CN113456608B - 一种阿拉伯胶空心纳米胶囊及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种阿拉伯胶空心纳米胶囊及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113456608B CN113456608B CN202110774992.3A CN202110774992A CN113456608B CN 113456608 B CN113456608 B CN 113456608B CN 202110774992 A CN202110774992 A CN 202110774992A CN 113456608 B CN113456608 B CN 113456608B
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- cyclodextrin
- solution
- hollow
- gum
- acacia
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- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种阿拉伯胶空心胶囊,其制备方法包括如下步骤:(1)配制阿拉伯胶溶液;(2)将环糊精溶于氢氧化钾溶液中,加入淀粉,经分散、过滤、保温后,再加入乙醇保温,得到环糊精金属框架溶液;(3)将步骤(2)制备的环糊精金属框架溶液滴加到步骤(1)制备的阿拉伯胶溶液中,混合后,加酶水解,加入乙醇离心,干燥即得阿拉伯胶空心纳米胶囊。本发明制备的阿拉伯胶空心胶囊采用生物基材料环糊精作为模板,相容性好,不需要强烈的反应条件,更加安全、绿色,制备的阿拉伯胶纳米空心胶囊对活性成分具有较高的装载能力,可用作多酚活性成分或者药物的纳米载体。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纳米材料制备领域,特别涉及一种阿拉伯胶空心纳米胶囊及其制备方法和应用
背景技术
近年来,空心纳米胶囊作为一种纳米载体用于装载和控释活性成分,提高活性成分的稳定性及生物利用率受到了广泛的关注和研究。目前,空心纳米胶囊的制备多是采用金属或金属氧化物纳米颗粒为模板制作,在去除模板时通常需要强酸、强碱等激烈的反应条件,并且金属或金属氧化物纳米颗粒的生物相容性差,残留在人体中会对人体健康造成潜在的威胁。因此,采用生物基材料为模板,通过简单、安全、无污染的方法制备空心纳米载体,将在食品、医药、化妆品等领域具有更广阔的应用前景。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种以环糊精金属有机框架为模板制备阿拉伯胶纳米空心胶囊的制备及应用。本发明采用天然安全的碱性金属钾离子作为骨架的链接离子,通过晶种诱导法制备环糊精金属有机框架,并以此为模板,制备空心纳米胶囊,制备的纳米空心胶囊对活性成分具有较高的装载能力,用作多酚活性成分或者药物的纳米载体。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种阿拉伯胶空心纳米胶囊,所述空心纳米胶囊的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)配制阿拉伯胶溶液;
(2)将环糊精溶于氢氧化钾溶液中,加入淀粉,经分散、过滤、取滤液保温后,加入乙醇保温后,再次加入乙醇,继续保温,得到环糊精金属框架溶液;
(3)将步骤(2)制备的环糊精金属框架溶液滴加到步骤(1)制备的阿拉伯胶溶液中,混合后,加酶水解,向水解后的溶液中加入乙醇后离心,收集下层沉淀,再次加入乙醇离心,干燥即得阿拉伯胶空心纳米胶囊。
进一步地,步骤(1)中所述阿拉伯胶溶液中阿拉伯胶的质量浓度为0.1~0.5%。
进一步地,步骤(2)中,所述环糊精为纯度大于99%;所述环糊精为α-环糊精、β-环糊精、γ-环糊精中的一种或多种;所述氢氧化钾溶液中氢氧化钾的摩尔浓度为8~40mM;所述环糊精与氢氧化钾的摩尔比为1:8~12。
进一步地,步骤(2)中,所述淀粉为经过脱支处理的玉米淀粉、木薯淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、豌豆淀粉中的一种或多种;所述淀粉与环糊精的质量比为1:15~30。
进一步地,步骤(2)中,所述分散是使用超声分散5~10min;所述过滤为过0.22~0.45μm的水系膜;所述保温均为50~60℃下保温1~6h。
进一步地,步骤(2)中,所述乙醇均为无水乙醇,两次加入的总体积为25~105mL。
进一步地,步骤(3)中,所述滴加的速度为0.1~1mL/min;阿拉伯胶溶液与环糊精金属框架溶液的质量比为0.3~1.3:1;所述混合的时间为10~30min。
进一步地,步骤(3)中,所述酶为环糊精葡萄糖转移酶,酶活为2000U/mL,用量为0.3~1.0mL;所述水解的温度为20~50℃,时间为10~30min。
进一步地,步骤(3)中,所述乙醇为均无水乙醇,用量为均水解后溶液体积的2~4倍;所述离心的速度均为3000~5000r/min,时间均为10~30min;所述干燥为真空干燥,温度为45~60℃,时间为24~48h。
一种所述阿拉伯空心纳米胶囊的应用,所述阿拉伯空心纳米胶囊用于包埋酚类物质。
本发明有益的技术效果在于:
(1)本发明采用生物基材料环糊精作为模板,相容性好,并且不需要强烈的反应条件,更加安全、绿色。
(2)本发明采用晶种诱导法,晶种的添加起到一个结晶启动子的作用,当引入晶种后,环糊精分子与晶种的羟基发生相互作用,使其更容易吸附在晶体的表面,从而更快的形成晶核,制备出粒径更小的环糊精金属有机框架,通过控制颗粒的生长时间来制备粒径可控的环糊精金属有机框架,进而控制空心纳米胶囊的尺寸,可以实现纳米胶囊在不同领域的应用。
(3)本发明通过环糊精的晶种诱导法形成的金属有机框架,是一种高比表面积、高孔隙度的材料,以此为模板,容易被水解,反应条件温和,容易得到空心纳米胶囊。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1-3制备的阿拉伯胶空心纳米胶囊的平均粒径及PDI图。
图2为本发明实施例1制备的阿拉伯胶空心纳米胶囊和对比例2制备的环糊精金属有机框架的TEM图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例,对本发明进行具体描述。
实施例1
一种阿拉伯胶空心纳米胶囊,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)用去离子水配制质量浓度为0.1%的阿拉伯胶溶液,待用。
(2)配制10mL浓度为40mM氢氧化钾溶液,称取4mM纯度为99.9%的γ-环糊精加入氢氧化钾溶液中,使环糊精与氢氧化钾溶液的摩尔比为1:10将混合溶液于置于50℃的水浴中,向混合溶液中加入3.4mg平均粒径在100nm的经脱支处理的玉米淀粉纳米颗粒作为晶种,超声分散5min使其均匀分散,过0.45μm水系膜,收集滤液,在50℃下保温1h,用蠕动泵将5mL无水乙醇缓慢扩散到溶液中,50℃下保温培养1h,然后通过蠕动泵将20mL无水乙醇缓慢添加到溶液中培养1h,得到环糊精金属框架溶液。
(3)将步骤(2)得到的环糊精金属框架溶液以1mL/min的速度逐滴加入到步骤(1)配制的阿拉伯胶溶液中,使阿拉伯胶溶液与环糊精溶液的质量比为0.3:1,混合10min,再添加1.0mL的环糊精葡萄糖转移酶(CGT酶)(酶活2000U)于50℃,水解10min,向水解后的溶液中加入136mL无水乙醇(无水乙醇的用量为水解后溶液体积的3倍),以3000r/min离心30min,收集沉淀,加入136mL无水乙醇,再次以相同的速度离心30min,收集沉淀,45℃下真空干燥24h干燥,得到阿拉伯胶空心纳米胶囊。
实施例2
一种阿拉伯胶空心胶囊,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)用去离子水配制质量浓度为0.1%的阿拉伯胶溶液,待用。
(2)配制10mL浓度为40mM氢氧化钾溶液,称取5mM纯度为99.9%的γ-环糊精加入氢氧化钾溶液中,使环糊精与氢氧化钾溶液的摩尔比为1:8将混合溶于置于50℃的水浴中,向混合溶液中加入3mg平均粒径在100nm的经脱支处理的玉米淀粉纳米颗粒作为晶种,超声分散5min使其均匀分散,过0.45μm水系膜,收集滤液,在50℃下保温1h,用蠕动泵将5mL无水乙醇缓慢扩散到溶液中,50℃下保温培养1h,然后通过蠕动泵将40mL无水乙醇缓慢添加到溶液中培养3h,得到环糊精金属框架溶液。
(3)将步骤(2)得到的环糊精金属框架溶液以1mL/min的速度逐滴加入到步骤(1)配制的阿拉伯胶溶液中,使阿拉伯胶溶液与环糊精溶液的质量比为0.5:1,混合10min,再添加0.5mL的环糊精葡萄糖转移酶(CGT酶)(酶活2000U/mL)于20℃,水解30min,向水解后的溶液中加入135mL无水乙醇(无水乙醇的用量为水解后溶液体积的2倍),以4000r/min离心20min,收集沉淀,加入135mL无水乙醇,再次以相同的速度离心20min,收集沉淀,60℃下真空干燥48h干燥,得到阿拉伯胶空心纳米胶囊。
实施例3
一种阿拉伯胶空心胶囊,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)用去离子水配制质量浓度为0.1%的阿拉伯胶溶液,待用。
(2)配制20mM氢氧化钾溶液,称取2.5mM纯度为99.9%的γ-环糊精加入氢氧化钾溶液中,使环糊精与氢氧化钾溶液的摩尔比为1:8。将混合溶于置于50℃的水浴中,向混合溶液中加入2mg平均粒径在100nm的经脱支处理的玉米淀粉纳米颗粒作为晶种,超声分散5min使其均匀分散,过0.45μm水系膜,收集滤液,在50℃下保温1h,用蠕动泵5mL无水乙醇缓慢扩散到溶液中,50℃下保温培养1h,然后通过蠕动泵将40mL无水乙醇缓慢添加到溶液中培养6h,得到环糊精金属框架溶液。
(3)将步骤(2)得到的环糊精金属框架溶液以0.5ml/min的速度逐滴加入到步骤(1)配制的阿拉伯胶溶液中,使阿拉伯胶溶液与环糊精溶液的质量比为0.3:1,进行混合涂层处理10min,再添加0.3mL的环糊精葡萄糖转移酶(CGT酶)(酶活2000U/mL)于50℃,水解10min,向水解后的溶液中加入215mL无水乙醇(无水乙醇的用量为水解后溶液体积的3倍),以5000r/min离心20min,收集沉淀,加入215mL无水乙醇,再次以相同的速度离心20min,收集沉淀,50℃下真空干燥36h干燥,得到阿拉伯胶空心纳米胶囊。
实施例4
一种阿拉伯胶空心胶囊,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)用去离子水配制质量浓度为0.3%的阿拉伯胶溶液,待用。
(2)配制20mM氢氧化钾溶液,称取2mM纯度为99.9%的β-环糊精加入氢氧化钾溶液中,使环糊精与氢氧化钾溶液的摩尔比为1:10。将混合溶于置于50℃的水浴中,向混合溶液中加入1.5mg平均粒径100nm木薯的玉米淀粉纳米颗粒作为晶种,超声分散5min使其均匀分散,过0.45μm水系膜,收集滤液,在50℃下保温1h,用蠕动泵将5mL无水乙醇缓慢扩散到溶液中,50℃下保温培养1h,然后通过蠕动泵将100mL无水乙醇缓慢添加到溶液中培养3h,得到环糊精金属框架溶液。
(3)将步骤(2)得到的环糊精金属框架溶液以0.1ml/min的速度逐滴加入到步骤(1)配制的阿拉伯胶溶液中,使阿拉伯胶溶液与环糊精溶液的质量比为0.8:1,混合10min,再添加0.8mL的环糊精葡萄糖转移酶(CGT酶)(酶活2000U/mL)于40℃,水解20min,向水解后的溶液中加入828mL无水乙醇(无水乙醇的用量为水解后溶液体积的4倍),以5000r/min离心10min,收集沉淀,加入828mL无水乙醇,再次以相同的速度离心10min,收集沉淀,50℃下真空干燥36h干燥,得到阿拉伯胶空心纳米胶囊。
实施例5
一种阿拉伯胶空心胶囊,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)用去离子水配制质量浓度为0.5%的阿拉伯胶溶液,待用。
(2)配制10mL浓度为40mM氢氧化钾溶液,称取5mM纯度为99.9%的α-环糊精加入氢氧化钾溶液中,使环糊精与氢氧化钾溶液的摩尔比为1:8。将混合溶于置于60℃的水浴中,向混合溶液中加1.6mg平均粒径在100nm的豌豆淀粉纳米颗粒作为晶种,超声分散8min使其均匀分散,过0.25μm水系膜,收集滤液,在60℃下保温2h,用蠕动泵,以1ml/min的速度将5mL无水乙醇缓慢扩散到溶液中,60℃下保温培养2h,然后通过蠕动泵将50mL无水乙醇缓慢添加到溶液中培养1h,得到环糊精金属框架溶液。
(3)将步骤(2)得到的环糊精金属框架溶液以0.5ml/min的速度逐滴加入到步骤(1)配制的阿拉伯胶溶液中,使阿拉伯胶溶液与环糊精溶液的质量比为1:1,混合20min,再添加0.5mL的环糊精葡萄糖转移酶(CGT酶)(酶活2000U/mL)于30℃,水解20min,向水解后的溶液中加入300mL无水乙醇(无水乙醇的用量为水解后溶液体积的2.3倍),以4000r/min离心20min,收集沉淀,加入300mL无水乙醇,再次以相同的速度离心20min,收集沉淀,55℃下真空干燥36h干燥,得到阿拉伯胶空心纳米胶囊。
实施例6
一种阿拉伯胶空心胶囊,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)用去离子水配制质量浓度为0.3%的阿拉伯胶溶液,待用。
(2)配制10mL浓度为40mM氢氧化钾溶液,称取3.3mM,纯度为99.9%的γ-环糊精加入氢氧化钾溶液中,使环糊精与氢氧化钾溶液的摩尔比为1:12。将混合溶于置于55℃的水浴中,向混合溶液中加入2.1mg平均粒径在100nm的豌豆淀粉纳米颗粒作为晶种,超声分散10min使其均匀分散,过0.22μm水系膜,收集滤液,在55℃下保温6h,用蠕动泵,以1ml/min的速度将5mL无水乙醇缓慢扩散到溶液中,55℃下保温培养6h,然后通过蠕动泵将60mL无水乙醇缓慢添加到溶液中培养6h,得到环糊精金属框架溶液。
(3)将步骤(2)得到的环糊精金属框架溶液以0.1ml/min的速度逐滴加入到步骤(1)配制的阿拉伯胶溶液中,使阿拉伯胶溶液与环糊精溶液的质量比为1.3:1,混合30min,再添加0.6mL的环糊精葡萄糖转移酶(CGT酶)(酶活2000U)于40℃,水解10min,向水解后的溶液中加入345mL无水乙醇(无水乙醇的用量为水解后溶液体积的4倍),以3500r/min离心20min,收集沉淀,加入345mL无水乙醇,再次以相同的速度离心20min,收集沉淀,50℃下真空干燥48h干燥,得到阿拉伯胶空心纳米胶囊。
对比例1
商用环糊精,纯度>99%,购自美国Sigma公司。
对比例2
配制10mL浓度为40mM氢氧化钾溶液,称取52mg纯度为99.9%的γ-环糊精加入氢氧化钾溶液中,使氢氧化钾溶液中环糊精的摩尔浓度为4mM。将混合溶于置于50℃的水浴中,向混合溶液中加入3mg平均粒径在100nm的经脱支处理的玉米淀粉纳米颗粒作为晶种,超声分散5min使其均匀分散,过0.45μm水系膜,收集滤液,在50℃下保温1h,用蠕动泵将5mL无水乙醇缓慢扩散到溶液中,50℃下保温培养1h,然后通过蠕动泵将20mL乙醇缓慢添加到溶液中培养1h,50℃下真空干燥得到环糊精金属框架溶液。
测试例:
用马尔文动态光散射(DLS)测定实施例1~3制备的阿拉伯胶空心纳米胶囊样品的粒径及分散性指数(PDI)。图1为实施例1~3得到的阿拉伯胶空心纳米胶囊的粒径在93~173nm之间,PDI较小,说明所制备的阿拉伯胶空心纳米胶囊具有良好的分散性。
采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)对样品的形貌进行观察,结果如图2所示,A图为对比例2制备的环糊精金属有机框架,可以观察到明显的聚集现象。B图为实施例1制备的阿拉伯胶空心纳米胶囊,制备的空心胶囊为圆环状,具有良好的分散性。
丹酚酸包埋性能测试:
使用实施例1~3制备的阿拉伯胶空心纳米胶囊包埋丹酚酸,并对其包埋率、装载量等进行测定。
首先配制5mg/mL的丹酚酸B溶液,然后将100mg的阿拉伯胶纳米空心胶囊加入丹酚酸B溶液中,并使用磁力搅拌器在50℃下以200r/min的恒定搅拌不同的时间。通过分光光度计法测定游离的丹酚酸B的含量,从而计算得到阿拉伯胶对丹酚酸B的包埋率及装载量,计算公式如下:
测得的丹酚酸B在阿拉伯胶空心纳米胶囊中的包埋率及装载量如表1所示,结果显示,与对比例1单纯的环糊精相比,包埋率和装载率明显提高,说明该阿拉伯胶空心纳米胶囊具有较强的装载活性成分的能力,与现有报道的阿拉伯胶空心纳米球(CN201710099099.9)相比(包埋率<70%),具有更高的包埋率,适用于纳米载体。
表1
包埋率(%) | 装载量(%) | |
实施例1 | 73.5±2.9 | 19.6±0.3 |
实施例2 | 82.9±3.7 | 21.7±0.7 |
实施例3 | 89.3±2.5 | 25.9±0.4 |
对比例1 | 47.3±3.1 | 12.7±3.3 |
对比例2 | 67.3±2.9 | 17.9±4.2 |
采用物理吸附仪测定实施例1~3制备的阿拉伯胶空心纳米胶囊样品的比表面积以及孔径。待测样品首先在80℃下脱气24h,以氮气为吸附剂,测试温度为-196℃。环糊精有机骨架的BET比表面积、Langmuir比表面积和孔直径参数如表2所示。
表2
从表2可知,本申请制备的阿拉伯胶纳米空心胶囊与对比例1的商业环糊精和对比例2的环糊精金属有机框架相比,具有更高的比表面积和更小的孔径,有利于对活性成分的吸附。
白藜芦醇包埋性能测试:
将实施例1~3制备的阿拉伯胶空心纳米胶囊用于包埋白藜芦醇,并对其包埋率、装载量等进行测定。
首先配制5mg/mL的白藜芦醇溶液,然后将100mg的阿拉伯胶纳米空心胶囊加入白藜芦醇溶液中,并使用磁力搅拌器在50℃下以200r/min的恒定速度搅拌6h。测试及包埋率、装载量的计算方法同丹酚酸包埋性能测试。测试结果如表3所示。
表3
样品 | 包埋率(%) | 装载量(%) |
实施例1 | 82.6±3.1 | 20.1±0.65 |
实施例2 | 88.2±4.3 | 22.1±0.43 |
实施例3 | 89.8±3.6 | 25.1±0.48 |
对比例1 | 65.5±2.2 | 18.0±0.31 |
对比例2 | 72.3±4.9 | 19.7±1.3 |
由表3可知空心纳米胶囊的包埋率及装载量要明显高于单纯的环糊精,说明制备的纳米空心适用于活性成分的装载。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (7)
1.一种阿拉伯胶空心纳米胶囊,其特征在于,所述阿拉伯胶空心纳米胶囊的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)配制阿拉伯胶溶液;
(2)将环糊精溶于氢氧化钾溶液中,加入淀粉,经分散、过滤、取滤液保温,加入乙醇保温后,再次加入乙醇,继续保温,得到环糊精金属框架溶液;
(3)将步骤(2)制备的环糊精金属框架溶液滴加到步骤(1)制备的阿拉伯胶溶液中,混合后,加酶水解,向水解后的溶液中加入乙醇后离心,收集下层沉淀,再次加入乙醇离心,干燥即得阿拉伯胶空心纳米胶囊;
步骤(3)中,所述酶为环糊精葡萄糖转移酶,酶活为2000 U/mL,用量为0.3~1.0 mL;所述水解的温度为20~50℃,时间为10~30 min;
步骤(2)中,所述淀粉为经过脱支处理的玉米淀粉、木薯淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、豌豆淀粉中的一种或多种;所述淀粉与环糊精的质量比为1:15~30。
2.根据权利要求1所述的阿拉伯胶空心纳米胶囊,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述阿拉伯胶溶液中阿拉伯胶的质量浓度为0.1~0.5%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的阿拉伯胶空心纳米胶囊,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述环糊精为纯度大于99%;所述环糊精为α-环糊精、β-环糊精、γ-环糊精中的一种或多种;所述氢氧化钾溶液中氢氧化钾的摩尔浓度为8 ~ 40 mM;所述环糊精与氢氧化钾的摩尔比为1:8~12。
4.根据权利要求1所述的阿拉伯胶空心纳米胶囊,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述分散是使用超声分散5~10 min;所述过滤为过0.22~0.45 μm的水系膜;所述保温均为50~60℃下保温1 ~ 6 h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的阿拉伯胶空心纳米胶囊,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述乙醇均为无水乙醇,两次加入的总体积为25~105 mL。
6.根据权利要求1所述的阿拉伯胶空心纳米胶囊,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述滴加的速度为0.1~1 mL/min;阿拉伯胶溶液与环糊精金属框架溶液的质量比为0.3~1.3:1;所述混合的时间为10~30 min。
7.根据权利要求1所述的阿拉伯胶空心纳米胶囊,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述乙醇均为无水乙醇,用量均为水解后溶液体积的2~4倍;所述离心的速度均为3000~5000 r/min,时间均为10~30 min;所述干燥为真空干燥,温度为45~60℃,时间为24~48 h。
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