CN113349227B - Tobacco seed germination-promoting stress-resistant seedling-strengthening composition, preparation and use method - Google Patents
Tobacco seed germination-promoting stress-resistant seedling-strengthening composition, preparation and use method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/26—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/28—Myrtaceae [Myrtle family], e.g. teatree or clove
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
- A01N65/42—Aloeaceae [Aloe family] or Liliaceae [Lily family], e.g. aloe, veratrum, onion, garlic or chives
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco cultivation, and particularly relates to a composition for promoting germination of tobacco seeds, resisting stress and strengthening seedlings, a preparation and a using method. The invention adopts a unique formula based on the principle of traditional Chinese medicine, can promote the germination of tobacco seeds, improve the stress resistance of tobacco seedlings and promote the growth and development of the tobacco seedlings on the premise of not changing the prior seedling raising technical measures, and has better application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco cultivation, and particularly relates to a composition and a preparation for promoting germination of tobacco seeds and resisting stress and strengthening seedlings, and a preparation and a using method thereof.
Background
Tobacco is a temperate crop originally produced in America and is an important economic crop in agricultural production in China at present. The optimum growth temperature of the tobacco is 25-28 ℃, the quality of the mature tobacco leaves below 16-17 ℃ is poor, the tobacco leaves stop growing when the temperature is lower than 10-13 ℃, and seedlings die when the temperature is as low as 1-2 ℃.
The existing tobacco planting mainly adopts a greenhouse floating seedling raising technology, floating seedling raising is a new seedling raising method, and American tobacco is raised by adopting a floating seedling raising method from the end of the 80 s of the 20 th century. The floating seedling raising technology is a seedling raising method that a foam hole tray filled with a light seedling raising substrate floats on the water surface, seeds are sowed in the substrate, seedlings grow in the seedling raising substrate by rooting, and water and nutrients can be absorbed from the substrate and a water bed. Compared with the traditional seedling culture method, the method has the advantages of reducing the labor for transplanting, saving the seedling culture land, facilitating the tobacco seedling management, being beneficial to culturing strong seedlings, improving the seedling rate and the like.
Tobacco planting areas in China are mainly in southern areas of Yangtze river, and because tobacco seeding is mainly in winter every year, early spring low-temperature harm becomes a common problem in tobacco areas in south China. Due to the fact that the temperature of the atmospheric environment and the water temperature in a seedling pool in a seedling raising greenhouse are low during seedling raising, and the illumination is insufficient, under the low-temperature and low-illumination environment, the problems that tobacco seeds are difficult to germinate and emerge, slow in emergence, irregular in emergence, weak in seedlings, susceptible to diseases of seedlings and the like are caused, the emergence rate, the seedling rate and the strong seedling rate are caused to be low, the improvement of the quality of the tobacco seedlings is seriously influenced, and the normal growth and development of the transplanted plants are seriously influenced.
At present, the adverse effects of low-temperature and low-irradiation on seedling emergence and post-emergence growth in the tobacco production are solved, and the main measures are still measures such as increasing temperature by mulching, increasing illumination in a greenhouse and the like; the method for controlling the diseases during the seedling raising still applies chemical agents. In order to improve the stress resistance of crops, reagents such as calcium chloride, polyethylene glycol, gibberellin (GA3), dimethyl sulfoxide, salicylic acid, proline, abscisic acid (ABA), uniconazole, calcium gluconate, chitosan and the like are commonly used in production, and the main physiological functions of the reagents are to increase the concentration of cell sap and reduce the permeability of cell membranes so as to improve the adverse effect on a low-temperature environment. However, the anti-stress agents have single functions, and seedlings after seed germination have weak resistance to harmful microorganisms and germs in the environment and are very easy to infect diseases in a low-temperature environment. In the prior art, other methods for preventing and treating diseases by using chemical agents after the diseases are found in the seedling raising process also have the defects of temporary and permanent treatment, high cost, environmental friendliness and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to provide the pure natural tobacco seed germination-promoting stress-resistant seedling-strengthening composition, the preparation and the use method thereof based on the Chinese traditional medicine theory of organically combining 'information-energy-substance' theory 'based on' the theory of visceral manifestation as the core and 'sources, properties, infusing, performances, compatibility and application' of various traditional Chinese medicines, and combining with the modern process and taking traditional Chinese medicine plants as raw materials, and solves the problems of low emergence rate, seedling rate and seedling-strengthening rate of tobacco seeds, poor stress resistance, slow growth, high production and use cost and harm to the environment caused by low temperature and low irradiation in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a composition for promoting germination of tobacco seeds, resisting stress and strengthening seedlings, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of ligustrum quihoui, 10-15 parts of holly, 20-35 parts of purple leaf tiller, 20-35 parts of leek and 20-35 parts of betel nut.
The materials used in the method have high content of beneficial ingredients, or the main effective beneficial ingredients in the materials can be easily obtained by adopting the traditional Chinese medicine decoction method. Thus, the ligustrum quihoui is fresh leaves, the ilex purpurea is fresh bark, the purple leaf tiller is fresh leaves, the leek is fresh root, stem and leaf, and the areca is fresh fruit.
Ligustrum quihouuiCarr, Ilex purpurea (academic name: Ilex chinensis Sims.), Berberis purpurea (academic name: Berberisthuber. atropurpeu.), Allium tuberosum (academic name: A. tuberosum Rottl. ex Spreng.), and Areca catechu (academic name: Areca catechu L.).
The composition for promoting germination of tobacco seeds and resisting adversity and strong seedlings is prepared by drying fresh materials (preferably, the moisture content is 10-13%), crushing, and mixing and extracting with ethanol solution according to the mass ratio.
Further, drying and crushing fresh materials, mixing with 70-80% ethanol solution according to the mass ratio of 1:3.0-5.0, and performing shaking extraction for 4-5h, wherein the extraction temperature is preferably 30-45 ℃.
Further, the extracting solution is concentrated to liquid with the water content of 10-15%.
The invention provides a germination-promoting stress-resistant seedling-strengthening agent for tobacco seeds, which is a solution prepared by adding water into the germination-promoting stress-resistant seedling-strengthening composition for the tobacco seeds.
Further, the mass concentration of the solution is 5.0% -10.0%, and 7% is preferred.
Further, before dissolving, adding 0.01-0.05% of monopotassium phosphate crystal with the content of more than or equal to 95% into the concentrated extracting solution.
The content of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystal is more than or equal to 95 percent.
The use method of the germination-promoting stress-resistant seedling-strengthening agent for the tobacco seeds is used after tobacco sowing and seedling emergence.
Further, the method comprises the steps of placing tobacco seeds in the germination-promoting and stress-resistant seedling-strengthening agent for soaking for 45-60 minutes, airing and sowing in water, and spraying when the emergence rate of the sowed seedlings reaches at least 80 percentThe spraying amount of the seedbed is 50-70g/m2(ii) a The number of tobacco seedlings is 800-2。
The composition for promoting germination of tobacco seeds and resisting stress is the extracts of fresh leaves of ligustrum quihoui, fresh barks of holly, fresh leaves of purple-leaf cork tree, fresh leeks and fresh fruits of areca catechu, and monopotassium phosphate is purchased from the market. The potassium dihydrogen phosphate may be added to the composition before use or may be added during use of the composition, and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate may be dissolved completely by stirring.
The invention adopts D-420 (800kg/h, 4KW) produced by Yitai machinery Co., Ltd, Shandong Jining to pulverize the raw material to 80-100 meshes.
The compatibility of Chinese herbs is the main form of Chinese herbs, and the combination of Chinese herbs according to a certain rule will form a formula, i.e. the formula is the high-level expression form of the compatibility of Chinese herbs. The prescription is a bridge connecting the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine and the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine, is the core content of the research of traditional Chinese medicine, and comprises five main contents of seven-emotion compatibility, nature and taste compatibility, prescription compatibility, addition and subtraction compatibility according to symptoms and change of medicine dosage. In modern society, people form a prescription with specific functions by means of a modern process equipment manufacturing technology according to the theory of 'yang balance' and 'heaven-human integration', and the prescription is applied to crop production, coordinates various functions of plants and realizes the robust growth of crops by enhancing the functions.
The germination-promoting stress-resistant seedling-strengthening agent for tobacco seeds has a unique formula, and can improve the cold resistance and stress resistance of seeds and the physiological effect of growth and development on the premise of not changing the existing seedling-raising technical measures by taking the fresh leaves of ligustrum quihoui, the fresh bark of holly, the fresh leaves of purple-leaf tiller and the fresh fruit extract of betel nut as raw materials and taking potassium dihydrogen phosphate with the content of more than or equal to 95 percent as the raw materials.
According to the scheme, the mixed aqueous solution of the substances is treated, so that the cold resistance and stress resistance of tobacco seeds can be improved, the germination and germination of the seeds are promoted, the emergence rate, the seedling rate and the strong seedling rate are improved, the disease resistance of seedlings after the seeds germinate is improved, the morbidity of tobacco seedlings is reduced, the robust growth and development of the tobacco seedlings are ensured, and the dual purposes of resisting cold, promoting germination and growth and reducing disease damage are achieved.
Experiments prove that the tobacco seed germination promotion stress-resistant seedling strengthening agent can effectively improve the germination vigor of the seeds by 2.5-7.1%, the germination rate by 3.0-8.6%, the germination index by 5.6-19.8, the seedling rate by 2.5-7.48%, the seedling strengthening rate by 1.5-7.4%, reduce the fresh-dry ratio of the seedlings by 0.19-1.45, reduce the diseased plant rate of tobacco plants by 0.10-4.26 and shorten the seedling period by 2d-6 d. The physiological effects of improving cold resistance and stress resistance and promoting growth and development are obvious.
The germination-promoting stress-resistant seedling-strengthening agent for tobacco seeds has wide raw material sources and low price: the purpleleaf privet, the leek, the holly and the purple leaf tiller are widely planted in Hunan province and other provinces, the planting area of the betel nut in Hainan province is large, and the materials are wide in source, cheap and convenient; the monopotassium phosphate is easily available in domestic markets.
The preparation method of the germination-promoting stress-resistant seedling-strengthening agent for tobacco seeds is simple and easy to implement, and the germination-promoting stress-resistant seedling-strengthening agent can be prepared by placing extracts of fresh leaves of ligustrum quihoui, fresh bark of holly, fresh leaves of purple-leaf tiller, fresh leeks and fresh betel nuts into containers of plastics and the like, adding a certain amount of clean water, and fully dissolving the extracts.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a 3-leaf 1-heart tobacco seedling treated in example 6;
figure 2 is 3 leaf 1 heart tobacco seedlings treated with control 1 in example 6.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to further illustrate the invention without limiting it.
Example 1
The composition for promoting germination of tobacco seeds and resisting stress and strong seedlings comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of ligustrum quihoui, 15 parts of holly bark, 20 parts of purple-leaf tiller fresh leaves, 25 parts of fresh leek and 20 parts of betel nut fresh fruit.
The ginkgo biloba extract is prepared by the following method: the fresh materials are dried in the sun, respectively crushed to 80 meshes by D-420 (800kg/h, 4KW) produced by Yitai machinery Limited company of Shandong Jinning City, and the crushed fresh leaves of ligustrum quihoui, the fresh bark of holly, the fresh leaves of purple leaf tiller, the fresh stem leaves of fresh leek and the fresh fruits of areca are mixed according to the composition: mixing 75% ethanol with ethanol solution at a mass ratio of 1:4.0, extracting at 30 deg.C for 4 hr under oscillation, concentrating the extractive solution in a rotary evaporator to obtain liquid with water content of 10%, storing at room temperature, adding 0.01% potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystal with content of 95% or more, stirring for dissolving completely, and mixing uniformly.
50g of the germination-promoting stress-resistant strong-seedling-strengthening composition added with the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is added with clean water to be dissolved to prepare a solution with the mass concentration of 10%, and seeds are soaked for 45 minutes before sowing and then sowed; after the emergence rate reaches 80%, spraying 10% solution once, wherein the spraying amount of the seedbed is 60g/m2850 tobacco seedlings per square meter; and (5) cultivating strong seedlings.
Example 2
The composition for promoting germination of tobacco seeds, resisting stress and strengthening seedlings comprises the following components in parts by weight: 18 parts of ligustrum quihoui, 15 parts of holly bark, 20 parts of purple-leaf tiller fresh leaves, 25 parts of fresh leek and 22 parts of betel nut fresh fruit.
The ginkgo biloba extract is prepared by the following method: the fresh materials are dried in the sun, respectively crushed to 100 meshes by D-420 type (800kg/h, 4KW) produced by Yitai machinery Co., Ltd, Shandong Jining, and the crushed fresh leaves of Ligustrum quihoui, the fresh bark of holly, the fresh leaves of purple leaf cork tree, the fresh stem and leaves of fresh leek and the fresh fruits of betel nut are mixed according to the composition: mixing 75% ethanol with ethanol solution at a mass ratio of 1:3.0, extracting at 35 deg.C for 4 hr under oscillation, concentrating the extractive solution in a rotary evaporator to obtain liquid with water content of 12%, storing at room temperature, adding 0.03% potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystal with content of 95% or more, stirring for dissolving completely, and mixing uniformly.
50g of the composition for promoting germination and resisting stress and strengthening seedlings of the tobacco seeds added with the monopotassium phosphate is added with clean water to be dissolved to prepare a solution with the mass concentration of 5 percent, and the seeds are soaked for 50 minutes before sowing and then sown; after the emergence rate reaches 80%, spraying 5% solution once, wherein the spraying amount of the seedbed is 60g/m2850 tobacco seedlings per square meter; and (5) cultivating strong seedlings.
Example 3
The composition for promoting germination of tobacco seeds, resisting stress and strengthening seedlings comprises the following components in parts by weight: 18 parts of ligustrum quihoui, 12 parts of holly bark, 20 parts of purple-leaf tiller fresh leaves, 30 parts of fresh leek and 20 parts of betel nut fresh fruit.
The ginkgo extract is prepared by the following method: the fresh materials are dried in the sun, respectively crushed to 90 meshes by D-420 type (800kg/h, 4KW) produced by Yitai machinery Co., Ltd, Shandong Jining, and the crushed fresh leaves of Ligustrum quihoui, the fresh bark of holly, the fresh leaves of purple leaf cork tree, the fresh stem and leaves of fresh leek and the fresh fruits of betel nut are mixed according to the composition: mixing 75% ethanol with ethanol solution at a mass ratio of 1:5.0, extracting at 40 deg.C for 4 hr under oscillation, concentrating the extractive solution in a rotary evaporator to obtain liquid with water content of 15%, storing at room temperature, adding 0.04% potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystal with content of 95% or more, stirring for dissolving completely, and mixing uniformly.
50g of the tobacco seed germination-promoting stress-resistant strong seedling-strengthening composition added with the monopotassium phosphate is added with clean water to be dissolved to prepare a solution with the mass concentration of 7%, and the tobacco seeds are soaked for 55 minutes before sowing and then sowed; after the emergence rate reaches 80%, spraying 7% solution once, wherein the spraying amount of the seedbed is 60g/m2850 tobacco seedlings per square meter; and (5) cultivating strong seedlings.
Example 4
The composition for promoting germination of tobacco seeds, resisting stress and strengthening seedlings comprises the following components in parts by weight: 16 parts of ligustrum quihoui fresh leaves, 14 parts of holly fresh barks, 22 parts of purple leaf and fresh tillering leaves, 28 parts of fresh leeks and 20 parts of fresh betel nuts.
The ginkgo biloba extract is prepared by the following method: the preparation method comprises the steps of drying the fresh materials in the sun, respectively crushing the dried fresh materials to 100 meshes by adopting D-420 type (800kg/h, 4KW) produced by Yitai machinery Limited company of Shandong Jinning, mixing the crushed fresh leaves of Ligustrum quihoui, the fresh barks of holly, the fresh leaves of purple leaf berberis, the roots, the stems and the leaves of fresh leek and the fresh fruits of betel nuts, mixing the crushed fresh leaves of Ligustrum quihoui, the crushed fresh barks of holly, the crushed fresh leaves of purple leaf Berberis, the crushed fresh leaves of fresh leek and the crushed fresh fruits of betel nuts with 75% of ethanol solution according to the mass ratio of 1:4.0, extracting the mixture by oscillation at the temperature of 30 ℃ for 5 hours, concentrating the extracting solution in a rotary evaporator to a liquid with the water content of 10%, preserving the extracting solution at normal temperature, adding 0.05% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals with the content of more than or equal to 95% into the decocted solution, and stirring the potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals to be completely dissolved and uniformly mixed for later use.
50g of the tobacco seed germination-promoting stress-resistant strong seedling-strengthening composition added with the monopotassium phosphate is added with clean water to be dissolved to prepare a solution with the mass concentration of 8%, and the solution is used for soaking the seeds for 60 minutes before sowing and then sowing; after the emergence rate reaches 80%, 8% solution is sprayed once, and the spraying amount of the seedbed is 50g/m2800 tobacco seedlings per square meter; and (5) cultivating strong seedlings.
Example 5
The composition for promoting germination of tobacco seeds, resisting stress and strengthening seedlings comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of ligustrum quihoui fresh leaves, 13 parts of holly fresh barks, 24 parts of purple leaf and fresh tillering leaves, 25 parts of fresh leeks and 33 parts of fresh betel nuts.
The ginkgo extract is prepared by the following method: the preparation method comprises the steps of drying the fresh materials in the sun, respectively crushing the dried fresh materials to 100 meshes by adopting D-420 type (800kg/h, 4KW) produced by Yitai machinery Limited company of Shandong Jinning, mixing the crushed fresh leaves of Ligustrum quihoui, the fresh barks of holly, the fresh leaves of purple leaf berberis, the roots, the stems and the leaves of fresh leek and the fresh fruits of betel nuts, mixing the crushed fresh leaves of Ligustrum quihoui, the crushed fresh barks of holly, the crushed fresh leaves of purple leaf Berberis, the crushed fresh leaves of fresh leek and the crushed fresh fruits of betel nuts with 70% of ethanol solution according to the mass ratio of 1:5.0, extracting the mixture by oscillation at the temperature of 45 ℃ for 5 hours, concentrating the extracting solution in a rotary evaporator to a liquid with the water content of 15%, storing the extracting solution at normal temperature, adding 0.035% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals with the content of more than or equal to 95% into the decocted solution, and stirring the potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals to be completely dissolved and uniformly mixed for later use.
50g of the composition for promoting germination and resisting stress and strengthening seedlings of the tobacco seeds added with the monopotassium phosphate is dissolved in clean water to prepare a solution with the mass concentration of 9%, and the seeds are soaked for 48 minutes before sowing and then sowed; after the emergence rate reaches 80%, spraying 9% solution once, wherein the spraying amount of the seedbed is 70g/m2900 tobacco seedlings per square meter; and (5) cultivating strong seedlings.
Example 6
The test seeds are Yunyan 87, the seeds are sowed in 2019, 12 and 20 days, the seeds are soaked in the 10 percent solution of the germination-promoting stress-resistant seedling-strengthening agent prepared in the embodiment 1 for 45 minutes, the seeds are taken out and dried, sowing and seedling raising are carried out according to the technical standard of floating seedling raising, the foliage spraying is carried out once when the seedling emergence reaches 80 percent, and the spraying amount of a seedbed is 60g/m2850 tobacco seedlings per square meter. The days of the greenhouse environment temperature of 6.5-22.5 ℃ during seedling culture are about 85 percent, and the site is in a floating seedling culture greenhouse of a tobacco teaching and scientific research base in the university of Hunan agriculture in the province of Sha city, Hunan, of Hunan province.
In this embodiment, the following 11 parallel treatment solutions are simultaneously set as controls, each treatment is set to 3 repetitions, the number of each repeated seed is 50, the seed soaking time is 45min, and the spraying manner and the amount are the same, and they are respectively:
control 1: soaking seeds in clear water and spraying 80 percent clear water for 1 time;
control 2: 10% of ligustrum quihoui fresh leaf solution (seed soaking + 80% of seedling emergence spraying for 1 time);
control 3: 10% wintergreen bark solution (seed soaking + 80% seedling emergence spraying for 1 time);
control 4: 10% of purple leaf and tillering fresh leaf solution (seed soaking + 80% of seedling emergence spraying for 1 time);
control 5: 10% fresh leek solution (seed soaking + 80% seedling emergence spraying for 1 time);
control 6: 10% betel nut fresh fruit solution (seed soaking + seedling emergence 80% spraying for 1 time);
control 7: potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution was prepared only in the same amount as in example 1 (seed soaking + 80% emergence spray 1 time);
control 8: 10% of a mixed solution of a ligustrum quihoui fresh leaf extracting solution and a holly fresh bark extracting solution (seed soaking and 80% seedling emergence spraying for 1 time);
control 9: 10% of a mixed solution of ligustrum quihoui fresh leaf extract, holly fresh bark extract and purple leaf tiller fresh leaf extract (seed soaking and seedling emergence 80% spraying for 1 time);
control 10: 10% of mixed liquor of ligustrum quihoui fresh leaf extracting solution, holly fresh bark extracting solution, purple leaf and tillering fresh leaf extracting solution and fresh leek extracting solution (seed soaking and 80% of seedling emergence are sprayed for 1 time);
control 11: 10% of mixed liquor of ligustrum quihoui fresh leaf extract, holly fresh bark extract, purple leaf and tillering fresh leaf extract, fresh leek extract and betel nut fresh fruit extract (seed soaking and 80% seedling emergence spraying for 1 time).
The comparison 2-11 is carried out according to the steps of the example 1, the total fresh weight mass of the medicinal materials used in the comparison 2-11 is the same as that in the example 1, the proportion of the Chinese medicinal materials in the comparison 8-11 is the same as that of the corresponding medicinal materials in the example 1, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is not added in the other comparisons except the comparison 7. The measurement data were subjected to statistical analysis and variance analysis using excel2003 and DPS, and 3 replicates for each treatment were used.
In the above examples and the control, the germination and emergence conditions were investigated and recorded every day 4d before emergence until the emergence was complete, and the germination rate and germination vigor were calculated; weighing 10 tobacco seedlings randomly 7d before transplanting, deactivating enzyme at 105 deg.C for 30 min, drying at 80 deg.C for 60h, cooling to room temperature, weighing dry weight, averaging, calculating fresh-to-dry ratio, repeating for 3 times, and surveying 5m each treatment2And (4) the diseased tobacco seedlings are planted, and the diseased plant rate is calculated. Recorded in table 1 below. Wherein: the seedling standard of the floating seedling tobacco seedlings refers to the national standard GB/T25241.1-2010; the seedling rate is the percentage of the total number of seedlings which meet the GB/T25241.1-2010 standard requirement and account for the whole seedlings; the seedling days are the days from the emergence rate reaching 50% to the seedling reaching the seedling standard; the standard of floating seedling raising and strengthening refers to the national standard GB/T25241.1-2010, and the seedling strengthening rate is (number of strong seedling plants/number of mature seedling plants) multiplied by 100%. Wherein:
1) germination rate (%) [ within 14d after sowing (number of all normally germinated seeds/number of all sown seeds) × 100 ];
2) germination vigor (%) [ within 10d after sowing (number of all normally germinated seeds/number of all sown seeds) × 100 ];
3) germination index ═ Σ Gt/Dt (where: counting the germination number from 1 day to 7 days after sowing, wherein Gt is the germination number of the day, and Dt is the germination number of the day).
TABLE 1 germination condition of Yunnan tobacco 87 seeds treated differently and quality index of tobacco seedlings
As can be seen from the above table 1, the germination vigor, the germination rate, the germination index, the seedling establishment rate and the seedling establishment rate of the tobacco seeds treated by the seedling strengthening agent are respectively higher than those of the tobacco seeds treated by the rest of control treatments by 3.2-7.1%, 3-7.5%, 5.6-19.6, 4-7.4% and 3.7-6.8%, the fresh-dry ratio of the tobacco seedlings in the seedling establishment period is lower than that of the control treatment by 0.21-1.45, the diseased plant rate is lower than that of the control treatment by 0.19-4.26%, and the seedling establishment period is shortened by 2-5 d.
Example 7
The test seeds are K326, the seeds are sowed in 2019, 12 and 20 days, the seeds are soaked in 7 percent solution of the germination-promoting stress-resistant seedling-strengthening agent prepared in the embodiment 3 for 55 minutes, the seeds are taken out and dried, sowing and seedling raising are carried out according to the technical standard of floating seedling raising, the foliage spraying is carried out once when the seedling emergence reaches 80 percent, and the spraying amount of a seedbed is 60g/m2850 tobacco seedlings per square meter. The days of the greenhouse environment temperature of 6.5-22.5 ℃ during seedling culture are more than 75%, and the greenhouse environment temperature is in a floating seedling culture greenhouse of a tobacco teaching test base of Hunan agricultural university (hibiscus area of Changsha).
In this embodiment, the following 11 parallel treatment solutions are simultaneously set as controls, each treatment is set to 3 repetitions, the number of each repeated seed is 50, the seed soaking time is 55min, and the spraying manner and the amount are the same, and they are respectively:
control 1: soaking seeds in clear water and spraying 80 percent clear water for 1 time;
control 2: 7% of a fresh leaf solution of ligustrum quihoui (seed soaking + 80% of seedling emergence) is sprayed for 1 time;
control 3: 7% solution of wintergreen bark (seed soaking + 80% seedling emergence spraying for 1 time);
control 4: 7% of purple leaf and tillering fresh leaf solution (seed soaking + 80% of seedling emergence spraying for 1 time);
control 5: 7% fresh leek solution (seed soaking + 80% seedling emergence spraying for 1 time);
control 6: 7% of fresh areca solution (seed soaking + 80% of seedling emergence spraying for 1 time);
control 7: potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution was prepared only in the same amount as in example 3 (seed soaking + 80% emergence spray 1 time);
control 8: 7% of a mixed solution of a ligustrum quihoui fresh leaf extracting solution and a holly fresh bark extracting solution (seed soaking and 80% seedling emergence spraying for 1 time);
control 9: 7 percent of a mixed solution of a glossy privet leaf extracting solution, a glossy privet bark extracting solution and a purple leaf and tiller leaf extracting solution (seed soaking and seedling emergence 80 percent spraying are carried out for 1 time);
control 10: 7 percent of mixed solution of ligustrum quihoui fresh leaf extracting solution, wintergreen fresh bark extracting solution, purple leaf tillering fresh leaf extracting solution and fresh leek extracting solution (seed soaking and seedling emergence 80 percent spraying for 1 time);
control 11: 7 percent of mixed solution of ligustrum quihoui fresh leaf extract, holly fresh bark extract, purple leaf and berberis extract, fresh leek extract and betel nut fresh fruit extract (seed soaking and 80 percent seedling emergence spraying for 1 time).
The above controls 2-11 were performed according to the procedure of example 3, the fresh weight total mass of the used herbs in controls 2-11 was the same as that in example 3, the ratio of the Chinese herbs in controls 8-11 was the same as that in example 3, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate was not added to any of the controls except control 7. The measurement data were subjected to statistical analysis and variance analysis using excel2003 and DPS, and 3 replicates for each treatment were used.
In the above examples and the control, the germination and emergence conditions were investigated and recorded every day 4d before emergence until the emergence was complete, and the germination rate and germination vigor were calculated; weighing 10 tobacco seedlings randomly 7 days before transplanting, weighing fresh weight, deactivating enzyme at 105 ℃ for 30 minutes, drying at 80 ℃ for 60 hours, cooling to room temperature, weighing dry weight, taking an average value, calculating a fresh-dry ratio, and repeatedly taking values for three times; at the same time, 5m were investigated per treatment2And (4) the diseased tobacco seedlings are planted, and the diseased plant rate is calculated. Recorded in table 2 below. Wherein: the seedling standard of the floating seedling tobacco seedlings refers to the national standard GB/T25241.1-2010; the seedling rate of the seedlings reaches the GB/T25241.1-2010 standard requirementThe number accounts for the total number percentage of the seedlings which come out of the seedling; the number of days for seedling formation is the number of days from the emergence rate reaching 50% to the seedling reaching the standard for seedling formation, the standard for floating seedling strong seedling is referred to the national standard GB/T25241.1-2010, and the strong seedling rate is (number of strong seedlings/number of grown seedlings) multiplied by 100%. Wherein:
1) germination rate (%) [ within 14d after sowing (number of all normally germinated seeds/number of all sown seeds) × 100 ];
2) germination vigor (%) [ within 10d after sowing (number of all normally germinated seeds/number of all sown seeds) × 100 ];
3) germination index ═ Σ Gt/Dt (where: counting the germination number from 1 day to 7 days after sowing, wherein Gt is the germination number of the day, and Dt is the germination number of the day).
TABLE 2 germination condition and quality index of tobacco seedling of K326 seeds treated differently
As can be seen from the above table 2, the germination vigor, the germination rate, the germination index, the seedling rate and the seedling strengthening rate of the tobacco seeds treated by the seedling strengthening agent technology are respectively higher than those of the rest of the controls, namely 3.7-6.8%, 4.1-7.6%, 7.9-19.8, 2.5-6.3% and 4.00-7.00%, the fresh-dry ratio of the tobacco seedlings in the seedling stage is lower than that of the control by 0.35-1.04, the diseased plant rate is lower than that of the control by 0.1-3.30, and the seedling stage is shortened by 2-6 d.
Example 8
The test seeds are Yunyan 99, the seeds are sowed in 2019, 12 and 25 months, the seeds are soaked in 5% aqueous solution of the germination-promoting stress-resistant seedling-strengthening agent prepared in the embodiment 2 for 50 minutes, the seeds are taken out and aired, sowing and seedling raising are carried out according to the technical standard of floating seedling raising, the foliage spraying is carried out once when the seedling emergence reaches 80%, and the spraying amount of a seedbed is 60g/m2850 tobacco seedlings per square meter. The days of the greenhouse environment temperature of 6.5-22.5 ℃ during seedling culture are more than 75%, and the greenhouse environment temperature is in a floating seedling culture greenhouse of a tobacco teaching test base of Hunan agricultural university (hibiscus area of Changsha).
In this embodiment, the following 11 parallel treatment solutions are simultaneously set as controls, each treatment is set to 3 repetitions, the number of each repeated seed is 50, the seed soaking time is 50min, and the spraying manner and the amount are the same, and they are respectively:
control 1: soaking seeds in clear water and spraying 80 percent clear water for 1 time;
control 2: 5% of a fresh leaf solution of ligustrum quihoui (seed soaking + 80% of seedling emergence) is sprayed for 1 time;
control 3: 5% wintergreen bark solution (seed soaking + 80% seedling emergence spraying for 1 time);
control 4: 5% of purple leaf and tillering fresh leaf solution (seed soaking + 80% of seedling emergence spraying for 1 time);
control 5: 5% fresh leek solution (seed soaking + 80% seedling emergence spraying for 1 time);
control 6: 5% betel nut fresh fruit solution (seed soaking + 80% seedling emergence spraying for 1 time);
control 7: potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution was prepared only in the same amount as in example 2 (seed soaking + 80% emergence spray 1 time);
control 8: 5% of a mixed solution of a fresh leaf extracting solution of ligustrum quihoui and a fresh bark extracting solution of holly (seed soaking and 80% seedling emergence spraying for 1 time);
control 9: 5% of a mixed solution of ligustrum quihoui fresh leaf extract, holly fresh bark extract and purple leaf tiller fresh leaf extract (seed soaking and seedling emergence 80% spraying for 1 time);
control 10: 5% of a mixed solution of ligustrum quihoui fresh leaf extracting solution, holly bark extracting solution, purple leaf and tillering fresh leaf extracting solution and fresh leek extracting solution (seed soaking, 80% of seedling emergence and spraying for 1 time);
control 11: 5% of a mixed solution of ligustrum quihoui fresh leaf extract, holly fresh bark extract, purple leaf and berberis amurensis fresh leaf extract, fresh leek extract and betel nut fresh fruit extract (seed soaking and 80% seedling emergence spraying for 1 time).
The comparison 2-11 is carried out according to the steps of the example 2, the total fresh weight mass of the medicinal materials used in the comparison 2-11 is the same as that in the example 2, the proportion of the Chinese medicinal materials in the comparison 8-11 is the same as that of the corresponding medicinal materials in the example 2, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is not added in the other comparisons except the comparison 7. The measurement data were subjected to statistical analysis and variance analysis using excel2003 and DPS, and 3 replicates for each treatment were used.
In the above examples and the control, the germination and emergence conditions were investigated and recorded every day 4d before emergence until the emergence was complete, and the germination rate and germination vigor were calculated; randomly selecting 10 tobacco seedlings 7 days before transplanting, weighing fresh weight, deactivating enzyme at 105 deg.C for 30 min, oven drying at 80 deg.C for 60 hr, cooling to room temperature, weighing dry weight, averaging, calculating fresh-dry ratio, repeating for 3 times, and simultaneously investigating each treatment for 5m2And (4) the diseased tobacco seedlings are planted, and the diseased plant rate is calculated. Reported in table 3 below. Wherein: the seedling standard of the floating seedling tobacco seedlings refers to the national standard GB/T25241.1-2010; the seedling rate is the percentage of the total number of seedlings which meet the GB/T25241.1-2010 standard requirement and account for the whole seedlings; the days of seedling formation are days from the emergence rate reaching 50% to the seedling reaching the seedling formation standard, the standard of floating seedling raising and strong seedling refers to the national standard GB/T25241.1-2010, and the strong seedling rate (the number of strong seedling plants/the number of seedling-forming plants) is multiplied by 100%. Wherein:
1) germination rate (%) [ within 14d after sowing (number of all normally germinated seeds/number of all sown seeds) × 100 ];
2) germination vigor (%) [ within 10d after sowing (number of all normally germinated seeds/number of all sown seeds) × 100 ];
3) germination index ═ Σ Gt/Dt (where: counting the germination number from 1 day to 7 days after sowing, wherein Gt is the germination number of the day, and Dt is the germination number of the day).
TABLE 3 germination condition of Yunyan 99 seeds treated differently and quality index of tobacco seedlings
As can be seen from Table 3, the germination vigor, the germination rate, the germination index, the seedling establishment rate and the seedling establishment rate of the tobacco seeds treated by the seedling strengthening agent are respectively higher than those of the control 2.5-6.6%, 5.00-8.6%, 9.7-19.00, 3.2-7.4% and 1.5-7.4%, the fresh-dry ratio of the tobacco seedlings in the seedling establishment period is lower than that of the control 0.19-1.24, the diseased plant rate is lower than that of the control 0.21-3.14%, and the seedling establishment period is shortened by 2-5 days.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The composition for promoting germination of tobacco seeds, resisting stress and strengthening seedlings is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: the traditional Chinese medicine is prepared by extracting 15-20 parts by weight of ligustrum quihoui, 10-15 parts by weight of holly, 20-35 parts by weight of purple leaf tiller, 20-35 parts by weight of leek and 20-35 parts by weight of betel nut as raw materials;
the ligustrum quihoui is fresh leaves, the ilex purpurea is fresh ilex bark, the purple leaf tiller is fresh leaves, the leek is fresh root stem and leaf, and the areca is fresh fruit; drying and crushing fresh materials of all the components, mixing the materials according to the mass ratio, and extracting the mixture by using an ethanol solution.
2. The composition for promoting germination of tobacco seeds and resisting adversity and strong seedlings according to claim 1, wherein fresh materials are dried, crushed and mixed, mixed with 70% -80% ethanol according to the mass ratio of 1:3.0-5.0, and extracted for 4-5h by oscillation.
3. The composition for promoting germination of tobacco seeds and resisting adversity and strong seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the extracting solution is concentrated to a liquid with water content of 10% -15%.
4. A germination-promoting stress-resistant seedling-strengthening agent for tobacco seeds, which is a solution prepared from the germination-promoting stress-resistant seedling-strengthening composition for tobacco seeds of claim 1, 2 or 3 by adding water.
5. The germination-promoting stress-resistant seedling-strengthening agent for the tobacco seeds as claimed in claim 4, wherein 0.01-0.05% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals with the content of more than or equal to 95% are added into the composition for promoting the germination of the tobacco seeds and resisting the stress-resistant seedling before the composition is prepared into a solution.
6. The germination-promoting stress-resistant seedling-strengthening agent for the tobacco seeds as claimed in claim 4, wherein the mass concentration of the germination-promoting stress-resistant seedling-strengthening composition for the tobacco seeds in the solution is 5.0% -10.0%.
7. The use method of the tobacco seed germination-promoting anti-adversity seedling-strengthening agent as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 6, which is used for tobacco seeding and post-emergence use.
8. The use method of the germination-promoting stress-resistant seedling-strengthening agent for tobacco seeds as claimed in claim 7, wherein the method comprises placing tobacco seeds in the germination-strengthening agent for soaking for 45-60 minutes, air-drying and sowing, spraying when the seedling emergence rate reaches at least 80%, and spraying the seedbed at a spraying amount of 50-70g/m2(ii) a The number of tobacco seedlings is 800-2。
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