CN107494095A - A kind of rice shrimp makees the organic breeding method of ecology altogether - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a rice and shrimp co-cropping ecological organic planting method, including the construction of standardized breeding fields, artificial breeding of earthworm bait, preparation before feeding shrimp seedlings, feeding of shrimp seedlings, management of breeding period, cultivation of rice, fishing ; The present invention does not use chemical fertilizers to plant rice without changing the standards for cultivating field construction, rice varieties and shrimp cultivars, and its nutrient supply comes from the waste reuse of cultured live bait; Earthworms are used to feed crayfish, thereby realizing green and organic production of rice and crayfish, and improving economic and social benefits.

Description

A kind of rice shrimp co-cropping ecological organic planting method

technical field

The invention relates to the fields of crops and aquaculture, in particular to a method for ecologically organic farming of rice and shrimp.

Background technique

In crop production, rice is the most constrained crop by water and soil resources. At present, the development of the rice industry is facing severe situations such as steady growth in consumption, increased resource constraints, disastrous climate, frequent occurrence of diseases and insect pests, and low comparative benefits. In order to stabilize and increase production, chemical fertilizers and pesticides are widely used in traditional rice production. This not only brings hidden dangers to food safety, but also causes long-term accumulation of toxic substances such as organic matter and heavy metals, which can also cause soil compaction, deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties, and damage to the ecological environment.

Crayfish, also known as Procambarus clarkii, has strong adaptability and widely exists in freshwater ponds. It reproduces quickly and has a short breeding cycle. It is popular in the market because of its delicious meat and rich nutrition. Artificially cultured crayfish has broad development prospects and good economic benefits. However, due to serious water pollution, the quality of wild crayfish has been seriously affected. In order to increase production, artificial breeding usually adds various mixed feeds, which is not conducive to improving product quality, and food safety cannot be guaranteed.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a rice and shrimp co-cropping ecological organic planting method.

The idea of the present invention is to use the principle of symbiosis and complementarity between animals and plants to carry out ecological planting and breeding through corresponding breeding techniques and management measures, so that animals and plants can grow together in a certain breeding space or area, so as to maintain ecological balance and improve The purpose of breeding benefits. At the same time, through the construction of a bait base, the cultivated earthworms are used as living biological bait to realize the ecological organic farming of rice and shrimp.

For this reason, the technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of rice and shrimp co-cropping ecological organic planting method, it is characterized in that: comprise following planting step:

A. Construction of standardized farming fields: choose loamy soil farming fields with sufficient water sources, convenient drainage and irrigation, far away from pollution sources, and good water retention performance; dig "back-shaped" ditches and build ridges in the farming fields, set inlet and outlet outlets and control device and install anti-escape facilities, in which: take 40 mu of farmed field as a unit, dig a ditch between the farmed field and the ridge, and tamp it firmly. 1.3-1.4m; the water inlet is provided with a 0.6m high, smooth inner wall escape-proof wall or anti-escape board around the ditch, and an escape-proof net is installed at the inlet and outlet; pre-buried sunshade nets or plastic film shed brackets in the ditch, Asbestos tiles or hollow tiles or old tires are placed in the bottom section of the ditch, and bamboo chips are set up as a feed platform; Tianzi ridges are built around the inner edge of the breeding field;

B. Artificial breeding of bait earthworms: build an underground breeding pond of 10 m × 2 m × 1.5 m, tamp the bottom of the pond and the ridge of the pond, and mix 60% of human or pig, sheep, rabbit, cow, horse and chicken manure with 40% of vegetable waste, melon and fruit peels, sludge, forage and sawdust, garbage and leaves are mixed with each other and stacked in the built pool with a height of 1.5 meters to maintain a water content of 70%. The upper cover is airtight for 20 - 30 days to carry out compost retting fermentation to obtain earthworm feed; spread the fully fermented feed in the culture pond with a stacking height of 20 cm, pull out a ditch along the center line of the culture pond, and put the earthworm seedlings Wherein, allow it to drill in the excrement voluntarily, water the feed heap and the ditch before putting the worms, stocking density 0.5 kg/square meter, and then replenish some water, which is beneficial to the activities of the worms;

Management during the earthworm breeding period: first, build a 2-meter-high sunshade shed with bamboo on the breeding pond, and cover it with a sunshade net with a shading rate of 70-80%; Straw, moisturizing and ventilating; the third is to observe the moisture content of the feed heap in the breeding pond every afternoon, and water frequently to keep it moist; water once a day in summer, water once in 5-10 days in the low temperature period, and water in 3-5 days in the cool period 1 time to keep the humidity at 30±1%; the fourth is to add feed after collecting earthworms when there are still 20% of feed in the feed pile. Before adding feed, pour some water in the pool. Leave a gap of 5-8 cm between them; the fifth is to choose sunny days when the temperature is between 15 and 25°C to remove vermicompost in time, and use it as a fertilizer for rice fields for future use;

C. Preparations before putting in shrimp seedlings:

The first step of field disinfection: After the completion of the paddy field transformation, water is poured, and the water is released after 2 to 3 days, and 100 kg of quicklime per mu is sprinkled into the field for disinfection. After the quicklime is sprinkled, drainage and irrigation cannot be performed within 5 days;

The second step of cultivating fertilizer and water: After the ditches are disinfected, put an appropriate amount of farmhouse decomposed manure in the water area, and put 150 kg to 250 kg of decomposed manure per mu. The water transparency in the ditches will reach 30 to 35 cm, and it will be green. After 5 days, the ditches will be green. Medium plankton generation;

The third step is to plant aquatic plants: the next day after the rice field is disinfected, transplant some aquatic plants into the ditch, and then fill the field with water. While cultivating fertilizer and water, evenly stock a certain number of floating plants, and these plants will enter the ditch Soak with quicklime before soaking to kill the harmful organisms and pathogens in the plants; aquatic plants choose water peanuts, duckweed, sunflower seeds, bitter grass, weed, hydrilla, hornwort, water hyacinth or eel. Chlorophyta or any combination of aquatic plants therein;

D. Putting in of shrimp seedlings: after rice seedlings are planted, put in 5 kilograms per mu for the first time, and put in 10 kilograms after two days. After the seedlings are put in, then put in 10 kilograms every 20 days, and put in 4-5 kilograms of seedlings in total. 5 batches, with a total of 40-60 kg of seedlings per mu; when putting in, the container with the shrimp seedlings should be submerged in the water, so that the shrimp seedlings and the water in the ditch can be integrated, and then slowly pull out the container, one time Put enough quantity, and the specifications of shrimp fry are the same;

E. Management during breeding period:

One is fertilization: In addition to applying base fertilizer to improve the water quality before putting in crayfish seedlings, topdress a certain amount of decomposed fertilizer according to the change of water quality, once a month, and the amount of fertilizer per mu is 100-150 kg each time. The application amount is adjusted according to the season, weather, temperature and water color;

The second is the control of PH value: the PH value of the crayfish breeding water is maintained between 7.6-8.4. From April to August, 6-9 kg of quicklime is used per mu, and the slurry is splashed on the entire ditch;

The third is the feeding method: animal and plant baits are reasonably matched for feeding. The animal bait is the earthworms raised in step B, accounting for 35%-40%, the plant bait accounts for 60%-65%, and the plant bait accounts for 60%-65%. The bait is aquatic plants or terrestrial grasses, and the terrestrial grasses can use wheat seedlings, grass seedlings, Sudan grass, alfalfa, and green vegetables;

For the crayfish with a size of 2-3 cm, because they are small and do not choose the time of feeding, they can be fed 2-3 times a day, and 200-500 grams of earthworms are fed per mu, and they are fed for about 60 days in spring and autumn. , After feeding for 40-50 days in summer, the individual crayfish will grow larger and can be fed in the same way as prawns; for juvenile shrimp with a size of more than 250/kg, bait can be fed twice a day, and it can be fed during high temperature growth season 3 times; when the water temperature is lower than 13°C, stop feeding; generally put 100-150 kg of aquatic plants per mu every 15 days, and feed earthworm bait at the same time to keep the protein content of the bait at about 25%; the daily feeding amount is based on the ditch 2%-6% of the total amount of shrimp, and at the same time increase or decrease according to the season, weather, water quality, physiological status of shrimp and crayfish feeding situation; when the temperature is high, it grows rapidly, feeds vigorously, and feeds a large amount; when the temperature is low, it grows Slow, weak food intake, small feeding amount; suitable water temperature from June to September, which is the peak growth period of crayfish, generally feeding 2-3 times a day, at 9-10 am and in the evening or night, daily feeding The amount is 5%-8% of the body weight of the shrimp; in other seasons, it is fed once a day in the evening, or once in the morning of the next day according to the feeding situation, and the daily feeding amount is 1%-3% of the body weight; the bait Feeding should pay attention to feeding more when the weather is fine, and less feeding when high temperature is hot, continuous rainy days or water quality is too thick; less feeding when a large number of shrimp moulting, and more feeding after moulting;

The fourth is water level control: In the process of crayfish breeding, when the temperature is low in early spring, the water level can be lowered, and the water depth can be kept at 30-40 cm, so that the water temperature can rise quickly; as the temperature gradually rises, the water level can be gradually increased. During the high temperature season in summer, keep the water depth at 1.0-1.2 meters; during the crayfish breeding period, add new water once every 10-15 days when the temperature is low, and add water once every 7-10 days in summer to maintain the dissolved oxygen in the water Above 5 mg/L;

F, the cultivation of paddy rice: the paddy field of shrimp paddy co-production adopts one season of mid-season rice per year, planting according to the conventional method of selecting varieties, building seedling ponds, grain germination, sowing, cultivating strong seedlings, field fertilization, timely transplanting, and later stage management , of which: the base fertilizer is mainly decomposed fertilizer, and the vermicompost rich in humus is used as supplementary fertilizer; sow on April 8, emerge on April 15, transplant when 4 leaves and 1 heart are on May 14, and turn green on May 21 , split on June 20th, harvest on July 25th, mature on September 10th, and harvest on September 15th;

G. Fishing: When the weight of crayfish reaches 20-30 grams or more, you can start to use ground cages or nets for selective fishing.

As preferably, the ditch area described in step A should be controlled within 15% of the breeding field area.

As a preference, an air compression aerator or a spray aerator is installed in the step A, which can replenish the too low amount of dissolved oxygen in the water in time during the summer high temperature period, cloudy and rainy days and sudden changes in weather.

As a preference, the earthworm described in step B is selected from the excellent Daping No. 2 red earthworm.

As a preference, the planting area of aquatic plants in step C is controlled at 30%-40% of the area of the ring ditch; it can be selected: plant water peanuts on the periphery of the ditch, plant bitter grass in the center of the ditch, plant Hydrilla verticillium on the side of the ditch near the rice field, and feed on the side of the platform Plant weeds.

As a preference, the feeding timing of the shrimp seedlings described in step D is carried out on sunny mornings, evenings or cloudy days, avoiding direct sunlight; when feeding, the shrimp baskets are repeatedly immersed in water to test the water for 2-3 times, each time for 1-2 minutes, so that the young Shrimp adapt to the water temperature, and the temperature difference does not exceed 2°C. They should be placed in the shallow water planting grass on the edge of the ditch.

Preferably, the rice planted in step F is the hybrid rice "Zhongyou 85" with compact plants, strong stress resistance, high yield and good quality.

Beneficial effect

Without changing the construction standards of breeding fields, rice varieties and shrimp varieties, no chemical fertilizers and pesticides are used to grow rice, and its nutrient supply comes from the reuse of waste from breeding live bait. The control of diseases and insect pests adopts non-toxic side effects and no residues of biological pesticides and physical methods; using fermented livestock manure to breed earthworms and feed crayfish with earthworms, so as to realize the green and organic production of rice and crayfish.

Using earthworms as bait, earthworms can loosen the soil, accelerate the decomposition of organic matter in the soil, restore and maintain the ecological balance of the soil; at the same time, make water and fertilizer easy to enter and improve the fertility of the soil, which is beneficial to the growth of plants; it can also purify Water quality, the body of earthworms contains a lot of protein and fat, with high nutritional value, it is an excellent protein feed and food, and can provide rich natural bait for crayfish;

Vermicompost rich in humus is a high-quality organic fertilizer. When the water content is 32.5%, the total nitrogen is 1.21%, and when the water content is about 11%, the total nitrogen is about 3.6%. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in vermicompost is higher than that of soil, and its water retention, fertilizer retention and aeration are better. It has obvious effect of increasing production when applied in rice fields.

Improved economic benefits: According to the test results in 2016, the yield of rice per mu is 400 kilograms, which is the same as that of single-planted rice; the yield of crayfish per mu is 100 kilograms, and the output value is 3,000 yuan. After deducting the cost of 1,000 yuan, the net income of crayfish is 2,000 yuan. At the same time, because the rice in the shrimp field does not use chemical fertilizers and pesticides, it is a green food, and the price of the processed rice is more than 2 yuan higher than that of ordinary rice; 3600 yuan, compared with the single planting of rice, the net increase of 3960 yuan in output value per mu, and the net increase of 2960 yuan in net income.

Improve the comprehensive benefits: Crayfish are raised in rice fields, the rice produced is organic rice, and the crayfish produced are organic aquatic products. At the same time, the protein content is increased by 20%, and the edible rate is increased by 10%. It can not only ensure that people's food rations are not reduced, but also enrich people's food structure; it can not only allow people to eat delicious food, but also increase people's dietary nutrition; it can not only allow farmers to produce organic food, but also increase farmers' economic income .

detailed description

A kind of rice shrimp co-cropping ecological organic planting and breeding method comprises the following planting steps:

A. Construction of standardized farming fields: choose loamy soil farming fields with sufficient water sources, convenient drainage and irrigation, far away from pollution sources, and good water retention performance; dig "back-shaped" ditches and build ridges in the farming fields, set inlet and outlet outlets and control The device is equipped with anti-escape facilities, in which: 40 mu of aquaculture field is used as a unit, and a ditch is dug and tamped between the aquaculture field and the ridge. The ditch is an inverted trapezoid to provide a combination of depth and shallow water environment. The width is 3.5±0.2m, and the ditch is 1.3-1.4m deep; the water inlet is provided with a 0.6m high, smooth inner wall and an escape-proof wall around the ditch, and an escape-proof net is installed at the inlet and outlet; pre-buried in the ditch Shade nets or plastic film shed supports, asbestos tiles or hollow tiles or old tires are placed in the bottom of the ditch for crayfish to inhabit and safely metamorphose, and bamboo chips are also used as feed platforms; Tianzi ridges are built around the inner edge of the breeding field;

B. Artificial breeding of bait earthworms: build an underground breeding pond of 10 m × 2 m × 1.5 m, tamp the bottom of the pond and the ridge of the pond, and mix 60% of human or pig, sheep, rabbit, cow, horse and chicken manure with 40% of vegetable waste, melon and fruit peels, sludge, forage and sawdust, garbage and leaves are mixed with each other and stacked in the built pool with a height of 1.5 meters to maintain a water content of 70%. The upper cover is airtight for 20 - 30 days to carry out compost retting fermentation to obtain earthworm feed; spread the fully fermented feed in the culture pond with a stacking height of 20 cm, pull out a ditch along the center line of the culture pond, and put the earthworm seedlings Wherein, allow it to drill in the excrement voluntarily, water the feed heap and the ditch before putting the worms, stocking density 0.5 kg/square meter, and then replenish some water, which is beneficial to the activities of the worms;

Management during the earthworm breeding period: first, build a 2-meter-high sunshade shed with bamboo on the breeding pond, and cover it with a sunshade net with a shading rate of 70-80%; Straw, moisturizing and ventilating; the third is to observe the moisture content of the feed heap in the breeding pond every afternoon, and water frequently to keep it moist; water once a day in summer, water once in 5-10 days in the low temperature period, and water in 3-5 days in the cool period Once, keep the humidity at 30±1%, which can promote earthworms to eat more, grow faster, lay more eggs, have a high hatching rate of egg cocoons and a high survival rate of young worms; the fourth is to collect earthworms when there are 20% of the feed in the feed pile After adding the feed, pour some water in the pond before adding the feed. The added feed is in the shape of a plum blossom, leaving a gap of 5-8 cm between the piles; the fifth is to select sunny days when the temperature is 15-25°C and remove the vermicompost in time. Fertilizer for paddy field, spare;

C. Preparations before putting in shrimp seedlings:

The first step of field disinfection: After the completion of the paddy field transformation, water is poured, and the water is released after 2 to 3 days, and 100 kg of quicklime per mu is sprinkled into the field for disinfection. After the quicklime is sprinkled, drainage and irrigation cannot be performed within 5 days;

The second step is to cultivate fertilizer and water: after the ditches are sterilized, put an appropriate amount of farmhouse decomposed manure in the water area, and put 150 kg to 250 kg of decomposed manure per mu. The purpose is to use plankton as lobster bait, but these are not food for crayfish. The transparency of the water in the ditch reaches 30 to 35 cm and is turquoise. After 5 days, plankton will form in the ditch;

The third step is to plant aquatic plants: aquatic plants are the attachments and natural bait that the shrimp body depends on for survival, which can purify the pool water and control the fertility of the pool water; the next day after the paddy field is disinfected, transplant some aquatic plants into the ditch, and then the field Irrigate with water, and while cultivating fertilizer and water, evenly stock a certain number of floating plants. Before entering the ditch, these plants should be soaked with quicklime to kill the harmful organisms and pathogens in the plants; aquatic plants use water peanuts and duckweeds. , sunflower seedlings, bitter grass, weed, hydrilla, hornwort, water hyacinth or elodea or any combination of aquatic plants; optional: plant water peanuts on the periphery of the ditch, plant bitter grass in the center of the ditch, The side of the ditch close to the paddy field is planted with Hydrilla verticillium, and the side of the fodder platform is planted with Smilax.

D. Putting in of shrimp seedlings: after rice seedlings are planted, put in 5 kilograms per mu for the first time, and put in 10 kilograms after two days. After the seedlings are put in, then put in 10 kilograms every 20 days, and put in 4-5 kilograms of seedlings in total. 5 batches, with a total of 40-60 kg of seedlings per mu; when putting in, the container with the shrimp seedlings should be submerged in the water, so that the shrimp seedlings and the water in the ditch can be integrated, and then slowly pull out the container, one time Put enough quantity, and the specifications of shrimp fry are the same;

E. Management during breeding period:

One is fertilization: In addition to applying basal fertilizer to improve water quality before putting crayfish seedlings in, a certain amount of decomposed fertilizer should be topdressed according to changes in water quality to ensure the supply of zooplankton in the water. Generally, it is applied once a month, every time The amount of fertilization per mu is 100-150 kg, and the amount of topdressing fertilizer is adjusted according to the season, weather, temperature, and water color; generally, in spring and autumn, due to the low water temperature and slow decomposition of organic matter, the amount of fertilization can be increased, and in summer high temperature season, reduce fertilization Quantity; apply more when the weather is sunny, apply less in rainy days, and do not apply in hot weather before thunderstorms; when fertilizing, it depends on the color of the water. Generally, the water in the ditch is grass green, tea brown and has no turbidity. Its transparency is below 30cm When the water is above 30cm, apply fertilizer in time. If the water color is dark brown or the water area accumulates yellow-green water, you should change the water and then apply fertilizer;

The second is the control of PH value: the PH value of the crayfish breeding water is maintained between 7.6-8.4. From April to August, 6-9 kg of quicklime is used per mu, and the slurry is sprinkled on the entire ditch, which is conducive to the removal of crayfish. Shell growth and pest control;

The third is the feeding method: animal and plant baits are fed with a reasonable combination to meet the needs of crayfish growth; the animal bait is the earthworms raised in step B, accounting for 35%-40%, and the plant bait accounts for 35%-40%. 60%-65%, plant-based bait is aquatic plants or terrestrial grasses, and terrestrial grasses can use wheat seedlings, grass seedlings, Sudan grass, alfalfa, and green vegetables;

For the crayfish with a size of 2-3 cm, because they are small and do not choose the time of feeding, they can be fed 2-3 times a day, and 200-500 grams of earthworms are fed per mu, and they are fed for about 60 days in spring and autumn. , After feeding for 40-50 days in summer, the individual crayfish will grow larger and can be fed in the same way as prawns; for juvenile shrimp with a size of more than 250/kg, bait can be fed twice a day, and it can be fed during high temperature growth season 3 times; when the water temperature is lower than 13°C, stop feeding; generally put 100-150 kg of aquatic plants per mu every 15 days, and feed earthworm bait at the same time to keep the protein content of the bait at about 25%; the daily feeding amount is based on the ditch 2%-6% of the total amount of shrimp, and at the same time increase or decrease according to the season, weather, water quality, physiological status of shrimp and crayfish feeding situation; when the temperature is high, it grows rapidly, feeds vigorously, and feeds a large amount; when the temperature is low, it grows Slow, weak food intake, small feeding amount; suitable water temperature from June to September, which is the peak growth period of crayfish, generally feeding 2-3 times a day, at 9-10 am and in the evening or night, daily feeding The amount is 5%-8% of the body weight of the shrimp; in other seasons, it is fed once a day in the evening, or once in the morning of the next day according to the feeding situation, and the daily feeding amount is 1%-3% of the body weight; the bait Feeding should pay attention to feeding more when the weather is fine, and less feeding when high temperature is hot, continuous rainy days or water quality is too thick; less feeding when a large number of shrimp moulting, and more feeding after moulting;

The fourth is water level control: in the process of crayfish breeding, when the temperature is low in early spring, the water level can be lowered, and the water depth can be kept at 30-40 cm, so that the water temperature can rise quickly; as the temperature gradually rises, the water level can be gradually increased; During the high temperature season in summer, keep the water depth at 1.0-1.2 meters; if the water level is too low when the temperature is high in summer, the gonad development of crayfish will be accelerated, causing premature maturity of shrimp, resulting in small commercial shrimp individuals; New water should be added once every 10-15 days, and water should be added once every 7-10 days in summer to keep the dissolved oxygen in the water above 5 mg/L;

F. Cultivation of rice: The paddy field of shrimp and rice co-production adopts one season of mid-season rice per year, and is planted according to the conventional methods of selecting varieties, building seedling ponds, accelerating germination of grain seeds, sowing, cultivating strong seedlings, field fertilization, timely transplanting, and post-management , of which: the base fertilizer is mainly decomposed fertilizer, and the vermicompost rich in humus is used as supplementary fertilizer; sow on April 8, emerge on April 15, transplant when 4 leaves and 1 heart are on May 14, and turn green on May 21 , split on June 20th, harvest on July 25th, mature on September 10th, and harvest on September 15th;

G. Fishing: When the weight of crayfish reaches 20-30 grams or more, you can start to use ground cages or nets for selective fishing.

The area of the ditch described in step A should be controlled within 15% of the area of the breeding field.

In step A, an air compression aerator or a spray aerator is added to supplement the low dissolved oxygen in the water in time during the high temperature period in summer, rainy days and sudden changes in weather.

The earthworms described in step B are selected from the excellent Daping No. 2 red earthworms.

In step C, the planting area of aquatic plants is controlled at 30%-40% of the ring ditch area;

The timing of putting in the shrimp seedlings described in step D is carried out in the morning, evening or cloudy day on a sunny day, avoiding direct sunlight; when putting in, repeatedly immerse the shrimp basket in water to test the water for 2-3 times, each time for 1-2 minutes, so that the juvenile shrimp can adapt to the water temperature , the temperature difference does not exceed 2°C, and it should be placed in the grass planting place in shallow water by the ditch.

The rice planted in step F is the hybrid rice "Zhongyou 85" with compact plants, strong stress resistance, high yield and good quality.

Claims (7)

1. A kind of rice shrimp co-crops ecological organic planting method, it is characterized in that: comprise following planting steps: A. Construction of standardized farming fields: choose loamy soil farming fields with sufficient water sources, convenient drainage and irrigation, far away from pollution sources, and good water retention performance; dig "back-shaped" ditches and build ridges in the farming fields, set inlet and outlet outlets and control device and install anti-escape facilities, in which: take 40 mu of farmed field as a unit, dig a ditch between the farmed field and the ridge, and tamp it firmly. 1.3-1.4m; the water inlet is provided with a 0.6m high, smooth inner wall escape-proof wall or anti-escape board around the ditch, and an escape-proof net is installed at the inlet and outlet; pre-buried sunshade nets or plastic film shed brackets in the ditch, Asbestos tiles or hollow tiles or old tires are placed at the bottom of the ditch, and bamboo chips are set up as a feed platform; Tianzi ridges are built around the inner edge of the breeding field; B. Artificial breeding of bait earthworms: build an underground breeding pond of 10 m × 2 m × 1.5 m, tamp the bottom of the pond and the ridge of the pond, and mix 60% of human or pig, sheep, rabbit, cow, horse and chicken manure with 40% of vegetable waste, melon and fruit peels, sludge, forage and sawdust, garbage and leaves are mixed with each other and stacked in the built pool with a height of 1.5 meters to maintain a water content of 70%. The upper cover is airtight for 20 - 30 days to carry out compost retting fermentation to obtain earthworm feed; spread the fully fermented feed in the culture pond with a stacking height of 20 cm, pull out a ditch along the center line of the culture pond, and put the earthworm seedlings Wherein, allow it to drill in the excrement voluntarily, water the feed heap and the ditch before putting the worms, stocking density 0.5 kg/square meter, and then replenish some water, which is beneficial to the activities of the worms; Management during the earthworm breeding period: first, build a 2-meter-high sunshade shed with bamboo on the breeding pond, and cover it with a sunshade net with a shading rate of 70-80%; Straw, moisturizing and ventilating; the third is to observe the moisture content of the feed heap in the breeding pond every afternoon, and water frequently to keep it moist; water once a day in summer, water once in 5-10 days in the low temperature period, and water in 3-5 days in the cool period 1 time to keep the humidity at 30±1%; the fourth is to add feed after collecting earthworms when there are still 20% of feed in the feed pile. Before adding feed, pour some water in the pool. Leave a gap of 5-8 cm between them; the fifth is to choose sunny days when the temperature is between 15 and 25°C to remove vermicompost in time, and use it as a fertilizer for rice fields for future use; C. Preparations before putting in shrimp seedlings: The first step of field disinfection: After the completion of the paddy field transformation, water is poured, and the water is released after 2 to 3 days, and 100 kg of quicklime per mu is sprinkled into the field for disinfection. After the quicklime is sprinkled, drainage and irrigation cannot be performed within 5 days; The second step of cultivating fertilizer and water: After the ditches are disinfected, put an appropriate amount of farmhouse decomposed manure in the water area, and put 150 kg to 250 kg of decomposed manure per mu. The water transparency in the ditches will reach 30 to 35 cm, and it will be green. After 5 days, the ditches will be green. Medium plankton generation; The third step is to plant aquatic plants: the next day after the rice field is disinfected, transplant some aquatic plants into the ditch, and then fill the field with water. While cultivating fertilizer and water, evenly stock a certain number of floating plants, and these plants will enter the ditch Soak with quicklime before soaking to kill the harmful organisms and pathogens in the plants; aquatic plants choose water peanuts, duckweed, sunflower seeds, bitter grass, weed, hydrilla, hornwort, water hyacinth or eel. Dietary algae or any combination of aquatic plants therein; D. Putting in of shrimp seedlings: after rice seedlings are planted, put in 5 kilograms per mu for the first time, and put in 10 kilograms after two days. After the seedlings are put in, then put in 10 kilograms every 20 days, and put in 4-5 kilograms of seedlings in total. 5 batches, with a total of 40-60 kg of seedlings per mu; when putting in, the container with the shrimp seedlings should be submerged in the water, so that the shrimp seedlings and the water in the ditch can be integrated, and then slowly pull out the container, one time Put enough quantity, and the specifications of shrimp fry are the same; E. Management during breeding period: One is fertilization: In addition to applying base fertilizer to improve the water quality before putting in crayfish seedlings, topdress a certain amount of decomposed fertilizer according to the change of water quality, once a month, and the amount of fertilizer per mu is 100-150 kg each time. The application amount is adjusted according to the season, weather, temperature and water color; The second is the control of PH value: the PH value of the crayfish breeding water is maintained between 7.6-8.4. From April to August, 6-9 kg of quicklime is used per mu, and the slurry is splashed on the entire ditch; The third is the feeding method: animal and plant baits are reasonably matched for feeding. The animal bait is the earthworms raised in step B, accounting for 35%-40%, the plant bait accounts for 60%-65%, and the plant bait accounts for 60%-65%. The bait is aquatic plants or terrestrial grasses, and the terrestrial grasses can use wheat seedlings, grass seedlings, Sudan grass, alfalfa, and green vegetables; For the crayfish with a size of 2-3 cm, because they are small and do not choose the time of feeding, they can be fed 2-3 times a day, and 200-500 grams of earthworms are fed per mu, and they are fed for about 60 days in spring and autumn. , After feeding for 40-50 days in summer, the individual crayfish will grow larger and can be fed in the same way as prawns; for juvenile shrimp with a size of more than 250/kg, bait can be fed twice a day, and it can be fed during high temperature growth season 3 times; when the water temperature is lower than 13°C, stop feeding; generally put 100-150 kg of aquatic plants per mu every 15 days, and feed earthworm bait at the same time to keep the protein content of the bait at about 25%; the daily feeding amount is based on the ditch 2%-6% of the total amount of shrimp, and at the same time increase or decrease according to the season, weather, water quality, physiological status of shrimp and crayfish feeding situation; when the temperature is high, it grows rapidly, feeds vigorously, and feeds a large amount; when the temperature is low, it grows Slow, weak food intake, small feeding amount; suitable water temperature from June to September, which is the peak growth period of crayfish, generally feeding 2-3 times a day, at 9-10 am and in the evening or night, daily feeding The amount is 5%-8% of the body weight of the shrimp; in other seasons, it is fed once a day in the evening, or once in the morning of the next day according to the feeding situation, and the daily feeding amount is 1%-3% of the body weight; the bait Feeding should pay attention to feeding more when the weather is fine, and less feeding when high temperature is hot, continuous rainy days or water quality is too thick; less feeding when a large number of shrimp moulting, more feeding after moulting; The fourth is water level control: In the process of crayfish breeding, when the temperature is low in early spring, the water level can be lowered, and the water depth can be kept at 30-40 cm, so that the water temperature can rise quickly; as the temperature gradually rises, the water level can be gradually increased. During the high temperature season in summer, keep the water depth at 1.0-1.2 meters; during the crayfish breeding period, add new water once every 10-15 days when the temperature is low, and add water once every 7-10 days in summer to maintain the dissolved oxygen in the water Above 5 mg/L; F, the cultivation of paddy rice: the paddy field of shrimp paddy co-production adopts one season of mid-season rice per year, planting according to the conventional method of selecting varieties, building seedling ponds, grain germination, sowing, cultivating strong seedlings, field fertilization, timely transplanting, and later stage management , of which: the base fertilizer is mainly decomposed fertilizer, and the vermicompost rich in humus is used as supplementary fertilizer; sow on April 8, emerge on April 15, transplant when 4 leaves and 1 heart are on May 14, and turn green on May 21 , split on June 20th, harvest on July 25th, mature on September 10th, and harvest on September 15th; G. Fishing: When the weight of crayfish reaches 20-30 grams or more, you can start to use ground cages or nets for selective fishing. 2. A kind of rice-shrimp co-cropping ecological organic farming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the area of the ditches described in step A should be controlled within 15% of the area of the farming field. 3. according to claim 1, a kind of rice and shrimp co-cropping ecological organic planting and breeding method is characterized in that: in step A, an air compression aerator or a spray aerator is installed additionally, during the high temperature period in summer, rainy days and When the weather changes suddenly, the low dissolved oxygen in the water can be replenished in time. 4. A kind of rice-shrimp co-cropping ecological organic planting method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the earthworm described in step B selects excellent Daping No. 2 red earthworm. 5. According to claim 1, a kind of rice and shrimp co-cropping ecological organic planting method is characterized in that: in step C, the planting area of aquatic plants is controlled at 30%-40% of the ring ditch area; selection: peripheral species of ditch Water peanuts, bitter grass in the center of the ditch, Hydra verticillium on one side of the ditch next to the paddy field, and Sclerophyllum versicolor on the side of the feed platform. 6. according to claim 1, a kind of rice and shrimp cooperative ecological organic planting and breeding method is characterized in that: the timing of putting in the shrimp seedlings described in step D is carried out in sunny morning, evening or cloudy day, avoiding direct sunlight; Repeatedly immerse the shrimp basket in water for 2-3 times, each time for 1-2 minutes, so that the juvenile shrimp can adapt to the water temperature, and the temperature difference should not exceed 2°C. 7. A kind of rice-shrimp cooperative ecological organic planting method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the rice planted in the step F is a hybrid rice "Zhongyou" with compact plants, strong stress resistance, high yield and good quality 85".