CN113349124A - Low-cost cultivation method for rice field crayfish broussonetia papyrifera leaves - Google Patents
Low-cost cultivation method for rice field crayfish broussonetia papyrifera leaves Download PDFInfo
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- CN113349124A CN113349124A CN202110784240.5A CN202110784240A CN113349124A CN 113349124 A CN113349124 A CN 113349124A CN 202110784240 A CN202110784240 A CN 202110784240A CN 113349124 A CN113349124 A CN 113349124A
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 241000238017 Astacoidea Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title claims description 92
- 241000705930 Broussonetia papyrifera Species 0.000 title claims description 56
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N saccharin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C2=C1 CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940081974 saccharin Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000019204 saccharin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000901 saccharin and its Na,K and Ca salt Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000933832 Broussonetia Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000003643 Callosities Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 206010020649 Hyperkeratosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000008467 Oryza sativa Japonica Group Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000052363 Cynodon dactylon Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000124033 Salix Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000062793 Sorghum vulgare Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019606 astringent taste Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019713 millet Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000018553 tannin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001864 tannin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001648 tannin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 abstract 8
- 240000006248 Broussonetia kazinoki Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000238030 Procambarus clarkii Species 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-cost cultivation method of paper mulberry leaves for rice field crayfishes, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: the layout of the shrimp rice field and the autumn corn planting rice field is as follows: arranging a row of corn planting fields and a row of crayfish breeding fields from north to south in sequence; the method comprises the steps of arranging 50 corn planting fields from north to south at intervals, arranging 50 crayfish breeding fields at intervals, arranging the corn fields and the crayfish rice at intervals, reasonably arranging the crayfish rice fields and the autumn corn planting rice fields, constructing a corn straw wind blocking zone in the rice fields in winter, laying an 'underwater straw heat preservation fermentation bed' at the bottom of a side ditch of the crayfish rice fields, obtaining and putting seedlings of the crayfish in autumn, fertilizing water out of season in winter, breeding biological baits, and fermenting to improve the temperature of a water body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of crayfish paddy field cultivation, in particular to a low-cost cultivation method of paper mulberry leaves for crayfish in a paddy field.
Background
The procambarus clarkii belongs to the class of the arthrobacteria, the class of crustaceans, the family of crayfishes and the genus of procambarus clarkii, is also named as crayfish, is known as procambarus clarkii (hereinafter collectively named as crayfish), has delicious meat taste and rich nutrition, is deeply loved by people, and is a main variety for culturing the shrimps at present. In recent years, due to the continuous progress of breeding technology, the supply of crayfish is rapidly increased, the market price returns rationally, the profit is in a continuous descending trend, and how to reduce the cost becomes a key link for the profit of the crayfish bred in the rice field. The method successfully breeds the rice field crayfishes by using the fermented broussonetia papyrifera leaves as the main component through continuous test exploration, and obviously reduces the feed cost.
Therefore, it is necessary to invent a low-cost cultivation method of the leaves of the paper mulberry of the crayfish in the rice field to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-cost cultivation method of paper mulberry leaves for rice field crayfishes, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a low-cost cultivation method of paper mulberry leaves for rice field crayfishes comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the layout of the shrimp rice field and the autumn corn planting rice field is as follows: arranging a row of corn planting fields and a row of crayfish breeding fields from north to south in sequence; 50 corn planting fields are arranged from north to south at intervals of 50 crayfish breeding fields, and the corn fields and the shrimp and rice are arranged at intervals;
step two: the construction of the corn straw wind-shielding zone in the rice field in winter: selecting a rectangular rice field with an east-west trend, and increasing the height of a ridge on the north side of the rice field to 100cm and the width of the ridge to 120 cm; selecting rectangular rice fields with the same size from the north side of the shrimp-culturing rice field to plant autumn corns, wherein the width in the north-south direction is not less than 50m, selecting high-stalk corn varieties, the plant height of the corn varieties can reach 1.8m, harvesting corn ears only after the autumn corns are mature, allowing the corn straws to stand in the rice field in the whole winter, and constructing a 'corn straw wind-blocking zone' for the shrimp-culturing rice field positioned on the south side;
step three: laying a 'water straw heat-preservation fermentation bed' at the bottom of a side ditch of a shrimp rice field: wheat straws of 5cm to 10cm, japonica rice straws of 5cm to 10cm, peanuts of 5cm to 10cm, japonica rice straws of 5cm to 10cm, a layer of fermentation biological fertilizer containing EM bacteria of 3cm to 5cm, millet straw of 5cm to 10cm, bermuda grass of 5cm to 10cm, willow branches of 5cm to 10cm, the wheat straws and the rice straws can be slowly fermented and heated in winter, the water temperature of the circular ditch can be increased, and the water level in the circular ditch can be maintained above 8 ℃ under the combined action of the corn straw wind-blocking zone on the north side and the underwater straw heat-preservation fermentation bed, so that the crayfish can normally eat and grow in winter;
step four: constructing an early spring warming zone of the rice field: the method is characterized in that no side ditch is excavated on the south side of the east-west moving direction rice field, the water level of the surface of the rice field is controlled not to exceed 30cm in spring, the water level on the south side of the rice field is rapidly heated up under the irradiation of sunlight in spring in daytime, the water temperature in the rice field is 11: 00-15: 00 higher, a circulating water pump is used for pushing a water body to circularly flow for more than 2 hours, the whole water level of the rice field is slowly lifted by the 'water body circulation' of the rice field, and the sunlight in early spring is better utilized, so that the feeding and the growth of crayfish in daytime (spring) are promoted;
step five: obtaining and putting in crayfish autumn offspring seeds: in autumn (after rice is harvested in 9 months in the year), early-autumn breeding seedlings are bred in a matched mode, large-size seedlings with the specification of more than 100 seedlings/kg are screened and thrown into a winter heat preservation area of the rice field, and the throwing density is calculated according to the area of the whole rice field, and the number of the seedlings is 5000 seedlings/mu and is about 50 kg/mu; putting crayfish fries to avoid strong light stress and improve the survival rate of the crayfish; the crayfish death rate is high under the stress of strong light, even if the local crayfish fries are thrown into a new rice field before the sun comes out, otherwise the crayfish fries have higher death rate due to the stress of the strong light; before putting the crayfish fries in the paddy field with higher transparency, sodium humate is splashed to adjust the water color and the transparency to about 20cm, so that the stress of the crayfish on strong light is reduced, and the survival rate of the fries is improved to 80-90%;
step six: fertilizing water out of season in winter, cultivating biological bait, fermenting to improve the water temperature: 125 kg of fully fermented organic fertilizer is applied to each mu in the middle ten days of 11 months, the organic fertilizer and EM bacteria are added for sealed fermentation for more than 15 days, plankton suitable for winter is cultivated, the proper transparency of the water body is maintained, live baits are provided for crayfish, meanwhile, the organic fertilizer continuously heats up when the water body is fermented, the temperature of the surrounding water body is increased, and the heat preservation effect of the winter heat preservation area is synergistically enhanced;
step seven: preparing broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermented feed: the fermentation material preparation method comprises the following steps: pulping or grinding folium Broussonetiae in late 9/month of autumn to obtain 500kg, adding about 100kg of corn flour or other energy feed powder, adding about 10kg of soybean flour, adding a bag of coarse feed degradation agent, and mixing the coarse feed degradation agent with corn flour in advance. Uniformly mixing, detecting the water content, pinching one piece by hand, printing the piece with water between fingers, compacting and sealing the piece by force, and fermenting for 7-9 days; in order to improve the astringency caused by a large amount of tannin in the paper mulberry leaves, saccharin can be added before fermentation for regulation, for example, 6-10 g of saccharin is added into every 100kg of fermentation material; dissolving saccharin in small amount of water, adding into the large material, and mixing;
step eight: winter heat preservation area, broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermentation material fertilizer and water: crushing the broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermentation material by a crusher in 11 middle ten days, filtering by a 40-mesh screen, and applying 30kg of the broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermentation material to each mu to cultivate plankton, maintain proper transparency of water and indirectly provide live baits for crayfish; on the other hand, the crushed broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermentation material can be directly used for feeding crayfish, so that the crayfish can quickly recover strength and enhance resistance in spring;
step nine: and (3) fertilizing and watering the fermentation material of the broussonetia papyrifera leaves in the rice field in early spring: crushing the broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermentation material by a crusher in 3 middle ten days, filtering by a 40-mesh screen, and applying 50kg of the broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermentation material to each mu to cultivate plankton, maintain proper transparency of water and indirectly provide live baits for crayfish; on the other hand, the crushed broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermentation material can be directly used for feeding crayfish, so that the crayfish can quickly recover strength and enhance resistance in spring;
step ten: feeding in the heat preservation area in winter in out-of-season mode: by the measures of the first step, the second step and the fourth step, the water temperature of the winter heat preservation area is basically over 5 ℃, and then broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermentation materials which are fermented, sealed and preserved in advance are fed into the winter heat preservation area of the rice field at about 11 am; the feeding amount is 1.5 to 2.5 percent of the weight of the crayfish group in the field;
step eleven: feeding fermented feed of broussonetia papyrifera leaves in early spring: feeding from 3 to 4 months later in the next year according to the amount of natural baits in the rice field, wherein the feeding amount per mu is 2.1 kg-3.0 kg; feeding for 1 time at a ratio of 16: 00-17: 00 every day, wherein the feed mainly comprises fermented broussonetia papyrifera leaves which are fermented, sealed and stored;
step twelve: feeding the broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermented material, wherein the yield of the crayfish per mu is 110 kg, the test area for culturing the crayfish by using the broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermented material is 60 mu, the yield of the crayfish is 6.6 tons in total, the feed coefficient is 5.24 when the broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermented feed is fed; 576.67 kg of broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermentation material is fed to each mu of area on average, and 110 kg of crayfish is produced.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:
the invention relates to a reasonable layout of a shrimp rice field and an autumn corn planting rice field, a corn straw wind-shielding belt in the rice field in winter is constructed, an 'underwater straw heat-preservation fermentation bed' is laid at the bottom of a side ditch of the shrimp rice field, seedlings of crayfish are obtained and put in autumn, anti-season rich water is adopted in winter, biological bait is cultivated, the water temperature is improved through fermentation, preparation of broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermentation feed, a winter heat preservation area, broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermentation feed rich water, the broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermentation feed rich water in the rice field in early spring, anti-season feeding in winter heat preservation area, early spring broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermentation feed feeding, and the yield of crayfish per mu is 110 kg.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a low-cost cultivation method of paper mulberry leaves for rice field crayfishes, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the layout of the shrimp rice field and the autumn corn planting rice field is as follows: arranging a row of corn planting fields and a row of crayfish breeding fields from north to south in sequence; 50 corn planting fields are arranged from north to south at intervals of 50 crayfish breeding fields, and the corn fields and the shrimp and rice are arranged at intervals;
step two: the construction of the corn straw wind-shielding zone in the rice field in winter: selecting a rectangular rice field with an east-west trend, and increasing the height of a ridge on the north side of the rice field to 100cm and the width of the ridge to 120 cm; selecting rectangular rice fields with the same size from the north side of the shrimp-culturing rice field to plant autumn corns, wherein the width in the north-south direction is not less than 50m, selecting high-stalk corn varieties, the plant height of the corn varieties can reach 1.8m, harvesting corn ears only after the autumn corns are mature, allowing the corn straws to stand in the rice field in the whole winter, and constructing a 'corn straw wind-blocking zone' for the shrimp-culturing rice field positioned on the south side;
step three: laying a 'water straw heat-preservation fermentation bed' at the bottom of a side ditch of a shrimp rice field: wheat straws of 5cm to 10cm, japonica rice straws of 5cm to 10cm, peanuts of 5cm to 10cm, japonica rice straws of 5cm to 10cm, a layer of fermentation biological fertilizer containing EM bacteria of 3cm to 5cm, millet straw of 5cm to 10cm, bermuda grass of 5cm to 10cm, willow branches of 5cm to 10cm, the wheat straws and the rice straws can be slowly fermented and heated in winter, the water temperature of the circular ditch can be increased, and the water level in the circular ditch can be maintained above 8 ℃ under the combined action of the corn straw wind-blocking zone on the north side and the underwater straw heat-preservation fermentation bed, so that the crayfish can normally eat and grow in winter;
step four: constructing an early spring warming zone of the rice field: the method is characterized in that no side ditch is excavated on the south side of the east-west moving direction rice field, the water level of the surface of the rice field is controlled not to exceed 30cm in spring, the water level on the south side of the rice field is rapidly heated up under the irradiation of sunlight in spring in daytime, the water temperature in the rice field is 11: 00-15: 00 higher, a circulating water pump is used for pushing a water body to circularly flow for more than 2 hours, the whole water level of the rice field is slowly lifted by the 'water body circulation' of the rice field, and the sunlight in early spring is better utilized, so that the feeding and the growth of crayfish in daytime (spring) are promoted;
step five: obtaining and putting in crayfish autumn offspring seeds: in autumn (after rice is harvested in 9 months in the year), early-autumn breeding seedlings are bred in a matched mode, large-size seedlings with the specification of more than 100 seedlings/kg are screened and thrown into a winter heat preservation area of the rice field, and the throwing density is calculated according to the area of the whole rice field, and the number of the seedlings is 5000 seedlings/mu and is about 50 kg/mu; putting crayfish fries to avoid strong light stress and improve the survival rate of the crayfish; the crayfish death rate is high under the stress of strong light, even if the local crayfish fries are thrown into a new rice field before the sun comes out, otherwise the crayfish fries have higher death rate due to the stress of the strong light; before putting the crayfish fries in the paddy field with higher transparency, sodium humate is splashed to adjust the water color and the transparency to about 20cm, so that the stress of the crayfish on strong light is reduced, and the survival rate of the fries is improved to 80-90%;
step six: fertilizing water out of season in winter, cultivating biological bait, fermenting to improve the water temperature: 125 kg of fully fermented organic fertilizer is applied to each mu in the middle ten days of 11 months, the organic fertilizer and EM bacteria are added for sealed fermentation for more than 15 days, plankton suitable for winter is cultivated, the proper transparency of the water body is maintained, live baits are provided for crayfish, meanwhile, the organic fertilizer continuously heats up when the water body is fermented, the temperature of the surrounding water body is increased, and the heat preservation effect of the winter heat preservation area is synergistically enhanced;
step seven: preparing broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermented feed: the fermentation material preparation method comprises the following steps: pulping or grinding folium Broussonetiae in late 9/month of autumn to obtain 500kg, adding about 100kg of corn flour or other energy feed powder, adding about 10kg of soybean flour, adding a bag of coarse feed degradation agent, and mixing the coarse feed degradation agent with corn flour in advance. Uniformly mixing, detecting the water content, pinching one piece by hand, printing the piece with water between fingers, compacting and sealing the piece by force, and fermenting for 7-9 days; in order to improve the astringency caused by a large amount of tannin in the paper mulberry leaves, saccharin can be added before fermentation for regulation, for example, 6-10 g of saccharin is added into every 100kg of fermentation material; dissolving saccharin in small amount of water, adding into the large material, and mixing;
step eight: winter heat preservation area, broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermentation material fertilizer and water: crushing the broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermentation material by a crusher in 11 middle ten days, filtering by a 40-mesh screen, and applying 30kg of the broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermentation material to each mu to cultivate plankton, maintain proper transparency of water and indirectly provide live baits for crayfish; on the other hand, the crushed broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermentation material can be directly used for feeding crayfish, so that the crayfish can quickly recover strength and enhance resistance in spring;
step nine: and (3) fertilizing and watering the fermentation material of the broussonetia papyrifera leaves in the rice field in early spring: crushing the broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermentation material by a crusher in 3 middle ten days, filtering by a 40-mesh screen, and applying 50kg of the broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermentation material to each mu to cultivate plankton, maintain proper transparency of water and indirectly provide live baits for crayfish; on the other hand, the crushed broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermentation material can be directly used for feeding crayfish, so that the crayfish can quickly recover strength and enhance resistance in spring;
step ten: feeding in the heat preservation area in winter in out-of-season mode: by the measures of the first step, the second step and the fourth step, the water temperature of the winter heat preservation area is basically over 5 ℃, and then broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermentation materials which are fermented, sealed and preserved in advance are fed into the winter heat preservation area of the rice field at about 11 am; the feeding amount is 1.5 to 2.5 percent of the weight of the crayfish group in the field;
step eleven: feeding fermented feed of broussonetia papyrifera leaves in early spring: feeding from 3 to 4 months later in the next year according to the amount of natural baits in the rice field, wherein the feeding amount per mu is 2.1 kg-3.0 kg; feeding for 1 time at a ratio of 16: 00-17: 00 every day, wherein the feed mainly comprises fermented broussonetia papyrifera leaves which are fermented, sealed and stored;
step twelve: feeding the broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermented material, wherein the yield of the crayfish per mu is 110 kg, the test area for culturing the crayfish by using the broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermented material is 60 mu, the yield of the crayfish is 6.6 tons in total, the feed coefficient is 5.24 when the broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermented feed is fed; 576.67 kg of broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermentation material is fed to each mu of area on average, and 110 kg of crayfish is produced.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A low-cost cultivation method of broussonetia papyrifera leaves in a rice field is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the layout of the shrimp rice field and the autumn corn planting rice field is as follows: arranging a row of corn planting fields and a row of crayfish breeding fields from north to south in sequence; 50 corn planting fields are arranged from north to south at intervals of 50 crayfish breeding fields, and the corn fields and the shrimp and rice are arranged at intervals;
step two: the construction of the corn straw wind-shielding zone in the rice field in winter: selecting a rectangular rice field with an east-west trend, and increasing the height of a ridge on the north side of the rice field to 100cm and the width of the ridge to 120 cm; selecting rectangular rice fields with the same size from the north side of the shrimp-culturing rice field to plant autumn corns, wherein the width in the north-south direction is not less than 50m, selecting high-stalk corn varieties, the plant height of the corn varieties can reach 1.8m, harvesting corn ears only after the autumn corns are mature, allowing the corn straws to stand in the rice field in the whole winter, and constructing a 'corn straw wind-blocking zone' for the shrimp-culturing rice field positioned on the south side;
step three: laying a 'water straw heat-preservation fermentation bed' at the bottom of a side ditch of a shrimp rice field: wheat straws of 5cm to 10cm, japonica rice straws of 5cm to 10cm, peanuts of 5cm to 10cm, japonica rice straws of 5cm to 10cm, a layer of fermentation biological fertilizer containing EM bacteria of 3cm to 5cm, millet straw of 5cm to 10cm, bermuda grass of 5cm to 10cm, willow branches of 5cm to 10cm, the wheat straws and the rice straws can be slowly fermented and heated in winter, the water temperature of the circular ditch can be increased, and the water level in the circular ditch can be maintained above 8 ℃ under the combined action of the corn straw wind-blocking zone on the north side and the underwater straw heat-preservation fermentation bed, so that the crayfish can normally eat and grow in winter;
step four: constructing an early spring warming zone of the rice field: the method is characterized in that no side ditch is excavated on the south side of the east-west moving direction rice field, the water level of the surface of the rice field is controlled not to exceed 30cm in spring, the water level on the south side of the rice field is rapidly heated up under the irradiation of sunlight in spring in daytime, the water temperature in the rice field is 11: 00-15: 00 higher, a circulating water pump is used for pushing a water body to circularly flow for more than 2 hours, the whole water level of the rice field is slowly lifted by the 'water body circulation' of the rice field, and the sunlight in early spring is better utilized, so that the feeding and the growth of crayfish in daytime (spring) are promoted;
step five: obtaining and putting in crayfish autumn offspring seeds: in autumn (after rice is harvested in 9 months in the year), early-autumn breeding seedlings are bred in a matched mode, large-size seedlings with the specification of more than 100 seedlings/kg are screened and thrown into a winter heat preservation area of the rice field, and the throwing density is calculated according to the area of the whole rice field, and the number of the seedlings is 5000 seedlings/mu and is about 50 kg/mu; putting crayfish fries to avoid strong light stress and improve the survival rate of the crayfish; the crayfish death rate is high under the stress of strong light, even if the local crayfish fries are thrown into a new rice field before the sun comes out, otherwise the crayfish fries have higher death rate due to the stress of the strong light; before putting the crayfish fries in the paddy field with higher transparency, sodium humate is splashed to adjust the water color and the transparency to about 20cm, so that the stress of the crayfish on strong light is reduced, and the survival rate of the fries is improved to 80-90%;
step six: fertilizing water out of season in winter, cultivating biological bait, fermenting to improve the water temperature: 125 kg of fully fermented organic fertilizer is applied to each mu in the middle ten days of 11 months, the organic fertilizer and EM bacteria are added for sealed fermentation for more than 15 days, plankton suitable for winter is cultivated, the proper transparency of the water body is maintained, live baits are provided for crayfish, meanwhile, the organic fertilizer continuously heats up when the water body is fermented, the temperature of the surrounding water body is increased, and the heat preservation effect of the winter heat preservation area is synergistically enhanced;
step seven: preparing broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermented feed: the fermentation material preparation method comprises the following steps: pulping or grinding folium Broussonetiae in late 9/month of autumn to obtain 500kg, adding about 100kg of corn flour or other energy feed powder, adding about 10kg of soybean flour, adding a bag of coarse feed degradation agent, and mixing the coarse feed degradation agent with corn flour in advance. Uniformly mixing, detecting the water content, pinching one piece by hand, printing the piece with water between fingers, compacting and sealing the piece by force, and fermenting for 7-9 days; in order to improve the astringency caused by a large amount of tannin in the paper mulberry leaves, saccharin can be added before fermentation for regulation, for example, 6-10 g of saccharin is added into every 100kg of fermentation material; dissolving saccharin in small amount of water, adding into the large material, and mixing;
step eight: winter heat preservation area, broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermentation material fertilizer and water: crushing the broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermentation material by a crusher in 11 middle ten days, filtering by a 40-mesh screen, and applying 30kg of the broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermentation material to each mu to cultivate plankton, maintain proper transparency of water and indirectly provide live baits for crayfish; on the other hand, the crushed broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermentation material can be directly used for feeding crayfish, so that the crayfish can quickly recover strength and enhance resistance in spring;
step nine: and (3) fertilizing and watering the fermentation material of the broussonetia papyrifera leaves in the rice field in early spring: crushing the broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermentation material by a crusher in 3 middle ten days, filtering by a 40-mesh screen, and applying 50kg of the broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermentation material to each mu to cultivate plankton, maintain proper transparency of water and indirectly provide live baits for crayfish; on the other hand, the crushed broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermentation material can be directly used for feeding crayfish, so that the crayfish can quickly recover strength and enhance resistance in spring;
step ten: feeding in the heat preservation area in winter in out-of-season mode: by the measures of the first step, the second step and the fourth step, the water temperature of the winter heat preservation area is basically over 5 ℃, and then broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermentation materials which are fermented, sealed and preserved in advance are fed into the winter heat preservation area of the rice field at about 11 am; the feeding amount is 1.5 to 2.5 percent of the weight of the crayfish group in the field;
step eleven: feeding fermented feed of broussonetia papyrifera leaves in early spring: feeding from 3 to 4 months later in the next year according to the amount of natural baits in the rice field, wherein the feeding amount per mu is 2.1 kg-3.0 kg; feeding for 1 time at a ratio of 16: 00-17: 00 every day, wherein the feed mainly comprises fermented broussonetia papyrifera leaves which are fermented, sealed and stored;
step twelve: feeding the broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermented material, wherein the yield of the crayfish per mu is 110 kg, the test area for culturing the crayfish by using the broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermented material is 60 mu, the yield of the crayfish is 6.6 tons in total, the feed coefficient is 5.24 when the broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermented feed is fed; 576.67 kg of broussonetia papyrifera leaf fermentation material is fed to each mu of area on average, and 110 kg of crayfish is produced.
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