CN1131090C - 过滤元件 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种过滤元件,其中,沿通流方向的过滤介质的几层(2,3,5;7,8)相互连接。入流侧至少设置一过滤介质的层(2,7),其具有高的存储能力和小的分离度,流出侧至少设置一过滤介质的层(3;8),其具有小的存储能力和高的分离度。入流侧的过滤介质最好由一含纤维素的滤纸或一熔喷纤维网制成,流出侧的过滤介质由一含纤维素的滤纸制成。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种尤其用于过滤液体的过滤元件。
背景技术
在已知的过滤元件中已知将不同的过滤材料相互组合以产生对于待滤出颗粒和流过的液体而言最佳的过滤性能。对此例如可参见DE4443158A1,其中在气流中的作为过滤介质的熔喷纤维网与最终用于稳定的支撑材料一起使用。
此外,由WO96/34673已知在一种木质圆筒形过滤元件中在一支承层上设置多个由熔喷纤维网制成的多层过滤层。然后这些层一起构成一可更换的过滤元件,该过滤元件可插入过滤装置中。
由US-PS5496627和WO95/17946公开了一种前后连接的由合成纤维制成的纤维网过滤介质和分层的过滤单元。其中,过滤层中的过滤单元沿通流方向增加。
此外,由US5427597和WO96/34673已知将多层过滤层或由按熔喷法产生的纤维网制成的一层过滤层设置在一主要用于稳定的支承层上。支承层的过滤效果相对于其它的层可以忽略。
将合成纤维网尤其是熔喷纤维网加工成过滤器要求使用支撑材料。为此,例如也使用金属丝网或以纤维素为基础的过滤纸。在使用以纤维素为基础的支撑层时迄今只使用分离系数明显要比合成的过滤层小的过滤层。支撑层对整个过滤性能没有影响,但需要很大的空间。总从,在这一已知的方案中,只有整个装置体积的一定部分(例如30%~50%)被用来过滤。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于提出一种前述类型的过滤元件,通过多层结构总体改善过滤效果并能在很长时期保持这一过滤效果。
上述任务的技术解决方案在于这种过滤元件,其中沿通流方向过滤介质的多个滤层相互连接,沿通流方向待滤出颗粒的分离度增加,在相同的通流方向上存储能力减小,其中,入流侧的滤层由合成的纤维制成,流出侧的滤层由含纤维素的滤纸组成,其特征为,入流侧的滤层由单位面积重量为15~150克/米2的熔喷纤维网组成,净化侧的滤层由单位面积重量为50~200克/米2的含纤维素的、经压延的或压实的滤纸组成。
在本发明的过滤元件中沿通流方向顺序连接几层过滤介质,其中,过滤单元沿通流方向增加,在给定的过滤单元中在各层的除污能力下降时改善总体能力或者在给定的能力下提高过滤纯度。
按有利的方式,在下游侧设置的纤维素层中的本发明过滤元件中,合成层的褶皱性能、支撑性能和过滤纯度结合成一体。与已知的装置不同,按照本发明利用了装置中的颗粒分离用的整个过滤体积,纯度沿通流方向增加,其中,以纤维素为基础的过滤层而不是合成过滤层(例如熔喷)被设计为精滤层。
此外,本发明改善了加工性能并提高了制造自支撑星形折叠的过滤元件尤其是在旋转的压花折叠机上制造时的机械稳定性。如果纤维素纤维也具有比合成纤维大的直径,则本发明装置具有过滤性能、空间利用率和可加工性方面的优点。
在本发明过滤元件的一个有利实施例中,不同层的不同分离度和存储能力的上述合成是这样实现的,即入流侧的过滤介质由含纤维素的滤纸组成,流出侧的过滤介质同样由含纤维素的滤纸组成。因此,通过在纸质过滤器中相应混合纤维素纤维可以分别获得各层的相应的过滤效果,如上所述。
含纤维素的滤纸也可以具有高至50%的异物成分,所述异物可以是玻璃纤维或聚酯纤维。
在另一种实施例中,按有利的方式入流侧的过滤介质为一种熔喷纤维网或由合成纤维组成,而流出侧的过滤介质则为可褶皱的滤纸。
本发明使用所谓的熔喷纤维网作为过滤介质的层是极其有利的,因为,这种层在待过滤的介质具有小的通流阻力时对于滤出的颗粒具有很高的存储能力。这一优点通过小的纤维直径(约<2μm)和熔喷纤维网的大的孔隙率而实现。首先,过滤效果尤其是分离度在使用期间随着容纳滤出的颗粒而提高。入流侧层的过滤纯度是这样选择的,通过这一滤层可以实现过滤元件足够长的使用寿命。
为了在过滤元件的使用起始阶段也实现整个装置的高的分离度,按有利的方式也可以在流出侧的层中使用具有含纤维素添加物的滤纸。这种材料在起始阶段也已经具有待滤出颗粒的很高的分离度,但是与熔喷纤维网相比存储能力较小。总之,用所有实施例中的至少两层就可以实现相当长的使用寿命且保持过滤元件的高的分离度。
合理的实施例分别这样构成:入流侧使用单位面积重量约为15~150克/米2的熔喷纤维网,流出侧使用单元面积重量约为50~200克/米2的含纤维素的滤纸。作为熔喷纤维网的原料尤其对于非腐蚀性的液体例如可以使用PP(聚丙烯)或PES(聚醚砜),这种材料也可用于过滤燃料或液压油和润滑油。
精滤层良好的分离度通过在其制造过程中对纤维的压实或者紧接着这一制造过程对纤维素层的机械压实(压延)实现。尤其有利的是,压实后的纤维素层在很小厚度时也具有足够的机械稳定性,因而合成过滤层具有足够的支撑作用,整个过滤装置具有足够的机械强度。
如果在入流侧的过滤介质和流出侧的过滤介质之间设置经压延的熔喷纤维网的第三层,则形成本发明过滤元件的有利的改进结构。
具有上述梯度结构的本发明过滤装置有关存储能力和分离度的有利的进一步加工是这样实现的,即形成过滤元件的过滤介质的相互连接的层是按星形折叠的。尤其是,过滤介质的层可以在折叠前或期间用超声波焊接在一起或者在折叠期间例如在压花折叠机上通过平面压力相互连接在一起。上述层也可以用粘合剂粘接,这时可以使用粉末粘合剂或热熔浸渍剂。
作为本发明过滤元件的应用领域例如可以是油过滤系统,尤其是汽车的油过滤系统。上述多层的过滤元件要比已知的单层过滤介质在通流阻力和生产能力上具有明显的优越性。过滤介质用的几种基础元件的适当的组合允许有很广泛的过滤性能,因此,在现有的结构体积中提高了寿命,提高了纯度而没有损害寿命,并用相当简单的方法实现了较小的通流阻力。主路过滤器或分路过滤器用在汽车的润滑过滤系统或燃油过滤系统中。
本发明的过滤元件可以作为主路过滤器或分路过滤器用在汽车的润滑油过滤系统或燃油过滤系统中。
下面借助附图说明本发明过滤元件的实施例。
附图说明
图1表示具有一由熔喷纤维网组成的入流侧滤层和一由含纤维素的滤纸组成的流出侧滤层的过滤元件的剖面;
图2表示具有一中间层的图1过滤元件的剖面;
图3表示具有由含纤维素的滤纸组成的入流侧滤层和流出侧滤层的过滤元件的剖面;
图4表示星形折叠的例子的原理图;
图5表示与过滤元件的颗粒负荷有关的分离度曲线表。
具体实施方式
图1表示具有一由熔喷纤维网组成的入流侧滤层2和一由含纤维素的滤纸组成的流出侧滤层3的过滤元件1的剖面。滤层2的熔喷纤维网例如可以用单位面积重量约为15~150克/米2的纤维材料制成,而流出侧的滤层3可以用单位面积重量约为50~200克/米2的含纤维素的滤纸制成。
作为熔喷纤维网的原料例如可以是PP(聚丙烯),尤其用于非腐蚀性的液体,或PES(聚醚砜)。
在图2的过滤元件4的实施例中,在入流侧的滤层2和流出侧的滤层3之间设置一压延的熔喷纤维网的第三层5。
图3表示了过滤元件6的又一优选的实施例。这里,入流侧的过滤介质由一含纤维素的滤纸的滤层7组成,流出侧的过滤介质的滤层8同样由含纤维素的滤纸组成。因此,在这一实施例中通过纸质过滤介质中纤维素纤维的相应混合而分别达到了各滤层的相应的过滤效果。
为了继续加工借助于图1~3所述的过滤元件1、4或6的滤层,将过滤介质的相互连接的层按图4的示意图星形折叠以形成过滤元件9。这里,过滤介质的滤层在折叠之前或期间用超声波焊接、通过粘接或在折叠过程中例如在压花折叠机上的面积压力相互连接。
为了表示不同的过滤效果,按照图5的曲线图表示了与过滤元件的颗粒负荷(克/米2)有关的分离度(%)的曲线。这一曲线例如表示由熔喷纤维网组成的入流侧滤层2(参见图1)的变化,曲线11表示由含纤维素的纸质材料组成的流出侧的滤层3(见图1)的变化。曲线12表示由图1中的两滤层2和3的组合效果。
可以从图5的曲线图看出,在颗粒负荷开始时,入流侧的过滤介质的滤层2具有很高的存储能力和对于待滤出的颗粒具有较小的分离度,位于流出侧的过滤介质的滤层3具有较小的存储能力和对于待流出的颗粒具有很高的分离度。
Claims (10)
1.过滤元件,其中沿通流方向过滤介质的多个滤层(2,3,5;7,8)相互连接,沿通流方向待滤出颗粒的分离度增加,在相同的通流方向上存储能力减小,其中,入流侧的滤层(2)由合成的纤维制成,流出侧的滤层(3;8)由含纤维素的滤纸组成,其特征为,入流侧的滤层(2)由单位面积重量为15~150克/米2的熔喷纤维网组成,净化侧的滤层(3)由单位面积重量为50~200克/米2的含纤维素的、经压延的或压实的滤纸组成。
2.按权利要求1的过滤元件,其特征为,流出侧的滤层(3)由一主要含纤维素的并主要用来稳定过滤元件的滤纸组成,所有其它的滤层(2,5)是由合成纤维制成的纤维网,其中,这些滤层沿通流方向具有待滤出颗粒的增加的分离度,同时存储能力减小。
3.按照权利要求2的过滤元件,其特征为,在入流侧的过滤介质和流出侧的过滤介质之间设置一经压延的单位面积重量为15~150克/米2的熔喷纤维网作为第三层(5)。
4.按照权利要求1~3中之一的过滤元件,其特征为,相互连接的过滤介质按星形折叠,以形成过滤元件(9)。
5.按照权利要求1~3中之一的过滤元件,其特征为,过滤介质的层(2,3,5;7,8)用超声波焊接。
6.按照权利要求1~3中之一的过滤元件,其特征为,过滤介质的层(2,3,5;7,8)在折叠过程中通过面积压力相互连接。
7.按照权利要求1~3中之一的过滤元件,其特征为,过滤介质的层(2,3,5;7,8)通过用粉末状粘接剂的粘接或用热熔浸渍剂或在折叠过程中通过面积压力相互连接。
8.按照权利要求1~3中之一的过滤元件,其特征为,一层或多层含纤维素的滤层具有高至50%的合成纤维。
9.按照权利要求1~3中之一的过滤元件,其特征为,该过滤元件作为主路过滤器或分路过滤器用在汽车的润滑油过滤系统或燃油过滤系统中。
10.按照权利要求8的过滤元件,其特征为,所述合成纤维是聚酯或玻璃纤维。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE19752143A DE19752143A1 (de) | 1997-11-25 | 1997-11-25 | Filterelement |
DE19752143.6 | 1997-11-25 |
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CN1284007A CN1284007A (zh) | 2001-02-14 |
CN1131090C true CN1131090C (zh) | 2003-12-17 |
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CN98813270A Expired - Lifetime CN1131090C (zh) | 1997-11-25 | 1998-11-20 | 过滤元件 |
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US (1) | US7137510B1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1035902B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2001523562A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100531673B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1131090C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE233587T1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9815019A (zh) |
DE (3) | DE19752143A1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2195430T3 (zh) |
IL (1) | IL136337A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1999026710A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA9810746B (zh) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE19752143A1 (de) | 1999-05-27 |
ES2195430T3 (es) | 2003-12-01 |
WO1999026710A1 (de) | 1999-06-03 |
US7137510B1 (en) | 2006-11-21 |
ZA9810746B (en) | 1999-05-24 |
EP1035902A1 (de) | 2000-09-20 |
IL136337A0 (en) | 2001-05-20 |
KR100531673B1 (ko) | 2005-11-28 |
DE29814830U1 (de) | 1998-11-12 |
KR20010032375A (ko) | 2001-04-16 |
JP2001523562A (ja) | 2001-11-27 |
CN1284007A (zh) | 2001-02-14 |
IL136337A (en) | 2004-08-31 |
ATE233587T1 (de) | 2003-03-15 |
EP1035902B1 (de) | 2003-03-05 |
BR9815019A (pt) | 2001-11-20 |
DE59807409D1 (de) | 2003-04-10 |
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