三乙醇胺0.2-0.3份、辛酸亚锡0.4-0.5份、吐温80为1.1-1.4份、碳酸钙1.1-1.3份、交联剂蔗糖5-6份、多异氰酸酯105-115份、淀粉纳米晶体15-20份、纤维素纳米晶须20-25份、羟基化改性木质素40-50份、改性粉煤灰25-35份。
进一步的,所述的一种复合改性聚氨酯型泡沫塑料的制备方法,所述步骤(4)中搅拌速度为1400-1600r/min,加入多异氰酸酯后继续搅拌20-40s,反应温度为28℃。
上述一种复合改性聚氨酯型泡沫塑料,所述复合改性聚氨酯型泡沫塑料是由上述任一项所述的方法制备而成。
有益效果:本发明的复合改性聚氨酯型泡沫塑料具有很高的压缩模量,最高可达29.24MPa,拉伸强度可达0.65MPa,断裂伸长率可达295.26%。这是由于改性的两种填料与热塑性聚氨酯的相互作用主要是氢键作用,也就是填料表面的活性基团(主要是-OH)与聚氨酯分子之间形成氢键。除了氢键作用外,填料表面的活性基团与未固化的聚氨酯树脂间还有一定的化学作用。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种复合改性聚氨酯型泡沫塑料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:(1)将1 mol/L NaOH溶液与经活化的粉煤灰按固液比1∶15混合,在90℃下搅拌8h,然后水洗至中性、抽滤,恒温干燥箱110 ℃烘干后加入壳聚糖醋酸溶液中,搅拌80min,同时滴加1.25mol/L NaOH溶液,使pH为8,慢速搅拌20min,水洗至中性、抽滤,恒温干燥箱110℃烘干,研磨过180目筛,制得改性粉煤灰;(2)将碱木质素和30wt%双氧水按1: 1混合,然后加入3wt%的Fe(OH)3,反应温度为50℃,时间为60min,反应结束后,离心,用盐酸处理,令木质素析出,反复洗涤至中性,烘干得羟基化改性木质素;(3)按重量份称取:聚酯多元醇90份、三乙醇胺0.1份、辛酸亚锡0.4份、吐温80为1.5份、碳酸钙1.5份、交联剂蔗糖4份、多异氰酸酯100份、淀粉纳米晶体10份、纤维素纳米晶须30份、羟基化改性木质素35份、改性粉煤灰40份;(4)将聚酯多元醇、三乙醇胺、辛酸亚锡、吐温80、碳酸钙、交联剂蔗糖、淀粉纳米晶体、纤维素纳米晶须、羟基化改性木质素、改性粉煤灰置于料罐中,高速搅拌25min,搅拌速度为1200r/min,混合均匀,加入多异氰酸酯,继续搅拌60s,控制反应温度在25℃,注入到预热温度为80℃的模具中发泡,再连同模具一起放入110℃烘箱中,烘4h后降温至室温,即得聚氨酯泡沫塑料。
实施例2
一种复合改性聚氨酯型泡沫塑料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:(1)将1 mol/L NaOH溶液与经活化的粉煤灰按固液比1∶15混合,在90℃下搅拌20h,然后水洗至中性、抽滤,恒温干燥箱110 ℃烘干后加入壳聚糖醋酸溶液中,搅拌20min,同时滴加1.25mol/L NaOH溶液,使pH为9,慢速搅拌20min,水洗至中性、抽滤,恒温干燥箱110℃烘干,研磨过180目筛,制得改性粉煤灰;(2)将碱木质素和30wt%双氧水按1: 1.4混合,然后加入0.5wt%的Fe(OH)3,反应温度为60℃,时间为40min,反应结束后,离心,用盐酸处理,令木质素析出,反复洗涤至中性,烘干得羟基化改性木质素;(3)按重量份称取:聚酯多元醇105份、三乙醇胺0.3份、辛酸亚锡0.6份、吐温80为1份、碳酸钙1份、交联剂蔗糖8份、多异氰酸酯115份、淀粉纳米晶体25份、纤维素纳米晶须15份、羟基化改性木质素55份、改性粉煤灰20份;(4)将聚酯多元醇、三乙醇胺、辛酸亚锡、吐温80、碳酸钙、交联剂蔗糖、淀粉纳米晶体、纤维素纳米晶须、羟基化改性木质素、改性粉煤灰置于料罐中,高速搅拌25min,搅拌速度为1800r/min,混合均匀,加入多异氰酸酯,继续搅拌10s,控制反应温度在30℃,注入到预热温度为80℃的模具中发泡,再连同模具一起放入110℃烘箱中,烘5h后降温至室温,即得聚氨酯泡沫塑料。
实施例3
一种复合改性聚氨酯型泡沫塑料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:(1)将1 mol/L NaOH溶液与经活化的粉煤灰按固液比1∶15混合,在90℃下搅拌12h,然后水洗至中性、抽滤,恒温干燥箱110 ℃烘干后加入壳聚糖醋酸溶液中,搅拌80min,同时滴加1.25mol/L NaOH溶液,使pH为8,慢速搅拌20min,水洗至中性、抽滤,恒温干燥箱110℃烘干,研磨过180目筛,制得改性粉煤灰;(2)将碱木质素和30wt%双氧水按1:1.2混合,然后加入2wt%的Fe(OH)3,反应温度为55℃,时间为50min,反应结束后,离心,用盐酸处理,令木质素析出,反复洗涤至中性,烘干得羟基化改性木质素;(3)按重量份称取:聚酯多元醇95份、三乙醇胺0.2份、辛酸亚锡0.5份、吐温80为1.4份、碳酸钙1.1份、交联剂蔗糖5份、多异氰酸酯105份、淀粉纳米晶体15份、纤维素纳米晶须25份、羟基化改性木质素40份、改性粉煤灰25份;(4)将聚酯多元醇、三乙醇胺、辛酸亚锡、吐温80、碳酸钙、交联剂蔗糖、淀粉纳米晶体、纤维素纳米晶须、羟基化改性木质素、改性粉煤灰置于料罐中,高速搅拌25min,搅拌速度为1400r/min,混合均匀,加入多异氰酸酯,继续搅拌40s,控制反应温度在28℃,注入到预热温度为80℃的模具中发泡,再连同模具一起放入110℃烘箱中,烘4h后降温至室温,即得聚氨酯泡沫塑料。
实施例4
一种复合改性聚氨酯型泡沫塑料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:(1)将1 mol/L NaOH溶液与经活化的粉煤灰按固液比1∶15混合,在90℃下搅拌18h,然后水洗至中性、抽滤,恒温干燥箱110 ℃烘干后加入壳聚糖醋酸溶液中,搅拌20min,同时滴加1.25mol/L NaOH溶液,使pH为9,慢速搅拌20min,水洗至中性、抽滤,恒温干燥箱110℃烘干,研磨过180目筛,制得改性粉煤灰;(2)将碱木质素和30wt%双氧水按1:1.2混合,然后加入2wt%的Fe(OH)3,反应温度为55℃,时间为50min,反应结束后,离心,用盐酸处理,令木质素析出,反复洗涤至中性,烘干得羟基化改性木质素;(3)按重量份称取:聚酯多元醇105份、三乙醇胺0.3份、辛酸亚锡0.4份、吐温80为1.1份、碳酸钙1.3份、交联剂蔗糖6份、多异氰酸酯115份、淀粉纳米晶体20份、纤维素纳米晶须20份、羟基化改性木质素50份、改性粉煤灰35份;(4)将聚酯多元醇、三乙醇胺、辛酸亚锡、吐温80、碳酸钙、交联剂蔗糖、淀粉纳米晶体、纤维素纳米晶须、羟基化改性木质素、改性粉煤灰置于料罐中,高速搅拌25min,搅拌速度为1600r/min,混合均匀,加入多异氰酸酯,继续搅拌20s,控制反应温度在28℃,注入到预热温度为80℃的模具中发泡,再连同模具一起放入110℃烘箱中,烘5h后降温至室温,即得聚氨酯泡沫塑料。
实施例5
一种复合改性聚氨酯型泡沫塑料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:(1)将1 mol/L NaOH溶液与经活化的粉煤灰按固液比1∶15混合,在90℃下搅拌15 h,然后水洗至中性、抽滤,恒温干燥箱110 ℃烘干后加入壳聚糖醋酸溶液中,搅拌45 min,同时滴加1.25mol/L NaOH溶液,使pH为9,慢速搅拌20min,水洗至中性、抽滤,恒温干燥箱110℃烘干,研磨过180目筛,制得改性粉煤灰;(2)将碱木质素和30wt%双氧水按1:1.2混合,然后加入2wt%的Fe(OH)3,反应温度为55℃,时间为50min,反应结束后,离心,用盐酸处理,令木质素析出,反复洗涤至中性,烘干得羟基化改性木质素;(3)按重量份称取:聚酯多元醇100份、三乙醇胺0.25份、辛酸亚锡0.45份、吐温80为1.3份、碳酸钙1.2份、交联剂蔗糖6份、多异氰酸酯110份、淀粉纳米晶体18份、纤维素纳米晶须22份、羟基化改性木质素45份、改性粉煤灰30份;(4)将聚酯多元醇、三乙醇胺、辛酸亚锡、吐温80、碳酸钙、交联剂蔗糖、淀粉纳米晶体、纤维素纳米晶须、羟基化改性木质素、改性粉煤灰置于料罐中,高速搅拌25min,搅拌速度为1500r/min,混合均匀,加入多异氰酸酯,继续搅拌30s,控制反应温度在28℃,注入到预热温度为80℃的模具中发泡,再连同模具一起放入110℃烘箱中,烘5h后降温至室温,即得聚氨酯泡沫塑料。
对比例1
一种复合改性聚氨酯型泡沫塑料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:(1)将碱木质素和30wt%双氧水按1: 1混合,然后加入3wt%的Fe(OH)3,反应温度为50℃,时间为60min,反应结束后,离心,用盐酸处理,令木质素析出,反复洗涤至中性,烘干得羟基化改性木质素;(2)按重量份称取:聚酯多元醇90份、三乙醇胺0.1份、辛酸亚锡0.4份、吐温80为1.5份、碳酸钙1.5份、交联剂蔗糖4份、多异氰酸酯100份、淀粉纳米晶体10份、纤维素纳米晶须30份、羟基化改性木质素35份;(3)将聚酯多元醇、三乙醇胺、辛酸亚锡、吐温80、碳酸钙、交联剂蔗糖、淀粉纳米晶体、纤维素纳米晶须、羟基化改性木质素置于料罐中,高速搅拌25min,搅拌速度为1200r/min,混合均匀,加入多异氰酸酯,继续搅拌60s,控制反应温度在25℃,注入到预热温度为80℃的模具中发泡,再连同模具一起放入110℃烘箱中,烘4h后降温至室温,即得聚氨酯泡沫塑料。
对比例2
一种复合改性聚氨酯型泡沫塑料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:(1)将1 mol/L NaOH溶液与经活化的粉煤灰按固液比1∶15混合,在90℃下搅拌20h,然后水洗至中性、抽滤,恒温干燥箱110 ℃烘干后加入壳聚糖醋酸溶液中,搅拌20min,同时滴加1.25mol/L NaOH溶液,使pH为9,慢速搅拌20min,水洗至中性、抽滤,恒温干燥箱110℃烘干,研磨过180目筛,制得改性粉煤灰;(2)按重量份称取:聚酯多元醇105份、三乙醇胺0.3份、辛酸亚锡0.6份、吐温80为1份、碳酸钙1份、交联剂蔗糖8份、多异氰酸酯115份、淀粉纳米晶体25份、纤维素纳米晶须15份、改性粉煤灰20份;(3)将聚酯多元醇、三乙醇胺、辛酸亚锡、吐温80、碳酸钙、交联剂蔗糖、淀粉纳米晶体、纤维素纳米晶须、改性粉煤灰置于料罐中,高速搅拌25min,搅拌速度为1800r/min,混合均匀,加入多异氰酸酯,继续搅拌10s,控制反应温度在30℃,注入到预热温度为80℃的模具中发泡,再连同模具一起放入110℃烘箱中,烘5h后降温至室温,即得聚氨酯泡沫塑料。
本发明材料的各项性能指标见下表,我们可以看到本复合改性聚氨酯型泡沫塑料具有很高的压缩模量,最高可达29.24MPa,拉伸强度可达0.65MPa,断裂伸长率可达295.26%。这是由于改性的两种填料与热塑性聚氨酯的相互作用主要是氢键作用,也就是填料表面的活性基团(主要是-OH)与聚氨酯分子之间形成氢键。除了氢键作用外,填料表面的活性基团与未固化的聚氨酯树脂间还有一定的化学作用。
表1 复合改性聚氨酯型泡沫塑料的各项性能指标
Claims (7)
1.一种复合改性聚氨酯型泡沫塑料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将1 mol/L NaOH溶液与经活化的粉煤灰按固液比1∶15混合,在90℃下搅拌8-20 h,然后水洗至中性、抽滤,恒温干燥箱110 ℃烘干后加入壳聚糖醋酸溶液中,搅拌20-80 min,同时滴加1.25mol/L NaOH溶液,使pH为8-9,慢速搅拌20min,水洗至中性、抽滤,恒温干燥箱110℃烘干,研磨过180目筛,制得改性粉煤灰;
(2)将碱木质素和30wt%双氧水按1:( 1-1.4)混合,然后加入0.5-3wt%的Fe(OH)3,反应温度为50-60℃,时间为40-60min,反应结束后,离心,用盐酸处理,令木质素析出,反复洗涤至中性,烘干得羟基化改性木质素;
(3)按重量份称取:聚酯多元醇90-105份、三乙醇胺0.1-0.3份、辛酸亚锡0.4-0.6份、吐温801-1.5份、碳酸钙1-1.5份、交联剂蔗糖4-8份、多异氰酸酯100-115份、淀粉纳米晶体10-25份、纤维素纳米晶须15-30份、羟基化改性木质素35-55份、改性粉煤灰20-40份;
(4)将聚酯多元醇、三乙醇胺、辛酸亚锡、吐温80、碳酸钙、交联剂蔗糖、淀粉纳米晶体、纤维素纳米晶须、羟基化改性木质素、改性粉煤灰置于料罐中,高速搅拌25min,搅拌速度为1200-1800r/min,混合均匀,加入多异氰酸酯,继续搅拌10-60s,控制反应温度在25-30℃,注入到预热温度为80℃的模具中发泡,再连同模具一起放入110℃烘箱中,烘4-5h 后降温至室温,即得聚氨酯泡沫塑料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种复合改性聚氨酯型泡沫塑料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中活化粉煤灰为过150-220目筛分后马弗炉300 ℃活化30min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种复合改性聚氨酯型泡沫塑料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中搅拌时间为12-18h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种复合改性聚氨酯型泡沫塑料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中碱木质素和30wt%双氧水混合比例为1:1.2,Fe(OH)3的质量分数为2wt%,反应温度为55℃,时间为50min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种复合改性聚氨酯型泡沫塑料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中按重量份称取:聚酯多元醇95-105份、三乙醇胺0.2-0.3份、辛酸亚锡0.4-0.5份、吐温80为1.1-1.4份、碳酸钙1.1-1.3份、交联剂蔗糖5-6份、多异氰酸酯105-115份、淀粉纳米晶体15-20份、纤维素纳米晶须20-25份、羟基化改性木质素40-50份、改性粉煤灰25-35份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种复合改性聚氨酯型泡沫塑料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)中搅拌速度为1400-1600r/min,加入多异氰酸酯后继续搅拌20-40s,反应温度为28℃。
7.一种复合改性聚氨酯型泡沫塑料,其特征在于:所述复合改性聚氨酯型泡沫塑料是由权利要求1-6任一项所述的方法制备而成。
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