CN113348885A - Method for reducing content of cadmium (Cd) in edible part of solanaceous crop - Google Patents
Method for reducing content of cadmium (Cd) in edible part of solanaceous crop Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 244000061458 Solanum melongena Species 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 235000002597 Solanum melongena Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 241000207763 Solanum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000002634 Solanum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 240000002072 Solanum torvum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000013358 Solanum torvum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000002566 Capsicum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002567 Capsicum annuum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000004160 Capsicum annuum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000758706 Piperaceae Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000002560 Solanum lycopersicum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 235000008406 SarachaNachtschatten Nutrition 0.000 abstract 2
- 235000004790 Solanum aculeatissimum Nutrition 0.000 abstract 2
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- 235000000208 Solanum incanum Nutrition 0.000 abstract 2
- 235000013131 Solanum macrocarpon Nutrition 0.000 abstract 2
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- 235000000341 Solanum ptychanthum Nutrition 0.000 abstract 2
- 235000017622 Solanum xanthocarpum Nutrition 0.000 abstract 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 22
- 240000008574 Capsicum frutescens Species 0.000 description 6
- 235000002568 Capsicum frutescens Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000006002 Pepper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000722363 Piper Species 0.000 description 4
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 3
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- UHPMCKVQTMMPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,8-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methyl-7-(2-oxopropyl)naphthalene-1,4-dione Chemical compound CC1=C(CC(C)=O)C(O)=C2C(=O)C(OC)=CC(=O)C2=C1O UHPMCKVQTMMPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000000832 Ayote Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009849 Cucumis sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000219122 Cucurbita Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009854 Cucurbita moschata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009804 Cucurbita pepo subsp pepo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000223218 Fusarium Species 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属污染土壤安全利用领域，尤其涉及一种降低茄类作物可食用部位镉(Cd)含量的方法。以托鲁巴姆(Solanum torvum)为砧木，以茄类作物为接穗进行嫁接，进而降低茄类作物可食用部位镉(Cd)含量。与接穗自根作物相比，以野生茄托鲁巴姆为砧木的嫁接茄属作物可食部位的镉含量减少率可达50％～80％，且不影响作物的质量和产量。本发明将嫁接技术应用于阻控农产品的重金属富集，为大面积的重金属污染农田的安全高效利用提供了新途径。The invention belongs to the field of safe utilization of polluted soil, in particular to a method for reducing the cadmium (Cd) content of the edible parts of eggplant crops. The cadmium (Cd) content in the edible parts of the nightshade was reduced by grafting with Solanum torvum as the rootstock and nightshade as the scion. Compared with the scion self-root crops, the cadmium content in the edible parts of the grafted Solanum crop with wild Solanum torubam as the rootstock can be reduced by 50% to 80%, and the quality and yield of the crops are not affected. The invention applies the grafting technology to inhibit and control the accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural products, and provides a new approach for the safe and efficient utilization of large-area heavy metal-contaminated farmland.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of safe utilization of polluted soil, and particularly relates to a method for reducing the content of cadmium (Cd) in an edible part of a solanaceous crop.
Background
Heavy metal pollution is a serious environmental problem at present, and particularly, farmland soil Cd pollution causes excessive cadmium content and reduced quality of a large amount of agricultural products. In view of the red line protection policy of the cultivated land and the pressure of food safety of the country, it is impossible to change the land utilization mode of all the polluted cultivated lands for other use. It is anticipated that over a considerable period of time, the treatment guidelines for contaminated farmland soil remain "sick and on duty" and continue to be used in agriculture.
At present, the common farmland soil heavy metal pollution remediation methods, such as physical methods (such as soil dressing), chemical methods (such as chemical fixation or leaching) or biological methods (such as hyper-accumulative plant remediation) and the like, have more or less limitations and disadvantages: physical and chemical methods are high in cost and large in environmental disturbance; the biological method has a long repair period and influences normal agricultural production. Aiming at the current situation that most of cultivated land is still slightly polluted with light harm, the method is researched to block or reduce the transportation and accumulation of Cd to edible organs of crops, ensure the quality and yield of agricultural products, and has important practical significance for safe and efficient utilization of large-area heavy metal polluted cultivated land.
Grafting is a horticulture conventional plant propagation method, which is a process of fixing a part of a plant body on another plant body to make tissues of the plant body heal into a whole plant. The grafting technology has been widely applied for a long time in the aspects of increasing the yield of crops, resisting diseases and improving the quality of agricultural products. In recent years, researches show that different grafting modes can influence the absorption and the transportation of heavy metals on the overground part of crops, and the Cd enrichment characters of grafted crops such as cucumbers, pumpkins, tomatoes and the like are changed. It can be seen that the grafting technology is likely to be an effective rapid repair and safe utilization technology for heavy metal contaminated soil. But what kind of crop has an interaction with each other is not expected to be obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that qualified agricultural products can be planted on large-scale heavy metal polluted farmland soil, and further provides a method for reducing the content of Cd in edible parts of solanaceous crops.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for reducing the content of cadmium (Cd) at the edible part of solanaceous crops is characterized in that tolobam (Solanum torvum) is used as a stock, and solanaceous crops are used as scions for grafting, so that the content of cadmium (Cd) at the edible part of the solanaceous crops is reduced.
The solanaceous crops are cultivated Solanum melongena, and the cultivated solanaceous crops are tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.), Solanum melongena (Solanum melogna) and peppers (Capsicum annuum L.).
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting rootstock and scion: taking wild eggplant Tuolubamu as a stock and a cultivated eggplant crop as a scion;
(2) seedling culture: sowing and growing seedlings on the stock seeds and the scion seeds, and preparing for grafting when the wild solanum toruloides seedlings grow to 5-6 leaf ages and the cotyledon period of the scion crop seedlings;
(3) grafting: grafting by cleft grafting;
(4) and (3) managing after grafting, wherein the grafted seedlings after seedling revival have the characteristic of low Cd enrichment, can be transplanted to Cd-polluted soil for normal field management, and the Cd content of the harvested fruits is remarkably reduced, namely the cadmium (Cd) content of edible parts of the solanaceous crops is reduced.
And (3) cutting off 2-3 true leaves above the stock when the cleft grafting method is adopted for grafting, leaving 2 true leaves, vertically cutting a cut on the top end of the cut stem from top to bottom by using a blade, wherein the cut depth is 1.0-1.5 cm, leaving 2-3 true leaves of the scion, cutting the scion into a wedge shape, the length of the wedge shape is 1.0-1.5 cm, inserting the scion into the cut of the stock, fully combining the scion and fixing the scion by using a grafting clip.
According to the seedling raising method in the step (3), the wild eggplant tolubam stock is sowed 30 days earlier than the scion.
And (4) placing the grafted seedlings after grafting in the step (4) into a shading shed, carrying out heat preservation and moisture preservation culture, sprinkling water on the ground of the shading shed at the noon every day to keep the humidity, keeping the temperature at 25-30 ℃ and the relative humidity at 85%, keeping out of the sun, and carrying out normal seedling raising management after the seedlings are released for one week.
According to the grafting method, the temperature is 25-30 ℃ and the relative humidity is 75% during grafting, so that wind blowing is avoided.
The invention shows that tolubam (Solanum torvum) is a solanaceae plant with low Cd accumulation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. compared with the existing heavy metal contaminated soil remediation technology, such as physical and chemical measures, the method can reduce the Cd content of the edible parts of the solanaceous crops by 50-80% on the premise of not influencing agricultural production, can produce qualified agricultural products on the light heavy metal contaminated soil, and realizes the safe utilization of the contaminated farmland soil.
2. The wild eggplant torulam stock adopted by the invention is easy to obtain and cultivate, the Cd accumulation is low, the wild eggplant torulam stock has high resistance to soil-borne diseases such as verticillium wilt, fusarium wilt, bacterial wilt and nematode, the plant growth vigor is strong, the root system is developed, and the wild eggplant torulam stock is further grafted with the wild eggplant torulam stock, so that the obtained scion crop has the characteristic of low Cd enrichment, and meanwhile, the disease resistance is obviously enhanced.
3. The grafting method adopted by the invention is a conventional gardening means, is simple to operate, does not need complex technical steps and expensive experimental reagents, and has low requirement on professional knowledge of operators.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the following examples are presented to further illustrate embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the invention.
The method adopts the plant with low Cd accumulation as the stock, and controls the transportation and accumulation of Cd to the overground part of crops by the grafting technology; the invention is a blocking technology for heavy metal enrichment of crops, and has important significance in reducing the biological toxicity of heavy metals and ensuring the safety of agricultural products.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) stock and scion: wild eggplant Tuolubamu is used as a stock, and cultivated eggplant crops are used as scions.
(2) Seedling culture: and (3) sowing and seedling the stock seeds and the scion seeds, wherein the wild eggplant tolubam stock is sowed 30 days earlier than the scion, and grafting is prepared when the wild eggplant seedlings grow to 5-6 leaf ages and the cotyledon period of the scion crop seedlings is reached.
(3) Grafting: grafting is carried out by cleft grafting. Cutting off 2-3 true leaves above the stock, reserving 2 true leaves, vertically cutting off a knife from top to bottom at the top end of the broken stem by using the knife, wherein the cut depth is 1.0-1.5 cm, reserving 2-3 true leaves of the scion, cutting into a wedge shape, and the length of the wedge shape is 1.0-1.5 cm. The scion is inserted into the split opening of the stock to be fully combined and then fixed by the grafting clip. The temperature is 25-30 ℃ and the relative humidity is 75% during grafting, so that wind blowing is avoided.
(4) And (3) management after grafting: placing the grafted seedling into a shading shed, carrying out heat preservation and moisture preservation culture, and sprinkling water on the ground of the shading shed every noon to keep humidity. And during the seedling recovering period in a shading shed, the temperature is 25-30 ℃, the relative humidity is 85%, and the seedlings are shaded. And (5) after the seedlings are revived for one week, carrying out normal seedling management.
(5) Transplanting the grafted seedlings: the grafted seedlings after seedling delay are cultured in a greenhouse (natural light, 25-30 ℃ and relative humidity of 75%) for about 7 days, the grafted seedlings can be transplanted to Cd-polluted soil for normal field management, the grafted seedlings have the characteristic of low Cd enrichment, and the Cd content of the harvested fruits is remarkably reduced.
The Toolubamu is a wild allied species of eggplant, which is detailed in Xuxiaming, Xukun and Qibang, in Qin, 2007, the comparison of the growth characteristics of different eggplant rootstock seedlings, Shandong agricultural science, (5): 40-45.
Example l
A method for reducing the content of Cd in edible parts of tomatoes, eggplants and hot peppers comprises the following steps:
(1) stock and scion: wild eggplant Tuolubamu is taken as a stock, and tomatoes, eggplants and hot peppers are taken as scions.
(2) Seedling culture: the method comprises the steps of breeding wild eggplant seedlings at the beginning of 4 months, breeding tomato seeds, eggplant seeds and pepper seeds at the beginning of 5 months, and preparing for grafting when the wild eggplant seedlings grow to 5-6 leaves and the cotyledon period of scion crop seedlings is reached.
(3) Grafting: cutting 2-3 true leaves above the Tuolubamu, reserving 2 true leaves, vertically cutting the top end of the broken stem with a blade from top to bottom, wherein the cut depth is 1.0-1.5 cm, reserving 2-3 true leaves of tomato, eggplant and pepper scions, and cutting into a wedge shape, and the length of the wedge shape is 1.0-1.5 cm. The scion is inserted into the split opening of the stock to be fully combined and then fixed by the grafting clip. The temperature is 25-30 ℃ and the relative humidity is 75% during grafting, so that wind blowing is avoided.
(4) And (3) management after grafting: placing the grafted seedlings of tomato, eggplant and pepper into a shading shed, carrying out heat preservation and moisture preservation culture, and sprinkling water on the ground of the shading shed every noon to keep the humidity. And during the seedling recovering period in a shading shed, the temperature is 25-30 ℃, the relative humidity is 85%, and the seedlings are shaded. And (5) after the seedlings are revived for one week, carrying out normal seedling management.
(5) Pot experiment: culturing the grafted seedlings after seedling delay in a greenhouse (natural light, 25-30 ℃, and relative humidity of 75%) for about 7 days, and transplanting the grafted seedlings with consistent growth vigor until the concentration of Cd is 2.0 mg/kg-1In the flowerpot, self-rooted seedlings are simultaneously set as a control group (the self-rooted seedlings are not grafted tomato, eggplant and pepper seedlings), 2 seedlings are planted in each pot, fertilizer application and watering are regularly carried out to ensure the normal growth of crops, and leaf and fruit samples are collected in the mature period.
(6) Analyzing the Cd contents of edible parts of grafted plants and self-rooted plants: collecting leaves and fruits of the grafted plant and the self-rooted plant, drying at 75 ℃ to constant weight, weighing 0.5g of sample in a high-pressure digestion tank, performing microwave digestion, and measuring the Cd content of the sample by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), wherein the leaves and fruits of the self-rooted plant are taken as a reference, and the Cd content is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 12.0 mg kg-1Comparison of Cd content in leaves and fruits of self-rooted Solanum crops and Tuolubamu grafted Solanum crops in Cd pot culture experiment
As can be seen from Table 1, the concentration of the compound is 2.0 mg/kg-1In the Cd pot culture test, compared with the scion self-root plant, the wild eggplant Tuolubam is used as the stock, and the tomato, the eggplant and the hot pepper are used as the grafted plant of the scion, and because of the low Cd enrichment character of the Tuolubam stock, the Cd content in the leaves and fruits of the scion is reduced by 60-80 percent after grafting.
Example 2
The solanum grafted plant with low Cd accumulation is the same as the solanum grafted plant taking tolbam as a stock in the embodiment 1, and the grafting cultivation steps are basically the same as the embodiment 1.
By adopting the technical scheme of the embodiment 1, a field contrast test is carried out on the low Cd-enriched grafted solanum crop obtained by the invention. Transplanting the cultivated self-rooted tomatoes, eggplants and hot peppers (not grafted) and the grafted tomatoes, eggplants and hot peppers (taking Toolubamu as a stock) to farmlands in certain pollution irrigation areas in Shenyang of Liaoning (the average concentration of Cd is 2.76 mg/kg)-1) At the moment, the environmental conditions such as temperature and the like are relatively suitable, and the management of the grafted plants is carried out according to the conventional field management. Leaf and fruit samples were collected during the maturation period, and the Cd content was determined, with the results shown in table 2. It can be seen that in a field test, compared with a scion self-rooted plant, the wild solanum torvum is taken as a stock, tomatoes, solanum and hot peppers are taken as grafted plants of the scions, and the Cd content reduction rate in leaves and fruits can reach 50-70%.
Based on the above test, the partial growth index and nutritional index of the grafted solanum plants were measured, as shown in table 3. As can be seen, the self-rooted solanum plant and the grafted solanum plant have no obvious difference in the indexes such as plant weight, single fruit weight, single plant yield, soluble sugar, titratable acid and the like, and the grafted solanum plant related to the invention can not generate adverse effects on the quality and yield of agricultural products while the Cd content is obviously reduced.
TABLE 2 comparison of Cd content in leaves and fruits from root Solanum crops and Tuolubam grafted Solanum crops in field trials
TABLE 3 comparison of partial growth and nutritional indices for self-rooted solanum crops and for Tolubam grafted solanum crops
The experiments show that compared with the scion self-rooted plant, the grafted solanum plant taking the wild solanum toruloides as the rootstock has the advantages that the Cd content reduction rate of the edible part can reach 50-80 percent, the quality and the yield of crops are not influenced, and the grafted solanum plant can be used as a control technology for enriching the heavy metal Cd in agricultural production.
It should be understood that the detailed description of the present invention is only for illustrating the present invention and is not limited by the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention can be modified or substituted equally to achieve the same technical effects; as long as the use requirements are met, the method is within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for reducing the content of cadmium (Cd) in edible parts of solanaceous crops is characterized in that: toolubam (Solanum torvum) is used as a stock, and solanaceous crops are used as scions for grafting, so that the content of cadmium (Cd) at edible parts of the solanaceous crops is reduced.
2. The method for reducing the content of cadmium (Cd) in edible parts of solanaceous crops as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the solanaceous crops are cultivated Solanum melongena, and the cultivated solanaceous crops are tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.), Solanum melongena (Solanum melogna) and peppers (Capsicum annuum L.).
3. The method for reducing the content of cadmium (Cd) in edible parts of solanaceous crops as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
(1) selecting rootstock and scion: taking wild eggplant Tuolubamu as a stock and a cultivated eggplant crop as a scion;
(2) seedling culture: sowing and growing seedlings on the stock seeds and the scion seeds, and preparing for grafting when the wild solanum toruloides seedlings grow to 5-6 leaf ages and the cotyledon period of the scion crop seedlings;
(3) grafting: grafting by cleft grafting;
(4) and (3) managing after grafting, wherein the grafted seedlings after seedling revival have the characteristic of low Cd enrichment, can be transplanted to Cd-polluted soil for normal field management, and the Cd content of the harvested fruits is remarkably reduced, namely the cadmium (Cd) content of edible parts of the solanaceous crops is reduced.
4. The method for reducing the content of cadmium (Cd) in edible parts of solanaceous crops as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) cutting off 2-3 true leaves above the stock when the cleft grafting method is adopted for grafting, leaving 2 true leaves, vertically cutting a cut on the top end of the cut stem from top to bottom by using a blade, wherein the cut depth is 1.0-1.5 cm, leaving 2-3 true leaves of the scion, cutting the scion into a wedge shape, the length of the wedge shape is 1.0-1.5 cm, inserting the scion into the cut of the stock, fully combining the scion and fixing the scion by using a grafting clip.
5. The method for reducing the content of cadmium (Cd) in edible parts of solanaceous crops as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: according to the seedling raising method in the step (3), the wild eggplant tolubam stock is sowed 30 days earlier than the scion.
6. The method for reducing the content of cadmium (Cd) in edible parts of solanaceous crops as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (4) placing the grafted seedlings after grafting in the step (4) into a shading shed, carrying out heat preservation and moisture preservation culture, sprinkling water on the ground of the shading shed at the noon every day to keep the humidity, keeping the temperature at 25-30 ℃ and the relative humidity at 85%, keeping out of the sun, and carrying out normal seedling raising management after the seedlings are released for one week.
7. The method for reducing the content of cadmium (Cd) in edible parts of solanaceous crops as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: according to the grafting method, the temperature is 25-30 ℃ and the relative humidity is 75% during grafting, so that wind blowing is avoided.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115191308A (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2022-10-18 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Method for reducing content of Cd in soybean leaves and grains |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103518549A (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2014-01-22 | 大连市金州区七顶山金鼎大樱桃协会 | Continuous cropping type eggplant grafting method |
| CN103909087A (en) * | 2013-01-08 | 2014-07-09 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Safe use method of cadmium-polluted vegetable plot |
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