CN114521401A - Method for raising schisandra chinensis seedlings by cutting - Google Patents
Method for raising schisandra chinensis seedlings by cutting Download PDFInfo
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- CN114521401A CN114521401A CN202210193733.6A CN202210193733A CN114521401A CN 114521401 A CN114521401 A CN 114521401A CN 202210193733 A CN202210193733 A CN 202210193733A CN 114521401 A CN114521401 A CN 114521401A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of plant cultivation, in particular to a method for raising schisandra chinensis seedlings by cutting. The invention relates to a schisandra cutting propagation method, which comprises the following steps: putting dormant schisandra chinensis seedlings into a greenhouse for cultivation, bud picking, keeping sufficient water, spraying a foliar fertilizer after a period of time, spraying two fertilizers in a cross mode, pinching, cutting, soaking the cutting part for about 2cm by using prepared rooting agents NAA and ABT, then carrying out cutting cultivation on a substrate, and alternately spraying 0.3% of urea and monopotassium phosphate. The scheme is simple and feasible to operate, the used reagents, substrates and fertilizers can be purchased in the market, and the price is low, so that the method is suitable for large-scale propagation of schisandra chinensis seedlings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of plant cultivation, in particular to a method for raising schisandra chinensis seedlings by cutting.
Background
The cutting propagation is a well-known asexual propagation means, is a propagation mode for generating a complete plant by utilizing the nutritive organs such as leaves, stems and the like of an isolated plant, and has the advantages of high propagation speed, high propagation coefficient, easy acquisition of materials, low cost, capability of preserving the excellent characters of a matrix and the like. The northern schisandra fruit is a perennial deciduous woody vine of Magnoliaceae, takes fruits as a medicine, is loaded in Shen nong Ben Cao Jing, has the effects of astringing lung, promoting fluid production, tonifying kidney, nourishing heart, astringing and solidifying dampness, and is an important genuine medicinal material in northeast China.
In the existing schisandra chinensis cuttage technology, the cuttage rooting rate and survival rate are low, and further the rapid propagation and application of schisandra chinensis are restricted.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the schisandra cutting seedling method which has the advantages of high efficiency, rapidness, high rooting rate, high survival rate and the like.
In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:
a method for raising schisandra chinensis seedlings by cutting comprises the following steps:
culturing schisandra chinensis seedlings, carrying out bud picking treatment after germination, applying a leaf fertilizer, then carrying out pinching treatment, trimming branches into single-bud cutting slips, then carrying out cutting culture on a cutting medium after treatment by a rooting agent;
wherein, the foliar fertilizer is applied by alternately applying a nitrogen fertilizer and a phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer;
the rooting agent comprises ABT and/or NAA;
the cutting medium comprises at least two of perlite, vermiculite and sand.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the application frequency of the foliar fertilizer is once per week, and the two fertilizers are alternately applied once each time;
the alternate application can avoid the excessive application of the same fertilizer in a short time, ensure that the fertilizer can be effectively absorbed by crops after being used, prevent the adverse effect on the growth of the crops caused by excessive or insufficient fertilizer, and can also make up for the deficiencies and mutually adjust the fertilizer to fully play the roles of the two fertilizers.
The nitrogen fertilizer comprises at least one of urea, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonia water, liquid ammonia, sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate nitrate;
the nitrogen fertilizer can improve the chlorophyll content in the plants and accelerate the nutrient absorption of the plants, thereby promoting the growth of the root systems of the plants;
the phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer comprises at least one of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate;
the phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer can effectively promote the growth of plants, has larger fertilizer efficiency, but if the phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is not used properly, the leaves of the plants are yellowed and withered.
The nitrogen fertilizer takes urea as an example, and the mass concentration is 0.2-0.3%;
and/or; the mass concentration of the monopotassium phosphate is 0.2-0.3%.
The process of the rooting agent treatment specifically comprises the following steps: the rooting agent is adopted to soak the cutting part for 1-3 cm, reasonable soaking can promote the cutting slips to absorb the rooting agent, and the soaking time is 1.5-2.5 hours;
the depth of the cutting site is typically, but not limited to, for example, 1cm, 1.5cm, 2cm, 2.5cm, 3 cm;
typical but non-limiting examples of soaking times are 1.5, 2, 2.5 hours.
The rooting agent comprises at least one of ABT and NAA;
the ABT rooting powder is a novel broad-spectrum efficient compound plant growth regulator containing biological bacteria, promotes the synthesis of biomacromolecules by strengthening and regulating the content of endogenous hormones and the activity of important enzymes of plants, induces the morphogenesis of adventitious roots or adventitious buds of the plants, regulates the metabolic action strength of the plants, and achieves the purposes of improving the survival rate of seedling and forestation and the yield, quality and resistance of crops, wherein the main components are indolebutyric acid potassium and sodium naphthylacetate;
NAA (naphthylacetic acid) naphthalene plant growth regulator with auxin activity is absorbed by roots, stems and leaves, is widely used in the fields of agriculture, forestry, vegetables, flowers, fruit trees and the like, induces the formation of adventitious roots and improves the cuttage survival rate of trees; the fruit setting rate is improved, and fruit drop before picking is prevented. The effective combination of the biological bacteria and the rooting agent substances can play a role of 'double-effect integration'.
The derivative of the biological bacteria in the growth and reproduction process can optimize the growth environment of the root system and slowly stimulate the growth of the root system, the rooting agent substances stimulate the growth of the root system, and the combination of the two improves the nutrient absorption capacity of the plant root system and accords with the growth characteristics of the early stage of plant growth.
Preferably, the rooting agent consists of ABT and NAA;
more preferably, the mass concentration of the ABT is 225-275 ppm, and the mass concentration of the NAA is 20-75 ppm.
Typical but non-limiting examples of mass concentrations of ABT are 225, 230, 235, 240, 245, 250, 255, 260, 265, 270, 275 ppm;
typical but non-limiting examples of the mass concentration of NAA are 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75 ppm.
The cuttage substrate is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 0.8-1: 0.8-1 of perlite and vermiculite;
or; the cuttage substrate is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 0.8-1: 0.8-1 of vermiculite and sand;
or; the cuttage substrate is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 0.8-1: 0.8-1 of perlite and sand;
the coarse sand with larger particles in the sand is suitable for cutting plants, has strong water and air permeability, quick rooting and less bacteria, is not easy to make the plants black, has high survival rate and can also play a role in fixing the roots;
the vermiculite is light, is a natural, inorganic and nontoxic mineral substance, has good drainage, heat preservation and moisture preservation effects and high survival rate;
the perlite has strong stability and water absorption capacity, is loose and breathable, and can prevent soil hardening. The pearl fissure can keep the chemical elements in the matrix stable and is not easy to cause the phenomenon of poor growth of plants.
Wherein the ratio between the two components as cutting substrate is typically, but not limited to, for example, 0.8:1, 0.9:1, 1:1, 0.8: 0.9.
Preferably, the schisandra chinensis is selected from dormant schisandra chinensis;
preferably, the schisandra chinensis comprises schizandra chinensis;
more preferably, the schizandra chinensis includes morning glory.
The cultivation timing may be spring, such as early, middle, late March, and may be cultivated in a greenhouse for improving the cultivation effect of Schisandra chinensis.
Carrying out bud picking treatment when the seedlings are cultivated until the sprouts grow to about 1cm, wherein the bud picking treatment is carried out by reserving 1-2 buds for annual seedlings and 3-4 buds for biennial seedlings;
and (4) keeping sufficient water during the growth period of the nursery stock, and spraying the foliar fertilizer after the nursery stock grows for a period of time.
And (4) when the seedlings grow to the top and begin to bend and have a winding trend, the pinching treatment is carried out, and the seedlings can be used for cuttage about one week after pinching.
When the branches are pruned, the branches are pruned into single-bud cuttings of 8-12cm, and 1/2 are cut and left on leaves.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the technical scheme disclosed by the invention is simple and feasible in operation, is suitable for technicians and farmers to carry out self-operation, and has no technical difficulty. The used reagents, substrates and fertilizers can be purchased in the market, the price is low, the method is suitable for large-scale propagation of schisandra chinensis seedlings, the rooting rate of schisandra chinensis obtained after seedling culture can reach 79%, the average root length can reach 3.79cm, and the average number of roots can reach 8.
Detailed Description
While the technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the specific embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that the following described examples are some, but not all, examples of the present invention, and are only used for illustrating the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
According to one aspect of the invention, the invention relates to a method for raising schisandra chinensis seedlings by cutting, which comprises the following steps:
culturing schisandra chinensis seedlings, carrying out bud picking treatment after germination, applying a leaf fertilizer, then carrying out pinching treatment, trimming branches into single-bud cutting slips, then carrying out cutting culture on a cutting medium after treatment by a rooting agent;
wherein, the foliar fertilizer is applied by alternately applying a nitrogen fertilizer and a phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer;
the rooting agent comprises ABT and/or NAA;
the cutting medium comprises at least two of perlite, vermiculite and sand.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the application frequency of the foliar fertilizer is once per week, and the two fertilizers are alternately applied once each time;
the nitrogen fertilizer comprises at least one of urea, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonia water, liquid ammonia, sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate nitrate;
the phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer comprises at least one of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate;
the nitrogen fertilizer takes urea as an example, and the mass concentration is 0.2-0.3%;
and/or; the mass concentration of the monopotassium phosphate is 0.2-0.3%.
The process of the rooting agent treatment specifically comprises the following steps: soaking the cuttage part for 1-3 cm by using a rooting agent for 1.5-2.5 hours;
the depth of the cutting site is typically, but not limited to, 1cm, 2cm, 3 cm;
typical but non-limiting examples of soaking times are 1.5, 2, 2.5 hours.
The rooting agent comprises at least one of ABT and NAA;
preferably, the rooting agent consists of ABT and NAA;
more preferably, the mass concentration of the ABT is 225-275 ppm, and the mass concentration of the NAA is 20-75 ppm.
Typical but non-limiting examples of mass concentrations of ABT are 225, 230, 235, 240, 245, 250, 255, 260, 265, 270, 275 ppm;
typical but non-limiting examples of the mass concentration of NAA are 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75 ppm.
The cuttage substrate is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 0.8-1: 0.8-1 of perlite and vermiculite;
or; the cuttage substrate is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 0.8-1: 0.8-1 of vermiculite and sand;
or; the cuttage substrate is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 0.8-1: 0.8-1 of perlite and sand;
wherein the ratio between the two components as cutting medium is typically, but not limited to, for example, 0.8:1, 0.9:1, 1:1, 0.8: 0.9.
Preferably, the schisandra chinensis is selected from dormant schisandra chinensis;
preferably, the schisandra chinensis comprises schizandra chinensis;
more preferably, the schizandra chinensis includes morning glory.
The cultivation timing may be spring, such as early, middle, late March, and may be cultivated in a greenhouse for improving the cultivation effect of Schisandra chinensis.
Carrying out bud picking treatment when the seedlings are cultivated until the sprouts grow to about 1cm, wherein the bud picking treatment is carried out by reserving 1-2 buds for annual seedlings and 3-4 buds for biennial seedlings;
and (4) keeping sufficient water during the growth period of the nursery stock, and spraying the foliar fertilizer after the nursery stock grows for a period of time.
And (4) when the seedlings grow to the top and begin to bend and have a winding trend, the pinching treatment is carried out, and the seedlings can be used for cuttage about one week after pinching.
When the branches are pruned, the branches are pruned into single-bud cuttings of 8-12cm, and 1/2 are cut and left on leaves.
Example 1
Taking out the dormant schisandra chinensis seedlings in the middle ten days of March, putting the seedlings into a greenhouse for cultivation, carrying out bud picking treatment when the buds grow to about 1cm, keeping sufficient moisture during the seedling growth period, spraying foliar fertilizer after the seedlings grow for a period of time, spraying 0.3% of urea and monopotassium phosphate every seven days, and spraying the two fertilizers in a crossed manner. Pinching the seedlings when the seedlings start to bend and have a winding trend when the seedlings grow to the top, cutting branches into 10cm single-bud cuttings after pinching for one week, cutting leaves to 1/2, soaking the cutting parts for 2cm by using prepared rooting agents, wherein the rooting agents comprise 225ppm ABT and 75ppm NAA, the soaking time is 2.5 hours, and then, adding perlite: 1, vermiculite: 1, performing cuttage culture on the substrate.
Example 2
The method is basically the same as other steps of the embodiment 1 of the application, and is different from the following steps: the adopted rooting agent comprises the following components: 225ppm ABT and 25ppm NAA, soaking time: for 1.5 hours.
Example 3
The method is basically the same as other steps of the embodiment 1 of the application, and is different from the following steps: the adopted rooting agent comprises the following components: 225ppm ABT and 50ppm NAA, soaking time: 2.0 hours.
Example 4
The method is basically the same as other steps of the embodiment 1 of the application, and is different from the following steps: the adopted rooting agent comprises the following components: 250ppm ABT and 25ppm NAA, soaking time: 2.0 hours.
Example 5
The method is basically the same as other steps of the embodiment 1 of the application, and is different from the following steps: the adopted rooting agent comprises the following components: 250ppm ABT and 50ppm NAA, soaking time: 2.5 hours.
Example 6
The method is basically the same as other steps of the embodiment 1 of the application, and is different from the following steps: the adopted rooting agent comprises the following components: 250ppm ABT and 75ppm NAA, soaking time: for 1.5 hours.
Example 7
The method is basically the same as other steps of the embodiment 1 of the application, and is different from the following steps: the adopted rooting agent comprises the following components: 275ppm ABT and 25ppm NAA, soak time: 2.5 hours.
Example 8
The method is basically the same as other steps of the embodiment 1 of the application, and is different from the following steps: the adopted rooting agent comprises the following components: 275ppm ABT and 50ppm NAA, soak time: for 1.5 hours.
Example 9
The method is basically the same as other steps of the embodiment 1 of the application, and is different from the following steps: the adopted rooting agent comprises the following components: 275ppm ABT and 75ppm NAA, soaking time: 2.0 hours.
Example 10
Taking out the dormant schisandra chinensis seedlings in the middle ten days of March, putting the seedlings into a greenhouse for cultivation, carrying out bud picking treatment when the buds grow to about 1cm, keeping sufficient moisture during the seedling growth period, spraying foliar fertilizer after the seedlings grow for a period of time, spraying 0.3% of urea and monopotassium phosphate every seven days, and spraying the two fertilizers in a crossed manner. Pinching the seedlings when the seedlings start to bend and have a winding trend when the seedlings grow to the top, cutting branches into 10cm single-bud cuttings after pinching for one week, cutting leaves to 1/2, soaking the cutting parts for 2cm by using a prepared rooting agent, wherein the rooting agent comprises 250ppm ABT and 50ppm NAA, the soaking time is 2.0 hours, and then, after the steps of: 1, vermiculite: 1, performing cuttage culture on the substrate.
Example 11
The method is basically the same as the other steps of the embodiment 10 of the application, except that: the cutting medium adopted is as follows: vermiculite: 1: 1.
example 12
The method is basically the same as the other steps of the embodiment 10 of the application, except that: the cutting medium adopted is as follows: perlite: sand 1: 1.
comparative example 1
The method is basically the same as the other steps of the embodiment 10 of the application, except that: the foliar fertilizer used was 0.2% of the commercially available green kerry fertilizer.
Comparative example 2
The method is basically the same as the other steps of the embodiment 10 of the application, except that: the adopted foliar fertilizer is 0.2 percent of the commercially available green Kerley fertilizer, and the adopted cuttage matrix is as follows: vermiculite: sand 1: 1.
comparative example 3
Basically the same as the other steps of the embodiment 10 of the application, except that: the adopted foliar fertilizer is 0.2 percent of the commercially available green Kerley fertilizer, and the adopted cuttage matrix is as follows: perlite: sand 1: 1.
comparative example 4
The method is basically the same as other steps of the embodiment 1 of the application, and the difference is that: no foliar fertilizer treatment is adopted.
Examples of the experiments
Each experiment was repeated three times with 21 cuttings treated as one treatment according to the methods disclosed in examples 1-12 and comparative examples 1-3.
A set of blank experiments was used as a control, and the treatment method was: taking out the dormant schisandra chinensis seedlings in the middle ten days of March, putting the seedlings into a greenhouse for cultivation, carrying out bud picking treatment when the buds grow to about 1cm, and keeping sufficient water during the seedling growth period. Pinching the seedlings when the seedlings start to bend and have a winding trend when the seedlings grow to the top, cutting branches into 10cm single-bud cuttings after pinching for one week, cutting leaves to 1/2, soaking the cutting parts for 2cm by using prepared rooting agents, wherein the rooting agents comprise 225ppm ABT and 75ppm NAA, the soaking time is 2.5 hours, and then, adding perlite: 1, vermiculite: 1, performing cuttage culture on the substrate.
And calculating the average rooting rate, average root length and average root number of the schisandra chinensis obtained after each group of experimental cuttage cultivation.
Wherein the rooting rate is the number of rooting branches/21 multiplied by 100%.
The average rooting rate, average root length and average root number in each experimental group are shown in table 1.
Table 1 average rooting rate, average root length, average number of roots in each experimental group;
while particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it will be appreciated that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and are not restrictive; those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: modifications may be made to the above-described embodiments, or equivalents may be substituted for some or all of the features thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention; it is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such alternatives and modifications that are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for raising schisandra chinensis seedlings by cutting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
culturing schisandra chinensis seedlings, carrying out bud picking treatment after germination, applying a leaf fertilizer, then carrying out pinching treatment, trimming branches into single-bud cutting slips, then carrying out cutting culture on a cutting medium after treatment by a rooting agent;
wherein, the foliar fertilizer is applied by alternately applying a nitrogen fertilizer and a phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer;
the rooting agent comprises ABT and/or NAA;
the cutting medium comprises at least two of perlite, vermiculite and sand.
2. The method for raising seedlings by cutting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the frequency of applying the foliar fertilizer is once per week, and two fertilizers are alternately applied once each time;
preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer comprises at least one of urea, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonia water, liquid ammonia, sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate nitrate;
preferably, the phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer comprises at least one of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate.
3. The method for raising seedlings by cutting according to claim 2, wherein the mass concentration of the urea is 0.2-0.3%;
and/or; the mass concentration of the monopotassium phosphate is 0.2-0.3%.
4. The method for raising seedlings by cutting according to claim 1, wherein the process of treating with the rooting agent specifically comprises: and (3) soaking the cuttage part for 1-3 cm by using a rooting agent for 1.5-2.5 hours.
5. The method for raising seedlings by cutting according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the rooting agent comprises at least one of ABT and NAA;
preferably, the rooting agent consists of ABT and NAA; more preferably, the mass concentration of the ABT is 225-275 ppm, and the mass concentration of the NAA is 20-75 ppm.
6. The cutting seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the cutting medium is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 0.8-1: 0.8-1 of perlite and vermiculite;
or; the cuttage substrate is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 0.8-1: 0.8-1 of vermiculite and sand;
or; the cuttage substrate is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 0.8-1: 0.8-1 of perlite and sand.
7. The method for raising seedlings by cutting according to claim 1, wherein the schisandra chinensis is selected from the group consisting of dormant schisandra chinensis;
preferably, the schisandra chinensis comprises schizandra chinensis;
more preferably, the schizandra chinensis includes morning glory.
8. A cutting seedling raising method according to claim 3, wherein the bud picking treatment is carried out on annual seedlings with 1-2 buds and on biennial seedlings with 3-4 buds.
9. The method for raising seedlings by cutting according to claim 1, wherein the pinching is performed when the seedlings grow to the top and tend to bend and wind.
10. The method for raising seedlings by cutting according to claim 1, wherein the branches are cut into single-bud cuttings of 8-12cm when being pruned, and 1/2 are cut in leaves.
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