CN113349002A - Sweet potato dry-planting film-mulching ridging-free water-fertilizer integrated planting method - Google Patents
Sweet potato dry-planting film-mulching ridging-free water-fertilizer integrated planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113349002A CN113349002A CN202110661090.9A CN202110661090A CN113349002A CN 113349002 A CN113349002 A CN 113349002A CN 202110661090 A CN202110661090 A CN 202110661090A CN 113349002 A CN113349002 A CN 113349002A
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 244000017020 Ipomoea batatas Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 235000002678 Ipomoea batatas Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 244000205754 Colocasia esculenta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 235000006481 Colocasia esculenta Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000005941 Thiamethoxam Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 43
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 43
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 42
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- NWWZPOKUUAIXIW-FLIBITNWSA-N thiamethoxam Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)\N=C/1N(C)COCN\1CC1=CN=C(Cl)S1 NWWZPOKUUAIXIW-FLIBITNWSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
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- PSOVNZZNOMJUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorantraniliprole Chemical compound CNC(=O)C1=CC(Cl)=CC(C)=C1NC(=O)C1=CC(Br)=NN1C1=NC=CC=C1Cl PSOVNZZNOMJUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
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- KWLVWJPJKJMCSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-{2-[3-methoxy-4-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]ethyl}-2-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)acetamide Chemical compound C1=C(OCC#C)C(OC)=CC(CCNC(=O)C(OCC#C)C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)=C1 KWLVWJPJKJMCSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
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- HZRSNVGNWUDEFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyraclostrobin Chemical compound COC(=O)N(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1COC1=NN(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)C=C1 HZRSNVGNWUDEFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
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- IBSREHMXUMOFBB-JFUDTMANSA-N 5u8924t11h Chemical compound O1[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)C[C@H](O[C@@H]2C(=C/C[C@@H]3C[C@@H](C[C@@]4(O3)C=C[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(C)C)O4)OC(=O)[C@@H]3C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]4OC\C([C@@]34O)=C/C=C/[C@@H]2C)/C)O[C@H]1C.C1=C[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)O[C@]11O[C@H](C\C=C(C)\[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C3)[C@@H](OC)C2)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C/2[C@]3([C@H](C(=O)O4)C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3OC\2)O)C[C@H]4C1 IBSREHMXUMOFBB-JFUDTMANSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005660 Abamectin Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005781 Fludioxonil Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005802 Mancozeb Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005808 Metalaxyl-M Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 241001104043 Syringa Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000004338 Syringa vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000223260 Trichoderma harzianum Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 229950008167 abamectin Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- ZQEIXNIJLIKNTD-GFCCVEGCSA-N metalaxyl-M Chemical compound COCC(=O)N([C@H](C)C(=O)OC)C1=C(C)C=CC=C1C ZQEIXNIJLIKNTD-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- CLSVJBIHYWPGQY-GGYDESQDSA-N spirotetramat Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC1=C(C=2C(=CC=C(C)C=2)C)C(=O)N[C@@]11CC[C@H](OC)CC1 CLSVJBIHYWPGQY-GGYDESQDSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000005889 Cyantraniliprole Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005760 Difenoconazole Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- PWWVAXIEGOYWEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isophenergan Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(CC(C)N(C)C)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 PWWVAXIEGOYWEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- DVBUIBGJRQBEDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyantraniliprole Chemical compound CNC(=O)C1=CC(C#N)=CC(C)=C1NC(=O)C1=CC(Br)=NN1C1=NC=CC=C1Cl DVBUIBGJRQBEDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- BQYJATMQXGBDHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N difenoconazole Chemical compound O1C(C)COC1(C=1C(=CC(OC=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)=CC=1)Cl)CN1N=CN=C1 BQYJATMQXGBDHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- MUJOIMFVNIBMKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N fludioxonil Chemical compound C=12OC(F)(F)OC2=CC=CC=1C1=CNC=C1C#N MUJOIMFVNIBMKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- SXSGXWCSHSVPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluxapyroxad Chemical compound FC(F)C1=NN(C)C=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1 SXSGXWCSHSVPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- YKSNLCVSTHTHJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L maneb Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S YKSNLCVSTHTHJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000940 maneb Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- UWVQIROCRJWDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadixyl Chemical compound CC=1C=CC=C(C)C=1N(C(=O)COC)N1CCOC1=O UWVQIROCRJWDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960003910 promethazine Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229920002752 Konjac Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- SWGJCIMEBVHMTA-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;6-oxido-4-sulfo-5-[(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl]naphthalene-2-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].C1=CC=C2C(N=NC3=C4C(=CC(=CC4=CC=C3O)S([O-])(=O)=O)S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C2=C1 SWGJCIMEBVHMTA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
- A01N37/46—N-acyl derivatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/56—1,2-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2-diazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N51/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds having the sequences of atoms O—N—S, X—O—S, N—N—S, O—N—N or O-halogen, regardless of the number of bonds each atom has and with no atom of these sequences forming part of a heterocyclic ring
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a sweet potato dry-planting film-mulching ridging-free water-fertilizer integrated planting method, which comprises the following steps: step one, ploughing and harrowing: ploughing and harrowing the field before sowing, and deeply ploughing by more than 40 cm; step two, spreading a base fertilizer: firstly carrying out first rotary tillage, uniformly spreading the bio-organic fertilizer in the whole field after the first rotary tillage, spreading one ton of bio-organic fertilizer in each mu, carrying out second rotary tillage after the bio-organic fertilizer is spread, then excavating one row of planting ditches every 90 cm, and reserving one row of planting ditches as working ditches when 12 rows of planting ditches are excavated; step three, seed selection and sowing: before sowing, classifying the seed taros according to sizes, planting the seed taros separately, horizontally placing the seed taros in a planting ditch, and arranging the seed taros at a planting distance of 45 cm; step four, applying base fertilizer in a ditch: and (4) uniformly spreading the base fertilizer into the base fertilizer groove, wherein the base fertilizer cannot be contacted with the seed taro during fertilization. The invention relates to the technical field of taro planting, and particularly provides a taro dry-planting film-covering ridging-free water-fertilizer integrated planting method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of taro planting, in particular to a taro dry-planting film-covering ridging-free water-fertilizer integrated planting method.
Background
Taro (scientific name: Colocasia esculenta), also known as dittany, yellow chestnut taro, taro of the Araceae family of the order Alismataceae, is light in flavor and off-white in color, is commonly used in Chinese dishes or medium sweets, and the local variety of taro is often called taro.
A perennial herbaceous plant of Konjac of Leguminosae is cultivated annually. The edible part of the taro is spherical root tuber, the appearance is similar to small potato, the diameter is generally 2-4 cm, the skin is yellow brown, the meat is similar to potatoes, but the taste is similar to Chinese chestnut, the taro is sweet and fragrant, and the residual taste is not full after eating, so the taro is named. The taro is nutritious. The differences from the common taros are as follows: the leaf stalk is green, the meat of the corm has purple red stripes, the staple food part of the taro is the corm, the leaf stalk can be used for pickling taro lotus and can be used as green feed, and the like, the corm has less fiber and high starch content, and the taro lotus is fragrant when being eaten, tastes delicious and is deeply loved by consumers.
At present, the traditional concepts of wide seed thinning and harvesting and extensive management are still used in the popularization and planting of the taro, the planting density, the fertilizing amount, the fertilizing proportion, the irrigation amount and the like are not unified, and the variety is low in yield, low in quality, poor in disease resistance, influenced in yield and insufficient in market supply.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the situation, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the sweet potato dry-planting film-mulching ridging-free water-fertilizer integrated planting method which is water-saving, fertilizer-saving, labor-saving and efficient and can relieve the problems of low yield, low quality, poor disease resistance and the like in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the invention relates to a sweet potato dry-planting film-mulching ridging-free water-fertilizer integrated planting method, which comprises the following steps:
step one, ploughing and harrowing:
ploughing and harrowing the field before sowing, and deeply ploughing by more than 40 cm;
step two, spreading a base fertilizer:
firstly carrying out first rotary tillage, uniformly spreading the bio-organic fertilizer in the whole field after the first rotary tillage, spreading one ton of the bio-organic fertilizer in each mu, carrying out second rotary tillage after the bio-organic fertilizer is spread, then excavating one row of planting ditches every 90 cm, reserving one row of planting ditches as working ditches for each 12 rows of digging planting ditches, and excavating bottom fertilizer ditches between two adjacent rows of planting ditches;
step three, seed selection and sowing:
before sowing, classifying the seed taros according to sizes, planting the seed taros separately, horizontally placing the seed taros in a planting ditch, and arranging the seed taros at a planting distance of 45 cm;
step four, applying base fertilizer in a ditch:
uniformly spreading the base fertilizer into the base fertilizer groove, wherein the base fertilizer cannot be contacted with the seed taro during fertilization;
step five, planting taro treatment:
mixing 50 g of chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam water dispersible granules, 30 g of fluorocyclo-pyrrole and promethazine seed treatment suspending agent, 15 g of benziothiazolinone water dispersible granules and 30 kg of water, uniformly spraying the taro, covering a mud layer with the thickness of 12-15 cm on the taro after spraying, and then ridging and leveling;
step six, installing a dropper:
horizontally arranging a dropper between the planting ditch and the base fertilizer ditch, controlling the distance between the dropper and the seed taro to be 20-25 cm, reserving a dropper opening at the furrow, and additionally arranging a dropper when the bulb of the seed taro expands to ensure sufficient water;
step seven, film covering and groove finishing:
after the dropper is installed, covering a 1.2 m silver black film on the ridge to enable the silver color surface of the silver black film to be upward and the black surface to be downward, flattening and compacting the periphery of the silver black film by using soil, and completely penetrating the peripheries of the furrow and the field block to facilitate subsequent drainage;
step eight, field management:
after seedling emergence, irrigation and additional fertilization are carried out by adopting a drip irrigation and water fertilizer integrated technology, and pest control is carried out every 15 days.
Further, the pest control comprises nematode and soil-borne disease control, disease control and pest control;
the method for preventing and controlling the nematodes and the soil-borne diseases comprises the following steps: after the taros are planted for 2-3 days, 1000 g of lilac violet spore microbial inoculum and 1000 g of trichoderma harzianum microbial inoculum are mixed with water per mu to be used as root fixing water for whole-field drip irrigation, and the drip irrigation is repeated once every two months;
the disease control method comprises the following steps: preparing a first disease control mixture from a mandipropamid suspending agent, oxadixyl-manganese-zinc wettable powder, a benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion and a pyraclostrobin suspending agent, preparing a second disease control mixture from a fludioxonil-benzyl oxazole suspending agent, a fine formazin-manganese-zinc water dispersible granule and a kasugamycin aqueous solution, and alternately using the first disease control mixture and the second disease control mixture once every 15 days;
the pest control method comprises the following steps: mixing the chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam water dispersible granules with the abamectin and spirotetramat suspending agent to prepare a first pest control mixing agent, mixing the chlorantraniliprole water dispersible granules with the bromoacyl and thiamethoxam seed treatment suspending agent to prepare a second pest control mixing agent, and alternately using the first pest control mixing agent and the second pest control mixing agent once every 15 days for the seed tuber.
Further, the content of chlorantraniliprole in the chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam water dispersible granule is 20%, and the content of thiamethoxam is 20%;
the content of the epoxiconazole-fludioxonil seed treatment suspending agent is 4.85 percent, the content of the metalaxyl-M is 3.6 percent, and the content of the fludioxonil is 2.55 percent;
the content of the benziothiazolinone in the benziothiazolinone water dispersible granule is 3 percent;
the number of effective viable bacteria in the lilac purple spore fungus microbial agent is more than or equal to 2.0 hundred million/g;
the number of effective viable bacteria in the trichoderma harzianum microbial agent is more than or equal to 5.0 hundred million/g.
Further, the content of mandipropamid in the mandipropamid suspending agent is 2.4%;
the oxadixyl content in the oxadixyl-mancozeb wettable powder is 8 percent, and the maneb content is 56 percent;
the content of the benziothiazolinone in the benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion is 1.5 percent;
the content of the pyraclostrobin in the pyraclostrobin suspending agent is 30%;
the content of the fluxapyroxad in the fluxapyroxad-benzzole suspending agent is 75 g/L, and the content of the difenoconazole is 125 g/L;
the content of metalaxyl-M in the metalaxyl-M-Zn water dispersible granule is 4 percent, and the content of mancozeb is 64 percent;
the kasugamycin content in the kasugamycin water aqua is 6 percent.
Further, the content of chlorantraniliprole in the chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam water dispersible granule is 20%, and the content of thiamethoxam is 20%;
the content of abamectin in the avermectin-spirotetramat suspending agent is 4 percent, and the content of spirotetramat is 24 percent;
the content of cyantraniliprole in the suspension for seed treatment of the bromoacyl-thiamethoxam is 20%, and the content of thiamethoxam is 20%.
The invention with the structure has the following beneficial effects: the scheme adopts the drip irrigation and water and fertilizer integration technology, can realize accurate fertilization, save fertilizer, improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer, reduce production cost, and realize the effects of increasing yield, saving water, saving fertilizer, improving yield and improving quality; the deep ploughing method is adopted in the scheme, so that the bulb can be expanded and the yield can be improved; the scheme is provided with the working ditch, and field management in the later period is facilitated through the working ditch; according to the scheme, the nematode and soil-borne disease control, the disease control and the pest control are carried out regularly, so that the germ invasion and the seed taro decay can be prevented, germs in soil near the seed taro can be killed, the healthy growth of the seed taro is ensured, the seed taro can be prevented from suffering from diseases and pests in the development period, and the yield, the quality and the disease resistance of the taro are effectively improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments; all other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment I is a sweet potato dry-planting film-mulching ridging-free water-fertilizer integrated planting method, which comprises the following steps:
step one, ploughing and harrowing:
ploughing and harrowing the field before sowing, and deeply ploughing by more than 40 cm;
step two, spreading a base fertilizer:
firstly carrying out first rotary tillage, uniformly spreading the bio-organic fertilizer in the whole field after the first rotary tillage, spreading one ton of the bio-organic fertilizer in each mu, carrying out second rotary tillage after the bio-organic fertilizer is spread, then excavating one row of planting ditches every 90 cm, reserving one row of planting ditches as working ditches for each 12 rows of digging planting ditches, and excavating bottom fertilizer ditches between two adjacent rows of planting ditches;
step three, seed selection and sowing:
before sowing, classifying the seed taros according to sizes, planting the seed taros separately, horizontally placing the seed taros in a planting ditch, and arranging the seed taros at a planting distance of 45 cm;
step four, applying base fertilizer in a ditch:
uniformly spreading the base fertilizer into the base fertilizer groove, wherein the base fertilizer cannot be contacted with the seed taro during fertilization;
step five, planting taro treatment:
mixing 50 g of chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam water dispersible granules, 30 g of fluorocyclo-pyrrole and promethazine seed treatment suspending agent, 15 g of benziothiazolinone water dispersible granules and 30 kg of water, uniformly spraying the taro, covering a 12 cm thick mud layer on the taro after spraying, and then ridging and leveling;
step six, installing a dropper:
horizontally arranging a dropper between the planting ditch and the base fertilizer ditch, controlling the distance between the dropper and the seed taro to be 20 cm, reserving a dropper opening at the furrow, and additionally arranging a dropper when the bulb of the seed taro expands to ensure sufficient water;
step seven, film covering and groove finishing:
after the dropper is installed, covering a 1.2 m silver black film on the ridge to enable the silver color surface of the silver black film to be upward and the black surface to be downward, flattening and compacting the periphery of the silver black film by using soil, and completely penetrating the peripheries of the furrow and the field block to facilitate subsequent drainage;
step eight, field management:
after seedling emergence, irrigation and additional fertilization are carried out by adopting a drip irrigation and water fertilizer integrated technology, and pest control is carried out every 15 days.
The pest control comprises nematode and soil-borne disease control, disease control and pest control; the method for preventing and controlling the nematodes and the soil-borne diseases comprises the following steps: after 2 days of planting taros, mixing 1000 g of lilac violet spore microbial inoculum and 1000 g of trichoderma harzianum microbial inoculum with water per mu, using the mixture as rooting water to carry out whole-field drip irrigation, and repeatedly carrying out drip irrigation once every two months; the disease control method comprises the following steps: preparing a first disease control mixture from a mandipropamid suspending agent, oxadixyl-manganese-zinc wettable powder, a benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion and a pyraclostrobin suspending agent, preparing a second disease control mixture from a fludioxonil-benzyl oxazole suspending agent, a fine formazin-manganese-zinc water dispersible granule and a kasugamycin aqueous solution, and alternately using the first disease control mixture and the second disease control mixture once every 15 days; the pest control method comprises the following steps: mixing the chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam water dispersible granules with the abamectin and spirotetramat suspending agents to prepare a first pest control mixing agent, mixing the chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam bromoacyl seed treatment suspending agents to prepare a second pest control mixing agent, and alternately using the first pest control mixing agent and the second pest control mixing agent once every 15 days; the content of chlorantraniliprole in the chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam water dispersible granule is 20%, and the content of thiamethoxam is 20%; the content of the epoxiconazole-fludioxonil seed treatment suspending agent is 4.85 percent, the content of the metalaxyl-M is 3.6 percent, and the content of the fludioxonil is 2.55 percent; the content of the benziothiazolinone in the benziothiazolinone water dispersible granule is 3 percent; the number of effective viable bacteria in the lilac purple spore fungus microbial agent is more than or equal to 2.0 hundred million/g; the number of effective viable bacteria in the trichoderma harzianum microbial agent is more than or equal to 5.0 hundred million/g; the content of mandipropamid in the mandipropamid suspending agent is 2.4%; the oxadixyl content in the oxadixyl-mancozeb wettable powder is 8 percent, and the maneb content is 56 percent; the content of the benziothiazolinone in the benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion is 1.5 percent; the content of the pyraclostrobin in the pyraclostrobin suspending agent is 30%; the content of the fluxapyroxad in the fluxapyroxad-benzzole suspending agent is 75 g/L, and the content of the difenoconazole is 125 g/L; the content of metalaxyl-M in the metalaxyl-M-Zn water dispersible granule is 4 percent, and the content of mancozeb is 64 percent; the kasugamycin content in the kasugamycin water aqua is 6 percent; the content of chlorantraniliprole in the chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam water dispersible granule is 20%, and the content of thiamethoxam is 20%; the content of abamectin in the avermectin-spirotetramat suspending agent is 4 percent, and the content of spirotetramat is 24 percent; the content of cyantraniliprole in the suspension for seed treatment of the bromoacyl-thiamethoxam is 20%, and the content of thiamethoxam is 20%.
The second embodiment of the method for planting the taro in the manner of film mulching, ridging-free water and fertilizer integration comprises the following steps:
step one, ploughing and harrowing:
ploughing and harrowing the field before sowing, and deeply ploughing by more than 40 cm;
step two, spreading a base fertilizer:
firstly carrying out first rotary tillage, uniformly spreading the bio-organic fertilizer in the whole field after the first rotary tillage, spreading one ton of the bio-organic fertilizer in each mu, carrying out second rotary tillage after the bio-organic fertilizer is spread, then excavating one row of planting ditches every 90 cm, reserving one row of planting ditches as working ditches for each 12 rows of digging planting ditches, and excavating bottom fertilizer ditches between two adjacent rows of planting ditches;
step three, seed selection and sowing:
before sowing, classifying the seed taros according to sizes, planting the seed taros separately, horizontally placing the seed taros in a planting ditch, and arranging the seed taros at a planting distance of 45 cm;
step four, applying base fertilizer in a ditch:
uniformly spreading the base fertilizer into the base fertilizer groove, wherein the base fertilizer cannot be contacted with the seed taro during fertilization;
step five, planting taro treatment:
mixing 50 g of chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam water dispersible granules, 30 g of fluorocyclo-pyrrole and promethazine seed treatment suspending agent, 15 g of benziothiazolinone water dispersible granules and 30 kg of water, uniformly spraying the taro, covering a mud layer with the thickness of 13 cm on the taro after spraying, and then ridging and leveling;
step six, installing a dropper:
horizontally arranging a dropper between the planting ditch and the base fertilizer ditch, controlling the distance between the dropper and the seed taro to be 23 cm, reserving a dropper opening at the furrow, and additionally arranging a dropper when the bulb of the seed taro expands to ensure sufficient water;
step seven, film covering and groove finishing:
after the dropper is installed, covering a 1.2 m silver black film on the ridge to enable the silver color surface of the silver black film to be upward and the black surface to be downward, flattening and compacting the periphery of the silver black film by using soil, and completely penetrating the peripheries of the furrow and the field block to facilitate subsequent drainage;
step eight, field management:
after seedling emergence, irrigation and additional fertilization are carried out by adopting a drip irrigation and water fertilizer integrated technology, and pest control is carried out every 15 days.
The pest control comprises nematode and soil-borne disease control, disease control and pest control; the method for preventing and controlling the nematodes and the soil-borne diseases comprises the following steps: after 2 days of planting taros, mixing 1000 g of lilac violet spore microbial inoculum and 1000 g of trichoderma harzianum microbial inoculum with water per mu, using the mixture as rooting water to carry out whole-field drip irrigation, and repeatedly carrying out drip irrigation once every two months; the disease control method comprises the following steps: preparing a first disease control mixture from a mandipropamid suspending agent, oxadixyl-manganese-zinc wettable powder, a benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion and a pyraclostrobin suspending agent, preparing a second disease control mixture from a fludioxonil-benzyl oxazole suspending agent, a fine formazin-manganese-zinc water dispersible granule and a kasugamycin aqueous solution, and alternately using the first disease control mixture and the second disease control mixture once every 15 days; the pest control method comprises the following steps: mixing the chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam water dispersible granules with the abamectin and spirotetramat suspending agents to prepare a first pest control mixing agent, mixing the chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam bromoacyl seed treatment suspending agents to prepare a second pest control mixing agent, and alternately using the first pest control mixing agent and the second pest control mixing agent once every 15 days; the content of chlorantraniliprole in the chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam water dispersible granule is 20%, and the content of thiamethoxam is 20%; the content of the epoxiconazole-fludioxonil seed treatment suspending agent is 4.85 percent, the content of the metalaxyl-M is 3.6 percent, and the content of the fludioxonil is 2.55 percent; the content of the benziothiazolinone in the benziothiazolinone water dispersible granule is 3 percent; the number of effective viable bacteria in the lilac purple spore fungus microbial agent is more than or equal to 2.0 hundred million/g; the number of effective viable bacteria in the trichoderma harzianum microbial agent is more than or equal to 5.0 hundred million/g; the content of mandipropamid in the mandipropamid suspending agent is 2.4%; the oxadixyl content in the oxadixyl-mancozeb wettable powder is 8 percent, and the maneb content is 56 percent; the content of the benziothiazolinone in the benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion is 1.5 percent; the content of the pyraclostrobin in the pyraclostrobin suspending agent is 30%; the content of the fluxapyroxad in the fluxapyroxad-benzzole suspending agent is 75 g/L, and the content of the difenoconazole is 125 g/L; the content of metalaxyl-M in the metalaxyl-M-Zn water dispersible granule is 4 percent, and the content of mancozeb is 64 percent; the kasugamycin content in the kasugamycin water aqua is 6 percent; the content of chlorantraniliprole in the chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam water dispersible granule is 20%, and the content of thiamethoxam is 20%; the content of abamectin in the avermectin-spirotetramat suspending agent is 4 percent, and the content of spirotetramat is 24 percent; the content of cyantraniliprole in the suspension for seed treatment of the bromoacyl-thiamethoxam is 20%, and the content of thiamethoxam is 20%.
The third embodiment of the invention provides a sweet potato dry-planting film-mulching ridging-free water-fertilizer integrated planting method, which comprises the following steps:
step one, ploughing and harrowing:
ploughing and harrowing the field before sowing, and deeply ploughing by more than 40 cm;
step two, spreading a base fertilizer:
firstly carrying out first rotary tillage, uniformly spreading the bio-organic fertilizer in the whole field after the first rotary tillage, spreading one ton of the bio-organic fertilizer in each mu, carrying out second rotary tillage after the bio-organic fertilizer is spread, then excavating one row of planting ditches every 90 cm, reserving one row of planting ditches as working ditches for each 12 rows of digging planting ditches, and excavating bottom fertilizer ditches between two adjacent rows of planting ditches;
step three, seed selection and sowing:
before sowing, classifying the seed taros according to sizes, planting the seed taros separately, horizontally placing the seed taros in a planting ditch, and arranging the seed taros at a planting distance of 45 cm;
step four, applying base fertilizer in a ditch:
uniformly spreading the base fertilizer into the base fertilizer groove, wherein the base fertilizer cannot be contacted with the seed taro during fertilization;
step five, planting taro treatment:
mixing 50 g of chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam water dispersible granules, 30 g of fluorocyclo-pyrrole and promethazine seed treatment suspending agent, 15 g of benziothiazolinone water dispersible granules and 30 kg of water, uniformly spraying the taro, covering a muddy soil layer with the thickness of 15 cm on the taro after spraying, and then ridging and leveling;
step six, installing a dropper:
horizontally arranging a dropper between the planting ditch and the base fertilizer ditch, controlling the distance between the dropper and the seed taro to be 25 cm, reserving a dropper opening at the furrow, and additionally arranging a dropper when the bulb of the seed taro expands to ensure sufficient water;
step seven, film covering and groove finishing:
after the dropper is installed, covering a 1.2 m silver black film on the ridge to enable the silver color surface of the silver black film to be upward and the black surface to be downward, flattening and compacting the periphery of the silver black film by using soil, and completely penetrating the peripheries of the furrow and the field block to facilitate subsequent drainage;
step eight, field management:
after seedling emergence, irrigation and additional fertilization are carried out by adopting a drip irrigation and water fertilizer integrated technology, and pest control is carried out every 15 days.
The pest control comprises nematode and soil-borne disease control, disease control and pest control; the method for preventing and controlling the nematodes and the soil-borne diseases comprises the following steps: after 3 days of planting taros, mixing 1000 g of lilac violet spore microbial inoculum and 1000 g of trichoderma harzianum microbial inoculum with water per mu, using the mixture as rooting water to carry out whole-field drip irrigation, and repeatedly carrying out drip irrigation once every two months; the disease control method comprises the following steps: preparing a first disease control mixture from a mandipropamid suspending agent, oxadixyl-manganese-zinc wettable powder, a benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion and a pyraclostrobin suspending agent, preparing a second disease control mixture from a fludioxonil-benzyl oxazole suspending agent, a fine formazin-manganese-zinc water dispersible granule and a kasugamycin aqueous solution, and alternately using the first disease control mixture and the second disease control mixture once every 15 days; the pest control method comprises the following steps: mixing the chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam water dispersible granules with the abamectin and spirotetramat suspending agents to prepare a first pest control mixing agent, mixing the chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam bromoacyl seed treatment suspending agents to prepare a second pest control mixing agent, and alternately using the first pest control mixing agent and the second pest control mixing agent once every 15 days; the content of chlorantraniliprole in the chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam water dispersible granule is 20%, and the content of thiamethoxam is 20%; the content of the epoxiconazole-fludioxonil seed treatment suspending agent is 4.85 percent, the content of the metalaxyl-M is 3.6 percent, and the content of the fludioxonil is 2.55 percent; the content of the benziothiazolinone in the benziothiazolinone water dispersible granule is 3 percent; the number of effective viable bacteria in the lilac purple spore fungus microbial agent is more than or equal to 2.0 hundred million/g; the number of effective viable bacteria in the trichoderma harzianum microbial agent is more than or equal to 5.0 hundred million/g; the content of mandipropamid in the mandipropamid suspending agent is 2.4%; the oxadixyl content in the oxadixyl-mancozeb wettable powder is 8 percent, and the maneb content is 56 percent; the content of the benziothiazolinone in the benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion is 1.5 percent; the content of the pyraclostrobin in the pyraclostrobin suspending agent is 30%; the content of the fluxapyroxad in the fluxapyroxad-benzzole suspending agent is 75 g/L, and the content of the difenoconazole is 125 g/L; the content of metalaxyl-M in the metalaxyl-M-Zn water dispersible granule is 4 percent, and the content of mancozeb is 64 percent; the kasugamycin content in the kasugamycin water aqua is 6 percent; the content of chlorantraniliprole in the chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam water dispersible granule is 20%, and the content of thiamethoxam is 20%; the content of abamectin in the avermectin-spirotetramat suspending agent is 4 percent, and the content of spirotetramat is 24 percent; the content of cyantraniliprole in the suspension for seed treatment of the bromoacyl-thiamethoxam is 20%, and the content of thiamethoxam is 20%.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
While there have been shown and described what are at present considered the fundamental principles and essential features of the invention and its advantages, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments, but is capable of other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (5)
1. A sweet potato dry-planting film-covering ridging-free water-fertilizer integrated planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, ploughing and harrowing:
ploughing and harrowing the field before sowing, and deeply ploughing by more than 40 cm;
step two, spreading a base fertilizer:
firstly carrying out first rotary tillage, uniformly spreading the bio-organic fertilizer in the whole field after the first rotary tillage, spreading one ton of the bio-organic fertilizer in each mu, carrying out second rotary tillage after the bio-organic fertilizer is spread, then excavating one row of planting ditches every 90 cm, reserving one row of planting ditches as working ditches for each 12 rows of digging planting ditches, and excavating bottom fertilizer ditches between two adjacent rows of planting ditches;
step three, seed selection and sowing:
before sowing, classifying the seed taros according to sizes, planting the seed taros separately, horizontally placing the seed taros in a planting ditch, and arranging the seed taros at a planting distance of 45 cm;
step four, applying base fertilizer in a ditch:
uniformly spreading the base fertilizer into the base fertilizer groove, wherein the base fertilizer cannot be contacted with the seed taro during fertilization;
step five, planting taro treatment:
mixing 50 g of chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam water dispersible granules, 30 g of fluorocyclo-pyrrole and promethazine seed treatment suspending agent, 15 g of benziothiazolinone water dispersible granules and 30 kg of water, uniformly spraying the taro, covering a mud layer with the thickness of 12-15 cm on the taro after spraying, and then ridging and leveling;
step six, installing a dropper:
horizontally arranging a dropper between the planting ditch and the base fertilizer ditch, controlling the distance between the dropper and the seed taro to be 20-25 cm, reserving a dropper opening at the furrow, and additionally arranging a dropper when the bulb of the seed taro expands to ensure sufficient water;
step seven, film covering and groove finishing:
after the dropper is installed, covering a 1.2 m silver black film on the ridge to enable the silver color surface of the silver black film to be upward and the black surface to be downward, flattening and compacting the periphery of the silver black film by using soil, and completely penetrating the peripheries of the furrow and the field block to facilitate subsequent drainage;
step eight, field management:
after seedling emergence, irrigation and additional fertilization are carried out by adopting a drip irrigation and water fertilizer integrated technology, and pest control is carried out every 15 days.
2. The sweet potato upland-coated ridging-free water and fertilizer integrated planting method according to claim 1, wherein pest control comprises nematode and soil-borne disease control, disease control and pest control; the method for preventing and controlling the nematodes and the soil-borne diseases comprises the following steps: after the taros are planted for 2-3 days, 1000 g of lilac violet spore microbial inoculum and 1000 g of trichoderma harzianum microbial inoculum are mixed with water per mu to be used as root fixing water for whole-field drip irrigation, and the drip irrigation is repeated once every two months; the disease control method comprises the following steps: preparing a first disease control mixture from a mandipropamid suspending agent, oxadixyl-manganese-zinc wettable powder, a benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion and a pyraclostrobin suspending agent, preparing a second disease control mixture from a fludioxonil-benzyl oxazole suspending agent, a fine formazin-manganese-zinc water dispersible granule and a kasugamycin aqueous solution, and alternately using the first disease control mixture and the second disease control mixture once every 15 days; the pest control method comprises the following steps: mixing the chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam water dispersible granules with the abamectin and spirotetramat suspending agent to prepare a first pest control mixing agent, mixing the chlorantraniliprole water dispersible granules with the bromoacyl and thiamethoxam seed treatment suspending agent to prepare a second pest control mixing agent, and alternately using the first pest control mixing agent and the second pest control mixing agent once every 15 days for the seed tuber.
3. The sweet potato upland-coated ridging-free water-fertilizer integrated planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the content of chlorantraniliprole in the chlorantraniliprole water dispersible granule is 20%, and the content of thiamethoxam is 20%; the content of the epoxiconazole-fludioxonil seed treatment suspending agent is 4.85 percent, the content of the metalaxyl-M is 3.6 percent, and the content of the fludioxonil is 2.55 percent; the content of the benziothiazolinone in the benziothiazolinone water dispersible granule is 3 percent; the number of effective viable bacteria in the lilac purple spore fungus microbial agent is more than or equal to 2.0 hundred million/g; the number of effective viable bacteria in the trichoderma harzianum microbial agent is more than or equal to 5.0 hundred million/g.
4. The sweet potato dry-planting film-mulching ridging-free water-fertilizer integrated planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that the content of mandipropamid in the mandipropamid suspending agent is 2.4%; the oxadixyl content in the oxadixyl-mancozeb wettable powder is 8 percent, and the maneb content is 56 percent; the content of the benziothiazolinone in the benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion is 1.5 percent; the content of the pyraclostrobin in the pyraclostrobin suspending agent is 30%; the content of the fluxapyroxad in the fluxapyroxad-benzzole suspending agent is 75 g/L, and the content of the difenoconazole is 125 g/L; the content of metalaxyl-M in the metalaxyl-M-Zn water dispersible granule is 4 percent, and the content of mancozeb is 64 percent; the kasugamycin content in the kasugamycin water aqua is 6 percent.
5. The sweet potato upland-coated ridging-free water-fertilizer integrated planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the content of chlorantraniliprole in the chlorantraniliprole water dispersible granule is 20%, and the content of thiamethoxam is 20%; the content of abamectin in the avermectin-spirotetramat suspending agent is 4 percent, and the content of spirotetramat is 24 percent; the content of cyantraniliprole in the suspension for seed treatment of the bromoacyl-thiamethoxam is 20%, and the content of thiamethoxam is 20%.
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| CN115413548A (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2022-12-02 | 桂林市农业科学研究中心 | Insect-proof and virus-proof Lipu taro planting method |
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