CN113197158A - Method for cultivating high-temperature-resistant high-yield apis cerana - Google Patents
Method for cultivating high-temperature-resistant high-yield apis cerana Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
- A01N65/44—Poaceae or Gramineae [Grass family], e.g. bamboo, lemon grass or citronella grass
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating high-temperature-resistant high-yield Chinese honeybees, which comprises the following steps: s1, queen bee breeding: breeding a second-generation Huazhong Chinese bee queen; s2, male breeding peak: culturing to obtain the second-generation Apis cerana; s3, mating: mating and oviposition by taking the queen bee of the second generation Mesema chinensis in S1 as a female parent and the male bee of the second generation Mesema Yunnanensis in S2 as a male parent, and incubating to breed hybrid bees; s4, determining the feet of the culture area; s5, cleaning regularly; s6, collecting honey and preventing diseases; s7, insect pest prevention. The hybrid bees bred by the method of the invention have the high-temperature resistance characteristic while maintaining the high properties of honey production, so that the excellent properties of the male parent and the female parent can be preserved to a great extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bee breeding, in particular to a method for breeding high-temperature-resistant high-yield honeybees.
Background
The bee uses plant nectar and pollen as food, and uses the honey, royal jelly, propolis and beeswax as raw material. These bee products have great utility in medical, nutritional, cosmetic, industrial, etc. applications. As a big bee-keeping country, the quantity of bee colonies and the yield of bee products in China all live at the top of the world, wherein Chinese bees are excellent bee-keeping varieties in China, and the advantages of biological properties and production performance are as follows: the Chinese medicinal composition has the advantages of warm and domesticated character, early propagation time in early spring, strong cold resistance, no high temperature resistance, poor anti-theft capability and susceptibility to Chinese bee sacbrood. At present, the Chinese apis are bred in a mixed way for a long time, so that the species degeneration and the bee colony decline of the Chinese apis in a large range are brought, and the excellent characters are seriously lost.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks, the present invention provides the following solutions.
A method for cultivating and breeding high-temperature-resistant high-yield Chinese honeybees comprises the following steps:
s1, queen bee breeding: feeding Yunnan Chinese bee royal jelly to the Chinese bee queen, incubating the eggs to form first-generation Chinese bee queen, feeding the Yunnan Chinese bee royal jelly to the first-generation Chinese bee queen, incubating the eggs to form larvae, and placing the larvae in the Yunnan Chinese bee colony to form second-generation Chinese bee queen;
s2, male breeding peak: feeding the queen bee of the Yunnan Mediterranean bee to the royal jelly of the Mediterranean bee, incubating the produced eggs into larvae and cultivating the first generation of the queen bee of the Yunnan Mediterranean bee, feeding the royal jelly of the Mediterranean bee to the first generation of the Mediterranean bee, incubating the produced eggs into larvae, and then putting the larvae into a bee colony of the Mediterranean bee to cultivate the second generation of the male Mediterranean bee;
s3, mating: mating and oviposition are carried out by taking the queen bee of the second generation Mesema chinensis bred in S1 as a female parent and the male bee of the second generation Mesema yunnanensis bred in S2 as a male parent, and hybrid bees are bred by hatching;
s4, determining a culture area: placing the beehive provided with the hybrid bees in a bee factory to ensure that the beehive is leeward and exposed to the sun and the flower source is sufficient within 5 kilometers of the bee factory;
s5, cleaning periodically: cleaning the beehive and the periphery of the beehive for 1 to 2 times every month;
s6, collecting honey and preventing diseases: in spring, summer and autumn, regularly collecting honey in the beehive, and spraying disease prevention liquid medicine in the beehive after each honey collection is finished; the preparation method of the disease-preventing liquid medicine comprises the following steps: pollen, water, bamboo vinegar, citronella essential oil, lecithin and calcium carbonate hollow microspheres in a weight ratio of 1: 100: (2-4): (0.8-1.2): 0.01: 1.8, stirring in a high-speed stirrer for 30-40min to prepare suspension;
s7, insect pest prevention: spraying the mite-killing agent once when the bee colony enters winter, and spraying the mite-killing agent once again before the bee colony is bred in the early spring.
Preferably, the S1 chinese apis cerana queen is selected from the queens of domestic wuhan local apis cerana swarms.
Preferably, the Yunnan Meretrix japonicus Queen in S2 is selected from the queen of Meretrix japonicus Queen bee colony produced by Dai nationality of Western Banna in south Yunnan province of China.
Preferably, the mite removing agent in S7 is Weipeng bee mite clear.
Preferably, the preparation method of the calcium carbonate hollow microsphere comprises the following steps: 1 volume portion of 0.2mol/L Na2CO3Solution and 1 volume part of 0.2mol/L CaCl2The solutions were stirred for 30-40min, and then 1 part by volume of 0.1mol/L SDS solution was added to Na2CO3Stirring the solution continuously, adding CaCl2Adding the solution rapidly, and reacting at 40-50 deg.C for 60-70 min; resulting CaCO3Filtering the product, washing with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol for 2 times respectively, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at 70 deg.C.
Preferably, the rotation speed of the high-speed stirrer in S6 is controlled at 180-200 r/min.
Preferably, S1 feeding Diannan Mesochlainae royal jelly for 15-20 days.
Preferably, the feeding time of Queen Diannadian Chinese bee and Queen Diannadian Chinese bee in S2 to royal jelly of Mesochlaina Huazhong bee is 20-30 days.
Preferably, in the disease prevention liquid medicine in S6, the weight ratio of pollen, water, bamboo vinegar, citronella essential oil, lecithin and calcium carbonate hollow microspheres is 1: 100: 3: 1: 0.01: 1.8.
yunnan Chinese honeybee: the central production area of the Yunnan Chinese apis is the southern area of Yunnan, has the advantages of high temperature and high humidity resistance, weak bee separation performance and weak bee stealing performance, and has the defects of small colony vigor, weak egg laying capacity, poor collection force and no cold resistance.
Chinese bee: the central producing area of the Chinese apis cerana is the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river, and has the advantages of warm and domesticated character, early spring development time, strong cold resistance, high honey yield and poor anti-theft capability and is easy to infect Chinese bee sacbrood.
The advantages of the invention are as follows:
(1) the method is characterized in that the Xishuangbanna Dai autonomous state of the southern Yunnan is used as one of the regions with the best breeding and maintaining characters of the Yunnan Chinese bees in China, the queen bees of the Yunnan Chinese bees introduced by the Xishuangbanna Dai autonomous state are bred, the male second-generation Dian-nan Chinese bee is bred, the high-temperature and high-humidity resistance of the male second-generation Dian-Chinese bee is well preserved, the male second-generation Dian-Chinese bee is particularly suitable for the high-temperature and high-humidity growth environment in summer in Wuhan region, the male second-generation Dian-Chinese bee bred by the queen bee in the Huazhong of the Wuhan region and the male parent of the female second-generation Dian-Chinese bee are used, and the male second-generation Dian-Chinese bee is mated and laid eggs and incubated, and hybrid bees can be obtained. The queen bee of the Chinese honeybee in Huazhong and the queen bee of the first generation of the Chinese honeybee in Huazhong are fed with the royal jelly of the Chinese honeybee in Dianan, so that the characters of the Chinese honeybee in Dianan can be better involved in the queen bee of the second generation of the Chinese honeybee in Huazhong; in the same way, the queen bee of the Yunnan Chinese bee and the queen bee of the first-generation Yunnan Chinese bee are fed with the royal jelly of the Huazhong Chinese bee, so that the characters of the Huazhong Chinese bee are involved in the male bee of the second-generation Yunnan Chinese bee. The two bee traits can be fused and intervened with each other to a certain extent during the feeding and nursing period. The hybrid bee has the high temperature resistance while maintaining the high honey yield and cold resistance, so that the excellent properties of the male parent and the female parent can be preserved to a large extent, and the excellent properties of high temperature resistance and high honey yield are maintained.
(2) Spraying disease preventing liquid medicine prepared by mixing pollen, water, bamboo vinegar liquid, citronella essential oil, lecithin and calcium carbonate hollow microspheres once inside the beehive after honey collection is finished; the bee larva virus killing agent is characterized in that pollen is added to enable bees to accept the bee larva more easily, stress reaction is not prone to occurring, citronella essential oil has a calming effect and a sterilization effect, calcium carbonate hollow microspheres have a porous structure, are matched with lecithin serving as a surfactant and have extremely strong adsorption and wrapping functions, suspended sterilization particles formed by mixing bamboo vinegar liquid, citronella essential oil and water can be adsorbed on the surfaces of the calcium carbonate hollow microspheres and slowly released, and bee saclike larva viruses can be continuously killed for a long time after being sprayed in a beehive.
(3) Spraying the mite-killing agent once when the bee colony enters winter, and spraying the mite-killing agent once again before the bee colony is bred in the early spring. Effectively reduces the influence of mites on bees and further improves the honey yield of the bees.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
< example 1>
A method for cultivating and breeding high-temperature-resistant high-yield Chinese honeybees comprises the following steps:
s1, queen bee breeding: feeding Yunnan Chinese bee royal jelly for 15 days, hatching the produced eggs into larvae and cultivating into a first-generation Yunnan Chinese bee queen, feeding the first-generation Yunnan Chinese bee queen for 15 days, hatching the produced eggs into the larvae, and then putting the larvae into a Yunnan Chinese bee colony to cultivate into a second-generation Yunnan Chinese bee queen;
s2, male breeding peak: feeding the queen bee of the Yunnan Chinese bee to the royal jelly of the Chinese bee in Huazhong for 20 days, hatching the produced eggs into larvae and cultivating the larvae into a first-generation queen bee of the Yunnan Chinese bee, feeding the first-generation queen bee of the Chinese bee to the royal jelly of the Chinese bee in Huazhong for 20 days, hatching the produced eggs into the larvae, and then putting the larvae into a bee colony of the Chinese bee in Huazhong to cultivate a second-generation male bee of the Chinese bee in Yunnan;
s3, mating: mating and oviposition are carried out by taking the queen bee of the second generation Mesema chinensis bred in S1 as a female parent and the male bee of the second generation Mesema yunnanensis bred in S2 as a male parent, and hybrid bees are bred by hatching;
s4, determining a culture area: placing the beehive provided with the hybrid bees in a bee factory to ensure that the beehive is leeward and exposed to the sun and the flower source is sufficient within 5 kilometers of the bee factory;
s5, cleaning periodically: cleaning the beehive and the periphery of the beehive for 1 time every month;
s6, collecting honey and preventing diseases: in spring, summer and autumn, regularly collecting honey in the beehive, and spraying disease prevention liquid medicine in the beehive after each honey collection is finished; the preparation method of the disease-preventing liquid medicine comprises the following steps: pollen, water, bamboo vinegar, citronella essential oil, lecithin and calcium carbonate hollow microspheres in a weight ratio of 1: 100: 2: 0.8: 0.01: 1.8, mixing, stirring in a high-speed stirrer for 30min, and controlling the rotating speed of the high-speed stirrer at 180r/min to prepare suspension; the preparation method of the calcium carbonate hollow microsphere comprises the following steps: 1 volume portion of 0.2mol/L Na2CO3Solution and 1 volume part of 0.2mol/L CaCl2The solutions were stirred for 30min, respectively, and then 1 part by volume of 0.1mol/L SDS solution was added to Na2CO3Stirring the solution continuously, adding CaCl2Adding the solution quickly, and keeping the reaction for 60min at the temperature of 40 ℃; resulting CaCO3Filtering the product, washing with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol for 2 times respectively, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at 70 deg.C to obtain the final product;
s7, insect pest prevention: spraying the mite-killing agent once when the bee colony enters winter, and spraying the mite-killing agent once again before the bee colony is bred in the early spring.
S1 the Chinese apis cerana queen is selected from domestic Wuhan local apis cerana queen of bee colony.
The Dianan Apis queen bee in S2 is selected from Apis queen bee colony of Apis cerana Dai autonomous State of Western Banna in south Yunnan China.
In S7, the mite removing agent is Weipeng bee mite clear.
< example 2>
A method for cultivating and breeding high-temperature-resistant high-yield Chinese honeybees comprises the following steps:
s1, queen bee breeding: feeding Yunnan Chinese bee royal jelly for 20 days, hatching the produced eggs into larvae and cultivating into a first-generation Yunnan Chinese bee queen, feeding the first-generation Yunnan Chinese bee queen for 20 days, hatching the produced eggs into the larvae, and then putting the larvae into a Yunnan Chinese bee colony to cultivate into a second-generation Yunnan Chinese bee queen;
s2, male breeding peak: feeding the queen bee of the Yunnan Chinese bee to the royal jelly of the Chinese bee in Huazhong for 30 days, hatching the produced eggs into larvae and cultivating the larvae into a first-generation queen bee of the Yunnan Chinese bee, feeding the first-generation queen bee of the Chinese bee to the royal jelly of the Chinese bee in Huazhong for 30 days, hatching the produced eggs into the larvae, and then putting the larvae into a bee colony of the Chinese bee in Huazhong to cultivate a second-generation male bee of the Chinese bee in Yunnan;
s3, mating: mating and oviposition are carried out by taking the queen bee of the second generation Mesema chinensis bred in S1 as a female parent and the male bee of the second generation Mesema yunnanensis bred in S2 as a male parent, and hybrid bees are bred by hatching;
s4, determining a culture area: placing the beehive provided with the hybrid bees in a bee factory to ensure that the beehive is leeward and exposed to the sun and the flower source is sufficient within 5 kilometers of the bee factory;
s5, cleaning periodically: cleaning the beehive and the periphery of the beehive for 2 times every month;
s6, collecting honey and preventing diseases: in spring, summer and autumn, regularly collecting honey in the beehive, and spraying disease prevention liquid medicine in the beehive after each honey collection is finished; the preparation method of the disease-preventing liquid medicine comprises the following steps: pollen, water, bamboo vinegar, citronella essential oil, lecithin and calcium carbonate hollow microspheres in a weight ratio of 1: 100: 4: 1.2: 0.01: 1.8, mixing, stirring in a high-speed stirrer for 40min, and controlling the rotating speed of the high-speed stirrer at 200r/min to prepare suspension; the preparation method of the calcium carbonate hollow microsphere comprises the following steps: 1 volume portion of 0.2mol/L Na2CO3Solution and 1 volume part of 0.2mol/L CaCl2The solutions were stirred for 40min, respectively, and then 1 part by volume of 0.1mol/L SDS solution was added to Na2CO3Stirring the solution continuously, adding CaCl2Adding the solution quickly, and keeping the reaction for 70min at the temperature of 50 ℃; resulting CaCO3The product is filteredWashing with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol for 2 times respectively, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at 70 deg.C to obtain the final product;
s7, insect pest prevention: spraying the mite-killing agent once when the bee colony enters winter, and spraying the mite-killing agent once again before the bee colony is bred in the early spring.
S1 the Chinese apis cerana queen is selected from domestic Wuhan local apis cerana queen of bee colony.
The Dianan Apis queen bee in S2 is selected from Apis queen bee colony of Apis cerana Dai autonomous State of Western Banna in south Yunnan China.
In S7, the mite removing agent is Weipeng bee mite clear.
< example 3>
A method for cultivating and breeding high-temperature-resistant high-yield Chinese honeybees comprises the following steps:
s1, queen bee breeding: feeding the queen bee of Megasus Yunnanensis to the royal jelly of Megasus Yunnanensis for 18 days, incubating the eggs produced to form larvae and cultivating the first generation of Megasus Huaensis, feeding the first generation of Megasus Huaensis to the queen bee of Megasus Yunnanensis for 18 days, incubating the eggs produced to form larvae, and then placing the larvae into the swarm of Megasus Yunnanensis to cultivate the second generation of Megasus Huaensis queen bee;
s2, male breeding peak: feeding the queen bee of the Yunnan Chinese bee with the royal jelly of the Chinese bee in Huazhong for 25 days, hatching the produced eggs into larvae and cultivating the larvae into the queen bee of the first-generation Yunnan Chinese bee, feeding the queen bee of the first-generation Chinese bee with the royal jelly of the Chinese bee in Huazhong for 25 days, hatching the produced eggs into the larvae, and then putting the larvae into the bee colony of the Chinese bee in Huazhong to cultivate the male bee of the second-generation Chinese bee;
s3, mating: mating and oviposition are carried out by taking the queen bee of the second generation Mesema chinensis bred in S1 as a female parent and the male bee of the second generation Mesema yunnanensis bred in S2 as a male parent, and hybrid bees are bred by hatching;
s4, determining a culture area: placing the beehive provided with the hybrid bees in a bee factory to ensure that the beehive is leeward and exposed to the sun and the flower source is sufficient within 5 kilometers of the bee factory;
s5, cleaning periodically: cleaning the beehive and the periphery of the beehive for 2 times every month;
s6, collecting honey and preventing diseases: in spring, summer and autumn, honey is collected from the beehive periodically, and honey collection is finished each timeSpraying disease-preventing liquid medicine once inside the beehive; the preparation method of the disease-preventing liquid medicine comprises the following steps: pollen, water, bamboo vinegar, citronella essential oil, lecithin and calcium carbonate hollow microspheres in a weight ratio of 1: 100: 3: 1: 0.01: 1.8, mixing, stirring for 35min in a high-speed stirrer, and controlling the rotating speed of the high-speed stirrer at 190r/min to prepare suspension; the preparation method of the calcium carbonate hollow microsphere comprises the following steps: 1 volume portion of 0.2mol/L Na2CO3Solution and 1 volume part of 0.2mol/L CaCl2The solutions were stirred for 35min, and then 1 part by volume of 0.1mol/L SDS solution was added to Na2CO3Stirring the solution continuously, adding CaCl2Adding the solution quickly, and keeping the reaction for 65min at the temperature of 45 ℃; resulting CaCO3Filtering the product, washing with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol for 2 times respectively, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at 70 deg.C to obtain the final product;
s7, insect pest prevention: spraying the mite-killing agent once when the bee colony enters winter, and spraying the mite-killing agent once again before the bee colony is bred in the early spring.
S1 the Chinese apis cerana queen is selected from domestic Wuhan local apis cerana queen of bee colony.
The Dianan Apis queen bee in S2 is selected from Apis queen bee colony of Apis cerana Dai autonomous State of Western Banna in south Yunnan China.
In S7, the mite removing agent is Weipeng bee mite clear.
< comparative example 1>
A Chinese bee breeding method comprises the following steps:
s1, mating: mating and ovipositing the queen bee of the Mesochlaina Huazhong bee as a female parent and the drone bee of the Mesochlaina Yunnanensis bee as a male parent, and incubating to breed hybrid bees (the step of feeding royal jelly and the second generation male parent and the female parent mutually is omitted);
s2, determining a culture area: placing the beehive provided with the hybrid bees in a bee factory to ensure that the beehive is leeward and exposed to the sun and the flower source is sufficient within 5 kilometers of the bee factory;
s3, cleaning periodically: cleaning the beehive and the periphery of the beehive for 2 times every month;
s4, collecting honey and preventing diseases: in the spring, summer and autumn of the river,regularly collecting honey in the beehive, and spraying disease prevention liquid medicine in the beehive after each honey collection is finished; the preparation method of the disease-preventing liquid medicine comprises the following steps: pollen, water, bamboo vinegar, citronella essential oil, lecithin and calcium carbonate hollow microspheres in a weight ratio of 1: 100: 3: 1: 0.01: 1.8, mixing, stirring for 35min in a high-speed stirrer, and controlling the rotating speed of the high-speed stirrer at 190r/min to prepare suspension; the preparation method of the calcium carbonate hollow microsphere comprises the following steps: 1 volume portion of 0.2mol/L Na2CO3Solution and 1 volume part of 0.2mol/L CaCl2The solutions were stirred for 35min, and then 1 part by volume of 0.1mol/L SDS solution was added to Na2CO3Stirring the solution continuously, adding CaCl2Adding the solution quickly, and keeping the reaction for 65min at the temperature of 45 ℃; resulting CaCO3Filtering the product, washing with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol for 2 times respectively, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at 70 deg.C to obtain the final product;
s5, insect pest prevention: spraying the mite-killing agent once when the bee colony enters winter, and spraying the mite-killing agent once again before the bee colony is bred in the early spring. The mite removing agent is fenpicng bee mite removing agent.
S1 the Chinese apis cerana queen is selected from domestic Wuhan local apis cerana queen of bee colony.
The Dianan Apis queen bee in S2 is selected from Apis queen bee colony of Apis cerana Dai autonomous State of Western Banna in south Yunnan China.
< comparative example 2>
A Chinese bee breeding method comprises the following steps:
s1, queen bee breeding: feeding the queen bee of Megasus Yunnanensis to the royal jelly of Megasus Yunnanensis for 18 days, incubating the eggs produced to form larvae and cultivating the first generation of Megasus Huaensis, feeding the first generation of Megasus Huaensis to the queen bee of Megasus Yunnanensis for 18 days, incubating the eggs produced to form larvae, and then placing the larvae into the swarm of Megasus Yunnanensis to cultivate the second generation of Megasus Huaensis queen bee;
s2, male breeding peak: feeding the queen bee of the Yunnan Chinese bee with the royal jelly of the Chinese bee in Huazhong for 25 days, hatching the produced eggs into larvae and cultivating the larvae into the queen bee of the first-generation Yunnan Chinese bee, feeding the queen bee of the first-generation Chinese bee with the royal jelly of the Chinese bee in Huazhong for 25 days, hatching the produced eggs into the larvae, and then putting the larvae into the bee colony of the Chinese bee in Huazhong to cultivate the male bee of the second-generation Chinese bee;
s3, mating: mating and oviposition are carried out by taking the queen bee of the second generation Mesema chinensis bred in S1 as a female parent and the male bee of the second generation Mesema yunnanensis bred in S2 as a male parent, and hybrid bees are bred by hatching;
s4, determining a culture area: placing the beehive provided with the hybrid bees in a bee factory to ensure that the beehive is leeward and exposed to the sun and the flower source is sufficient within 5 kilometers of the bee factory;
s5, cleaning periodically: cleaning the beehive and the periphery of the beehive for 2 times every month (the steps of preparing and spraying the self-made disease-preventing liquid medicine are saved);
s6, insect pest prevention: spraying the mite-killing agent once when the bee colony enters winter, and spraying the mite-killing agent once again before the bee colony is bred in the early spring. In S7, the mite removing agent is Weipeng bee mite clear.
S1 the Chinese apis cerana queen is selected from domestic Wuhan local apis cerana queen of bee colony.
The Dianan Apis queen bee in S2 is selected from Apis queen bee colony of Apis cerana Dai autonomous State of Western Banna in south Yunnan China.
< comparative example 3>
A Chinese bee breeding method comprises the following steps:
s1, placing the beehive provided with the local Mesema chinensis in a bee factory to ensure that the beehive is leeward and exposed to the sun and the flower source of the beehive is sufficient within 5 kilometers of the bee factory (omitting the steps of Mesema chinensis intervention and male parent and female parent cultivation);
s2, cleaning periodically: cleaning the beehive and the periphery of the beehive for 2 times every month;
s3, collecting honey and preventing diseases: in spring, summer and autumn, regularly collecting honey in the beehive, and spraying disease prevention liquid medicine in the beehive after each honey collection is finished; the preparation method of the disease-preventing liquid medicine comprises the following steps: pollen, water, bamboo vinegar, citronella essential oil, lecithin and calcium carbonate hollow microspheres in a weight ratio of 1: 100: 3: 1: 0.01: 1.8, mixing, stirring for 35min in a high-speed stirrer, and controlling the rotating speed of the high-speed stirrer at 190r/min to prepare suspension; the preparation method of the calcium carbonate hollow microsphere comprises the following steps: stirring 1 volume part of 0.2mol/L Na2CO3 solution and 1 volume part of 0.2mol/L CaCl2 solution for 35min respectively, then adding 1 volume part of 0.1mol/L SDS solution into the Na2CO3 solution, continuously stirring, rapidly adding the CaCl2 solution, and keeping the reaction at the temperature of 45 ℃ for 65 min; filtering the obtained CaCO3 product, washing with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol for 2 times respectively, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at 70 deg.C to obtain the final product;
s4, insect pest prevention: spraying the mite-killing agent once when the bee colony enters winter, and spraying the mite-killing agent once again before the bee colony is bred in the early spring. The mite removing agent is fenpicng bee mite removing agent.
< comparative example 4>
A Chinese bee breeding method comprises the following steps:
s1, placing the beehive provided with the local Mesema chinensis in a bee factory to ensure that the beehive is leeward and exposed to the sun and the flower source of the beehive is sufficient within 5 kilometers of the bee factory (omitting the steps of Mesema chinensis intervention and male parent and female parent cultivation);
s2, cleaning periodically: cleaning the beehive and the periphery of the beehive for 2 times every month;
s3, collecting honey and preventing diseases: in spring, summer and autumn, the beehive is periodically adopted for honey collection, and after honey collection is completed each time, the conventional disease-preventing liquid medicine is sprayed inside the beehive, and oxalic acid solution or citric acid solution can be used for spraying (the steps of preparing and spraying the self-made disease-preventing liquid medicine are omitted);
s4, insect pest prevention: spraying the mite-killing agent once when the bee colony enters winter, and spraying the conventional mite-killing agent once again before breeding of the bee colony in the early spring.
< test for high temperature resistance and Honey production >
In a certain bee breeding farm in Wuhan area, the bee seeds obtained in the examples 1-5 and the comparative examples 1-3 of the invention are respectively put into beehives of the same specification for breeding, and after breeding for one year, the produced honey is compared, and the test conditions of the spring honey yield, the summer honey yield and the autumn honey yield are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
As can be observed from Table 1, the honey yield of the hybrid bees bred by the methods of examples 1-3 in summer is 46.8-48.2kg, which is significantly better than that of comparative examples 1-4 in terms of 24.5-40.2 kg, and the honey yield of example 3 in summer is increased by 19.9% -39.7% compared with that of comparative examples 1-4, which indicates that the hybrid bees of examples 1-3 still have good activity in high-temperature environments in summer and the high-honey-yield character is kept good. In addition, the honey yield of the hybrid bees bred by the methods of examples 1 to 3 is obviously superior to that of comparative examples 1 to 4 in spring and autumn, which shows that the honey production capacity of the hybrid bees is remarkably improved. The method for feeding royal jelly and the second generation male parent and female parent to each other is omitted in comparative example 1, the step of preparing and spraying the self-made disease-preventing liquid medicine is omitted in comparative example 2, the step of introducing Chinese Yunnan bee and cultivating the male parent and the female parent is omitted in comparative example 3, the step of introducing Chinese Yunnan bee and cultivating the male parent and the female parent is omitted in comparative example 4, the step of preparing and spraying the self-made disease-preventing liquid medicine is omitted, and the influence of each step on the breeding character of the bee can be obviously seen from data comparison.
The queen bee breeding method is characterized in that queen bee breeding of Dianna Zhongfeng introduced in the Dai nationality of Xishuangbanna is carried out, the male bee of the second generation Dianna Zhongfeng is cultivated, the high temperature and high humidity resistance of the male bee is well preserved, the male bee is particularly suitable for the high temperature and high humidity growth environment in summer in Wuhan areas, the male bee serves as a male parent and the queen bee breeding of the second generation Mehua Zhongfeng queen bee in Wuhan local Mehua Zhongfeng serves as a female parent, and the male bee and the queen bee are mated, laid eggs and incubated, so that the hybrid bee can be obtained. The Queen of Mesochlainae and the first generation of Mesochlainae are fed with the royal jelly of Mesochlainae in Yunnan, so that the characters of Mesochlainae in Yunnan can better intervene the Queen of Mesochlainae in the second generation of Mesochlainae. In the same way, the queen bee of the Yunnan Chinese bee and the queen bee of the first-generation Yunnan Chinese bee are fed with the royal jelly of the Huazhong Chinese bee, so that the characters of the Huazhong Chinese bee are involved in the male bee of the second-generation Yunnan Chinese bee. The two bee traits can be fused and intervened with each other to a certain extent during the feeding and nursing period. The hybrid bee has the high temperature resistance while maintaining the high honey yield and cold resistance, so that the excellent properties of the male parent and the female parent can be preserved to a large extent, and the excellent properties of high temperature resistance and high honey yield are maintained.
< test for disease resistance >
The hybrid bees bred by the methods of examples 1 to 3 and the bees bred by the methods of comparative examples 1 to 4 were compared in the data of incidence of cysticercosis and acarids, as shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
In conclusion, the incidence of the sacbrood disease of the hybrid bees bred by the methods of the embodiments 1 to 3 of the invention is 9.6 to 10.1 percent, which is obviously superior to 13.8 to 30.5 percent of the comparative examples 1 to 4, and the self-prepared disease prevention liquid medicine has very good effect of killing the sacbrood virus. Comparing comparative example 2 with example 3, it can be observed whether the effect on the incidence of bee sacbrood using the self-prepared prophylactic liquid medicine of the present invention (the incidence of example 3 is 9.6%, and comparative example 3 is 24.6%). The self-made disease-preventing liquid medicine has the advantages that the pollen enables bees to accept more easily, stress reaction is not easy to generate, the citronella essential oil has a calming effect and a sterilizing effect, the calcium carbonate hollow microspheres have a porous structure and are matched with lecithin serving as a surfactant, the calcium carbonate hollow microspheres have extremely strong adsorption and coating functions, suspended sterilizing particles formed by mixing the bamboo vinegar liquid and the citronella essential oil with water can be adsorbed on the surfaces of the calcium carbonate hollow microspheres and slowly released, and the sacbrood viruses of the bees can be kept to be continuously killed for a longer time after being sprayed in a beehive.
The above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, which are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and applications made by the above embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for cultivating and breeding high-temperature-resistant high-yield Chinese honeybees is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, queen bee breeding: feeding Yunnan Chinese bee royal jelly to the Chinese bee queen, incubating the eggs to form first-generation Chinese bee queen, feeding the Yunnan Chinese bee royal jelly to the first-generation Chinese bee queen, incubating the eggs to form larvae, and placing the larvae in the Yunnan Chinese bee colony to form second-generation Chinese bee queen;
s2, male breeding peak: feeding the queen bee of the Yunnan Mediterranean bee to the royal jelly of the Mediterranean bee, incubating the produced eggs into larvae and cultivating the first generation of the queen bee of the Yunnan Mediterranean bee, feeding the royal jelly of the Mediterranean bee to the first generation of the Mediterranean bee, incubating the produced eggs into larvae, and then putting the larvae into a bee colony of the Mediterranean bee to cultivate the second generation of the male Mediterranean bee;
s3, mating: mating and oviposition are carried out by taking the queen bee of the second generation Mesema chinensis bred in S1 as a female parent and the male bee of the second generation Mesema yunnanensis bred in S2 as a male parent, and hybrid bees are bred by hatching;
s4, determining a culture area: placing the beehive provided with the hybrid bees in a bee factory to ensure that the beehive is leeward and exposed to the sun and the flower source is sufficient within 5 kilometers of the bee factory;
s5, cleaning periodically: cleaning the beehive and the periphery of the beehive for 1 to 2 times every month;
s6, collecting honey and preventing diseases: in spring, summer and autumn, regularly collecting honey in the beehive, and spraying disease prevention liquid medicine in the beehive after each honey collection is finished; the preparation method of the disease-preventing liquid medicine comprises the following steps: pollen, water, bamboo vinegar, citronella essential oil, lecithin and calcium carbonate hollow microspheres in a weight ratio of 1: 100: (2-4): (0.8-1.2): 0.01: 1.8, stirring in a high-speed stirrer for 30-40min to prepare suspension;
s7, insect pest prevention: spraying the mite-killing agent once when the bee colony enters winter, and spraying the mite-killing agent once again before the bee colony is bred in the early spring.
2. The breeding method of high temperature resistant high yield apis cerana smith according to claim 1, wherein S1 apis cerana smith queen is selected from queens of domestic wuhan local apis cerana smith bee colony.
3. The cultivating and breeding method of high-temperature-resistant high-yield honey bee according to claim 1, characterized in that the queen bee of Yunnan Meretrix japonicus of S2 is selected from queen bee colony of Meretrix japonicus produced by Dai nationality of Western Banna in south Yunnan China.
4. The method for cultivating high-temperature-resistant and high-yield honey bees according to claim 1, wherein the mite removing agent in S7 is Weipeng bee mite clear.
5. The method for cultivating and breeding high-temperature-resistant and high-yield Chinese honeybees according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the calcium carbonate hollow microspheres comprises the following steps: 1 volume portion of 0.2mol/L Na2CO3Solution and 1 volume part of 0.2mol/L CaCl2The solutions were stirred for 30-40min, and then 1 part by volume of 0.1mol/L SDS solution was added to Na2CO3Stirring the solution continuously, adding CaCl2Adding the solution rapidly, and reacting at 40-50 deg.C for 60-70 min; resulting CaCO3Filtering the product, washing with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol for 2 times respectively, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at 70 deg.C.
6. The method for cultivating and breeding high-temperature-resistant and high-yield Chinese honeybees as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotation speed of the high-speed mixer in S6 is controlled at 180-200 r/min.
7. The breeding method of high temperature resistant high yield honey bee according to claim 1, wherein the feeding time of S1 queen bee of zhonghuazhong bee and queen bee of first generation zhonghua bee to queen bee of Yunnan apis bee is 15-20 days.
8. The breeding method of high temperature resistant high yielding Meretrix cusia according to claim 1, wherein the feeding time of Meretrix yunnanensis queen and first generation Meretrix yunnanensis queen in S2 to Meretrix japonicus royal jelly is 20-30 days.
9. The method for cultivating and breeding high-temperature-resistant and high-yield honeybee bees according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of pollen, water, bamboo vinegar, citronella essential oil, lecithin and calcium carbonate hollow microspheres in the disease-preventing liquid medicine in S6 is 1: 100: 3: 1: 0.01: 1.8.
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