CN105230575B - A method of improving radish aphid reproductive efficiency - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving the reproductive efficiency of the radish aphid. The invention finds that the breeding of the radish aphid by changing the temperature has the following advantages: 1. Individuals of the third-instar nymphs and adults of the radish aphid are respectively larger than the nymphs of the same age in the prior art , adults; 2. The survival rate of radish aphid adults is increased, and the time for radish aphids to develop from eggs to adults is shortened; 3. The life span of female radish aphids produced by breeding is longer than that of conventionally bred radish aphids. The adult aphids breed the next generation of radish aphids, and the females lay more eggs than the female adults of radish aphids bred by conventional methods.

Description

A method for improving the reproductive efficiency of radish aphid

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of biological control of agricultural and forestry pests, and in particular relates to a breeding method for the host of the brachyphyll wasp, the radish aphid, used in the process of biological control of agricultural and forestry pests.

Background technique

Yunnan is rich in crops, with many types of cooked crops, aphids are widely distributed, highly prevalent, common hazards, large amount of pesticides, single control method, poor control effect, pesticide residues and pollution, etc., have long been a difficult problem for plant protection work in Yunnan Province . In order to achieve new breakthroughs in plant protection work, since 2006, according to the requirements of the Ministry of Agriculture to "vigorously promote the green prevention and control of crop diseases and insect pests, and promote the quality and safety of agricultural products and the safety of the agricultural ecological environment", Yunnan Province has vigorously developed integrated green prevention and control technology and accelerated its progress. .

Aphid wasp is an important parasitic natural enemy of aphids. It is widely used in rapeseed, vegetables, corn and other crops to control aphids. First, it can effectively control the population of aphids, reduce the harm of aphids, and reduce the The probability of migratory aphids spreading viral diseases ensures the yield and quality of agricultural products; the second is to prevent aphids from developing drug resistance; the third is to significantly reduce the use of chemical insecticides on crops, reduce pesticide residues, and improve the safety of agricultural products in Yunnan; Reduce environmental pollution caused by chemical pesticides. The use of aphids to control aphids is a major key technical support to solve the problems of large amount of pesticides, single control methods, poor control effects, pesticide residues and pollution, etc. It creates conditions for improving Yunnan's agricultural products to participate in domestic and international markets. Sustainable agricultural development coincides with the trend of developing modern plant protection, bringing huge economic, social and ecological benefits.

The vast majority of aphids belong to the family Aphididae of the order Homoptera. They are polyphagous pests that are widely distributed all over the world and cause serious damage to crops. It also spreads a variety of viruses, causing the occurrence and prevalence of various viral diseases and other insect-borne diseases. People have carried out many researches on the prevention and control of aphids. Various control measures have been applied in the control of aphids. It is difficult to survive under the dosage, and at the same time, it increases the probability of pesticide residues on the crops, and the pollution to the agricultural environment is increasing day by day, which is not conducive to the sustainable development of agriculture. Therefore, it is urgent to adopt green and environment-friendly biological control technology in the control of aphids.

Aphid wasps can parasitize a variety of aphids, including green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer), vegetable aphid Brevicorynebrassicae (Linnaeus), radish aphid Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), wheat long tube aphid Macrosiphumavenae (Fabricius), cotton aphid Aphis gossypii_Glover, etc., the highest can Up to 89.16%, it is of great significance in the biological control of aphids and has a remarkable effect in application. As an important parasitic wasp of aphids, Braconus rapae has a relatively narrow range of hosts and often shows obvious specialization. Its hosts mainly include: cabbage aphid, radish aphid, green peach aphid, rustworm aphid, and wheat bifurcation aphid. It is distributed all over the world. In China, it is mainly distributed in vegetable fields, wheat fields, and tobacco fields.

The radish aphid Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) belongs to the family Aphididae of the order Homoptera and is distributed throughout the country. Cruciferous vegetables such as collard greens and sprouts are often mixed with peach aphids.

According to our investigation, the occurrence and damage of aphids in the young spring crops before flue-cured tobacco are more serious, but the biological control of aphids in the young spring and big spring crops is still blank. In the past three years, our research group has carried out preliminary research and field experiments and demonstrations. Through breeding bees in greenhouses and releasing aphid braconids to control aphids in spring crops, we can control the base of aphid populations, reduce costs, protect and colonize braconids , Obtain scientific first-hand information and phased results. Improving the technical level of large-scale propagation and field release is the key to the biological control of aphids. The large-scale reproduction technology of Aphididae mainly includes three production links: the selection and planting of aphid host plants, the mass reproduction of host aphids, and the mass reproduction of Aphididae. The three links complement each other and are related to each other. At present, there are three obstacles in the process of carrying out the control of radish aphid by the radish aphid: 1. Lack of host plants suitable for large-scale reproduction of radish aphid; 2. Lack of large-scale reproduction process of radish aphid; Commercial production technology of braconids. Through a large number of experimental studies, the present invention finds a method for improving the reproductive efficiency of the radish aphid, and carries out indoor temperature-changing breeding of the radish aphid, so that it can meet the needs of large-scale and high-efficiency propagation of the radish aphid indoors.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the invention is to provide a method for improving the reproductive efficiency of the radish aphid, and to carry out indoor breeding of the radish aphid so that it can meet the needs of large-scale and high-efficiency propagation of the radish aphid indoors.

The technical scheme adopted for reaching the purpose of the present invention is as follows:

A method for improving the reproductive efficiency of the radish aphid, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: selecting a host plant, inoculating the radish aphid, and breeding the radish aphid;

Preferably, the selection of the host plant comprises the following steps: selecting rape with a leaf age of 5-6 leaves as the host of the radish aphid;

Preferably, the inoculation of the radish aphid comprises the following steps: moving the rape with a leaf age of 5-6 leaves to the inoculation room, inoculating the radish aphid without wings, and inoculating 25-65 wingless adults per plant of rapeseed, The temperature in the inoculation room was kept at 22°C, the relative humidity was 70%, and the light was sufficient;

Preferably, the breeding of the radish aphid adopts variable temperature breeding, comprising the following steps: moving the inoculated rapeseed into the greenhouse, adjusting the temperature in the greenhouse to 18.5°C at 6 am, and then increasing the temperature in the greenhouse by 2°C per hour, At 12 o'clock in the afternoon, the temperature in the greenhouse reaches 30.5°C, keep the temperature in the greenhouse at 30.5°C for 2 hours, then cool down by 1.5°C every hour, until 22:00 in the evening, the temperature in the greenhouse is 18.5°C, and then maintain 18.5°C until 6:00 the next day , the humidity in the greenhouse is maintained at 68-75%, and the light conditions are 13 hours of light and 11 hours of darkness; the variable temperature breeding lasts for 2-3 days, and the eggs of the radish aphid develop into 3rd instar nymphs;

Preferably, the variable temperature breeding lasts for 4-5 days, and the eggs of the radish aphid develop into adults;

Preferably, the rape variety is Huayou No. 3 or Huayou No. 6;

The 3rd instar nymph of the radish aphid propagated by the present invention is used as the host of Aphid rapae;

The adult of the radish aphid propagated by the invention is used for breeding the next generation of the radish aphid.

The present invention has following advantage:

1. The present invention adopts a variable temperature method to breed radish aphids, and the individuals of the 3rd instar nymphs and adults of the radish aphids are respectively larger than the nymphs and adults of the same age in the prior art.

2. The present invention adopts the method of variable temperature to breed the radish aphid, the survival rate of the radish aphid adult is improved, and the time for the radish aphid to grow from egg to adult is shortened.

3. The present invention adopts a temperature-variable method to breed radish aphids, and the female adults of radish aphids produced by the breeding live longer than the female adults of radish aphids bred in a conventional way. The adult radish aphids obtained by variable-temperature breeding are used to breed the next generation of radish aphids. Higher than the female adults of radish aphids bred by conventional methods.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the examples. The percentages in the examples are weight ratios, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Example 1

1. Materials:

1.1 Insect source for the test: the radish aphid used in the test is the adult radish aphid collected from the Maqiao Scientific Research Base in Yuxi City, Yunnan Province;

1.2 The host plant for testing: Huayou No. 3;

2. Test method: (test repeated three times)

(1) Selecting No. 3 oilseed rape whose leaf age is 5-6 leaves as the radish aphid host;

(2) Move 400 pots of No. 3 oilseed rape whose leaf age is 5-6 leaves to the inoculation room, inoculate the radish aphid without wings, and inoculate 50 adult aphids with each rapeseed, and keep the temperature in the inoculation room at 22°C, 70% relative humidity, sufficient light;

(3) Breeding of radish aphid adopts variable temperature breeding, comprising the following steps: select 100 pots of rape that have been inoculated in step (2) and move them into the greenhouse, adjust the temperature in the greenhouse to 18.5°C at 6 am, and then raise the temperature in the greenhouse every hour 2°C higher, until 12 o'clock in the afternoon, the temperature in the greenhouse reaches 30.5°C, maintain the temperature in the greenhouse at 30.5°C for 2 hours, then drop the temperature by 1.5°C every hour, until 22:00 in the evening, the temperature in the greenhouse is 18.5°C, and then maintain 18.5°C to At 6:00 the next day, the humidity in the greenhouse was kept at 70%, and the light conditions were 13 hours of light and 11 hours of darkness; the variable temperature breeding lasted for 2.8 days, and the eggs of the radish aphid developed into 3rd instar nymphs; the variable temperature breeding lasted for 4.8 days, and the radish aphid's Eggs develop into adults.

(4) Constant temperature breeding of radish aphid nymphs and adults:

CK1: Select 100 pots of rape that have been inoculated in step (2) and move them into the greenhouse. The temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 25°C, the humidity is kept at 70%, and the light conditions are 13 hours of light and 11 hours of darkness; the constant temperature breeding lasts for 4.2 days, and the radish aphid The eggs of the radish aphid developed into 3rd instar nymphs; the constant temperature breeding lasted 7.7 days, and the eggs of the radish aphid developed into adults.

CK2: Select 100 pots of rape that have been inoculated in step (2) and move them into the greenhouse. The temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 20°C, the humidity is kept at 70%, and the light conditions are 13 hours of light and 11 hours of darkness; the constant temperature breeding lasts for 6.4 days, and the radish aphid The eggs of the radish aphid developed into 3rd instar nymphs; the constant temperature breeding lasted for 9.5 days, and the eggs of the radish aphid developed into adults.

CK3: Select 100 pots of rape that have been inoculated in step (2) and move them into the greenhouse. The temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 27° C., the humidity is kept at 70%, and the light conditions are 13 hours of light and 11 hours of darkness. The constant temperature breeding lasted for 3.5 days, and the eggs of the radish aphid developed into 3rd instar nymphs; the variable temperature breeding lasted for 6.3 days, and the eggs of the radish aphid developed into adults.

(5) Comparison of body shape between radish aphid nymphs and adults

From the radish aphids on rapeseed in step (3) randomly select 200 heads of 3rd instar nymphs and 200 adults randomly, and randomly select 200 3rd instar nymphs and 200 adults from the radish aphids on rapeseed in step (4) CK1, CK2 and CK3 , measure its body length and body width with a micrometer in a stereo microscope, and obtain the average body length and average body width of the 3rd instar nymphs and adults of the radish aphid on rapeseed.

Note: The body length and body width of the third-instar nymphs and adults of the radish aphid in Table 1 are the average values of three repeated experiments

The data in Table 1 show that the 3rd instar nymphs and adults of the radish aphid were larger than the nymphs and adults of the same age cultured at constant temperature in the control, and the individual size of the 3rd instar nymph of the radish aphid affected its host. Fecundity and individual size of A. rapae after eclosion. Larger 3rd instar nymphs of A. radish are conducive to breeding B. rapae with stronger vitality.

(6) Survival rate and developmental period of radish aphid adults

From step (3), 200 radish aphid adults were randomly selected from CK1, CK2, and CK3 in step (4).

Note: the survival rate of radish aphid adults in Table 2 is the average value of three repeated experiments

The data in Table 2 show that the survival rate of adults of radish aphids is increased by breeding radish aphids by changing the temperature, which increases the number of radish aphids that can be used to breed the next generation.

Note: The time from eggs of radish aphid to 3rd instar nymph and adult in Table 3 is the average value of three repeated experiments

The data in Table 3 show that the time for the radish aphids to grow from eggs to 3rd instar nymphs and adults is shorter than that of the radish aphids bred at constant temperature, which will help to improve the reproduction speed and efficiency of the radish aphids.

(7) Lifespan and egg production of radish aphid adults under different breeding conditions

From step (3), CK1, CK2, and CK3 in step (4) randomly select 50 female adults of radish aphid respectively, insert them into the back of the blade of rapeseed, and observe and record the production of female adults of radish aphid every day under a stereomicroscope. Egg quantity and survival status until the female adult dies.

Note: The lifespan of female adults of radish aphid in Table 4, and the amount of eggs laid by female adults are the average values of three repeated experiments

The data in Table 4 show that: the radish aphid female adults bred by changing temperature can live longer than the radish aphid female adults bred at constant temperature. The amount of eggs is higher than that of female adults of radish aphids bred at constant temperature, which will help to improve the reproductive speed and efficiency of radish aphids. It can be seen that the present invention greatly improves the reproductive efficiency of the radish aphid.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of method improving radish aphid reproductive efficiency, it is characterised in that：The method includes the steps of：Host plant selects, Radish aphid is inoculated with, radish aphid breeding；The host plant selection includes the following steps：Select leaf age for the rape conduct of 5-6 leaves Radish aphid host；The radish aphid inoculation includes the following steps：The rape that leaf age is 5-6 leaves is moved to and connects zooecium, is inoculated with radish aphid Aptery adult aphid, every plant of rape are inoculated with 25-65 aptery adult aphid, connect worm indoor temperature and are maintained at 22 DEG C, relative humidity 70%, illumination It is sufficient；The radish aphid breeding is bred using alternating temperature, is included the following steps：Rape after inoculation is moved into greenhouse, when the morning 6 The indoor temperature of temperature is adjusted to 18.5 DEG C, then warm indoor temperature increases 2 DEG C per hour, until when 12, the indoor temperature of temperature reaches To 30.5 DEG C, keep 30.5 DEG C of warm indoor temperature 2 hours, then cool down 1.5 DEG C per hour, until at night 22 when, warm indoor temperature It it is 18.5 DEG C, when then 18.5 DEG C of holding is to next day 6, the indoor humidity of temperature is maintained at 68-75%, and illumination condition was 13 small time According to 11 hours dark；Alternating temperature breeding continues 2-3 days, and the egg development of radish aphid is 3 age nymphs.

2. a kind of method improving radish aphid reproductive efficiency according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The alternating temperature is numerous It educates lasting 4-5 days, the egg development of radish aphid is adult.

3. a kind of method improving radish aphid reproductive efficiency according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The product of the rape Kind is caul-fat 3 or caul-fat 6.

4. a kind of using the 3 age nymphs of radish aphid as the purposes of dish aphid parasite host, it is characterised in that：3 ages of the radish aphid Nymph is obtained using the method for claim 3.

5. a kind of adult using radish aphid is used to breed the purposes of next-generation radish aphid, it is characterised in that：The adult of the radish aphid It is to be obtained using the method for claim 3.