CN115005032B - Planting method for interplanting common turnip with winter wheat - Google Patents
Planting method for interplanting common turnip with winter wheat Download PDFInfo
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- CN115005032B CN115005032B CN202210670729.4A CN202210670729A CN115005032B CN 115005032 B CN115005032 B CN 115005032B CN 202210670729 A CN202210670729 A CN 202210670729A CN 115005032 B CN115005032 B CN 115005032B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly discloses a planting method for multiple cropping of common lilac daphne root of winter wheat. The method specifically comprises the following steps: planting winter wheat; after harvesting winter wheat, reseeding the root of genkwa; wherein, the planting time of winter wheat is 9 late to 10 late. By utilizing the planting method for multi-cropping the common turnip of winter wheat, which is provided by the application, the land utilization rate can be effectively improved, the ecological environment of farmlands can be improved, and the problem of shortage of feed requirements of grains can be relieved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a planting method for multi-cropping of common lilac daphne root of winter wheat.
Background
The vast agricultural areas of the Tibetan are generally divided into valley agricultural areas and alpine agricultural areas. The river valley agricultural region is located in the coastal zone of two rivers in the Tibet river, the elevation is 2800-4200m, and the region has the advantages of no summer heat, no winter severe cold, large day-night temperature difference, more sunshine hours, strong solar effective radiation, abundant light energy and water resources, same weather and heat and the like. Therefore, the crops are planted in the agricultural areas of the Tibetan river valleys and have better level and capability, and are the abdominal region of the Tibetan and the important grain producing area.
As one of the main grain crops in the Tibetan valley agricultural region, the winter wheat variety has the characteristics of strong overwintering property, strong tillering power and better mature yellowing, and the growth period is generally 9 months. However, after winter wheat is harvested, the land has an idle period, so that the land utilization rate is reduced, and the construction and protection of the ecological environment of farmlands are not facilitated.
In addition, the traditional livestock raising relying on natural grasslands and on daily livestock is changed to the intensive direction of barn feeding and semi-barn feeding, and the requirements of forage grass planting are also improved year by year, so that the willingness of farmers to plant forage grass is obviously improved, and the problem of shortage of the grain feeding land and the grain feeding requirements is gradually serious.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the utilization rate of land, improve the ecological environment of farmland and alleviate the problem of shortage of feed demand, the application provides a planting method for multi-cropping of the common lilac daphne root of winter wheat.
The application provides a planting method for multiple cropping of common turnip of winter wheat, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a planting method for interplanting common turnip with winter wheat specifically comprises the following steps: planting winter wheat; after harvesting winter wheat, reseeding the root of genkwa; the planting time of the winter wheat is 9 months from the last ten days to 10 months from the middle ten days.
In the technical scheme provided by the application, winter wheat is planted in the period from the late 9 months to the middle 10 months; after winter wheat is harvested, the common turnip is planted again, and the planting method of the winter wheat for planting the common turnip again can effectively improve the utilization rate of land and improve the ecological environment of farmlands. Meanwhile, the planting method provided by the application can effectively improve the yield of winter wheat, the quality of winter wheat and the yield of yuankanin, and the planting method provided by the application can effectively improve the yield and quality of crops, so that the problem of shortage of feed requirements of grains is effectively relieved.
According to experimental analysis, in the planting method of the winter wheat multi-cropping yuankanin, when the planting time of the winter wheat is controlled within the range, the yield and the quality of crops can be further improved. Therefore, the winter wheat planting time is controlled within the range, and the problem of shortage of the feed and the feed requirements can be effectively relieved.
Preferably, the specific steps of planting winter wheat include: fine variety screening and treatment, soil preparation and slow release fertilizer application, soil treatment, sowing and field management.
Further, the improved variety screening winter wheat variety is selected from winter wheat 26 in winter or winter wheat 7 in winter.
Further, in the fine variety screening and treatment, winter wheat seeds are treated by solarization for 2-3d.
In the process of storing winter wheat seeds, germs are easy to be generated on the surfaces of the seeds, which is not beneficial to the growth of winter wheat. In addition, the seeds are easy to wet, so that air holes on the seed coats are blocked, the air suction and water absorption performances of the seeds are blocked, the germination of the seeds is affected, and the yield of winter wheat is reduced. The winter wheat seeds are subjected to solarization, and bacteria attached to the surfaces of the seeds can be killed by utilizing ultraviolet rays in sunlight, so that wheat diseases are reduced; meanwhile, after the seeds are insolated, the seeds lose water and shrink, the permeability of the seed coats is enhanced, and the germination vigor and the germination rate of the seeds are improved. The winter wheat seeds are selectively solarized for 2-3d, so that the yield and quality of winter wheat can be effectively improved.
Preferably, the fertilizer is applied only once during the planting of winter wheat.
Preferably, the slow release fertilizer comprises a base fertilizer and a synergist; the base fertilizer comprises a decomposed organic fertilizer, a nitrogenous fertilizer and a phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer; the synergistic agent comprises sucrose monostearate, amino-terminal polydimethylsiloxane and polyaspartic acid.
In the application, the decomposed organic fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer and the phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer are adopted as base fertilizers, sucrose monostearate, ammonia-end polydimethylsiloxane and polyaspartic acid are adopted as synergists, and then the base fertilizers and the synergists are fully and uniformly mixed to prepare the slow-release fertilizer, so that nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements in the fertilizer can be enriched to supply to plants, and volatilization and invalidation of the fertilizer are reduced. The slow release fertilizer provided by the application is used in a planting method for multi-cropping the common turnip of winter wheat, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer can be effectively improved, the using amount of the fertilizer is reduced, and the topdressing procedure is reduced; meanwhile, the yield and quality of crops can be effectively improved, so that the problem of shortage of feed requirements of grains is effectively relieved.
Test analysis shows that compared with a planting method for applying a common base fertilizer to winter wheat multi-cropping yuankanin, the slow-release fertilizer prepared by mixing a synergistic agent and the base fertilizer is applied to the planting method for winter wheat multi-cropping yuankanin, so that the yield and quality of crops can be effectively improved, and the problem of shortage of grain and feeding requirements can be effectively relieved by the slow-release fertilizer. Therefore, the slow release fertilizer prepared by mixing the synergist and the base fertilizer is used in the planting method of the winter wheat multi-cropping yuankanin.
In addition, experimental analysis shows that compared with the conventional base fertilizer used during winter wheat planting, the method has the advantages that the application selects the one-time slow release fertilizer used during winter wheat planting, and the yield and quality of crops can be effectively improved. In addition, compared with the use of the slow release fertilizer during winter wheat planting, the application of the slow release fertilizer only uses one time during winter wheat planting, and the yield and quality of crops are similar in harvest result. Therefore, the application selects to use the slow release fertilizer only once when winter wheat is planted, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer can be effectively improved, the using amount of the fertilizer can be reduced, and the topdressing process can be reduced.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the base fertilizer to the synergist is 1000: (0.3-0.7).
Further, the weight ratio of the base fertilizer to the synergist is 1000: (0.4-0.6).
In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of the base fertilizer to the synergist may be: 1000:0.3, 1000:0.4, 1000:0.5, 1000:0.6, 1000:0.7.
in some specific embodiments, the weight ratio of the base fertilizer to the synergist may also be: 1000: (0.3-0.4), 1000: (0.3-0.5), 1000: (0.3-0.6), 1000: (0.4-0.5), 1000: (0.4-0.7), 1000: (0.5-0.6), 1000: (0.5-0.7), 1000: (0.6-0.7).
According to experimental analysis, in the planting method of the winter wheat multi-cropping yuankanin, when the weight ratio of the base fertilizer to the synergist in the slow-release fertilizer is controlled within the range, the yield and the quality of crops can be further improved, so that the problem of shortage of feed requirements of grains is further relieved. Therefore, the weight ratio of the base fertilizer to the synergist in the slow-release fertilizer is controlled within the range.
Preferably, the synergistic agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: sucrose monostearate 0.2-1.0 part; 2.5-7.5 parts of ammonia-end polydimethylsiloxane; 15-25 parts of polyaspartic acid.
Further, the synergistic agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: sucrose monostearate 0.4-0.8 part; 4-6.5 parts of ammonia-end polydimethylsiloxane; 18-23 parts of polyaspartic acid.
In a specific embodiment, the sucrose monostearate may be added in the following components in parts by weight: 0.2 part, 0.4 part, 0.6 part, 0.8 part, 1.0 part.
In some specific embodiments, the sucrose monostearate may also be added in the following components in parts by weight: 0.2-0.4 part, 0.2-0.6 part, 0.2-0.8 part, 0.4-0.6 part, 0.4-1.0 part, 0.6-0.8 part, 0.6-1.0 part and 0.8-1.0 part.
In a specific embodiment, the ammonia-terminal polydimethylsiloxane may be added in an amount of the following components in parts by weight: 2.5 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts, 6.5 parts, 7.5 parts.
In some specific embodiments, the amino-terminal polydimethylsiloxane may also be added in an amount of the following components in parts by weight: 2.5-4 parts, 2.5-5 parts, 2.5-6.5 parts, 4-5 parts, 4-7.5 parts, 5-6.5 parts, 5-7.5 parts, 6.5-7.5 parts.
In a specific embodiment, the polyaspartic acid may be added in the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts, 18 parts, 20 parts, 23 parts, 25 parts.
In some specific embodiments, the polyaspartic acid may be added in the following components in parts by weight: 15-18 parts, 15-20 parts, 15-23 parts, 18-20 parts, 18-25 parts, 20-23 parts, 20-25 parts, and 23-25 parts.
According to experimental analysis, in the planting method of the winter wheat multi-cropping yuankanin, when the addition amount of each component in the synergistic agent is controlled within the range, the yield and the quality of crops can be further improved, so that the problem of shortage of feed requirements of crops can be further relieved. Therefore, the present application controls the addition amount of each component in the synergist within the above-mentioned range.
Preferably, the time for reseeding the yuankr is 1-3 weeks after the winter wheat is harvested.
According to experimental analysis, in the planting method for the winter wheat to seed the common turnip, when the time of the common turnip seed is 1-3 weeks after the winter wheat is harvested, the yield of the common turnip can be further improved. Therefore, the time of the re-planting of the yuankanin is controlled within the range, and the yield of forage grass can be effectively improved, so that the problem of shortage of the feed demand is further relieved.
Preferably, the specific steps of the re-planting of the yuankanin comprise: fine variety screening and treatment, soil preparation and base fertilizer application, sowing and field management.
Further, the Genkwa variety screened by the improved variety is the root of Qu Shui Yan.
Further, the sowing quantity of the yuankanin is 1.0-2.0 Kg/mu.
In the agricultural region of Tibetan river valley, the root of common lilac daphne has the advantages of fast growth, short growth period, high yield, wide application range to climate and soil, and the like. The method selects Shui Yan starter with shorter growth period in time in the summer idle period after winter wheat is harvested, and can meet the requirements of planting methods of 'two harvest in one year' of the Tibetan valley agricultural region and multiple cropping of forage grass after winter wheat, thereby effectively improving the land utilization rate and improving the ecological environment of farmlands. Meanwhile, the starter Shui Yan provided by the application has very important enhancement effect on promoting the nutrition balance of livestock feed, the growth and development of livestock and the yield of female animal milk, so that the problem of shortage of feed requirements is further relieved.
In summary, the technical scheme of the application has the following specific effects:
winter wheat is planted in the period from the last 9 months to the middle 10 months; after the winter wheat is harvested, the common turnip is planted again, and the planting method of the winter wheat for planting the common turnip again can effectively improve the utilization rate of the land and improve the ecological environment of farmlands.
The planting method for the winter wheat multi-cropping yuankanin can effectively improve the yield and quality of crops, so that the problem of shortage of feed requirements is effectively relieved.
In the application, the rotten organic fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer and the phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer are adopted as base fertilizers, sucrose monostearate, ammonia-terminal polydimethylsiloxane and polyaspartic acid are adopted as synergists, and then the base fertilizers and the synergists are fully and uniformly mixed to prepare the slow-release fertilizer. The slow release fertilizer is used in the planting method of the winter wheat multi-cropping yuankanin, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer can be effectively improved, the using amount of the fertilizer can be reduced, and the fertilization procedure can be saved; meanwhile, the yield and quality of crops can be improved, and the problem of shortage of feed and feed requirements is further relieved.
The method can further improve the yield of the common turnip by controlling the time of the multiple cropping of the common turnip within the range of 1-3 weeks after the winter wheat is harvested, so that the problem of shortage of the feed demand is further relieved.
Detailed Description
The application provides a planting method for multi-cropping of common turnip of winter wheat.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: planting winter wheat in the period from the last 9 months to the middle 10 months; the common turnip is planted again 1-3 weeks after the winter wheat is harvested.
The winter wheat planting method comprises the following specific steps of:
(1) Fine variety screening and treatment: selecting a winter wheat variety which is relatively early maturing and high in yield, and insolating for 2-3d; selecting, and selecting crushed grains, small grains, disease grains, grass seeds, silt or other impurities. Wherein the winter wheat variety is selected from winter wheat No. 26 of winter or winter wheat No. 7 of winter.
(2) Soil preparation and slow release fertilizer application: after the previous crop is harvested, deep ploughing is carried out on the land, the land is prepared and raked, and 800-1200Kg of slow release fertilizer is applied to each mu;
wherein, the slow release fertilizer comprises a base fertilizer and a synergistic agent; the base fertilizer comprises decomposed organic fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer; the synergistic agent comprises sucrose monostearate, amino-terminal polydimethylsiloxane and polyaspartic acid;
specifically, the weight ratio of the base fertilizer to the synergist is 1000: (0.3-0.7);
further, the synergistic agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: sucrose monostearate 0.2-1.0 part; 2.5-7.5 parts of ammonia-end polydimethylsiloxane; 15-25 parts of polyaspartic acid.
(3) Soil treatment:
1) Treating soil insects with a chemical agent: 1.0-2.5Kg of ground worm for killing star per mu, 20-30Kg of fine sand soil and 2-4Kg of water are mixed, uniformly mixed, and spread on the ground surface for ploughing;
2) Wild oat herbal agent treatment: the wild oat herbal medicine is used for 0.25-0.3Kg per mu, 2.5-4Kg of water is mixed, 20-30Kg of fine sand is mixed, and the mixture is uniformly scattered on the ground surface or sprayed by a sprayer and then is uniformly raked by a rake.
(4) Sowing: the sowing amount per mu is 13-15Kg, the sowing mode is mechanical drill sowing, the row spacing is about 15cm, the sowing depth is about 4-5cm, the soil is covered by 2-3cm, and the sowing is carried out for 1 time.
(5) And (3) field management:
1) Irrigation in the overwintering period: cultivating strong seedlings in winter, and filling enough overwintering water; the irrigation date is preferably that the small water is slowly irrigated when the soil is frozen at night or the soil is thawed at noon, and the irrigation is fully irrigated; the cracked land is milled or filled with soil in time to kill cracks, and the channel of water loss in the soil is cut off;
2) Irrigation in the turning green period: when a leaf of spring is exposed, the green water is poured in time; the green water irrigation and returning sequence is that strong seedling plots are firstly followed by weak seedling plots, and finally vigorous Miao Dekuai is carried out, sunny slopes are firstly followed by cloudy slopes, and sandy soil is firstly followed by cohesive soil; during turning green, the damage of wheat aphids and wheat red spiders is prevented and treated by adding 50Kg of water into 150-250mL of bromothalonil polyester per mu, or 1.5-2.5Kg of 3% of ground beetles and killing stars are sprayed per mu in combination with turning green water;
3) Irrigation in the jointing period: in the stage from the node pulling to the heading stage of winter wheat, irrigation is carried out when the first internode of the stem extends, water control measures are adopted in the later stage of node pulling, the long internode is controlled to be low in plant height, and ineffective tillering is controlled by water;
4) Irrigation in a grouting period: irrigating aligned spikes and grouting water after the winter wheat is aligned to spike, and draining accumulated water in the field in time;
5) Wheat Huang Qi irrigation: timely filling wheat yellow water after the grains are well-waxed.
(6) Harvesting and storing: the harvest period is properly advanced, the wax ripening later period is singly threshing, and the harvesting, threshing and airing are carried out in time; and (3) independently storing after sun drying, keeping the warehouse dry, and paying attention to pest control of the warehouse.
The method comprises the following specific steps of planting the yuankanin:
(1) Fine variety screening and treatment: and Shui Yan yeast with high yield and good properties are selected.
(2) Preparing land and applying base fertilizer: after winter wheat is harvested, deep ploughing is carried out on the land, the land is raked and leveled, base fertilizer is applied to each mu, the base fertilizer is required to be 1800-2200Kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 8-12Kg of urea and 13-17Kg of phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, and excessive nitrogen fertilizer is not required to be applied during the growth period, otherwise, root cracking is easy to occur.
(3) Sowing: the seed amount of the field is 1.0-2.0 Kg/mu, and the soil is covered by 1-2cm after sowing, so that the soil moisture is preserved and the temperature is kept.
(4) And (3) field management:
1) Pouring enough bottom water before sowing, and thinning 1-2 times after emergence of seedlings;
2) The pyrethrin and the enemy are used for killing and quickly killing the pesticide to prevent and control pests.
(5) Harvesting: and harvesting the common turnip 50-70 days after sowing.
The present application is described in further detail below in connection with preparations 1-32, examples 1-40, comparative examples 1-2, and performance test runs, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the claimed application.
Preparation example
Preparation examples 1 to 7
Preparation examples 1-7 respectively provide a slow release fertilizer.
The preparation examples are different in that: the weight ratio of the base fertilizer to the synergist in the slow-release fertilizer is different. Specifically, the results are shown in Table 1.
The preparation method of the slow release fertilizer in each preparation example comprises the following steps:
(1) 980Kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 14Kg of urea and 6Kg of phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer are weighed and fully and uniformly mixed to obtain 1000Kg of base fertilizer;
(2) Weighing 0.6Kg of sucrose monostearate, 5Kg of ammonia-end polydimethylsiloxane and 20Kg of polyaspartic acid, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a synergist;
(3) The corresponding additive amounts of the synergists were thoroughly mixed with 1000Kg of base fertilizer to prepare a slow release fertilizer according to the table 1.
TABLE 1 weight ratio of base fertilizer to synergist in preparation examples 1-7
Preparation examples 8 to 13
Preparation examples 8-13 respectively provide a slow release fertilizer.
Each of the above preparation examples is different from preparation example 4 in that: the adding amount of sucrose monostearate in the synergist. As shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 addition amount of sucrose monostearate in preparation examples 4, 8-13
Preparation examples 14 to 19
Preparation examples 14-19 respectively provide a slow release fertilizer.
Each of the above preparation examples is different from preparation example 4 in that: the addition amount of the ammonia-end polydimethylsiloxane in the synergistic agent. Specifically, the results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 addition amount of Ammonia-terminated polydimethylsiloxane in PREPARATIVE EXAMPLES 4, 14-19
Preparation examples 20 to 25
Preparation examples 20-25 respectively provide a slow release fertilizer.
Each of the above preparation examples is different from preparation example 4 in that: the addition amount of polyaspartic acid in the synergistic agent. Specifically, the results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 addition amount of polyaspartic acid in preparation examples 4, 20-25
PREPARATION EXAMPLES 26 to 31
Preparation examples 26-31 each provided a fertilizer.
Each of the above preparation examples is different from preparation example 4 in that: the components in the synergist are different. Specifically, the results are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 kinds of the respective components in the synergists in PREPARATIVE EXAMPLES 4, 26-31
PREPARATION EXAMPLE 32
Preparation 32 provides a base fertilizer.
The preparation method of the base fertilizer provided by the preparation example comprises the following steps: 980Kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 14Kg of urea and 6Kg of phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer are weighed and fully and uniformly mixed to obtain the base fertilizer.
Examples
Examples 1 to 31
Examples 1-31 provide a method for planting winter wheat multi-cropping yuankanin respectively.
The above embodiments differ in that: the types of slow release fertilizers used in winter wheat sowing are different. Specifically, the results are shown in Table 6.
The implementation method of each embodiment specifically comprises the following steps: winter wheat is planted in the period of 5 days of 10 months in 2020; winter wheat was harvested at 2021, 7, 5; root of genkwa is planted in 2021, 7 and 19 days; the yuankanin was harvested at 2021, 9 and 19 days.
The winter wheat planting method comprises the following specific steps of:
(1) Fine variety screening and treatment: selecting relatively early-maturing and high-yield winter wheat 26, and insolating for 2d before sowing; selecting, and selecting crushed grains, small grains, disease grains, grass seeds, silt or other impurities.
(2) Preparing soil and applying slow release fertilizer: after the previous crop is harvested, deep ploughing is carried out on the land, the land is prepared and raked, and 1000Kg of slow release fertilizer is applied to each mu.
(3) Soil treatment:
1) Treating soil insects with a chemical agent: 1.5Kg of ground worm for killing star is used for each mu, 25Kg of fine sand soil is mixed, 3Kg of water is mixed, and the mixture is scattered on the ground surface and ploughed;
2) Wild oat herbal agent treatment: 0.25Kg of wild oat herbal medicine is used for each mu, 3Kg of water is added, 25Kg of fine sand is mixed, and the mixture is sprayed by a sprayer and is uniformly raked by a rake;
(4) Sowing: the mu sowing amount is 14Kg; the sowing mode is mechanical drill sowing, the row spacing is 15cm, the sowing depth is 4cm, the soil is covered by 2cm, and the sowing is performed for 1 time.
(5) And (3) field management:
1) Irrigation in the overwintering period: cultivating strong seedlings in winter, and filling enough overwintering water; when the irrigation date is at noon when the soil is thawed, small water is slowly irrigated, and the irrigation is fully irrigated; the cracked land is milled or filled with soil in time to kill cracks, and the channel of water loss in the soil is cut off;
2) Irrigation in the turning green period: when a leaf of spring is exposed, the green water is poured in time; the green water irrigation and returning sequence is that strong seedling plots are firstly followed by weak seedling plots, and finally vigorous Miao Dekuai is carried out, sunny slopes are firstly followed by cloudy slopes, and sandy soil is firstly followed by cohesive soil; during turning green, the harm of wheat aphids and wheat red spiders is prevented and treated by adding 50Kg of water into 200mL of bromothalonil per mu;
3) Irrigation in the jointing period: in the stage from the node pulling to the heading stage of winter wheat, irrigation is carried out when the first internode of the stem extends, water control measures are adopted in the later stage of node pulling, the long internode is controlled to be low in plant height, and ineffective tillering is controlled by water;
4) Irrigation in a grouting period: irrigating aligned spikes and grouting water after the winter wheat is aligned to spike, and draining accumulated water in the field in time;
5) Wheat Huang Qi irrigation: timely filling wheat yellow water after the grains are well-waxed.
(6) Harvesting and storing: the harvest period is properly advanced, the wax ripening later period is singly threshing, and the harvesting, threshing and airing are carried out in time; and (3) independently storing after sun drying, keeping the warehouse dry, and paying attention to pest control of the warehouse.
The method comprises the following specific steps of planting the yuankanin:
(1) Fine variety screening and treatment: and Shui Yan yeast with high yield and good properties are selected.
(2) Preparing soil and fertilizing: after winter wheat is harvested, deep ploughing is carried out on the land, the land is raked and leveled, base fertilizer is applied to acres, the base fertilizer is required to be 2000Kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 10Kg of urea and 15Kg of phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer are applied to acres, excessive nitrogen fertilizer is not required to be applied during the growth period, and otherwise, root cracking is easy to cause.
(3) Sowing: the sowing amount per mu is 1.5 Kg/mu, and the soil is covered by 2cm after sowing, so that the soil moisture is preserved and the temperature is kept.
(4) And (3) field management:
1) And (4) fully watering before sowing, and thinning 2 times after emergence of seedlings.
2) 2Kg and 5% pyrethrin are spread per mu to prevent and treat pests.
(5) Harvesting: the Shui Yan roots of the yeast are harvested 60 days after sowing.
TABLE 6 types of slow release fertilizers in examples 1-31
Example 32
Example 32 provides a method for planting winter wheat multi-cropping yuankanin.
This embodiment differs from embodiment 4 in that: the type of fertilizer used in winter wheat planting was the base fertilizer provided in preparation example 32. The rest of the procedure was the same as in example 4.
Example 33
Example 33 provides a method for planting winter wheat multi-cropping yuankanin.
The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 32 is that: adding an additional fertilizer procedure, namely, 8 Kg/mu of urea is added by combining with loosening soil and additional fertilizer during the green-turning period irrigation in the step (5) of winter wheat planting.
Example 34
Example 34 provides a method for planting winter wheat multi-cropping yuankanin.
This embodiment differs from embodiment 4 in that: adding an additional fertilizer procedure, namely, 8 Kg/mu of urea is added by combining with loosening soil and additional fertilizer during the green-turning period irrigation in the step (5) of winter wheat planting.
Example 35
Example 35 provides a method for planting winter wheat multi-cropping yuankanin.
This embodiment differs from embodiment 4 in that: winter wheat is planted in the year 2020, 9 and 21; harvesting at 2021, 6 and 21; root of genkwa is planted in 2021, 7 and 5 days; harvest at 2021, 9, 5. The rest of the procedure was the same as in example 4.
Example 36
Example 36 provides a method for planting winter wheat multi-cropping yuankanin.
This embodiment differs from embodiment 4 in that: winter wheat is planted in the period of 10 months and 19 days in 2020; winter wheat was harvested at 2021, 7, 19; planting the common turnip at the 8 th month 3 of 2021; the yuankanin was harvested at 2021, 10 and 3. The rest of the procedure was the same as in example 4.
Examples 37 to 40
Examples 37-40 provide a method for planting winter wheat multi-cropping yuankanin respectively.
The above embodiments differ from embodiment 4 in that: the time for the re-planting of the common turnip is different. Specifically, the results are shown in Table 7. The rest of the procedure was the same as in example 4.
Table 7 timing of the re-seed of Genkwa in examples 4, 37-40
| Examples | Time of the re-seed of Genkwa | Timing of re-planting of yuankanin |
| 4 | 2021, 7, 15 | Winter wheat was harvested 2 weeks later |
| 37 | 2021, 7 and 2 days | Winter wheat 1 day after harvesting |
| 38 | 2021, 7 and 8 days | Winter wheat 1 week after harvest |
| 39 | 2021, 7 and 22 days | Winter wheat 3 weeks after harvest |
| 40 | 2021, 7, 29 | 4 weeks after harvesting winter wheat |
Comparative example
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a planting method for multi-cropping of the common turnip of winter wheat.
This comparative example differs from example 4 in that: winter wheat is planted in 9 months and 5 days of 2020. The rest of the procedure was the same as in example 4.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example provides a planting method for multi-cropping of the common turnip of winter wheat.
This comparative example differs from example 4 in that: winter wheat is planted in the year 2020, 11 and 5. The rest of the procedure was the same as in example 4.
Performance test
Winter wheat and yuankanin harvested in the winter wheat multi-cropping cultivation method provided in examples 1-40 and comparative examples 1-2 were used as detection subjects, and the yield of winter wheat, the quality of winter wheat, and the yield of yuankanin were detected.
The test results are shown in Table 8.
TABLE 8 yield of winter wheat, quality of winter wheat, yield of Genkwa
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As can be seen from the test results of comparative examples 1 to 40 and comparative examples 1 to 2 in combination with Table 8, winter wheat was planted in the period from 9 late to 10 late; and then, after the winter wheat is harvested, the common turnip is re-planted, and the planting method of the winter wheat with the common turnip can effectively improve the utilization rate of the land and improve the ecological environment of farmlands. Meanwhile, the winter wheat multi-cropping yuankanin planting method can effectively improve the yield of winter wheat, the quality of winter wheat and the yield of yuankanin, and shows that the winter wheat multi-cropping yuankanin planting method can improve the yield and quality of crops, so that the problem of shortage of feed requirements is effectively relieved.
As can be seen from the test results of comparative examples 4, 35-36 and comparative examples 1-2, in the method for planting winter wheat with multiple seeds of common lilac daphne, the yield and quality of crops can be effectively improved when the planting time of winter wheat is 9 late to 10 late. Therefore, the winter wheat planting time is controlled within the range, and the problem of shortage of the feed and the feed requirements can be effectively relieved.
With reference to table 8, as can be seen from the detection results of comparative examples 1-34, the application adopts the decomposed organic fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer and the phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer as the base fertilizer, adopts sucrose monostearate, ammonia-end polydimethylsiloxane and polyaspartic acid as the synergistic agent, then fully and uniformly mixes the base fertilizer and the synergistic agent to prepare the slow-release fertilizer, and the prepared slow-release fertilizer is used in the planting method of winter wheat multi-cropping yuankanin, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer can be improved, the using amount of the fertilizer can be reduced, the topdressing procedure can be reduced, and the yield and quality of crops can be effectively improved.
As can be seen from the detection results of the comparison of the embodiment 4 and the embodiment 32, compared with the conventional method for planting the winter wheat multi-cropping yuankanin by using the base fertilizer, the slow-release fertilizer prepared by mixing the synergist and the base fertilizer is selected to be used in the method for planting the winter wheat multi-cropping yuankanin, so that the yield and quality of crops can be effectively improved, and the problem of shortage of the grain feeding requirement can be effectively relieved by the slow-release fertilizer. Therefore, the slow release fertilizer prepared by mixing the synergist and the base fertilizer is used in the planting method of the winter wheat multi-cropping yuankanin.
As can be seen from the detection results of the comparative example 4 and examples 33 to 34, compared with the conventional base fertilizer used in winter wheat planting, the application of the slow release fertilizer only used once in winter wheat planting can effectively improve the yield and quality of crops. In addition, compared with the use of the slow release fertilizer during winter wheat planting, the application of the slow release fertilizer only uses one time during winter wheat planting, and the yield and quality of crops are similar in harvest result. Therefore, the application selects to use the slow release fertilizer only once when winter wheat is planted, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer can be effectively improved, the using amount of the fertilizer can be reduced, and the topdressing process can be reduced.
As can be seen from the detection results of comparative examples 4 and 26-31, compared with the method using one or two of sucrose monostearate, ammonia-terminal polydimethylsiloxane and polyaspartic acid as the components of the synergist in the slow-release fertilizer, the method using sucrose monostearate, ammonia-terminal polydimethylsiloxane and polyaspartic acid as the components of the synergist in the slow-release fertilizer is selected, and the method is used in the planting method of winter wheat multi-seed turnip, so that the yield and quality of crops can be effectively improved, and the problem of shortage of feed requirements is further relieved. Therefore, sucrose monostearate, ammonia-end polydimethylsiloxane and polyaspartic acid are used as components of the synergist in the slow release fertilizer.
As can be seen from the detection results of comparative examples 1-7, in the planting method of winter wheat multi-cropping yuankanin, when the weight ratio of the base fertilizer to the synergist in the controlled-release fertilizer is 1000: (0.3-0.7), the yield and quality of crops can be further improved, so that the problem of shortage of feed requirements is further relieved. Therefore, the weight ratio of the base fertilizer to the synergist in the slow-release fertilizer is controlled within the range. Further, the weight ratio of the base fertilizer to the synergist in the slow-release fertilizer is controlled at 1000: (0.4-0.6).
As can be seen from the detection results of comparative examples 4 and 8-13, in the planting method of the winter wheat multi-cropping yuankanin, when the adding amount of sucrose monostearate in the synergist is controlled to be 0.2-1.0 part, the yield and quality of crops can be further improved, so that the problem of shortage of feed requirements of grains is further relieved. Therefore, the present application controls the addition amount of sucrose monostearate in the synergist within the above range. Further, the adding amount of sucrose monostearate in the synergist is controlled to be 0.4-0.8 part.
As can be seen from the detection results of comparative examples 4 and 14-19, in the planting method of the winter wheat multi-cropping yuankanin, when the adding amount of the ammonia-end polydimethylsiloxane in the synergistic agent is controlled to be 2.5-7.5 parts, the yield and the quality of crops can be further improved, so that the problem of shortage of feed requirements of grains is further relieved. Therefore, the present application controls the addition amount of the amino-terminal polydimethylsiloxane in the synergist within the above-mentioned range. Further, the addition amount of the ammonia-end polydimethylsiloxane in the synergist is controlled to be 4-6.5 parts.
As can be seen from the detection results of comparative examples 4 and 20-25, in the planting method of the winter wheat multi-cropping yuankanin, when the addition amount of polyaspartic acid in the synergistic agent is controlled to be 15-25 parts, the yield and quality of crops can be further improved, so that the problem of shortage of feed requirements of grains is further relieved. Therefore, the present application controls the addition amount of polyaspartic acid in the synergist within the above-mentioned range. Further, the application controls the addition amount of polyaspartic acid in the synergist to 18-23 parts.
As is clear from the test results of comparative examples 4 and 37 to 40, in the method for planting winter wheat with the yuankanin, the yield of yuankanin can be further improved when the time for the yuankanin planting is 1 to 3 weeks after the winter wheat is harvested. Therefore, the time of the re-planting of the yuankanin is controlled within the range, and the yield of forage grass can be effectively improved, so that the problem of shortage of the feed demand of the grain is further relieved.
While the invention has been described in detail in the foregoing general description and with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made thereto. Accordingly, such modifications or improvements may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (4)
1. The planting method of the winter wheat multi-cropping yuankanin is characterized by comprising the following steps of: planting winter wheat; after harvesting winter wheat, reseeding the root of genkwa; the planting time of the winter wheat is from the late 9 months to the middle 10 months; the time for reseeding the common turnip is 1-3 weeks after the winter wheat is harvested;
the specific steps of planting winter wheat comprise: fine variety screening and treatment, soil preparation and slow release fertilizer application, soil treatment, sowing and field management;
the fertilizer is applied only once in the process of planting winter wheat;
the slow release fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: (0.3-0.7) a base fertilizer and a synergist; the base fertilizer comprises a decomposed organic fertilizer, a nitrogenous fertilizer and a phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer; the synergistic agent comprises sucrose monostearate, ammonia-terminal polydimethylsiloxane and polyaspartic acid; the synergistic agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: sucrose monostearate 0.2-1.0 part; 2.5-7.5 parts of ammonia-end polydimethylsiloxane; 15-25 parts of polyaspartic acid.
2. The method for multiple cropping of winter wheat with yuankanin according to claim 1, wherein the mode of winter wheat seed treatment in the fine variety screening and treatment is 2-3d insolation.
3. The method for planting winter wheat multi-seed yuankanin according to claim 1, wherein the specific steps of multi-seed yuankanin include: fine variety screening and treatment, soil preparation and base fertilizer application, sowing and field management.
4. The method for planting winter wheat multi-seed yuankanin according to claim 3, wherein the sowing amount of yuankanin is 1.0-2.0 Kg/mu.
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