CN113412765A - Ecological restoration method for bank hydro-fluctuation belt - Google Patents
Ecological restoration method for bank hydro-fluctuation belt Download PDFInfo
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- CN113412765A CN113412765A CN202110574714.3A CN202110574714A CN113412765A CN 113412765 A CN113412765 A CN 113412765A CN 202110574714 A CN202110574714 A CN 202110574714A CN 113412765 A CN113412765 A CN 113412765A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/50—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor contained within a flexible envelope
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0293—Seed or shoot receptacles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0295—Units comprising two or more connected receptacles
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological restoration method for a bank hydro-fluctuation belt, which belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration and comprises the steps of cleaning a bank slope, laying a matrix bag, fixing the matrix bag, planting plants, irrigating the plants, maintaining at regular time and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration, and particularly relates to an ecological restoration method for a bank hydro-fluctuation belt, which is used for restoring the ecological environment of the bank hydro-fluctuation belt.
Background
The hydro-fluctuation belt is a dry-wet alternate belt formed by periodically submerging and exposing the land of an land-water connection belt due to seasonal fluctuation of water bodies such as reservoirs, lakes and the like. The hydro-fluctuation belt is used as a transition area before a land ecosystem and a water ecosystem, is a last ecological barrier before silt, organic matters, chemical fertilizers, pesticides and the like in a land water-collecting area enter a water area, is also a buffer belt for water circulation regulation, plays roles of galleries, filters, barriers and the like in material flow, energy flow and species flow of the land ecosystem, and provides irreplaceable ecological service functions in the aspects of purifying land source pollution of the land water-collecting area, stabilizing a reservoir bank, preventing water and soil loss, providing a biological habitat, beautifying landscape, maintaining dynamic balance of the land-water interface ecosystem and the like.
The invention discloses an ecological protection structure suitable for a rocky bank slope in a reservoir hydro-fluctuation area and a construction method thereof, wherein the ecological protection structure comprises an arbor and shrub vegetation system, a herbaceous vegetation system and an irrigation system, the arbor and shrub vegetation system comprises a plurality of arbor and shrub vegetation holes drilled in a bank slope surface, the herbaceous vegetation system comprises herbaceous vegetation layers and three-dimensional nets sequentially laid on the bank slope surface, the irrigation system comprises a plurality of upward inclined water diversion holes drilled in the bank slope surface, the construction method of the protection structure comprises the steps of bank slope surface cleaning construction, arbor and shrub vegetation system construction, irrigation system construction, herbaceous vegetation system construction and the like, and the system can simultaneously solve the problems of vegetation recovery of the rocky slope in the reservoir hydro-fluctuation area and control of the weathering rate of the rock and soil body. However, the ecological protection structure of the rocky bank slope in the hydro-fluctuation area of the reservoir and the construction method thereof need to excavate a plurality of arbor and shrub vegetation holes with the diameter of more than 20cm and the depth of more than 200cm on the slope surface of the bank slope by a manual or mechanical hole forming method, the construction strength is high, the ecological environment condition of the hydro-fluctuation area is special and unstable, the hydro-fluctuation area is sensitive to external change and interference reaction, the hydro-fluctuation area is an ecological fragile area, and the hydro-fluctuation area is easy to further damage after the holes are excavated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the technical problems that in the prior art, rocky bank slopes of a hydro-fluctuation belt have large gradient, lack of soil for plant growth, poor vegetation conditions, and collapse of part of the bank slopes easily caused by long-term periodic flooding and air drying, and provides the ecological planting method for the hydro-fluctuation belt of the bank, which is economic, easy to construct and good in ecological restoration effect.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides an ecological restoration method for a bank hydro-fluctuation belt, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: cleaning a bank slope, and cleaning sundries, weeds, stones, garbage and the like on the bank of the falling zone in a low water level period to ensure that the surface of the bank is clean;
step two: paving matrix bags, paving matrix bags filled with growth matrixes on the cleaned bank according to the landform of the bank slope, wherein the matrix bags are sequentially arranged, and the horizontal direction of the matrix bags is parallel to the horizontal direction of the bank;
step three: the matrix bag is fixed, the matrix bag after being paved is compressed and fixed through a wire mesh, and the periphery and the middle part of the wire mesh are installed and fixed through an anchor rod;
step four: planting plants, selecting proper plant types according to the topographic features of the bank slope, selecting sowing time according to the growth characteristics of different plants, and making different planting requirements;
step five: irrigating plants, namely performing sprinkling irrigation on the substrate bag and the plants on the substrate bag through a sprinkling irrigation system;
step six: regularly maintaining, timely removing, pruning and reseeding withered and yellow plants, withered and dead plants or lodging plants, and timely reseeding or supplementing plant seeds in planting areas with poor seedling emergence.
As a further improvement measure of the invention, the matrix bag is a geotextile bag made of geotextile, the opening diameter of the geotextile bag is 8-15 cm, the length of the geotextile bag is 15-25 m, the geotextile bags are sequentially and horizontally arranged on the bank along a U shape, two ends of the geotextile bags are sealed, and the adjacent geotextile bags are connected end to end.
As a further improvement measure of the invention, the growth substrate in the geotextile bag is formed by mixing peat, bark and perlite according to the mass ratio of 1:2: 1.
As a further improvement measure of the invention, the wire mesh is set to be in a rhombic grid shape or a square grid shape and is made of galvanized wire, the specification of the wire mesh is 8-16mm, grid holes are 4-8cm multiplied by 4-8cm, the periphery of the wire mesh is fixedly connected with the anchor rod, and the anchor rod is additionally arranged in the middle for fixation according to the size area of the wire mesh.
As a further improvement measure of the invention, the plants comprise at least one of bermudagrass and dichondra repens, the seeding time is 4-6 g/square meter and 3-5 g/square meter of the dichondra repens when the water level is low in late spring and early summer, the water content of the geotextile bags is sufficient before seeding, the seeds are uniformly mixed with fine sand soil or matrix nutrient soil, the seeds are sown into gaps among the matrix geotextile bags during seeding, different plants are sown alternately, watering and irrigating are carried out in time after seeding, and a layer of straw or non-woven fabric is covered to reduce water evaporation.
As a further improvement measure of the invention, the substrate bag is a plant growth bag formed by non-woven fabrics and a sunshade net, the diameter of the opening of the plant growth bag is 0.5m-1m, the length of the plant growth bag is 0.8m-1.5m, the flat laying height of the plant growth bag is more than 30cm after the plant growth bag is filled with growth substrates, and more than 1 layer of the plant growth bag is piled according to the terrain of the reservoir bank of the hydro-fluctuation belt.
As a further improvement measure of the invention, the growth substrate in the plant growing bag is formed by mixing the tree bark and the ploughing and planting soil according to the mass ratio of 3: 7.
As a further improvement measure of the invention, the wire mesh is arranged in a rhombic grid shape or a square grid shape and is made of galvanized wire, the specification of the wire mesh is 15-20mm, the grid holes are 18-23cm multiplied by 18-23cm, the periphery of the wire mesh is fixedly connected with the anchor rod, and the anchor rod is additionally arranged in the middle for fixation according to the size area of the wire mesh.
As a further improvement measure of the invention, the plant comprises at least one of water bamboo and water bindweed, the planting time is water winter and early spring (namely 11 months to next 2 months), the water bamboo is selected from 1-2 years of strong growth, tall and straight bamboo stalk, luxuriant branches and leaves, normal branches and knots, the diameter at breast height of the standing bamboo is about 3cm, 2-3 plants are a cluster of water bamboo, the water bindweed is selected from 1 year of seedling, the water bindweed is selected from strong growth, the diameter at root neck is more than 0.7cm, and different plants are planted in blocks.
As a further improvement measure of the invention, the sprinkling irrigation system is arranged in a smoother area of the bank of the hydro-fluctuation belt, and the nozzle of the sprinkling irrigation system is upward for fan-shaped sprinkling irrigation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. according to the invention, the matrix bag is arranged on the hydro-fluctuation belt of the bank, and the method of fixing the matrix bag by using the wire netting and the anchor rod is adopted to plant the plants, so that the operation of excavating and drilling holes on the bank slope of the bank is avoided, the further damage to the hydro-fluctuation belt is avoided, and the ecological stability of the hydro-fluctuation belt is ensured; 2. according to the invention, different substrate bags are arranged according to different landforms and terrains of the hydro-fluctuation belt, including the material, the size, the placing method and the like of the substrate bags, and the size specification of the wire netting is adjusted according to the difference of the actual landforms and terrains of the hydro-fluctuation belt, so that the applicability of the invention is strong, and the problem of ecological protection of different reservoir hydro-fluctuation belts can be solved; 3. the geotextile bags adopted by the invention have good air permeability and water permeability, can effectively intercept soil particles, fine sand, small stones and the like after water flows through the geotextile bags so as to keep the stability of the soil in the hydro-fluctuation belt, and the plant growth bags have excellent ultraviolet resistance, long durability, good water permeability and air permeability, ensure the normal communication of water in the soil, provide a medium for vegetation to live on, and ensure that the root systems can go deep into the soil of the plant growth bags and the hydro-fluctuation belt of the bank after the plants grow so that the greening effect of the bank slope is more obvious and effective; 4. the invention has simple construction and good ecological restoration effect, and can not damage the blanking belt.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
On the contrary, the invention is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, equivalents and alternatives which may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Furthermore, in the following detailed description of the present invention, certain specific details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details.
Example 1: aiming at a bank slope with a smooth slope surface, the ecological restoration method for the hydro-fluctuation belt of the bank, provided by the invention, comprises the following steps:
firstly, surveying the terrain gradient of a hydro-fluctuation belt of the bank slope, selecting the bank slope with a smoother slope surface, and cleaning sundries, weeds, stones, garbage and the like on the bank of the hydro-fluctuation belt in a low water level period, so that the surface of the bank is clean and tidy, and the subsequent planting is facilitated.
According to the topography of the bank slope of the bank, the matrix bags filled with the growth matrix are laid on the cleared bank, the matrix bags are sequentially arranged, the horizontal direction of the matrix bags is parallel to the horizontal direction of the bank, in the embodiment, the matrix bags are geotextile bags made of geotextile, and the bags made of geotextile have high strength, good corrosion resistance, good water permeability and good antimicrobial property. The geotextile is made into geotextile bags with the opening diameter of 10cm and the length of 20m, the two ends of the geotextile bags are sealed after the geotextile bags are filled with growth matrixes, the two adjacent geotextile bags are connected end to end, so that the geotextile bags are sequentially and horizontally arranged on a bank along a U shape, the geotextile bags are arranged in such a way, the scouring of water flow on the soil body of the hydro-fluctuation belt of the bank slope is avoided when the flood tide and the ebb tide, soil particles, fine sand, small stones and the like are effectively intercepted, the soil body is prevented from being damaged by external force, and the geotextile bags play a positive role in the ecological stability of the hydro-fluctuation belt of the bank. The growth substrate in the geotextile bag is formed by mixing peat, bark and perlite according to the mass ratio of 1:2: 1.
Secondly, fix the matrix bag, compress tightly fixedly to the matrix bag after laying through the wire netting, install fixedly around the wire netting and middle part through the stock, in this embodiment, the wire netting sets up to rhombus latticed or square latticed, adopt the galvanized iron wire to make, the specification of wire netting is 14mm, the net hole is 6cm x 6cm, the periphery and the stock fixed connection of wire netting, it is fixed to increase the stock in the centre according to the size area of wire netting, further play fixed effect to geotechnological cloth matrix bag, prevent that rivers from washing away geotechnological cloth matrix bag, cause the removal of geotechnological cloth matrix bag position, through the fixed mode of wire netting and stock, effectively avoided the operation of digging drilling in the bank, avoid causing further destruction to the disappearance area.
After matrix bags are fixed, proper plant types are selected according to the topographic features of a bank slope, sowing time is selected according to the growth characteristics of different plants, and different planting requirements are made.
Accomplish the plant seeding back, need irrigate the plant, spray through sprinkler irrigation system to the plant on matrix bag and the matrix bag, sprinkler irrigation system sets up in the more smooth region of falling zone bank, and sprinkler irrigation system's nozzle is fan-shaped sprinkling irrigation up.
In order to ensure the ecological stability of the hydro-fluctuation belt of the bank and the vigorous growth of plants, the hydro-fluctuation belt needs to be maintained regularly, withered and yellow plants, withered plants or lodging plants are cleared, pruned and reseeded in time, and plant seeds are reseeded or supplemented in time in a planting area with poor seedling emergence.
Example 2: aiming at the bank slope with uneven slope surface and deeper gully, the ecological restoration method for the hydro-fluctuation belt of the bank shore, provided by the invention, comprises the following steps:
firstly, the landform gradient of the hydro-fluctuation belt of the bank slope is surveyed, and sundries, weeds, stones, garbage and the like on the bank of the hydro-fluctuation belt are cleaned in a low water level period, so that the surface of the bank is clean and tidy, and the subsequent planting is facilitated.
According to the topography of bank slope again, lay the matrix bag that is full of growth matrix on the bank after the clearance, the matrix bag arranges the setting in proper order, and the horizontal direction that the matrix bag was laid parallels with the horizontal direction of bank, and in this embodiment, the matrix bag is for adopting the vegetation bag that non-woven fabrics and sunshade net constitute, and ultraviolet resistance can be excellent, and the durability is long, has good water permeability and gas permeability, and the construction is laid portably, and the quality is light, and the transportation is convenient. The non-woven fabric and the sunshade net are made into a plant biological bag with the opening diameter of 0.8m and the length of 1m, after the plant biological bag is filled with growth substrates, the height of the plant biological bag after being tiled is guaranteed to be larger than 30cm, more than 1 layer of plant biological bag is piled according to the terrain of a bank of an actual hydro-fluctuation zone, the stability of the bank is guaranteed, the scouring of water flow to a soil body of the hydro-fluctuation zone of a bank slope during rising tide and ebb tide is avoided, soil particles, fine sand, small stones and the like are effectively intercepted, the soil body is prevented from being damaged by external force, and the ecological stability of the hydro-fluctuation zone of the bank is positively acted. The growth substrate in the plant growing bag is formed by mixing tree barks and the ploughing and planting soil according to the mass ratio of 3: 7.
Secondly, fix the matrix bag, compress tightly fixedly to laying the matrix bag after accomplishing through the wire netting, install fixedly around the wire netting and middle part through the stock, in this embodiment, the wire netting sets up to rhombus latticed or square latticed, adopt the galvanized iron wire to make, the specification of wire netting is 16mm, the net hole is 20cm x 20cm, the wire netting all around and stock fixed connection, it is fixed at the middle stock that increases according to the size area of wire netting, further play fixed effect to the bag of growing plants, prevent that rivers from scouring the bag of growing plants, cause the removal of bag position of growing plants, fixed mode through wire netting and stock, effectively avoided the operation of digging the drilling in the storehouse bank, avoid causing further destruction to the disappearance area.
After the substrate bags are fixed, selecting proper plant types according to the topographic features of the bank slopes, selecting sowing time according to the growth features of different plants and making different planting requirements, in the embodiment, because the bank slopes are not flat, the gullies are deep and herbaceous plants are not suitable for planting, high-stem plants, namely shrubs need to be planted, at least one of water bamboos and fine-leaf water bindered flowers is selected, the planting time is water winter and early spring, namely 11 months to 2 months next year, the water bamboos are selected from 1-2 years to grow strongly, bamboo stalks are tall and straight, branches and leaves are luxuriant, branches and joints are normal, the diameter of the breast of the standing bamboos is about 3cm, 2-3 plants are a cluster of water bindered flowers, the fine-leaf water bindered flowers are selected from 1 year to grow strongly, and the fine-leaf water bindered flowers with the diameter of the root neck of more than 0.7cm are selected, and the different plants are planted in blocks.
Accomplish the plant seeding back, need irrigate the plant, spray through sprinkler irrigation system to the plant on matrix bag and the matrix bag, sprinkler irrigation system sets up in the more smooth region of falling zone bank, and sprinkler irrigation system's nozzle is fan-shaped sprinkling irrigation up.
In order to ensure the ecological stability of the hydro-fluctuation belt of the bank, the plants grow vigorously and are maintained regularly, withered and yellow plants, withered and dead plants or lodging plants are cleared, trimmed and reseeded in time, and plant seeds are reseeded or supplemented in time in planting areas with poor seedling emergence.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the present invention, and these should be construed as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The ecological restoration method for the bank hydro-fluctuation belt is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: cleaning a bank slope, and cleaning sundries, weeds, stones, garbage and the like on the bank of the falling zone in a low water level period to ensure that the surface of the bank is clean;
step two: paving matrix bags, paving matrix bags filled with growth matrixes on the cleaned bank according to the landform of the bank slope, wherein the matrix bags are sequentially arranged, and the horizontal direction of the matrix bags is parallel to the horizontal direction of the bank;
step three: the matrix bag is fixed, the matrix bag after being paved is compressed and fixed through a wire mesh, and the periphery and the middle part of the wire mesh are installed and fixed through an anchor rod;
step four: planting plants, selecting proper plant types according to the topographic features of the bank slope, selecting sowing time according to the growth characteristics of different plants, and making different planting requirements;
step five: irrigating plants, namely performing sprinkling irrigation on the substrate bag and the plants on the substrate bag through a sprinkling irrigation system;
step six: regularly maintaining, timely removing, pruning and reseeding withered and yellow plants, withered and dead plants or lodging plants, and timely reseeding or supplementing plant seeds in planting areas with poor seedling emergence.
2. The ecological restoration method for the hydro-fluctuation belt of the reservoir bank as claimed in claim 1, wherein the matrix bag is a geotextile bag made of geotextile, the opening diameter of the geotextile bag is 8cm-15cm, the length of the geotextile bag is 15m-25m, the geotextile bags are sequentially and horizontally arranged on the reservoir bank along a U shape, two ends of the geotextile bags are sealed, and the adjacent geotextile bags are connected end to end.
3. The ecological restoration method for the hydro-fluctuation belt of the bank as claimed in claim 2, wherein the growth medium in the geotextile bag is formed by mixing peat, bark and perlite according to the mass ratio of 1:2: 1.
4. The ecological restoration method for the hydro-fluctuation belt of the bank according to claim 3, wherein the wire netting is arranged in a rhombic grid shape or a square grid shape and is made of galvanized wire, the wire netting is 8-16mm in specification, the grid holes are 4-8cm x 4-8cm, the periphery of the wire netting is fixedly connected with the anchor rods, and the anchor rods are additionally arranged in the middle for fixing according to the size area of the wire netting.
5. The ecological restoration method for the hydro-fluctuation belt of the bank according to claim 4, wherein the plants comprise at least one of bermudagrass and dichondra repens, the sowing amount is 4-6 g/square meter and 3-5 g/square meter of dichondra repens when the sowing time is low in late spring and early summer, the water content of the geotextile bags is kept sufficient before sowing, the seeds are uniformly mixed with fine sand soil or matrix nutrient soil, the seeds are sown into gaps among the matrix geotextile bags during sowing, different plants are alternately sown, watering and irrigating are timely performed after sowing, and a layer of straw or non-woven fabric is covered to reduce water evaporation.
6. The ecological restoration method for the hydro-fluctuation belt of the reservoir bank as claimed in claim 1, wherein the substrate bag is a plant growth bag formed by non-woven fabrics and a sunshade net, the diameter of the bag mouth of the plant growth bag is 0.5m-1m, the length of the bag mouth is 0.8m-1.5m, the spreading height of the plant growth bag is more than 30cm after the plant growth bag is filled with growth substrates, and more than 1 layer is piled according to the topography of the hydro-fluctuation belt reservoir bank.
7. The ecological restoration method for the hydro-fluctuation belt of the bank as claimed in claim 6, wherein the growth substrate in the vegetation bags is formed by mixing bark and cultivation soil according to a mass ratio of 3: 7.
8. The ecological restoration method for the hydro-fluctuation belt of the bank according to claim 7, wherein the wire netting is arranged in a rhombic grid shape or a square grid shape and is made of galvanized wire, the wire netting is 15-20mm in specification, the grid holes are 18-23cm x 18-23cm, the periphery of the wire netting is fixedly connected with the anchor rods, and the anchor rods are additionally arranged in the middle for fixing according to the size area of the wire netting.
9. The ecological restoration method for the hydro-fluctuation belt of the bank as claimed in claim 8, wherein the plants comprise at least one of water bamboos and small-leaved water bindweed, the planting time is water winter and early spring, the water bamboos are selected from the water bamboos which grow strongly for 1-2 years, the bamboo stalks are tall and straight, the branches and leaves are luxuriant, the branches and knots are normal, the diameter of the breast height of the standing bamboos is about 3cm, 2-3 plants are a cluster of water bamboos, the small-leaved water bindweed is selected from the small-leaved water bindweed which grows strongly, the diameter of the root neck is more than 0.7cm, and different plants are planted in blocks.
10. The ecological restoration method for the hydro-fluctuation belt of the reservoir bank as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sprinkler irrigation system is arranged in a relatively smooth area of the reservoir bank of the hydro-fluctuation belt, and a nozzle of the sprinkler irrigation system is upward for fan-shaped sprinkler irrigation.
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Application publication date: 20210921 |