CN111357514A - Tomato double-stock grafting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a tomato grafting method, in particular to a tomato double-stock grafting method. Tomato seedlings are used as scions, two stocks, namely wild eggplant Tuoluba seedlings and wild tomato seedlings are adopted, the tomato seedlings and the wild eggplant Tuoluba seedlings are firstly grafted, and then the wild tomato seedlings are grafted onto bitter melon seedlings, so that tomato bacterial wilt and root-knot nematode can be simultaneously resisted. After the tomato is grafted by the double stocks, the resistance of the plants to bacterial wilt and disease is enhanced by utilizing different resistances of the stocks after grafting, the invasion of soil-borne diseases is effectively prevented, the harm of root-knot nematodes is resisted, and the aims of resisting diseases, increasing yield and improving commodity are fulfilled.

Description

Tomato double-stock grafting method

Technical Field

The invention relates to a tomato grafting method, in particular to a tomato double-stock grafting method.

Background

The large-scale greenhouse cultivation area is continuously enlarged, greenhouse vegetables are planted in successive years, and soil-borne diseases are more and more serious. The tomato is one of greenhouse cultivated current varieties, and continuous cropping obstacles are expressed by easily-occurring bacterial wilt and root-knot nematode. Bacterial wilt is expressed as withered and dead plants, which causes serious yield reduction and even no harvest; root-knot nematodes damage the roots of plants and are manifested by root nodules, rot, poor growth, root retting, rotten leaves, yellowing, torsion wilting, short and small plants, slow growth, resulting in reduced yield and poor commercial value of tomatoes.

The chemical prevention and control method cannot completely cure the eggplant, and finally the yield, the quality and the edible safety of the eggplant are seriously influenced. The grafting cultivation is the most effective technical approach for preventing and controlling tomato soil-borne diseases and overcoming the continuous cropping obstacles of cultivation.

There are many grafting methods for tomato, such as 3 common grafting methods, such as oblique grafting, cleft grafting, tongue leaning grafting, etc. The stock variety has strong disease resistance, good affinity with scion, developed root system, strong growth potential, small influence on the quality of scion fruit and high seed propagation coefficient. At present, wild tomatoes and eggplant stocks are mainly used in production. At present, tomato grafting is carried out in China at an experimental stage, and rootstocks which need to completely resist all bacterial wilt subspecies do not exist, and are usually only highly resistant to several subspecies.

In the process of popularization of the cultivation technology, the grafting technology is found to reduce the disease incidence rate, so that the smooth production is ensured to a certain extent. However, in recent years, technicians have been statistically investigated in the field and found that many varieties which normally show resistance also show diseased plants after grafting. The reason for this is also in the analysis, and the skilled person will also carefully analyse the specific test conditions at the test site. From the results obtained at present, in tomato grafting cultivation, if the selected stock variety is improper, large-area morbidity is likely to be caused, and huge loss is brought to production, so care should be taken when selecting the stock variety.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a tomato double-stock grafting method which can resist tomato bacterial wilt and root-knot nematode simultaneously.

The invention is realized by the following steps:

the invention relates to a tomato double-stock grafting method, which takes a tomato seedling as a scion, adopts two stocks, namely a wild eggplant Tuoluba female seedling and a wild tomato seedling, firstly grafts the tomato seedling and the wild eggplant Tuoluba female seedling, and then grafts the wild tomato seedling onto a bitter melon seedling.

The method specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting a wild eggplant Tuoluba and a wild tomato as rootstocks for grafting tomato seedlings;

(2) seedling both the stock and the scion by using a nutrition plate, dibbling the seeds after soaking the seeds and accelerating germination in the nutrition plate filled with nutrition soil and watered thoroughly, and covering soil;

(3) after sowing, after the scion seedling grows a sixth true leaf, adopting double-stock grafting; temperature requirements are as follows: 20 ℃ to 28 ℃), and the humidity requirement is as follows: 90 to 95 percent.

More specifically, the method comprises the following steps:

(1) seedling culture: disinfecting and soaking wild eggplant Tuoluba mother, wild tomato and high-yield disease-resistant common tomato seeds, respectively sowing the seeds in a seedling tray filled with a seedling substrate, and simultaneously placing the seeds in a sunny and ventilated place after sowing;

(2) grafting when the scion grows to a sixth true leaf;

(3) preparing a first stock: pulling up the wild eggplant Torpuba mother seedling with a medium, obliquely cutting the wild eggplant Torpuba mother seedling from top to bottom at a position 1 cm above a first true leaf to form a tongue-shaped cut, pinching the stock seedling, and keeping cotyledons;

(4) preparing scions: pulling the tomato seedlings from the seedling raising tray with the medium, and beveling the tomato seedlings from bottom to top by a knife at about 1 cm above the first true leaves to form tongue-shaped incisions;

(5) grafting of tomato seedlings and wild eggplant Tuoluba stock seedlings: after the two cuts are mutually embedded, matched and sealed well, the embedded part is fixed by a first grafting clip;

(6) preparing a wild tomato seedling stock: pulling the wild tomato seedlings from the seedling raising tray with the medium, obliquely cutting the wild tomato seedlings from top to bottom by using a blade about 1 cm above a second true leaf to form tongue-shaped cuts, and pinching the stock seedlings while keeping cotyledons;

(7) grafting of wild tomato seedling stock: obliquely cutting the tomato seedling from bottom to top by a knife at about 1 cm above the second true leaf of the tomato seedling inoculated with the wild eggplant truffle parental stock to form a tongue-shaped cut; after the notches of the two are embedded, matched and sealed well, the embedded part is fixed by a second grafting clip and forms a symmetrical surface with the first grafting clip.

(4) And (3) management after grafting: the temperature is 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and is not lower than 15 ℃ at night; the humidity is kept between 90 and 95 percent; and (3) illumination, sealing the grafted seedling by using a film or a shading net for completely shading for 3-4 days, ventilating in the morning and evening after 7 days, gradually opening the film or the shading net for ventilation and light transmission, and performing normal seedling management after 10 days.

The original single-rootstock grafting, or bacterial wilt resistance, or root knot nematode resistance and the like, but particularly in continuous cropping soil, only one single disease and insect pest cannot exist, the abnormal fruits are increased if crops are damaged by one disease and insect pest, the yield is reduced, and the yield is reduced or even the crops are completely harvested. According to the invention, the tomato is grafted with the wild eggplant torulopsis and is subjected to double-stock grafting with the wild tomato seedling while resisting fruit and vegetable root-knot nematodes, so that tomato bacterial wilt, gummy stem blight and the like can be simultaneously resisted, and the purposes of disease resistance, yield increase and commodity improvement are achieved.

The invention has the following advantages: after the tomato is grafted by the double stocks, the resistance of the plants to bacterial wilt and disease is enhanced by utilizing different resistances of the stocks after grafting, the invasion of soil-borne diseases is effectively prevented, the harm of root-knot nematodes is resisted, and the aims of resisting diseases, increasing yield and improving commodity are fulfilled.

Detailed Description

Example 1

The grafting method comprises the following steps:

(1) seedling culture: disinfecting and soaking wild eggplant Tuoluba mother, wild tomato and high-yield disease-resistant tomato seeds, respectively sowing the seeds in a seedling tray filled with a seedling substrate, and placing the seeds in a place with sufficient sunlight and ventilation after sowing;

(2) the optimal grafting period is determined when the scion grows to the sixth true leaf. Temperature requirements are as follows: 20 ℃ to 28 ℃), and the humidity requirement is as follows: 90 to 95 percent.

(3) Preparing a first stock: pulling up the wild eggplant Torpuba mother seedling with a medium, obliquely cutting the wild eggplant Torpuba mother seedling from top to bottom at a position 1 cm above a first true leaf to form a tongue-shaped cut, pinching the stock seedling, and keeping cotyledons;

(4) preparing scions: pulling the tomato seedlings from the seedling raising tray with the medium, and beveling the tomato seedlings from bottom to top by a knife at about 1 cm above the first true leaves to form tongue-shaped incisions;

(5) grafting of tomato seedlings and wild eggplant Tuoluba stock seedlings: after the two cuts are mutually embedded, matched and sealed well, the embedding part is fixed by a grafting clip;

(6) preparing a wild tomato seedling stock: pulling the wild tomato seedlings from the seedling raising tray with the medium, obliquely cutting the wild tomato seedlings from top to bottom by using a blade about 1 cm above a second true leaf to form tongue-shaped cuts, and pinching the stock seedlings while keeping cotyledons;

(7) grafting of wild tomato seedling stock: obliquely cutting the tomato seedling from bottom to top by a knife at about 1 cm above the second true leaf of the tomato seedling inoculated with the wild eggplant truffle parental stock to form a tongue-shaped cut; after the notches of the two grafting clips are mutually embedded, matched and tightly connected, the embedded part is fixed by the other grafting clip, and the grafting clip and the first grafting clip are fixed in a symmetrical surface.

(8) And (3) management after grafting: the temperature is about 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and is not lower than 15 ℃ at night; humidity, 90% -95% hold); and (3) illumination, sealing the grafted seedling by using a film to completely shield light for 3-4 days immediately after grafting, ventilating in the morning and evening after 7 days, gradually opening the film to ventilate and transmit light later, and performing normal seedling management after 10 days.

(9) Planting density: generally, 1600 seedlings are grafted per mu. And after the transplanting survives, the normal growth management is carried out.

The wild eggplant torvum Swartz has been reported to obtain a disease resistance gene homologous Series (RGAs) gene in the wild eggplant torvum, and lays a foundation for breeding the eggplant (torvum) root knot nematode resistant molecules.

Analysis of bacterial wilt resistance of wild tomatoes: the wild tomato has developed root system, strong plant and strong water and fertilizer absorption capability, and is characterized by bacterial wilt resistance.

The tomato grafted by the method has greatly improved disease resistance, yield and quality, and specifically comprises the following steps:

1. design of experiments

In the field test of root-knot nematode infection and bacterial wilt infection of the previous stubble, a random block design is adopted, three methods of double-stock grafting, wild tomato seedling stock and tomato grafting, wild eggplant Tuoluba and tomato grafting and the like are adopted, the three times of the three methods are repeated, 9 cells are totally adopted, the area of each cell is 220 square meters, the stock and the scion are simultaneously cultured, the seedlings are simultaneously cultured, ridging and double-row planting are carried out during transplanting, the row spacing between the two stocks is 0.5m × 1.6m, each mu is 1600 plants, and the plant spacing between the single-stock grafted seedlings is 0.45m × 1.6.1.6 m, each mu is 1800 plants.

2. The results are as follows:

therefore, after the tomato double-stock grafting, compared with single-stock grafting, the disease-resistant effect is obvious, and the yield and the quality are also greatly improved.

Although specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the specific embodiments described are illustrative only and are not limiting upon the scope of the invention, and that equivalent modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, which is to be limited only by the appended claims.

Claims (3)

1. A tomato double-rootstock grafting method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the tomato seedling is used as a scion, two stocks, namely a wild eggplant Tuoluba female seedling and a wild tomato seedling, are adopted, the tomato seedling and the wild eggplant Tuoluba female seedling are firstly grafted, and then the wild tomato seedling is grafted on the bitter melon seedling.

2. The method for grafting tomato double rootstock according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting a wild eggplant Tuoluba and a wild tomato as rootstocks for grafting tomato seedlings;

(2) seedling both the stock and the scion by using a nutrition plate, dibbling the seeds after soaking the seeds and accelerating germination in the nutrition plate filled with nutrition soil and watered thoroughly, and covering soil;

(3) after sowing, after the scion seedling grows a sixth true leaf, adopting double-stock grafting; temperature requirements are as follows: 20 ℃ to 28 ℃), and the humidity requirement is as follows: 90 to 95 percent.

3. The method for grafting tomato double rootstock according to claim 2, characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) seedling culture: disinfecting and soaking wild eggplant Tuoluba mother, wild tomato and high-yield disease-resistant common tomato seeds, respectively sowing the seeds in a seedling tray filled with a seedling substrate, and simultaneously placing the seeds in a sunny and ventilated place after sowing;

(2) grafting when the scion grows to a sixth true leaf;

(3) preparing a first stock: pulling up the wild eggplant Torpuba mother seedling with a medium, obliquely cutting the wild eggplant Torpuba mother seedling from top to bottom at a position 1 cm above a first true leaf to form a tongue-shaped cut, pinching the stock seedling, and keeping cotyledons;

(4) preparing scions: pulling the tomato seedlings from the seedling raising tray with the medium, and beveling the tomato seedlings from bottom to top by a knife at about 1 cm above the first true leaves to form tongue-shaped incisions;

(5) grafting of tomato seedlings and wild eggplant Tuoluba stock seedlings: after the two cuts are mutually embedded, matched and sealed well, the embedded part is fixed by a first grafting clip;

(6) preparing a wild tomato seedling stock: pulling the wild tomato seedlings from the seedling raising tray with the medium, obliquely cutting the wild tomato seedlings from top to bottom by using a blade about 1 cm above a second true leaf to form tongue-shaped cuts, and pinching the stock seedlings while keeping cotyledons;

(7) grafting of wild tomato seedling stock: obliquely cutting the tomato seedling from bottom to top by a knife at about 1 cm above the second true leaf of the tomato seedling inoculated with the wild eggplant truffle parental stock to form a tongue-shaped cut; after the notches of the two are embedded, matched and sealed well, the embedded part is fixed by a second grafting clip and forms a symmetrical surface with the first grafting clip.

(4) And (3) management after grafting: the temperature is 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and is not lower than 15 ℃ at night; the humidity is kept between 90 and 95 percent; and (3) illumination, sealing the grafted seedling by using a film or a shading net for completely shading for 3-4 days, ventilating in the morning and evening after 7 days, gradually opening the film or the shading net for ventilation and light transmission, and performing normal seedling management after 10 days.