CN113207591A - Method for cultivating seedlings by pinellia ternata bulbels - Google Patents
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- CN113207591A CN113207591A CN202110515911.8A CN202110515911A CN113207591A CN 113207591 A CN113207591 A CN 113207591A CN 202110515911 A CN202110515911 A CN 202110515911A CN 113207591 A CN113207591 A CN 113207591A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and discloses a method for cultivating seedlings by pinellia ternata bulbels, which comprises the following steps: collecting pinellia tubers in 9-10 months; selecting sandy loam, deeply ploughing the land and combining soil preparation and base fertilizer application within 11-2 months of the next year; before sowing, leveling and finely raking the land and making beds; soaking tuber of pinellia in carbendazim liquid medicine, sterilizing, and sowing; collecting mature pinellia ternata bulbels in 5-6 months, and sowing the pinellia ternata bulbels in a seedling bed matrix; and (5) after the bulbils emerge, strengthening seedbed management, and continuing domestication and culture for 70-90 days, and then harvesting seed stems grown from the pinellia ternata bulbils. According to the method for cultivating the seedlings by using the pinellia ternata bulbil, the pinellia ternata tubers and the pinellia ternata bulbil are sequentially used for cultivating the pinellia ternata seedlings, so that the conditions which are most suitable for the growth and development of the pinellia ternata are created for the breeding of the pinellia ternata, and the pinellia ternata can be matured in an artificial planting environment and harvested as a medicinal material seed source. Meanwhile, the novel substrate seedbed designed by the invention greatly improves the survival rate of pinellia ternata.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating seedlings by pinellia ternata bulbels.
Background
At present, Pinellia ternate (scientific name: Pinellia ternata (thunnb.) Breit) is a perennial herb of the Araceae family. Also known as pinellia ternata. Dried tuber of pinellia has effects of eliminating dampness, eliminating phlegm, invigorating spleen and stomach, and relieving emesis, and can be used for treating excessive phlegm cough and asthma, phlegm retention dizziness and palpitation, internal phlegm giddiness, phlegm syncope headache, emesis regurgitation, chest and gastric cavity stuffiness, and globus hystericus; the raw material is used for externally treating carbuncle swelling and productive cough, and is widely applied to Chinese medicine formulas and preparations, such as syrup, electuary, pill, tablet and the like.
Before the 70's of the 20 th century, market demand was mainly met by digging wild pinellia ternate, and market supply was good. Since the 70 s, the market has increasingly increased demand for pinellia ternate, wild resources are increasingly exhausted, the supply and demand relationship is gradually tense, the price of pinellia ternate is continuously increased, and counterfeit products are in full charge of the market.
At present, the bulbil of the pinellia ternata medicinal material is artificially planted, and vegetative propagation is mostly adopted to produce seed stems, namely, harvested pinellia ternata tubers are reserved for seeds, or wild pinellia ternata is dug for seeds. The tuber is directly used for planting, so that the germplasm is easy to degenerate, the body is easy to change, diseases and insect pests are easy to occur, and serious plants are easy to rot in a large scale, so that the yield and the loss are greatly reduced, and the tuber can not be continuously used as a seed. Therefore, a new method for cultivating seedlings by using pinellia ternata bulbil is needed.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: the harvested pinellia ternate seed stems are reserved or wild pinellia ternate is dug to be used as seeds, germplasm is easy to degenerate, the bodies are easy to mutate, diseases and pests are easy to occur, and severe pinellia ternate is rotted in a large scale to greatly reduce yield loss, so that the pinellia ternate seed stems cannot be continuously used as seeds.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for cultivating seedlings by pinellia ternata bulbil buds.
The invention is realized in such a way that the method for cultivating the seedlings by the pinellia ternata bulbil comprises the following steps:
collecting full and disease and pest damage free tubers of artificially planted or wild pinellia ternata in 9-10 months as pinellia ternata bulbil seedling tubers;
selecting sandy loam which is moist, fertile, loose in texture, good in irrigation and drainage and neutral in pH value, deeply ploughing the land between 11 and 2 months in the next year, and applying a base fertilizer in combination with land preparation;
before sowing, leveling and finely raking the land and making beds; soaking the collected tuber of pinellia tuber in 5% carbendazim solution for sterilization; sowing;
collecting mature pinellia ternate bulbels in 5-6 months, soaking the pinellia ternate bulbels in 10% of plant ash and 90% of water for 2-3 hours, and then sowing the pinellia ternate bulbels in a seedling bed matrix;
and fifthly, after the bud sprouts, strengthening seedbed management. Continuing domestication and culture for 70-90 days, and then collecting seed stems grown from pinellia ternata bulbels;
in the fifth step, the process of reinforcing the management of the pinellia ternata bulbil seedbed after the bulbil emerges is as follows:
1) determining the water standards of different periods according to the growth rule of pinellia ternata bulbels;
2) detecting and recording the moisture and temperature conditions of the pinellia ternate bulbil seedbed in real time;
3) determining a proper watering mode, a proper watering amount and a proper application and control temperature according to the water standards of pinellia ternate bulbels at different periods and the water content and the temperature of a seedbed of the pinellia ternate bulbels, and applying fertilizer to the seedbed;
when watering, adding a certain amount of bactericide and rooting agent;
when watering, controlling the water temperature at 17-22 ℃, and watering by using a drip irrigation or spraying mode;
watering at 9-10 am or 6-7 pm;
the water standard in different periods in the step 1) is specifically as follows:
before emergence of seedlings, the bed soil is kept in a moist state, and watering is not carried out in the period;
after aligning seedlings, supplementing water when water is deficient, and fully watering at one time;
the specific process of the seedbed fertilization is as follows:
applying organic fertilizer to seedbed more than one mu
2000-2500 kg of fully decomposed farmyard manure and 30-60 kg of calcium superphosphate;
after seedling emergence, quick-acting fertilizer can be applied, comprising: 5-10 kg of urea and 5 kg of potassium sulfate.
The specific method for applying and controlling the temperature in the step 3) comprises the following steps:
in the seedling stage, the optimum temperature of the seedbed is 15-20 ℃, the highest temperature is not more than 25 ℃, and the lowest temperature is not lower than 10 ℃;
when seedlings are leveled, the optimum temperature is 22-25 ℃, the highest temperature is not more than 28 ℃, and the lowest temperature is not lower than 15 ℃;
further, in the second step, the land is deeply ploughed by 20-30 cm, and in combination with soil preparation, 2000-2500 kg of fully decomposed farmyard manure and 30-60 kg of calcium superphosphate are applied to each mu of land and are ploughed into the soil to serve as base fertilizer.
Further, the fully decomposed farm manure is livestock manure and agricultural waste.
Further, in the third step, the seed soaking and disinfection of the tuber of pinellia with the carbendazim solution with the concentration of 5% comprises the following steps:
(1) soaking collected tuber of pinellia in 5% carbendazim solution for disinfection, and turning over the tuber manually to make the disinfectant contact with seed stem fully;
(2) fishing out the disinfected tubers, draining off water, spreading and airing for 3-4 h until the surfaces of the tubers are dry, and sowing
Further, in the third step, after soil is finely graded and raked, the soil is graded into planting ridges with the width of 1.0-1.2 m and the height of 20-30 cm, the ridge groove width is 20-30 cm, and pinellia ternata is planted.
Further, in the third step, the sowing method of the tuber of pinellia ternata comprises the following steps:
(1) sowing or drilling a sowing ditch with the depth of 3-6 cm according to the row spacing of 10-15 cm in the period from 3 late ten days to 4 middle days of the month at the temperature of 10-15 ℃;
(2) uniformly spreading the blocks in the planting furrows or the planting ditches by using 120-150 kg of tubers per mu, wherein the plant spacing is 2-5 cm;
(3) and (5) covering soil for 2-3 cm after sowing, and raking.
Further, in the fourth step, the substrate seedling bed is 10-12 cm high and 1.2-1.4 m wide, and the distance between the two seedling beds is 30-40 cm.
Further, in the fourth step, the culture conditions of the pinellia ternata bulbil are as follows: the culture conditions of the pinellia ternata bud buds are as follows: setting the illuminance at 3100-3300 Lux, the air humidity at 60-70% and the temperature at 25-28 ℃.
Further, in the fourth step, the seedbed matrix comprises, by mass, 20-30 parts of peat, 15-25 parts of garden soil, 10-15 parts of vermiculite, 8-12 parts of plant ash and 3-5 parts of farmyard manure.
Further, the preparation method of the seedbed matrix comprises the following steps:
peat, vegetable garden soil, vermiculite, plant ash and bio-organic fertilizer are mixed and stirred uniformly to obtain the seedbed matrix.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: according to the method for cultivating the seedlings by using the pinellia ternata bulbil, the pinellia ternata tubers and the pinellia ternata bulbil are sequentially used for cultivating the pinellia ternata seedlings, so that the conditions which are most suitable for the growth and development of the pinellia ternata are created for the breeding of the pinellia ternata, and the pinellia ternata can be matured in an artificial planting environment and harvested as a medicinal material seed source. Meanwhile, the novel substrate seedbed designed by the invention greatly improves the survival rate of pinellia ternata.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for cultivating seedlings by using pinellia ternata bulbil provided by the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for soaking seeds and sterilizing pinellia tuber seed stems by using a carbendazim solution with a concentration of 5% according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of a sowing method of pinellia ternata seed stems according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for managing a bed of enhanced pinellia ternate bulbil sprouts according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method for applying fertilizer to a seedbed according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for cultivating seedlings by pinellia ternata bulbil buds, which is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for cultivating seedlings by using pinellia ternata bulbil provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101, collecting artificially planted or wild pinellia tubers as pinellia tuber bulbil seedling tubers in 9-10 months;
s102, selecting sandy loam, deeply ploughing the land and combining soil preparation and base fertilizer application within 11-2 months of the next year;
s103, before sowing, leveling and finely raking the land and making beds; soaking tuber of pinellia in carbendazim liquid medicine, sterilizing, and sowing;
s104, collecting mature pinellia ternate bulblets in 5-6 months, and sowing the pinellia ternate bulblets in a seedling bed matrix; after the bud sprouts, strengthening seedbed management;
s105, continuing to acclimatize and culture for 70-90 days, and then collecting seed stems grown from the pinellia ternata bulbels.
In the step S102 provided by the embodiment of the invention, the deep ploughing is carried out for 20-30 cm, the land is prepared in a combined manner, 2000-2500 kg of fully decomposed farmyard manure and 30-60 kg of calcium superphosphate are applied to each mu of land, and the farmyard manure is ploughed into the soil to serve as a base fertilizer.
The fully decomposed farm manure provided by the embodiment of the invention is livestock manure and agricultural waste.
As shown in fig. 2, in step S103, the step of seed soaking and sterilizing tuber of pinellia with carbendazim solution with concentration of 5% comprises:
s201, soaking collected pinellia ternata seed stems in 5% carbendazim solution for disinfection, and manually and lightly turning over the seed stems to enable disinfectant to be fully contacted with the seed stems;
s202, fishing out the disinfected tubers, draining, spreading and airing for 3-4 hours until the surfaces of the tubers are dry, and sowing;
in the step S103 provided by the embodiment of the invention, after soil is finely graded and raked, the soil is graded into planting furrows with the width of 1.0-1.2 m and the height of 20-30 cm, the furrows with the width of 20-30 cm, and pinellia ternata is planted.
As shown in fig. 3, in step S103, the sowing method of the tuber of pinellia ternata provided by the embodiment of the present invention comprises:
s301, sowing or digging a minor ditch with the depth of 3-6 cm according to the row spacing of 15-20 cm from 3 late ten days to 4 middle ten days of the month at the temperature of 10-15 ℃;
s302, uniformly scattering the blocks in the planting furrows or the planting furrows with the plant spacing of 2-5 cm by using 120-150 kilograms of tubers per mu;
s303, covering soil for 2-3 cm after sowing, and raking.
In the step S104 provided by the embodiment of the invention, the substrate seedling bed is 10-12 cm high and 1.2-1.4 m wide, and the distance between the two seedling beds is 30-40 cm.
In step S104 provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the culture conditions of the pinellia ternata bulbil are as follows: setting the illuminance at 3100-3300 Lux, the air humidity at 60-70% and the temperature at 25-28 ℃.
In step S104 provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the seedbed substrate is composed of, by mass, 20 to 30 parts of peat, 15 to 25 parts of garden soil, 10 to 15 parts of vermiculite, 8 to 12 parts of plant ash, and 3 to 5 parts of farmyard manure.
The preparation process of the seedbed matrix provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: peat, vegetable garden soil, vermiculite, plant ash and bio-organic fertilizer are mixed and stirred uniformly to obtain the seedbed matrix.
In step S105, the process of enhancing management of the seedling bed of the pinellia ternata bulbil after the bulbil emerges includes:
s401: determining the water standards of different periods according to the growth rule of pinellia ternata bulbels;
s402: detecting and recording the moisture and temperature conditions of the pinellia ternate bulbil seedbed in real time;
s403: according to the characteristics of the pinellia ternata bud seedling in different periods of water demand and the water content and temperature of the pinellia ternata bud seedling bed, determining a proper watering mode, a proper watering amount and a proper application and control temperature, and applying fertilizer to the seedling bed.
When watering, adding a certain amount of bactericide and rooting agent;
when watering, controlling the water temperature to 17-22 ℃, and watering by using a drip irrigation or spraying mode;
watering at 9-10 am or 6-7 pm;
the water standard in different periods in the S401 specifically comprises the following steps:
before emergence of seedlings, the bed soil is kept in a moist state, and watering is not carried out in the period;
after aligning seedlings, supplementing water when water is deficient, and fully watering at one time;
the specific process of the seedbed fertilization is as follows:
s501: applying organic fertilizers to the seedbed more, wherein 2000-2500 kg of fully decomposed farmyard manure and 30-60 kg of calcium superphosphate are applied per mu;
s502: after seedling emergence, quick-acting fertilizer can be applied, comprising: 5-10 kg of urea and 5 kg of potassium sulfate.
The specific method for controlling the temperature in S403 includes:
in the seedling stage, the optimum temperature of the seedbed is 15-20 ℃, the highest temperature is not more than 25 ℃, and the lowest temperature is not lower than 10 ℃;
when seedlings are leveled, the optimum temperature is 22-25 ℃, the highest temperature is not more than 28 ℃, and the lowest temperature is not less than 15 ℃.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The method for cultivating the seedlings by using the pinellia ternata bulbil is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
collecting full and disease and pest damage free tubers of artificially planted or wild pinellia ternata in 9-10 months as pinellia ternata bulbil seedling tubers;
selecting sandy loam which is moist, fertile, loose in texture, good in irrigation and drainage and neutral in pH value, deeply ploughing the land between 11 and 2 months in the next year, and applying a base fertilizer in combination with land preparation;
before sowing, leveling and finely raking the land and making beds; soaking the collected tuber of pinellia tuber in 5% carbendazim solution, sterilizing, and sowing;
collecting mature pinellia ternate bulbels in 5-6 months, soaking the pinellia ternate bulbels in 10% of plant ash and 90% of water for 2-3 hours, and then sowing the pinellia ternate bulbels in a seedling bed matrix;
step five, after the bud sprouts, strengthening seedbed management; continuing domestication and culture for 70-90 days, and then collecting seed stems grown from pinellia ternata bulbels;
in the fifth step, the process of reinforcing the management of the pinellia ternata bulbil seedbed after the bulbil emerges is as follows:
1) determining the water standards of different periods according to the growth rule of pinellia ternata bulbels;
2) detecting and recording the moisture and temperature conditions of the pinellia ternate bulbil seedbed in real time;
3) determining a proper watering mode, a proper watering amount and a proper application and control temperature according to the water demand characteristics of the pinellia tuber bulbil seedlings in different periods and the moisture content and the temperature of the seedbed matrix, and applying fertilizer to the seedbed;
when watering, adding a certain amount of bactericide and rooting agent;
when watering, controlling the water temperature at 17-22 ℃, and watering by using a drip irrigation or spraying mode;
watering at 9-10 am or 6-7 pm;
the water standard in different periods in the step 1) is specifically as follows:
before emergence of seedlings, the bed soil is kept in a moist state, and watering is not carried out in the period;
after aligning seedlings, supplementing water when water is deficient, and fully watering at one time;
the specific process of the seedbed fertilization is as follows:
applying organic fertilizers to the seedbed more, wherein 2000-2500 kg of fully decomposed farmyard manure and 30-60 kg of calcium superphosphate are applied to each mu;
after seedling emergence, quick-acting fertilizer can be applied, comprising: 5-10 kg of urea and 5 kg of potassium sulfate;
the specific method for applying and controlling the temperature in the step 3) comprises the following steps:
in the seedling stage, the optimum temperature of the seedbed is 15-20 ℃, the highest temperature is not more than 25 ℃, and the lowest temperature is not lower than 10 ℃;
when seedlings are leveled, the optimum temperature is 22-25 ℃, the highest temperature is not more than 28 ℃, and the lowest temperature is not less than 15 ℃.
2. The pinellia ternata seedling culturing method through the bulbil according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, 20-30 cm deep ploughing is performed, 2000-2500 kg of fully decomposed farmyard manure and 30-60 kg of calcium superphosphate are applied to each mu in combination with soil preparation, and the farmyard manure is turned into the soil to serve as a base fertilizer.
3. The method for cultivating seedlings of pinellia ternata Thunb bud-buds as claimed in claim 2, wherein the fully decomposed farmyard manure is livestock and poultry manure and agricultural waste.
4. The method for cultivating seedlings of pinellia ternata Thunb bud seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the seeds of pinellia ternata Thunb tubers are soaked and sterilized by a 5% carbendazim solution, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) soaking collected tuber of pinellia in 5% carbendazim solution for disinfection, and turning over the tuber manually to make the disinfectant contact with seed stem fully;
(2) and fishing out the disinfected tubers, draining, spreading and airing for 3-4 h until the surfaces of the tubers are dry, and sowing.
5. The pinellia ternate seedling culturing method through the bulbil according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, pinellia ternate is planted after soil is trimmed, raked and leveled into planting furrows with the width of 1.0-1.2 m and the height of 20-30 cm and the furrow width of 20-30 cm.
6. The method for cultivating seedlings by using pinellia ternata buds as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the third step, the sowing method of the pinellia ternata tubers comprises the following steps:
(1) sowing or drilling a sowing ditch with the depth of 3-6 cm according to the row spacing of 10-15 cm in the period from 3 late ten days to 4 middle days of the month at the temperature of 10-15 ℃;
(2) uniformly spreading the blocks in the planting furrows or the planting ditches by using 120-150 kg of tubers per mu, wherein the plant spacing is 2-5 cm;
(3) and (5) covering soil for 2-3 cm after sowing, and raking.
7. The method for cultivating seedlings by pinellia ternata bulbil buds as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the substrate seedling bed is 10-12 cm high and 1.2-1.4 m wide, and the distance between the two seedling beds is 30-40 cm.
8. The method for cultivating seedlings of pinellia ternata Thunb bud seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the culture conditions of the pinellia ternata Thunb bud seedlings are as follows: setting the illuminance at 3100-3300 Lux, the air humidity at 60-70% and the temperature at 25-28 ℃.
9. The pinellia ternata seedling culturing method through the bulbil according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the seedbed matrix comprises 20-30 parts by weight of peat, 15-25 parts by weight of vegetable garden soil, 10-15 parts by weight of vermiculite, 8-12 parts by weight of plant ash and 3-5 parts by weight of farmyard manure.
10. The pinellia ternata seedling culturing method by virtue of bulbil buds as claimed in claim 9, wherein the preparation process of the seedling bed substrate comprises the following steps: peat, vegetable garden soil, vermiculite, plant ash and bio-organic fertilizer are mixed and stirred uniformly to obtain the seedbed matrix.
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| CN105145034A (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2015-12-16 | 亳州市谯城区药用动植物研究所 | Pinellia tenataBreit fast breeding method |
| CN107372121A (en) * | 2017-09-06 | 2017-11-24 | 衢州市东篱生物科技有限公司 | The technology that tuber of pinellia three generations's seedling stem breeding of method is established |
| CN107466853A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2017-12-15 | 衢州康源生物科技有限公司 | A kind of breeding method for the tuber of pinellia seedling stem that hereditary variation is small, survival rate is high |
| CN108739383A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-11-06 | 甘肃源宜生物科技有限公司 | A kind of tuber of pinellia quick breeding method for tissue culture |
| CN111165310A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-05-19 | 安徽盛海堂中药饮片有限公司 | Preparation method of wild pinellia ternata seedling culture nutrient medium |
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2021
- 2021-05-12 CN CN202110515911.8A patent/CN113207591A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105145034A (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2015-12-16 | 亳州市谯城区药用动植物研究所 | Pinellia tenataBreit fast breeding method |
| CN107466853A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2017-12-15 | 衢州康源生物科技有限公司 | A kind of breeding method for the tuber of pinellia seedling stem that hereditary variation is small, survival rate is high |
| CN107372121A (en) * | 2017-09-06 | 2017-11-24 | 衢州市东篱生物科技有限公司 | The technology that tuber of pinellia three generations's seedling stem breeding of method is established |
| CN108739383A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-11-06 | 甘肃源宜生物科技有限公司 | A kind of tuber of pinellia quick breeding method for tissue culture |
| CN111165310A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-05-19 | 安徽盛海堂中药饮片有限公司 | Preparation method of wild pinellia ternata seedling culture nutrient medium |
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