CN217523405U - Coastal saline-alkali soil in-situ arbor-shrub-grass afforestation planting system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to an in-situ arbor-shrub-grass afforestation planting system for coastal saline-alkali land, which comprises a plurality of tree caves distributed in the coastal saline-alkali land and connecting belts laid among the tree caves; a plant body is arranged in cooperation with any one of the tree holes, a cultivation unit is arranged in cooperation with the inside of the tree hole outside the plant body, a plant growing blanket is laid on the surface of the tree hole on the cultivation unit, and grass seed particles are distributed in the plant growing blanket; salt separating and discharging units are arranged between the bottoms of the tree pits and the corresponding connecting belts in a matching way. The utility model discloses realize that coastal saline and alkaline land builds ecological landscape and forms the application of stabilizing ecological community with the connection of plant pit, build the three-dimensional ecosystem in space to the principle of eco-friendly type provides the planting environment that coastal area saline and alkaline land arbor, bush, herbaceous plant are suitable for growing, has built the arbor-irritate-grass ecological structure of cubical space, promotes the development of coastal area ecological environment.

Description

Coastal saline-alkali soil in-situ arbor-shrub-grass afforestation planting system

Technical Field

The utility model relates to gardening; cultivating vegetables, flowers, rice, fruit trees, grapes, hops or sea vegetables; forestry; the technical field of watering, in particular to a coastal saline-alkali land in-situ arbor-shrub-grass afforestation planting system in the technical field of afforestation.

Background

The saline-alkali soil is used as an important reserve land resource, has great potential and economic value, is one of important ways for relieving the shortage of land resources and guaranteeing the grain safety by reasonably developing and utilizing the saline-alkali soil, and is an effective measure for improving the ecological environment and promoting the coordinated development of regional economy.

Coastal saline-alkali soil is an important saline-alkali soil type and is wide in distribution position. The coastal saline-alkali soil is mainly characterized by high underground water level, heavy soil texture, poor permeability, lack of organic matters and high soil total salt content, wherein the total salt content of part of coastal saline-alkali soil can reach 20 per thousand, which is far higher than the soil total salt content which can be tolerated by general plants by 3 per thousand.

Currently, ecological restoration and afforestation in coastal saline-alkali desertification areas are very difficult and arduous works. In the prior art, the technology for in-situ afforestation and accumulation of coastal saline-alkali soil is mainly developed from the aspects of engineering measures such as irrigation salt washing, terrace-shallow pool/deep groove salt discharge, concealed pipe salt discharge and the like. The existing pit type tree planting method is assisted by soil fertility improvement technologies such as modifying agents, organic fertilizers or nutrient soil, the conditions of slow salinization of local areas and repeated and intensified coexistence of persistent saline alkali still exist, and only aiming at trees, the population structure is single, and a stable ecological community is not formed. It is of great significance to explore a planting technology capable of carrying out arbor-shrub-grass afforestation by utilizing original soil in situ, have water and salt regulation and control, soil salt isolation and salt suppression measures with remarkable effects and construct a complex and stable natural ecological community.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model solves the problems in the prior art and provides an optimized coastal saline-alkali land in-situ arbor-shrub-grass afforestation planting system.

The technical scheme adopted by the utility model is that the in-situ arbor-shrub-grass afforestation planting system for the coastal saline-alkali land comprises a plurality of tree pits distributed on the coastal saline-alkali land and connecting belts laid among the tree pits;

a plant body is arranged in cooperation with any one of the tree holes, a cultivation unit is arranged in cooperation with the inside of the tree hole outside the plant body, a plant growing blanket is laid on the surface of the tree hole on the cultivation unit, and grass seed particles are distributed in the plant growing blanket;

salt separating and discharging units are arranged between the bottoms of the tree pits and the corresponding connecting belts in a matching way.

Preferably, the cultivation unit comprises a planting soil layer arranged in a tree pit outside the plant body, and a plurality of guide pipes communicated with the atmosphere space are uniformly distributed on the planting soil layer.

Preferably, a plant fiber blanket is arranged between the inner side wall of the tree pit and the planting soil layer.

Preferably, the guide pipe comprises a plastic pipe, through holes are distributed in the plastic pipe, and a filter layer is coated outside the plastic pipe.

Preferably, the bottoms of the plurality of conduits in any one of the tree pits are placed at different heights in the planting soil layer.

Preferably, the salt separating and discharging unit comprises a permeable geotextile layer and a stone layer which are arranged from top to bottom, the bottom of the stone layer is provided with a discharge pipeline for discharging salt, and a water collecting and discharging pipe corresponding to any discharge pipeline is arranged.

Preferably, the starting end of the discharge conduit is provided with a closure.

Preferably, the bottom of the tree pit is in space communication with the discharge conduit between the corresponding connecting bands.

Preferably, the connecting band is provided with a slope in cooperation with the coastal saline-alkali soil.

Preferably, the plant matter comprises trees and/or shrubs.

The utility model relates to an optimized coastal saline-alkali land in-situ arbor-shrub-grass afforestation planting system, a plurality of tree holes are distributed on the coastal saline-alkali land, and connecting bands are laid among the tree holes; the method comprises the following steps of arranging plant bodies with staggered heights in cooperation with tree holes, arranging cultivation units in the tree holes outside the plant bodies in a matching manner, paving plant blankets on the surfaces of the tree holes on the cultivation units, and distributing grass seed particles in the plant blankets; meanwhile, salt separating and discharging units are arranged between the bottoms of the tree pits and the corresponding connecting zones, the application of constructing ecological landscape and forming a stable ecological community in the coastal saline-alkali soil is realized through the connection of the tree pits, a spatial three-dimensional ecological system structure is constructed, and a planting environment suitable for growth of trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants in the coastal saline-alkali soil is provided according to an ecological friendly principle.

The utility model effectively solves the problem that arborescent and shrub death is caused by secondary salinization easily occurring in the aspect of the tree pit structure of coastal saline-alkali land at present through the salt separating and discharging unit arranged at the bottom of the tree pit and the plant fiber blanket arranged at the inner side; through the cultivation unit with the conduit, the planting soil matrix on which the trees and shrubs grow can keep a loose structure, soil can be prevented from hardening again to form blocks, water and fertilizer can directly act on the planting soil matrix at different depths through the conduit, required nutrients are provided for the growth of the trees and shrubs, and the problem of tree and shrub death caused by soil hardening and nutrient loss is further solved; the method solves the technical dilemma of improving the saline-alkali soil in the whole area for constructing the coastal saline-alkali soil, reduces the cost of constructing ecological landscape and stabilizing ecological communities, and promotes the development of the ecological environment in coastal areas.

The utility model discloses effectively solve coastal saline and alkaline land plant pit and easily take place secondary salinization and harden once more, arouse that arbor bush dies, the watering maintenance is with high costs, and coastal saline and alkaline land plant pit kind single, can not constitute arbor-irritate-the stable ecological community of grass, the ecological sight of coastal not good enough problem, have following beneficial effect:

(1) Measures such as a spatial three-dimensional ecological system and the like are constructed, a planting environment suitable for the growth of trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants in the coastal saline-alkali soil is provided according to the ecological friendly principle, and the problem that trees and shrubs are easy to be subjected to secondary salinization and secondary hardening in the aspect of tree pit structures in the coastal saline-alkali soil at present and further die is solved effectively; the problems that the structural plants of the tree pits of the coastal saline-alkali land are single in species, lack herbaceous plants and cannot form a complete vegetation community in the three-dimensional space of a single tree pit are solved;

(2) The plant-growing blanket paved on the surface of the tree pit on the cultivating unit provides a growth base layer of herbaceous plants, can ensure that the tree pit can preserve water and moisture, and reduces the irrigation water amount and cost for forestation in coastal saline-alkali soil.

(2) The original soil is adopted for improvement and backfilling planting on the spot, so that the cost of soil buying and soil transporting is reduced, irrigation water is saved, the survival rate of greening trees in the saline-alkali soil is improved, and the maintenance cost is reduced;

(3) The connection mode and the method for constructing the tree pit structure in the aspect of in-situ afforestation provide a scientific and feasible technical means for solving the problems of ecological restoration and afforestation of coastal saline-alkali soil;

(4) By means of relief of topography and selectable trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants in terms of height, color leaves and types, the method is applied to construction of coastal woodland landscapes, stable woodland ecological communities and complex ecological structures of coastal saline-alkali lands are gradually formed, the problem that the species of the coastal saline-alkali lands are single in improvement by the prior art is solved, an arbor-shrub-grass ecological structure of a three-dimensional space is constructed, and development of ecological environments of coastal areas is promoted.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention, wherein the plant bodies are the same or different plant bodies;

fig. 2 is a schematic top view of the tree pit and the connecting band in the system of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the present invention with two tree holes as an example;

fig. 4 is a schematic side view of a single pit of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

The utility model relates to an in-situ arbor-shrub-grass afforestation planting system for coastal saline-alkali land, which comprises a plurality of tree caves 1 distributed on the coastal saline-alkali land 12 and connecting belts 10 laid among the tree caves 1;

a plant body 9 is arranged in cooperation with any one of the tree pits 1, a cultivation unit is arranged in the tree pit 1 outside the plant body 9 in cooperation, a plant growing blanket 8 is laid on the surface of the tree pit 1 on the cultivation unit, and grass seed particles are distributed in the plant growing blanket 8;

salt separating and discharging units are arranged between the bottoms of the tree holes 1 and the corresponding connecting bands 10 in a matched mode.

The plant body 9 includes trees and/or shrubs.

The utility model discloses in, set up tree pit 1 on coastal saline and alkaline land 12 original place, cooperate the tree pit 1 to set up connecting band 10 within a definite time to tree pit 1 and 1 within a definite time connecting band 10 of tree pit arbor-irritate-grass afforestation and plant, finally realize the structure of coastal woodland view.

The utility model discloses in, set up the plant body 9 that the height was misplaced through tree pit 1, 1 fit in tree pit outside the plant body 9 sets up and cultivates the unit, and 1 surface of tree pit on cultivating the unit has laid the vegetation blanket 8, set up the grass seed granule in the vegetation blanket 8, make it to grow out various herbaceous plants on it, and the grass seed of the 12 native herbaceous plants in grass seed selectable coastal saline and alkaline land, can construct the three-dimensional ecosystem structure in space, with the principle of eco-friendly type, provide the planting environment in coastal area saline and alkaline land arbor, the bush, the suitable growth of herbaceous plant.

In the utility model, exactly, arbors and shrubs with soil balls are arranged at the center inside the tree pit 1, and the soil-resistant total salt content is more than or equal to 3 thousandth; furthermore, in the construction of the coastal forest land landscape, the ecological landscape of the elements consisting of trees and shrubs, such as the coastal slope land landscape, is provided with trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants (cultivation units) with different heights, color leaves and types by means of the fluctuation of the terrain, so that various ecological landscapes with layering sense in space and modeling sense in plane are constructed, and the complexity of the coastal ecological landscape is kept;

further, as time goes on, the same kind of herbaceous plants will grow on the open ground between the tree pit 1 and the tree pit 1 due to the propagation of the herbaceous plants, and a stable ecological community of the coastal saline-alkali land 12 is gradually formed.

The utility model discloses in, the diameter of plant pit 1 should be greater than nursery stock soil ball or bare-rooted seedling root system span of extension 40 ~ 60cm, perhaps should satisfy country, trade, local latest relevant standard, requirement.

The utility model discloses in, 1 bottoms of cooperation pit and the connecting band 10 intervals that correspond set up at a distance from the salt unit of arranging, separate the capillary effect of salt layer cutting soil, collect and discharge the water of the high soil salinity that upwards collects in the 1 vertical saline-alkali soil in pit bottom, obstruct 1 bottom vertical saline-alkali soil in pit to 1 inside planting soil layer 5's of pit salt that returns, effectively reduce the harm effect of the water salt migration that brings arbor, shrub growth because of the groundwater level change that seasonal variation arouses.

The cultivation unit comprises a planting soil layer 5 arranged in a tree pit 1 outside a plant body 9, and a plurality of guide pipes 7 communicated with the atmosphere space are uniformly distributed on the planting soil layer 5 in a matching mode.

And a plant fiber blanket 6 is arranged between the inner side wall of the tree pit 1 and the planting soil layer 5.

The catheter 7 comprises a plastic pipe, through holes are distributed in the plastic pipe, and a filter layer is coated outside the plastic pipe.

The bottoms of a plurality of guide pipes 7 in any tree pit 1 are arranged at different heights of the planting soil layer 5.

The utility model discloses in, planting soil layer 5 is former soil improvement planting soil layer 5, including improvement soil and fertilizer.

The utility model discloses in, an implementation mode is given, improves soil promptly and measures as follows according to the percentage:

the raw soil is more than or equal to 40 percent, the cow dung is less than or equal to 30 percent, the river sand is less than or equal to 30 percent, the turfy soil is less than or equal to 25 percent, the desulfurized gypsum is less than or equal to 8 percent, and the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent;

wherein the raw soil is the upper soil dug out from the tree pit 1, if the total salt content in the soil is more than or equal to 8 percent, the raw soil can be paved in a field with a slope, irrigated with tap water for 2-3 times, naturally dried and mixed with other improving substances;

after the raw soil and the improved substances are uniformly mixed, a certain amount of fertilizers such as nitrogen fertilizers, compound fertilizers, organic fertilizers and the like can be added according to the improved soil, so that the soil nutrients of the improved planting soil reach the four-grade and above standard of the national second soil general survey nutrient grading standard, or meet the latest national or local standard, standard and requirement;

the height of the planting soil layer 5 is set according to the types of trees and shrubs and related requirements of 'landscaping engineering construction and acceptance criteria' (CJJ/T82-2012), or meets the latest related standards, specifications and requirements of the state, industry and local.

In the utility model, the conduit 7 can be used for the ventilation of the root system of trees and shrubs, which is favorable for preventing soil from hardening and blocking again, and meanwhile, irrigation water or water and fertilizer can be directly supplemented to the root system of nursery stocks through the conduit 7, thus saving irrigation cost and fertilizer cost and promoting the absorption of nursery stocks to required substances; therefore, one end of the conduit 7 is arranged in the planting soil layer 5, the other end of the conduit is exposed in the air, and the conduit is composed of a porous plastic pipe wrapped by a filter layer, wherein the filter layer can be selected from coarse linen which can prevent soil from entering the conduit 7 through the two ends and the through holes of the plastic pipe.

In the utility model, a plurality of guide pipes 7 in the tree pit 1 can be matched with the tree pit 1 to be uniformly distributed, and the bottoms of the guide pipes are arranged at different heights of the planting soil layer 5, thereby meeting the air permeability requirements and the water and fertilizer application requirements of the planting soil layer 5 at different heights; the arrangement depth of the guide pipes 7 in the tree pit 1 can be 5-30 cm at intervals in the vertical direction.

In the utility model, the duct 7 can select a porous PVC pipe or a PE pipe with the diameter of DN25-50 mm.

In the utility model, the plant fiber blanket 6 has no grass seeds, has the corrosion-resistant characteristic, can preserve water and moisture, is mainly used for preventing the soil around the tree pit 1 from generating secondary saline-alkali action on the planting soil layer 5 in the tree pit 1 through the soil capillary, and has good air permeability; the plant fiber blanket 6 is mainly composed of plant fibers and is environment-friendly.

In the utility model, the thickness of the plant fiber blanket 6 is more than or equal to 8mm.

In the utility model, the vegetation blanket 8 is laid on the top layer of the tree pit 1, the vegetation blanket 8 is provided with grass seeds of herbaceous plants growing on the coastal saline-alkali soil 12, for example, the target coastal saline-alkali soil 12 is provided with suaeda salsa, and then the vegetation blanket 8 is selected as the vegetation blanket 8 with suaeda salsa seeds; the plant-growing carpet 8 can play a role in preserving water and moisture in the tree holes 1 by laying, and can construct a space ecological structure community in the single tree hole 1.

The utility model discloses in, the thickness more than or equal to 8mm of living blanket 8 plants.

Separate and arrange salt unit and include by last geotechnological cloth layer 4 and the stone material layer 3 that permeates water that sets up from bottom to top, 3 bottoms on the stone material layer are equipped with the discharge tube 2 that is used for arranging the salt, correspond arbitrary discharge tube 2 and are equipped with and converge drain pipe 11.

The starting end of the discharge pipe 2 is provided with a closure member.

The bottom of the tree pit 1 is communicated with the space of the discharge pipeline 2 between the corresponding connecting belts 10.

The connecting belt 10 is provided with a slope in cooperation with the coastal saline-alkali land 12.

In the utility model, the connection and conduction among the tree pits 1 are formed by connecting salt separating and discharging units, precisely, the connection and conduction are mainly formed by connecting the discharging pipelines 2, and the discharging pipelines 2 are salt discharging pipes; according to the engineering laying requirement, the tree pits 1 can be connected in parallel or in series through the discharge pipelines 2 (also the connecting belt 10), the drainage in the same discharge pipeline 2 can be collected into the same integral water collecting and discharging pipe 11, the collected water of the discharge pipeline 2 is guided out to a water collecting and discharging ditch, a water body or other reasonable places through the water collecting and discharging pipe 11, and the collected water can also be directly guided out through a salt-discharging concealed pipe according to the pipeline distance condition.

In the utility model, the thickness of the salt separating and discharging unit can be designed to be 20 to 35cm (not containing the whole height of the connecting belt 10).

In the utility model, the stone layer 3 and the permeable geotextile layer 4 can lead the soil salinity leached downwards by the irrigation water in the tree pit 1 to pass through along with the permeation of the irrigation water and be buried in the blind ditch of the stone layer 3, and the discharge pipeline 2 collects the irrigation permeation water with the soil salinity under the action of gravity and discharges the irrigation permeation water out of the tree pit 1; meanwhile, the salt separating and discharging unit cuts off the capillary effect of soil, the water with high soil salt content gathered upwards in the vertical saline-alkali soil at the bottom of the tree pit 1 is gathered in the pipe by the discharging pipeline 2 and is discharged to the outside of the tree pit 1, salt return of the vertical saline-alkali soil at the bottom of the tree pit 1 to the inside improvement planting soil layer 5 of the tree pit 1 is prevented, and the harm effect of water salt migration on the growth of trees and shrubs caused by groundwater level change due to seasonal variation is effectively reduced.

In the utility model, the structure of the salt-separating and discharging unit between the bottom of the tree pit 1 and the corresponding connecting belt 10 is the same.

The utility model discloses in, stone material layer 3 adopts cubic, graininess to pack, and its stone chip diameter commonly used is less than or equal to 1cm, and the rubble diameter is less than or equal to 3cm, and stone powder content must not exceed 10% in the stone chip drenches the layer material, lays and should stratify, pave, clap in fact, the slope with 10 design slopes of connecting band.

The utility model discloses in, geotechnological cloth layer 4 that permeates water can select to be the non-woven fabrics layer, and specification more than or equal to 200g/m ² 。

The utility model discloses in, the cross-section of connecting band 10 is the rectangle, adopts phi 6cm-10cm porous double ripple PVC pipe, and the width design is 200 to 500cm, and the high design is 100 to 400cm, perhaps satisfies national, trade, local relevant standard, regulation, requirement.

In the utility model, furthermore, the connecting belt 10 is generally set to have a certain gradient, such as 0.1% -0.5%, which helps to remove salt; the span of the same connecting belt 10 can be designed to be 10 to 30m.

In the utility model, on this basis, the water collecting and draining pipe 11 can adopt phi 10cm-165cm water draining pipes (plastic, cement pipes, etc.), and can be directly buried with the ground and the buried depth is more than or equal to 40cm.

The utility model discloses in, the piece that dams can set up to the non-woven fabrics and seal, wraps closely.

Claims (8)

1. A coastal saline-alkali land in-situ arbor-shrub-grass afforestation planting system is characterized in that: the device comprises a plurality of tree holes distributed in the coastal saline-alkali soil and connecting belts paved among the tree holes;

a plant body is arranged in cooperation with any one of the tree pits, a cultivation unit is arranged in cooperation with the inside of the tree pit outside the plant body, a plant growing blanket is laid on the surface of the tree pit on the cultivation unit, and grass seed particles are distributed in the plant growing blanket;

salt separating and discharging units are arranged between the bottoms of the tree holes and the corresponding connecting belts in a matching way; the salt separating and discharging unit comprises a permeable geotextile layer and a stone layer which are arranged from top to bottom, and a discharge pipeline for discharging salt is arranged at the bottom of the stone layer;

the bottom of the tree pit is communicated with the space of a discharge pipeline between the corresponding connecting belts, and the connecting belts are provided with slopes in cooperation with the coastal saline-alkali soil.

2. The coastal saline-alkali land in-situ arbor-shrub-grass afforestation planting system according to claim 1, wherein: the cultivation unit comprises a planting soil layer arranged in a tree pit outside the plant body, and a plurality of guide pipes communicated with the atmosphere space are uniformly distributed on the planting soil layer.

3. The in-situ arbor-shrub-grass afforestation planting system for coastal saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: and a plant fiber blanket is arranged between the inner side wall of the tree pit and the planting soil layer.

4. The coastal saline-alkali land in-situ arbor-shrub-grass afforestation planting system according to claim 2, wherein: the catheter comprises a plastic pipe, through holes are distributed in the plastic pipe, and a filter layer is coated outside the plastic pipe.

5. The arbor-shrub-grass afforestation and planting system in coastal saline-alkali land in situ as claimed in claim 2 or 4, wherein: the bottoms of the plurality of guide pipes in any tree pit are arranged at different heights of the planting soil layer.

6. The coastal saline-alkali land in-situ arbor-shrub-grass afforestation planting system according to claim 1, wherein: a water collecting and draining pipe is arranged corresponding to any one of the draining pipelines.

7. The coastal saline-alkali land in-situ arbor-shrub-grass afforestation planting system according to claim 1, wherein: the starting end of the discharge pipeline is provided with a cut-off piece.

8. The coastal saline-alkali land in-situ arbor-shrub-grass afforestation planting system according to claim 1, wherein: the plant body includes trees and/or shrubs.

Images