CN113171781A - 一种BC复合Bi4O5Br2光催化材料光催化处理回灌渗滤液的方法 - Google Patents
一种BC复合Bi4O5Br2光催化材料光催化处理回灌渗滤液的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种BC/Bi4O5Br2复合光催化剂光催化处理回灌垃圾渗滤液的方法。将BC/Bi4O5Br2粉末加入回灌垃圾渗滤液中，在磁力搅拌和氙灯作用下，进行光催化氧化反应。其中所述光催化剂的制备采用超声辅助‑室温原位沉淀法，将2.425g五水合硝酸铋溶于20mL乙二醇中，并在搅拌下加入BC，超声30min，磁力搅拌30min，加入0.595g溴化钾搅拌30min至溶解，加入8mL超纯水和2mL一水合氨，搅拌6h后，真空抽滤，沉淀用超纯水和无水乙醇轮流各清洗3次后置于60℃烘箱干燥12h，研磨即得BC/Bi4O5Br2粉末。本发明利用氙灯进行光催化处理回灌垃圾渗滤液，环保、节能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于环保和光催化技术领域，特别涉及一种BC/Bi4O5Br2复合光催化材料催化处理回灌垃圾渗滤液的方法。
背景技术
垃圾填埋场产生的渗滤液成分复杂，含有大量难生物降解有机物，是我国水体的重要污染源，对其进行有效处理是城市环境亟待解决的问题之一。研究表明，经生物法处理后的渗滤液出水中可检出55种有机物，以烯烃、烷烃为主，醇和酯类种类较多。烯烃和环烷烃可能是进水中的直链长烷烃氧化产生，醇和酯同样是烃类的氧化中间产物。这些难生物降解有机物含量累积，污染物浓度无法得到进一步降低。
目前，光催化氧化作为一种新型高级氧化技术，是在光化学氧化基础上发展起来的，具有氧化能力强和无二次污染等特点，因其可在常温常压下进行，且具有环保、节能、高效等特点，在渗滤液处理领域开始受到重视。其中，在富铋卤化物材料中的Bi4O5Br2因其化学稳定性高、比表面积大、独特的电子结构、较高的光吸收能力而备受关注，且研究表明其在有机物的降解方面具有优异的性能。目前，生物碳(BC)作为一种碳材料被广泛研究，其具有大量的孔道结构以及较大的比表面积，与催化剂复合可以提高催化剂的吸附性能；还具有良好的导电性，与催化剂复合后还可以作为电子受体，及时传导电子以提高电子-空穴对的分离效率，故认为将BC/Bi4O5Br2复合光催化材料用于处理回灌垃圾渗滤液是可行的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种BC/Bi4O5Br2复合光催化材料光催化处理回灌垃圾渗滤液的方法。
本发明的思路：回灌型生物反应器填埋产生的渗滤液由于可生化性差，成分复杂，含有大量难生物降解有机物而亟需一种有效的处理方法。本发明通过超声辅助-室温原位沉淀法将BC与Bi4O5Br2纳米片复合，使制得的催化剂可以在可见光条件下处理回灌渗滤液。
具体步骤为：
(1)将五水合硝酸铋溶于乙二醇中，并在搅拌下加入BC，超声后，再磁力搅拌，再加入溴化钾磁力搅拌至其溶解；
(2)向步骤(1)所得溶液中依次缓慢加入超纯水和一水合氨，磁力搅拌；
(3)将步骤(2)得到的反应液过滤收集沉淀，洗涤沉淀物；
(4)将步骤(3)所得沉淀物干燥，研磨后即得BC/Bi4O5Br2复合光催化材料。
(5)将步骤(4)制得的BC/Bi4O5Br2复合光催化材料倒入盛有回灌渗滤液的烧杯中，置于暗室在磁力搅拌器上搅拌，实现吸附-解吸平衡。一段时间后开启光源，光照。光照结束后取一定量的样品，过0.45μm一次性滤膜排除催化剂的影响，对所得样品进行测试，即实现BC/Bi4O5Br2复合光催化材料光催化处理回灌垃圾渗滤液。
本发明方法的优点：
本发明利用BC/Bi4O5Br2复合光催化材料光催化处理回灌垃圾渗滤液，环保高效，操作简单，将高分子有机污染物降解为低分子有机物，处理后的渗滤液回灌后可为微生物提供碳源，将此技术应用于回灌垃圾渗滤液的处理具有很大可行性。
附图说明
图1：本发明实施例中所用装置的结构示意图；
图中标记：1-主机箱；2-氙灯电源；3-双层石英冷阱；4-氙灯；5-石英反应试管(50ml)；6-八位磁力搅拌器；7-冷却水进水口；8-冷却水出水口；9-低温恒温槽。
图2：BC/Bi4O5Br2(BC/BOB)复合光催化材料光催化处理回灌渗滤液前(a)后(b)GC-MS图；
图3：BC/Bi4O5Br2(BC/BOB)复合光催化材料光催化降解回灌渗滤液前(a)后(b)的三维荧光光谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明，所述是对本发明的解释而不是限定。
实施例：
(1)将2.425g五水合硝酸铋溶于20mL乙二醇中，并在搅拌下加入0.0364g BC，超声30min后，再磁力搅拌30min，再加入0.595g溴化钾磁力搅拌30min至其溶解；
(2)向步骤(1)所得溶液中依次缓慢加入8mL超纯水和2mL一水合氨，磁力搅拌6h；
(3)将步骤(2)得到的反应液真空抽滤收集沉淀，用超纯水和无水乙醇依次轮流清洗各3次；
(4)将步骤(3)所得沉淀物置于60℃烘箱中干燥12h，研磨后即得BC/Bi4O5Br2复合光催化材料,标记为BC/BOB。
(5)至此，完成本实施例所用光催化剂BC/Bi4O5Br2的制备。
(6)将0.4g步骤(5)制得的光催化剂BC/Bi4O5Br2倒入盛有400mL回灌渗滤液的烧杯中，置于暗室在磁力搅拌器上搅拌1h，实现吸附-解吸平衡。1h后开启光源，光照2h。光照结束后取一定量的样品，过0.45μm一次性滤膜排除催化剂的影响，对所得样品进行测试，即实现BC/Bi4O5Br2光催化处理回灌垃圾渗滤液。
本实施例中，光催化降解反应全程保持相同的磁力搅拌速度(转速～400r/min)、温度(室温25℃)。对渗滤液进行了BOD5测试，结果如表1所示，经过光催化处理后的回灌渗滤液可生化性明显提高。这进一步说明光催化氧化技术可以使难降解的大分子物质转化为小分子物质，供微生物利用，从而实现渗滤液处理及加速填埋场稳定化的目标。可见光下光催化降解回灌渗滤液在特征波长下的吸光度如表2所示，滤液液经BC/Bi4O5Br2光催化反应后，E250/365、E240/420、E300/400的比值均有所增大，说明渗滤液中有机物的分子量、腐殖质的结构化程度、有机物的分子量聚合度都有了一定的降低，而E280变小说明有机物的芳香性程度降低。特征吸光度和不同吸光度比值能够反映有机物的结构特征，可以在一定程度上估量环境水体中有机物的含量，且呈负相关性，其值升高说明光催化剂BC/Bi4O5Br2对回灌渗滤液中难降解有机物去除具有一定效果。
表1光催化剂BC/Bi4O5Br2光催化降解回灌渗滤液前后指标变化
表2光催化剂BC/Bi4O5Br光催化降解回灌渗滤液前后在特征波长下的吸光度
Claims (1)
1.一种BC/Bi4O5Br2复合光催化材料处理回灌垃圾渗滤液的方法，其特征在于具体步骤为：
(1)将五水合硝酸铋溶于乙二醇中，并在搅拌下加入BC，超声后，再磁力搅拌，再加入溴化钾磁力搅拌至其溶解；
(2)向步骤(1)所得溶液中依次缓慢加入超纯水和一水合氨，磁力搅拌；
(3)将步骤(2)得到的反应液过滤收集沉淀，洗涤沉淀物；
(4)将步骤(3)所得沉淀物干燥，研磨后即得BC/Bi4O5Br2复合光催化材料；
(5)将步骤(4)制得的光催化剂BC/Bi4O5Br倒入盛有回灌渗滤液的烧杯中，置于暗室在磁力搅拌器上搅拌，实现吸附-解吸平衡；一段时间后开启光源，光照；光照结束后取一定量的样品，过0.45μm一次性滤膜排除催化剂的影响，对所得样品进行测试，即实现BC/Bi4O5Br光催化处理回灌垃圾渗滤液。
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