CN113068580A - Cultivation method for improving lodging resistance of oat through mechanical sowing - Google Patents
Cultivation method for improving lodging resistance of oat through mechanical sowing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113068580A CN113068580A CN202110298579.4A CN202110298579A CN113068580A CN 113068580 A CN113068580 A CN 113068580A CN 202110298579 A CN202110298579 A CN 202110298579A CN 113068580 A CN113068580 A CN 113068580A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- oat
- sowing
- seeds
- mechanical
- improving
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F7/00—Fertilisers from waste water, sewage sludge, sea slime, ooze or similar masses
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for improving the lodging resistance of oat by mechanical sowing, which comprises the following steps: early turning and deep ploughing: early ploughing and deep ploughing the soil before planting, and controlling the depth to be 25-30 cm; fertilizing: farmyard manure, urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate; sowing: oat seeds are sown in a mechanical hole sowing mode, the sowing quantity of the oat seeds is 6-12 seeds per hole sowing, the hole spacing is controlled to be 10-14cm, the row spacing is controlled to be 18-22cm, and a raking and pressing function is provided after mechanical hole sowing, so that the emergence rate is ensured; and culturing the oat according to conventional pest and disease control until the oat is mature. The planting method of the invention can not only improve the yield of the oat in the dry (sloping) land, but also enhance the lodging resistance, and the planting method can prevent the concentrated rainfall or strong wind resistance of the oat and ensure the yield and quality of the oat.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a cultivation method for improving the lodging resistance of oats through mechanical seeding.
Background
Oat (Avena sativa L.) is a Gramineae (Gramineae) Avena (Avena L.) grain and feed dual-purpose annual crop, has the excellent characteristics of strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, high nutritional value and the like, is planted in large areas in arid and semi-arid regions of loess plateaus in China, is one of indispensable forage crops for livestock supplementary feeding in winter and spring and development of grass husbandry in northwest farming and pasturing staggered zones in China, and has great significance for repairing degraded natural grasslands (fields), reasonably rotating crop and turning crop and protecting ecological environment. The middle part of Gansu is a typical dry farming oat planting area in China, and as the plants in the later stage of oat growth are high and large in draping, the population shade degree becomes high, the stalk support is weakened, the carbon assimilation of the canopy and the interception efficiency of the leaves to light are reduced, and lodging easily occurs in raining and windy weather during the period from the grout period to the maturity period, and the lodging becomes one of the important factors for limiting stable production, high quality and high efficiency of the oat, and is also a key problem which generally exists in the current actual production of the oat and needs to be solved urgently.
The problem of how to prevent the oats from lodging is an important content in the oat planting production field and the agricultural research and development field. In the prior art, the lodging problem of the oats in the key period of grouting is prevented by generally selecting lodging-resistant varieties, reducing cultivation density or reasonably formulating fertilization and the like, for example, Chinese patent CN111616004A discloses a method for improving the lodging resistance of the oats in a water-irrigated landA lodging sowing method widens the ditching range of oat sowing to 12-15 cm, the planting row spacing is set to 15cm, and the number of seedlings is set to 300-600 thousands of plants/hm2. But the improvement effect on the lodging resistance of the oat is not obvious.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a cultivation method for improving the lodging resistance of oats by mechanical sowing, which changes the common drill sowing (mechanical or manual ditching by a hoe) or broadcast sowing (fertilizer and seed integrated sowing of a rotary cultivator) of the oats in dry land into a mechanical hole sowing mode to sow the oats seeds, is suitable for planting in Sichuan land and terraced fields, and has the following rotation planting mode: oat-pea-potato-oat.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is as follows: a cultivation method for improving the lodging resistance of oat by mechanical seeding comprises the following steps:
step one, sunning: before sowing, selecting sunny and calm weather, spreading oat seeds with the thickness of about 2cm-4cm, and sunning for about 2 days-4 days;
step two: seed dressing: mixing oat seeds with systemic medicament before sowing, coating the seeds with 60% imidacloprid suspension seed coating agent according to 0.3% of seed amount to prevent oat red leaf disease, mixing the seeds with 50% carbendazim wettable powder according to 0.2% -0.3% of seed amount to prevent oat smut;
step three, early turning and deep ploughing: early ploughing and deep ploughing the soil before planting, and controlling the depth to be 25-30 cm;
step four, fertilizing: fertilizing according to the following fertilizing amount: 2000 kg/mu of farmyard manure, 10-15 kg/mu of urea, 30-60 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 8-12 kg/mu of potassium sulfate, wherein the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is controlled to be 1:0.5-0.9: 0.4-0.8;
step five, sowing: oat seeds are sown in a mechanical hole sowing mode, the sowing quantity of the oat seeds is 6-12 seeds per hole sowing, the hole spacing is controlled to be 10-14cm, the row spacing is controlled to be 18-22cm, and a raking and pressing function is provided after mechanical hole sowing, so that the emergence rate is ensured; wherein the mechanical seeding adopts a 2BF-10 seeder; the sowing depth is 4-6 cm;
and step six, culturing the oat according to conventional pest management until the oat is mature.
Wherein, suitably reduce the application amount of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer, can prevent that rice plant from growing excessively and causing the virtual length, suitably increase silicon fertilizer, potassium fertilizer increases the mechanical strength of oat stem, the phosphorus that contains in the farmyard manure, potassium, silicon element can make oat absorb the nutrient unbalance, be difficult for oat stem cell lignification, can cause the stem attenuation, cause the lodging, control the interpolation of nitrogen phosphorus potassium content in the self-made farmyard manure of this application, introduce more humic acid, for more organic substance of soil, with improve soil, amazing crop growth is given first place to, and adopt slow-release structure, slowly release fertilizer efficiency, reduce the too big lodging phenomenon that causes the plant to grow the too fast and lead to of fertilizer efficiency.
Further, step two, dressing seeds: before sowing, mixing oat seeds with a systemic medicament, coating the seeds with a 60% morpholine guanidine suspension seed coating agent according to 0.3% of the seed amount to prevent oat red leaf disease, and mixing the seeds with a 15% triazolone wettable powder according to 0.2% of the seed amount to prevent oat smut.
Further, in the fourth step, the farmyard manure is common commercial farmyard manure suitable for the oat field.
Further, in the fourth step, the farmyard manure is a self-made organic fertilizer; the preparation method of the self-made organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: adding a sodium hydroxide solution into the dewatered sludge, slowly stirring for 24 hours, performing centrifugal separation and ultrafiltration membrane filtration to obtain upper-layer humic acid, and concentrating by adopting an ultrafiltration membrane for 15 times to obtain sludge humic acid; uniformly mixing sludge humic acid and farmyard manure particles in a weight ratio of 10:2-8, putting the mixture into a coating machine, spraying a guanidine gum aqueous solution, uniformly mixing, heating and drying to obtain dry particles; and adding the dried particles into a cross-linking agent aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.2-1.2 wt%, soaking, filtering and drying to obtain the self-made organic fertilizer.
Further, the concentration of the guar gum aqueous solution is 0.3-0.8 wt%.
Further, the mass ratio of the sludge humic acid to the guanidine gum aqueous solution is 100: 12-25.
Further, in the fifth step, the seeding amount is specifically as follows: when harvesting seeds, 6-8 seeds are sowed in each hole, and when harvesting forage grass, 10-12 seeds are sowed in each hole.
Further, in the fifth step, the oat seeds are soaked in a conditioning solution before sowing.
Furthermore, the regulating solution contains methionine with concentration of 10-50ppm and growth regulator KIM-112 with concentration of 50-80 ppm. Wherein methionine and growth regulator KIM-112 can control overlength of internode of oat base, shorten internode, and improve lodging resistance.
Further, the soaking time is 5-9 hours, and the temperature is 20-25 ℃.
Further, in the fourth step, the specific fertilizing amount of the fertilization is as follows: 1500 kg/mu of farmyard manure, 13 kg/mu of urea, 45 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 10 kg/mu of potassium sulfate.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the method changes the common drill sowing (mechanical or manual ditching with a hoe) or broadcast sowing (fertilizer seed integrated sowing of a rotary cultivator) of the dry-land oat into mechanical hole sowing for sowing the oat seeds, and the planting method can obviously ensure that the oat roots are deep and stable in the seedling stage, tillers bunch and cluster, the stems are strong and flexible, the ventilation and light transmission effects of the group are increased, the growth and development of the plants are promoted, and the lodging resistance of the oat is further improved;
(2) the planting method not only can increase the lodging resistance of the oat population, but also can increase the oat yield, can prevent concentrated rainfall or strong wind resistance of the oat, and can ensure the oat yield and forage grass quality;
(3) more humic acid is introduced into the self-made farmyard manure, is more organic substances in soil, mainly improves the soil and stimulates the growth of crops, adopts a slow release structure to slowly release the fertilizer efficiency, and reduces the lodging phenomenon caused by too fast plant growth due to too large fertilizer efficiency;
(4) the planting method can obviously increase the field emergence rate of the oat, enables the seedlings to deeply prick roots and stably grow, enhances the tillering force, achieves the tillering and clustering effect, improves the mechanical strength of the internodes of the plant stem base and the ventilation and light transmission efficiency of oat groups, enhances the flexibility and the supporting force of the stems, and improves the lodging resistance rate by more than 20 percent compared with the common drilling and broadcasting planting field. .
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention, but the invention can be practiced in many different ways, as defined and covered by the claims.
Example 1
Cultivation method for improving lodging resistance of oat through mechanical sowing
The cultivation method for improving the lodging resistance of the oat through mechanical sowing comprises the following steps:
step one, early turning and deep ploughing: early turning and deep ploughing the soil before planting, and controlling the depth to be 28 cm;
step two, fertilizing: fertilizing according to the following fertilizing amount: 1500 kg/mu of farmyard manure, 10-15 kg/mu of urea, 45 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 10 kg/mu of potassium sulfate, wherein the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is controlled to be 1:0.7: 0.6; the farmyard manure is a farmyard manure which is sold in the common market and is suitable for being used in an oat field;
step three, sowing: oat seeds are sown in a mechanical hole sowing mode, the sowing quantity of the oat seeds is 7 seeds per hole sowing, the hole spacing is controlled to be 12cm, the row spacing is controlled to be 20cm, and a raking and pressing function is provided after mechanical hole sowing, so that the emergence rate is ensured;
and step four, cultivating the oat according to conventional pest management until the oat is mature, and harvesting oat grains.
Example 2
Cultivation method for improving lodging resistance of oat through mechanical sowing
The cultivation method for improving the lodging resistance of the oat through mechanical sowing comprises the following steps:
step one, early turning and deep ploughing: early turning and deep ploughing the soil before planting, and controlling the depth to be 25 cm;
step two, fertilizing: fertilizing according to the following fertilizing amount: 1000 kg/mu of farmyard manure, 10 kg/mu of urea, 30 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 8 kg/mu of potassium sulfate, wherein the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is controlled to be 1:0.5: 0.4; the farmyard manure is a farmyard manure which is sold in the market and is suitable for the oat field;
step three, sowing: oat seeds are sown in a mechanical hole sowing mode, the sowing quantity of the oat seeds is 12 seeds sown in each hole, the hole spacing is controlled to be 10cm, the row spacing is controlled to be 18cm, and a raking and pressing function is provided after mechanical hole sowing, so that the emergence rate is ensured;
and step four, culturing the oat according to conventional pest and disease management until the oat is mature, and harvesting the oat forage grass.
Wherein the oat seeds are soaked in a conditioning solution at 20 deg.C for 5 hr before sowing, and the conditioning solution contains 10ppm methionine and 50ppm growth regulator KIM-112.
Example 3
Cultivation method for improving lodging resistance of oat through mechanical sowing
The cultivation method for improving the lodging resistance of the oat through mechanical sowing comprises the following steps:
step one, sunning: before sowing, selecting sunny and calm weather, spreading oat seeds with the thickness of about 2cm, and sunning the oat seeds for about 3 days;
step two: seed dressing: mixing oat seeds with a systemic medicament before sowing, coating the seeds with a 60% morpholine guanidine suspension seed coating agent according to 0.3% of the seed amount to prevent oat red leaf disease, and mixing the seeds with 5% triazolone wettable powder according to 0.2% of the seed amount to prevent oat smut;
step three, early turning and deep ploughing: early turning and deep ploughing the soil before planting, and controlling the depth to be 30 cm;
step four, fertilizing: fertilizing according to the following fertilizing amount: 2000 kg/mu of farmyard manure, 15 kg/mu of urea, 60 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 12 kg/mu of potassium sulfate, wherein the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is controlled to be 1:0.9: 0.8;
step five, sowing: oat seeds are sown in a mechanical hole sowing mode, the sowing quantity of the oat seeds is 6 seeds per hole sowing, the hole spacing is controlled to be 14cm, the row spacing is controlled to be 22cm, and a raking and pressing function is provided after mechanical hole sowing, so that the emergence rate is ensured;
and step six, cultivating the oat until the oat is mature according to conventional pest management, and harvesting oat grains.
Wherein, in the fourth step, the farmyard manure is a self-made organic fertilizer, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding a sodium hydroxide solution into the dewatered sludge, slowly stirring for 24 hours, performing centrifugal separation and ultrafiltration membrane filtration to obtain upper-layer humic acid, and concentrating by adopting an ultrafiltration membrane for 15 times to obtain sludge humic acid; uniformly mixing sludge humic acid and farmyard manure particles in a weight ratio of 10:2, putting the mixture into a coating machine, spraying a 0.3 wt% guanidine gum aqueous solution, uniformly mixing the sludge humic acid and the guanidine gum aqueous solution in a mass ratio of 100:12, and heating and drying the mixture to obtain dry particles; adding the dried particles into a cross-linking agent aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.2 wt%, soaking, filtering and drying to obtain a self-made organic fertilizer;
in the fifth step, the oat seeds are soaked in a conditioning solution for 9 hours at 25 ℃ before sowing, and the conditioning solution contains methionine with the concentration of 50ppm and a growth regulator KIM-112 with the concentration of 80 ppm.
Example 4
Cultivation method for improving lodging resistance of oat through mechanical sowing
The cultivation method for improving the lodging resistance of the oat through mechanical sowing comprises the following steps:
step one, sunning: before sowing, selecting sunny and calm weather, spreading oat seeds with the thickness of about 3cm, and sunning the oat seeds for about 3 days;
step two: seed dressing: mixing oat seeds with systemic medicament before sowing, coating the seeds with 60% imidacloprid suspension seed coating agent according to 0.3% of seed amount to prevent oat red leaf disease, mixing the seeds with 50% carbendazim wettable powder according to 0.25% of seed amount to prevent oat smut;
step three, early turning and deep ploughing: carrying out early turning and deep ploughing on soil before planting, and controlling the depth to be 26 cm;
step four, fertilizing: fertilizing according to the following fertilizing amount: 1200 kg/mu of farmyard manure, 14 kg/mu of urea, 40 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 9 kg/mu of potassium sulfate, wherein the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is controlled to be 1:0.6: 0.5;
step five, sowing: oat seeds are sown in a mechanical hole sowing mode, the sowing quantity of the oat seeds is 8 seeds sown in each hole, the hole spacing is controlled to be 11cm, the row spacing is controlled to be 21cm, and a raking and pressing function is provided after mechanical hole sowing, so that the emergence rate is ensured;
and step six, cultivating the oat until the oat is mature according to conventional pest management, and harvesting oat grains.
Wherein, in the fourth step, the farmyard manure is a self-made organic fertilizer, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding a sodium hydroxide solution into the dewatered sludge, slowly stirring for 24 hours, performing centrifugal separation and ultrafiltration membrane filtration to obtain upper-layer humic acid, and concentrating by adopting an ultrafiltration membrane for 15 times to obtain sludge humic acid; uniformly mixing sludge humic acid and farmyard manure particles in a weight ratio of 10:8, putting the mixture into a coating machine, spraying a 0.8 wt% guanidine gum aqueous solution, uniformly mixing the sludge humic acid and the guanidine gum aqueous solution in a mass ratio of 100:25, and heating and drying the mixture to obtain dry particles; adding the dried particles into a cross-linking agent aqueous solution with the concentration of 1.2 wt%, soaking, filtering and drying to obtain a self-made organic fertilizer;
in the fifth step, the oat seeds are soaked in a conditioning solution for 6 hours at the temperature of 22 ℃ before sowing, and the conditioning solution contains methionine with the concentration of 30ppm and a growth regulator KIM-112 with the concentration of 65 ppm.
Example 5
Cultivation method for improving lodging resistance of oat through mechanical sowing
The cultivation method for improving the lodging resistance of the oat through mechanical sowing comprises the following steps:
step one, sunning: before sowing, selecting sunny and calm weather, spreading oat seeds with the thickness of about 2cm, and sunning the oat seeds for about 2 days;
step two: seed dressing: mixing oat seeds with systemic medicament before sowing, coating the seeds with 60% imidacloprid suspension seed coating agent according to 0.3% of seed amount to prevent oat red leaf disease, mixing the seeds with 50% carbendazim wettable powder according to 0.2% of seed amount to prevent oat smut;
step three, early turning and deep ploughing: carrying out early turning and deep ploughing on soil before planting, and controlling the depth to be 26 cm;
step four, fertilizing: fertilizing according to the following fertilizing amount: 1200 kg/mu of farmyard manure, 14 kg/mu of urea, 40 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 9 kg/mu of potassium sulfate, wherein the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is controlled to be 1:0.6: 0.5;
step five, sowing: oat seeds are sown in a mechanical hole sowing mode, the sowing quantity of the oat seeds is 8 seeds sown in each hole, the hole spacing is controlled to be 11cm, the row spacing is controlled to be 21cm, and a raking and pressing function is provided after mechanical hole sowing, so that the emergence rate is ensured;
and step six, cultivating the oat until the oat is mature according to conventional pest management, and harvesting oat grains.
Wherein, in the fourth step, the farmyard manure is a self-made organic fertilizer, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding a sodium hydroxide solution into the dewatered sludge, slowly stirring for 24 hours, performing centrifugal separation and ultrafiltration membrane filtration to obtain upper-layer humic acid, and concentrating by adopting an ultrafiltration membrane for 15 times to obtain sludge humic acid; uniformly mixing sludge humic acid and farmyard manure particles in a weight ratio of 10:5, putting the mixture into a coating machine, spraying a 0.5 wt% guanidine gum aqueous solution, uniformly mixing the sludge humic acid and the guanidine gum aqueous solution in a mass ratio of 100:18, and heating and drying the mixture to obtain dry particles; adding the dried particles into a cross-linking agent aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.7 wt%, soaking, filtering and drying to obtain a self-made organic fertilizer;
in the fifth step, the oat seeds are soaked in a conditioning solution for 8 hours at 24 ℃ before sowing, and the conditioning solution contains methionine with the concentration of 40ppm and a growth regulator KIM-112 with the concentration of 60 ppm.
Example 6
Cultivation method for improving lodging resistance of oat through mechanical sowing
The cultivation method for improving the lodging resistance of the oat through mechanical sowing comprises the following steps:
step one, sunning: before sowing, selecting sunny and calm weather, spreading oat seeds with the thickness of about 4cm, and sunning the oat seeds for about 4 days;
step two: seed dressing: mixing oat seeds with systemic medicament before sowing, coating the seeds with 60% imidacloprid suspension seed coating agent according to 0.3% of seed amount to prevent oat red leaf disease, mixing the seeds with 50% carbendazim wettable powder according to 0.3% of seed amount to prevent oat smut;
step three, early turning and deep ploughing: carrying out early turning and deep ploughing on soil before planting, and controlling the depth to be 26 cm;
step four, fertilizing: fertilizing according to the following fertilizing amount: 1200 kg/mu of farmyard manure, 14 kg/mu of urea, 40 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 9 kg/mu of potassium sulfate, wherein the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is controlled to be 1:0.6: 0.5;
step five, sowing: oat seeds are sown in a mechanical hole sowing mode, the sowing quantity of the oat seeds is 9 seeds per hole sowing, the hole spacing is controlled to be 11cm, the row spacing is controlled to be 21cm, and a raking and pressing function is provided after mechanical hole sowing, so that the emergence rate is ensured;
and step six, cultivating the oat according to conventional pest and disease management until the oat is mature, and harvesting the oat forage grass.
Wherein, in the fourth step, the farmyard manure is a self-made organic fertilizer, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding a sodium hydroxide solution into the dewatered sludge, slowly stirring for 24 hours, performing centrifugal separation and ultrafiltration membrane filtration to obtain upper-layer humic acid, and concentrating by adopting an ultrafiltration membrane for 15 times to obtain sludge humic acid; uniformly mixing sludge humic acid and farmyard manure particles in a weight ratio of 10:5, putting the mixture into a coating machine, spraying a 0.3 wt% guanidine gum aqueous solution, uniformly mixing the sludge humic acid and the guanidine gum aqueous solution in a mass ratio of 100:15, and heating and drying the mixture to obtain dry particles; adding the dried particles into a cross-linking agent aqueous solution with the concentration of 1.0 wt%, soaking, filtering and drying to obtain a self-made organic fertilizer;
in the fifth step, the oat seeds are soaked in a conditioning solution for 6 hours at 25 ℃ before sowing, and the conditioning solution contains methionine with the concentration of 40ppm and a growth regulator KIM-112 with the concentration of 60 ppm.
Comparative example 1
The common oat planting method comprises the following steps:
step three, early turning and deep ploughing: carrying out early turning and deep ploughing on soil before planting, and controlling the depth to be 26 cm;
step four, fertilizing: fertilizing according to the following fertilizing amount: 1200 kg/mu of farmyard manure, 14 kg/mu of urea, 40 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 9 kg/mu of potassium sulfate, wherein the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is controlled to be 1:0.6: 0.5;
step five, sowing: sowing is carried out in a common drilling and mechanical ditching mode, the row spacing is controlled to be 21cm, and the sowing quantity is the same as that of the embodiment 5 per mu;
and step six, cultivating the oat until the oat is mature according to conventional pest management, and harvesting oat grains.
Wherein, in the fourth step, the farmyard manure is a self-made organic fertilizer, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding a sodium hydroxide solution into the dewatered sludge, slowly stirring for 24 hours, performing centrifugal separation and ultrafiltration membrane filtration to obtain upper-layer humic acid, and concentrating by adopting an ultrafiltration membrane for 15 times to obtain sludge humic acid; uniformly mixing sludge humic acid and farmyard manure particles in a weight ratio of 10:5, putting the mixture into a coating machine, spraying a 0.5 wt% guanidine gum aqueous solution, uniformly mixing the sludge humic acid and the guanidine gum aqueous solution in a mass ratio of 100:18, and heating and drying the mixture to obtain dry particles; adding the dried particles into a cross-linking agent aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.7 wt%, soaking, filtering and drying to obtain a self-made organic fertilizer;
comparative example 2
The common oat planting method comprises the following steps:
step three, early turning and deep ploughing: carrying out early turning and deep ploughing on soil before planting, and controlling the depth to be 26 cm;
step four, fertilizing and sowing: broadcast sowing is carried out in an integrated sowing mode of fertilizer seeds of the rotary cultivator, the sowing quantity is the same as that of the rotary cultivator in the embodiment 5, and the fertilizing quantity is based on the following raw material ratio: 1200 kg/mu of farmyard manure, 14 kg/mu of urea, 40 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 9 kg/mu of potassium sulfate, wherein the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is controlled to be 1:0.6: 0.5; the farmyard manure is the farmyard manure which is sold in the common market and is suitable for the oat field;
and fifthly, culturing the oat according to conventional pest management until the oat is mature, and harvesting oat grains.
Wherein the oat seeds are soaked in a conditioning solution at 24 deg.C for 8 hr before sowing, and the conditioning solution contains methionine with concentration of 40ppm and growth regulator KIM-112 with concentration of 60 ppm.
Examples of the experiments
To further illustrate the technological advancement of the present invention, experiments are now taken to further illustrate it.
The experimental method comprises the following steps: the mechanical strength and lodging rate of the second internode of the basal part in the filling period and the mature period of the oat planted by the invention are respectively tested, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A cultivation method for improving the lodging resistance of oat by mechanical seeding is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, sunning: before sowing, selecting sunny and calm weather, spreading oat seeds with the thickness of about 2cm-4cm, and sunning for about 2 days-4 days;
step two: seed dressing: mixing oat seeds with systemic medicament before sowing, coating the seeds with 60 percent imidacloprid suspension seed coating agent according to 0.3 percent of the seed amount, and mixing the seeds with 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder according to 0.2 to 0.3 percent of the seed amount;
step three, early turning and deep ploughing: early ploughing and deep ploughing the soil before planting, and controlling the depth to be 25-30 cm;
step four, fertilizing: fertilizing according to the following fertilizing amount: 2000 kg/mu of farmyard manure, 10-15 kg/mu of urea, 30-60 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 8-12 kg/mu of potassium sulfate, wherein the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is controlled to be 1:0.5-0.9: 0.4-0.8;
step five, sowing: oat seeds are sown in a mechanical hole sowing mode, the sowing quantity of the oat seeds is 6-12 seeds per hole sowing, the hole spacing is controlled to be 10-14cm, the row spacing is controlled to be 18-22cm, and a raking and pressing function is provided after mechanical hole sowing, so that the emergence rate is ensured;
and step six, culturing the oat according to conventional pest management until the oat is mature.
2. The cultivation method for improving the lodging-resistant performance of the oats through mechanical sowing according to the claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the farmyard manure is the commercial farmyard manure.
3. The cultivation method for improving the lodging resistance of the oats through mechanical sowing according to the claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the farmyard manure is a self-made organic fertilizer; the preparation method of the self-made organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: adding a sodium hydroxide solution into the dewatered sludge, slowly stirring for 24 hours, performing centrifugal separation and ultrafiltration membrane filtration to obtain upper-layer humic acid, and concentrating by adopting an ultrafiltration membrane for 15 times to obtain sludge humic acid; uniformly mixing sludge humic acid and farmyard manure particles in a weight ratio of 10:2-8, putting the mixture into a coating machine, spraying a guanidine gum aqueous solution, uniformly mixing, heating and drying to obtain dry particles; and adding the dried particles into a cross-linking agent aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.2-1.2 wt%, soaking, filtering and drying to obtain the self-made organic fertilizer.
4. The cultivation method for improving the lodging resistance of oats through mechanical sowing according to claim 3, wherein the concentration of the guar gum aqueous solution is 0.3-0.8 wt%.
5. The cultivation method for improving the lodging resistance of oats through mechanical sowing according to claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of the sludge humic acid to the guar gum aqueous solution is 100: 12-25.
6. The cultivation method for improving the lodging resistance of oats through mechanical sowing according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the specific fertilizing amount of the fertilization is as follows: 1500 kg/mu of farmyard manure, 13 kg/mu of urea, 45 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 10 kg/mu of potassium sulfate.
7. The cultivation method for improving the lodging resistance of oats through mechanical sowing according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, the sowing amount is specifically as follows: when harvesting seeds, 6-8 seeds are sowed in each hole, and when harvesting forage grass, 10-12 seeds are sowed in each hole.
8. The cultivation method for improving the lodging resistance of the oats through mechanical sowing according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, the oat seeds are soaked in the conditioning solution before sowing.
9. The cultivation method for improving the lodging-resistant performance of oats through mechanical sowing according to claim 8, wherein the regulating solution contains methionine with the concentration of 10-50ppm and a growth regulator KIM-112 with the concentration of 50-80 ppm.
10. The cultivation method for improving the lodging resistance of oats through mechanical sowing according to claim 8, wherein the soaking time is 5-9 hours and the temperature is 20-25 ℃.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110298579.4A CN113068580A (en) | 2021-03-19 | 2021-03-19 | Cultivation method for improving lodging resistance of oat through mechanical sowing |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110298579.4A CN113068580A (en) | 2021-03-19 | 2021-03-19 | Cultivation method for improving lodging resistance of oat through mechanical sowing |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113068580A true CN113068580A (en) | 2021-07-06 |
Family
ID=76612868
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110298579.4A Pending CN113068580A (en) | 2021-03-19 | 2021-03-19 | Cultivation method for improving lodging resistance of oat through mechanical sowing |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113068580A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113875521A (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2022-01-04 | 山西农业大学高寒区作物研究所(山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所) | Cultivation method for improving lodging resistance of oat through mechanical sowing |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106717996A (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2017-05-31 | 山西省农业科学院农产品质量安全与检测研究所 | Oat is in High-cold regions drought, hillside fields high yield cultivating method |
| CN106717749A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-05-31 | 黄家七 | A kind of oat kipeming high yield implantation methods |
| CN106973674A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-07-25 | 乌兰察布市农牧业科学研究院 | High yield naked oats cultural method |
| CN107593332A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2018-01-19 | 山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所 | A kind of type of seeding of naked oats |
| CN108094066A (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-06-01 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of method using drought-hit area pointer-type irrigated area drought angle plantation tall oat grass |
| CN108337954A (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-07-31 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of implantation methods of the cold area tall oat grass of high latitude |
| CN108440099A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-08-24 | 曾治中 | A kind of multifunctional bio pharmacological property trace-element fertilizer |
| CN108675867A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2018-10-19 | 来安县出尘茶业有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of long-acting slow-release organic fertilizer |
-
2021
- 2021-03-19 CN CN202110298579.4A patent/CN113068580A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106717749A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-05-31 | 黄家七 | A kind of oat kipeming high yield implantation methods |
| CN106717996A (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2017-05-31 | 山西省农业科学院农产品质量安全与检测研究所 | Oat is in High-cold regions drought, hillside fields high yield cultivating method |
| CN106973674A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-07-25 | 乌兰察布市农牧业科学研究院 | High yield naked oats cultural method |
| CN107593332A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2018-01-19 | 山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所 | A kind of type of seeding of naked oats |
| CN108094066A (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-06-01 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of method using drought-hit area pointer-type irrigated area drought angle plantation tall oat grass |
| CN108337954A (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-07-31 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of implantation methods of the cold area tall oat grass of high latitude |
| CN108440099A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-08-24 | 曾治中 | A kind of multifunctional bio pharmacological property trace-element fertilizer |
| CN108675867A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2018-10-19 | 来安县出尘茶业有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of long-acting slow-release organic fertilizer |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 张丰转;金正勋;马国辉;: "立丰灵增强粳稻抗倒性的机理", 中国稻米, no. 02, pages 32 - 35 * |
| 王中华: "《油田化学品使用手册》", 中国石化出版社, pages: 203 - 204 * |
| 韩加洪;王希武;关勇;孔宇;席振海;: "黑龙江省北部高寒地区燕麦栽培技术", 现代化农业, no. 03, pages 29 - 30 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113875521A (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2022-01-04 | 山西农业大学高寒区作物研究所(山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所) | Cultivation method for improving lodging resistance of oat through mechanical sowing |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| AU2020101556A4 (en) | A Mixed Sowing Method for Grass and Alfalfa | |
| CN104472058A (en) | Method for increasing alfalfa seed yield | |
| CN108112430B (en) | Planting method of oat grass in high-latitude cold region | |
| CN113906966B (en) | Light-simplified water-saving cultivation method based on North China winter wheat-summer corn rotation system | |
| CN113728888A (en) | Grain and grass composite planting method for alfalfa intercropping wheat and corn | |
| CN106069174A (en) | A kind of Herba Alii fistulosi method for culturing seedlings using seed belt | |
| CN109349029A (en) | A kind of implantation methods of high latitude cold area oat and the double receipts of the double grass of grazing Brassica napus | |
| CN113068580A (en) | Cultivation method for improving lodging resistance of oat through mechanical sowing | |
| CN109197552B (en) | Method for soilless culture of single-clove garlic in northern area | |
| CN108770865B (en) | Alba elymus nutans seed coating agent | |
| CN110713419A (en) | Special controlled-release blended fertilizer containing bacteria and resisting continuous cropping garlic and preparation method thereof | |
| AU2020104407A4 (en) | A method of cultivating rapeseed for feed in saline-alkali land | |
| CN113748943A (en) | Planting method of disease-preventing lodging-resistant rice | |
| CN114145199A (en) | Efficient sesbania-wheat crop rotation method for coastal saline-alkali soil | |
| CN113179886A (en) | Selenium-rich quality-improving cultivation method for sweet waxy corn | |
| CN111837841A (en) | Cultivation method suitable for hot-zone hybrid rice | |
| CN112335492A (en) | Hybrid sowing method for oat, rape, smooth leaf and sweet potato in winter fallow field | |
| CN111616005A (en) | High-yield and high-efficiency planting method for double-cropping silage corn-winter wheat | |
| CN111248046A (en) | Water-saving high-income crop rotation method for spring mung beans and summer corns in North China | |
| CN110881373A (en) | Two-season dry farming cultivation technical method for ratoon rice system | |
| CN109169067A (en) | A kind of implantation methods made between corn and sesbania for salt-soda soil | |
| CN114431084B (en) | Method for producing silage raw materials by intercropping sweet sorghum and feeding peas | |
| CN112400634B (en) | Single-season hybrid late rice cultivation method | |
| CN115005032B (en) | Planting method for interplanting common turnip with winter wheat | |
| CN118235662A (en) | Planting method for mixed sowing of flax and Mao She seeds |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |