CN113348952A - Construction method of II-ryegrass composite system for apple trees in sandy land of arid region - Google Patents
Construction method of II-ryegrass composite system for apple trees in sandy land of arid region Download PDFInfo
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- CN113348952A CN113348952A CN202110841701.8A CN202110841701A CN113348952A CN 113348952 A CN113348952 A CN 113348952A CN 202110841701 A CN202110841701 A CN 202110841701A CN 113348952 A CN113348952 A CN 113348952A
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- 235000011430 Malus pumila Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 235000015103 Malus silvestris Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 241000209082 Lolium Species 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 28
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000010413 gardening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000004296 Lolium perenne Species 0.000 claims 3
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 23
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 abstract description 5
- 241000168525 Haematococcus Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004016 soil organic matter Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000220225 Malus Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 14
- 241000488583 Panonychus ulmi Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 5
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- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
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- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 3
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- YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidacloprid Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)\N=C1/NCCN1CC1=CC=C(Cl)N=C1 YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940056881 imidacloprid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- YPSCQJTUAKNUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-n-[(4-chlorophenyl)carbamoyl]benzamide Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl YPSCQJTUAKNUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005660 Abamectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000238876 Acari Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000144730 Amygdalus persica Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001124076 Aphididae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000193388 Bacillus thuringiensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010059866 Drug resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ZSBXGIUJOOQZMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isomatrine Natural products C1CCC2CN3C(=O)CCCC3C3C2N1CCC3 ZSBXGIUJOOQZMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZSBXGIUJOOQZMP-JLNYLFASSA-N Matrine Chemical compound C1CC[C@H]2CN3C(=O)CCC[C@@H]3[C@@H]3[C@H]2N1CCC3 ZSBXGIUJOOQZMP-JLNYLFASSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000006040 Prunus persica var persica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001201483 Selenia <moth> Species 0.000 description 1
- JNVCSEDACVAATK-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Ca+2].[S-]SSS[S-] Chemical compound [Ca+2].[S-]SSS[S-] JNVCSEDACVAATK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229950008167 abamectin Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 210000002615 epidermis Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZNOLGFHPUIJIMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fenitrothion Chemical compound COP(=S)(OC)OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(C)=C1 ZNOLGFHPUIJIMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930014456 matrine Natural products 0.000 description 1
- -1 methylamino abamectin Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- NDNKHWUXXOFHTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N metizoline Chemical compound CC=1SC2=CC=CC=C2C=1CC1=NCCN1 NDNKHWUXXOFHTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002939 metizoline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- LCCNCVORNKJIRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N parathion Chemical compound CCOP(=S)(OCC)OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 LCCNCVORNKJIRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a construction method of a Haematococcus graminis composite system of apple trees in arid areas, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting. The fruit and grass composite system consists of apple trees and ryegrass, and the ryegrass is planted between planting rows of the apple trees. In the invention, the ryegrass has the characteristics of reducing soil salinity, increasing soil organic matter, reducing ground temperature, wind speed and increasing yield for one year; the apple tree has effects of producing apple and improving microclimate environment. The two can be combined to form a mutually-promoted benign fruit and grass composite system, and the ecological protection effect of improving the soil quality of arid regions and improving microclimates can be achieved while considerable economic benefits are created.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a construction method of a II-ryegrass composite system for apple trees on sandy land in arid regions.
Background
Southern arid climate in the warm temperate zone of southern Xinjiang, which includes the Tarim basin (containing the Tarlama desert), therefore the Tower oasis are perennial arid with little rain, deficient in soil moisture and fragile in the farmland ecosystem. In an orchard reclaimed in sandy soil, the content of organic matters in the soil is low, and more fertilizers need to be input; the fruit tree interline blank utilization rate is low, and soil salt rejection is serious due to interline evaporation; the fruit quality is not high due to the microclimate of dry farmlands of orchards, so that the overall productivity of the orchards is not high, and the sustainable development of fruit industry in the oasis area of the circular tower is restricted.
The ryegrass is perennial forage, has developed root system, numerous tillers, high survival rate, fast growth, salt and alkali resistance, high proportion of dry matter returned to the field, and simple and easy management.
If ryegrass is intercropped among rows of apple trees, the organic matters of the ryegrass can be converted into soil organic matters, the soil fertility of an orchard is improved, the land utilization rate is improved, the temperature of the orchard in summer can be reduced through grass growing coverage, the soil moisture of the orchard is conserved, the soil salinity rise is inhibited, and the climate environment of the orchard farmland is improved. Therefore, how to reasonably combine the apple tree and the ryegrass is a problem to be solved by those skilled in the art, and a new cultivation management mode is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a construction method of a silty apple tree | Selenia indica composite system in arid regions.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a construction method of a Haematococcus graminis composite system of apple trees II on sandy land in arid areas, which is characterized in that ryegrass is planted between two rows of the apple trees in a drilling manner, and then water and fertilizer integrated management is carried out by combining drip irrigation and sprinkling irrigation.
The ryegrass has the characteristics of reducing soil salinity, increasing soil organic matters, reducing ground temperature and wind speed and increasing yield for one year; the apple tree has effects of producing apple and improving microclimate environment. The two can be combined to form a mutually-promoted benign fruit and grass composite system, and the ecological protection effect of improving the soil quality of arid regions and improving microclimates can be achieved while considerable economic benefits are created.
Preferably, the sowing time of the ryegrass is 1 year after the apple trees are planted, the sowing time is the middle ten of 4 months of the year, and the preferable 4 months and 10 days.
Preferably, the row spacing of the apple trees is 350cm, and the plant spacing is 100 cm.
Preferably, the row spacing of the ryegrass is 20cm, and the seeding rate is 5.3 kg/mu.
Preferably, the distance between the ryegrass and the apple trees is 125 cm. Comprises a gardening ground fabric with the width of 75cm and a mechanical working channel with the width of 50 cm.
Preferably, a drip irrigation tape is laid in the apple tree planting area, the distance between the drip irrigation tape and the ground is 40cm, a small-sized spray irrigation device is erected above the apple tree planting area, the distance between the spray irrigation device and the ground is 370cm, and the distance between the spray irrigation device and the tree head is about 50 cm.
Preferably, the ryegrass is harvested 6 times a year, and the harvesting period is when the ryegrass plants reach more than 40 cm.
The invention provides a construction method of a Haematococcus graminis composite system of apple trees II on sandy land in arid areas, compared with the prior art, the construction method has the following beneficial effects:
(1) in the invention, the ryegrass has good shading performance, is suitable for the living environment under the forest, simultaneously prevents water and soil loss, reduces the ground temperature and wind speed, and has a protection effect on the sandy land apple orchard in arid regions.
(2) The rye grass plant is mowed and crushed to increase organic matters of sandy soil between rows of fruit trees, improve soil nutrients, provide nitrogen for apple trees and reduce the input amount of chemical fertilizers, so that the chemical fertilizer cost is saved.
(3) The invention organically combines the land cultivation work and the economic forest construction, not only effectively improves the fruit quality of the apples, but also greatly improves the microclimate effect of farmlands in orchards, and obtains the win-win effect of economic benefit and ecological benefit.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a construction method of a Haematococcus graminis composite system of apple trees II on sandy land in arid areas, which is characterized in that ryegrass is planted between two rows of the apple trees in a drilling manner, and water and fertilizer integrated management is carried out by combining drip irrigation and sprinkling irrigation.
In the method, after the orchard is built for 1 year, the land between two rows of apple trees is rotary tilled, ryegrass is sowed in a drill way, and drip irrigation management is carried out. In the invention, the row distance of the apple trees is 350cm, and the plant distance of the apple trees is 100 cm. In the invention, the sowing row spacing of the ryegrass is 20cm, the sowing quantity is 5.3 kg/mu, and the sowing depth is 2-3 cm. In the invention, the distance between the ryegrass and the apple trees is 125 cm.
The variety of the ryegrass is not specially limited, the sowing season is spring sowing, and the sowing date is about 4 months and 10 days of the year.
In the invention, in order to avoid that the drip irrigation tape drippers are blocked by irrigation water sources from river water and cannot be cleaned in time, the drip irrigation tape is not paved under the ground cloth. Therefore, the height of the apple tree drip irrigation tape is 20 cm; a small spray irrigation device is erected above the apple tree planting area, the distance between the spray irrigation device and the ground is 370cm, and the distance between the spray nozzle and a crown is about 50 cm.
The method does not apply any fertilizer between fruit tree rows before the ryegrass is sown.
After the seedlings are successfully sowed and emerge, the irrigation frequency is 8-10 times per year, and the total irrigation amount is 400-500 m3 per mu. The irrigation date of the invention is determined according to the climate and the growth condition of crops, and the irrigation date is concentrated in hot summer and after each harvest of ryegrass.
The ryegrass is mowed 6 times every year, the harvesting time is about 40cm of the height of the ryegrass, and the height of the stubble left after the mowed is not less than 15cm, so that the ryegrass is favorable for regeneration; the machine (small tractor with branch crusher) was used to mow between lines at a width of 2 m. The branches and leaves of ryegrass are crushed to about 5cm in length, and the crushed branches and leaves can be dried and mixed into soil after 3 days in arid and hot climates.
The invention mainly carries out spray irrigation before and after the flowering phase of fruit trees in the apple orchard and the fruit coloring phase respectively so as to increase the humidity of the orchard. The air humidity in the flowering period needs to reach 70% to increase the fruit setting rate, and the air humidity in the coloring period needs to reach 80% to increase the fruit coloring quality. In addition, in sand or dust weather, sprinkling irrigation is also required to increase air humidity in the orchard.
In the invention, the ryegrass has excellent inhibiting effect on soil salt among fruit tree rows in the apple orchard, effectively increases the water content and organic matter content of soil, reduces the near-surface wind speed among the fruit tree rows, and has a protection effect on the apple orchard in sandy land in arid regions.
The invention carries out the following treatments on the disease and insect pest prevention during the growth period of ryegrass in the fruit garden of sandy soil:
the method for preventing and controlling red spiders on apple trees comprises the following steps: firstly, spraying 3-5 Baume degree lime sulfur mixture in about 10 days before apple tree germination in spring, and using 5% Nixolang cream oil for prevention and treatment in the early stage of larva generation. Secondly, spraying 2000 times of 0.2 percent of methylamino abamectin solution, or 1 percent of Haizhen deinsectization missible oil, or 1500 times of 25 percent of fast mite missible oil, or 2000 times of 20 percent of benazolin missible oil and the like in the middle and later periods. The above drugs need to be alternately used without repeated use, so as to prevent pests from generating drug resistance. ③ control the critical period: in spring control, in the period of the red spider winter eggs being full or before the red spider winter eggs are grown, the red spider winter eggs are applied before the fruit trees germinate to kill the eggs, or the red spider winter eggs are killed before blooming and after flower falling. The adult mites are killed in 7-8 months in summer.
The control method of the apple tree budworm comprises the following steps: spraying 2000 times of liquid of peach Xiaoling, or 300 times of liquid of bacillus thuringiensis emulsifiable solution, or 1000 times of liquid of chlorbenzuron No. 3, or 1000 times of liquid of 50% fenitrothion emulsion, or 2000 times of liquid of 50% parathion emulsion to kill carpesia molesta in the two-time spawning peak periods of carpesia molesta in the early 7 th month and the middle 8 th month, peeling off the rough skin of the apple trees with large tree ages before winter, and collecting the burned and fallen parts; in early spring, the epidermis at the base of the tree (about 15cm deep) is cleaned, overwintering cocoons are scraped, and the population base number of pests is effectively reduced. And (5) fixing fruits (about 35d after flower falling), and then bagging by using a double-layer bag. Removing bags 20 days before picking, which is beneficial to coloring apples and avoiding insect damage.
The apple tree aphid control method comprises the following steps: spraying 800-1000 times of 0.3% matrine aqueous solution before flowering in the bud stage of a fruit tree, spraying 4000 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, or 2500-3000 times of 10% aphid-louse cleaning agent, or 2000 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, or 3000 times of 70% emblaze water dispersible granule, or 1000-1500 times of 2.5% kungfu missible oil, or 400-500 times of washing powder.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The following experiments were carried out in 44 demonstration areas of third team of military groups in Xinjiang production and construction:
1. the mechanical tillage of the apple tree woodland soil is used every year after the orchard is built, so that the soil physical and chemical properties are good, the ground is leveled as much as possible, and the sowing and the laying of drip irrigation belts are convenient.
2. Sowing ryegrass in spring about 4 months and 10 days, mechanically drilling, wherein the row spacing of sowing is 20cm, the sowing depth is 2-3cm, the sowing quantity is 5.3 kg/mu, the row spacing of ryegrass to apple trees is 125cm, and continuously dripping water for 7 hours after sowing to soak the soil.
And (4) inspecting the emergence rate after the ryegrass is planted and emerges seedlings, and timely replanting and replenishing seedlings at the parts lacking seeds and seedlings.
4. The ryegrass can be harvested at a height of more than 40cm, and the stubble needs to be left for 10cm after the ryegrass is harvested so as to ensure the next stubble to be harvested. After the ryegrass is harvested, water is timely irrigated according to the growth condition and proper fertilizer supplement is needed, so that the regeneration rate of the ryegrass is ensured. The ryegrass can be harvested again after the ryegrass is harvested again about 40cm after the regeneration period, and the ryegrass can be harvested 6 times in one year.
5. The overwintering survival rate of the ryegrass needs to be checked in time in the green turning period after the ryegrass overwintering every year, and measures for reseeding and seedling supplement are made.
Selecting 44 orchards of third soldiers in the war group produced and constructed in Xinjiang as test lands, planting ryegrass between rows of fruit trees and exposing soil between rows of fruit trees for 10 mu each, dividing bare land between rows and growing grass between rows to take 6 sampling points respectively, and counting indexes such as soil water content (depth 1m average value), soil salt content (depth 1m average value), soil organic matter (depth 1m average value), soil surface layer temperature (average value 0.5m away from the ground), soil surface layer wind speed (average value 0.5m away from the ground) and the like, wherein specific results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
By utilizing the method, the apple orchard has good overall growth situation, and the economic benefit and the ecological protection benefit are gradually shown. The fruit tree yield is improved and promoted by about 600 kg/mu, the commodity fruit rate is improved by about 15%, and the win-win situation of economic benefit and ecological benefit can be achieved.
Claims (7)
1. A construction method of a II.Lolium perenne composite system of an apple tree in sandy soil of arid areas is characterized in that the Lolium perenne is planted between two rows of the apple tree forest in a drilling manner, and water and fertilizer integrated management is carried out by combining drip irrigation and spray irrigation.
2. The method for constructing the complex system of the apple trees II-ryegrass on the sandy land in the arid area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seeding time of the ryegrass is 1 year after the apple trees are planted, and the seeding time is 4 months upper middle.
3. The method for constructing the complex system of the apple trees II-ryegrass on the sandy land in the arid region according to claim 1, wherein the row spacing of the apple trees is 350cm, and the plant spacing is 100 cm.
4. The method for constructing the complex system of the apple trees II-ryegrass on the sandy land of the arid region as claimed in claim 1, wherein the row spacing of the ryegrass is 20cm, and the seeding rate is 5.3 kg/mu.
5. The method for constructing the complex system of the ryegrass iiquid on the apple trees on the sandy land of the arid area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance between the ryegrass and the apple trees is 125cm, and the complex system comprises a gardening ground fabric with 75cm width and a mechanical working path with 50cm width.
6. The method for constructing the composite system of the iier ryegrass of the apple trees on the sandy land of the arid area as claimed in claim 1, wherein a drip irrigation belt is erected in the apple tree planting area, the drip irrigation belt is 40cm away from the ground, a small sprinkler irrigation is erected above the apple tree planting area, the sprinkler irrigation equipment is 370cm away from the ground, and the sprinkler head is 50cm away from the tree head.
7. The method for constructing the complex system of the iier lolium on the sandy lands of the arid areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lolium perenne is harvested six times a year for a period of more than 40 cm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110841701.8A CN113348952A (en) | 2021-07-26 | 2021-07-26 | Construction method of II-ryegrass composite system for apple trees in sandy land of arid region |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110841701.8A CN113348952A (en) | 2021-07-26 | 2021-07-26 | Construction method of II-ryegrass composite system for apple trees in sandy land of arid region |
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| CN113348952A true CN113348952A (en) | 2021-09-07 |
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| CN202110841701.8A Pending CN113348952A (en) | 2021-07-26 | 2021-07-26 | Construction method of II-ryegrass composite system for apple trees in sandy land of arid region |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105993445A (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2016-10-12 | 蓬莱鑫园工贸有限公司 | Apple nontoxic dwarfed self-rooted rootstock M9-T337 rapid propagation method |
| CN108293556A (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2018-07-20 | 广西田阳嘉佳食品有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of citrine fruit tree |
-
2021
- 2021-07-26 CN CN202110841701.8A patent/CN113348952A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105993445A (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2016-10-12 | 蓬莱鑫园工贸有限公司 | Apple nontoxic dwarfed self-rooted rootstock M9-T337 rapid propagation method |
| CN108293556A (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2018-07-20 | 广西田阳嘉佳食品有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of citrine fruit tree |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 何明莉等: ""抗旱栽培及节水灌溉技术在果树上的应用"", 《北方果树》, no. 2, pages 24 - 26 * |
| 何明莉等: "抗旱栽培及节水灌溉技术在果树上的应用"", 《北方果树》, no. 2, pages 24 - 26 * |
| 张晓华等: "《物业设备管理（第二版）》", 31 July 2009, 武汉华中科技大学出版社, pages: 66 * |
| 王华: ""果园种植黑麦草的试验"", 《落叶果树》, no. 1, pages 47 - 48 * |
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