CN113040319A - 浓香营养板栗冻干粥的制备方法 - Google Patents

浓香营养板栗冻干粥的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113040319A
CN113040319A CN202110318102.8A CN202110318102A CN113040319A CN 113040319 A CN113040319 A CN 113040319A CN 202110318102 A CN202110318102 A CN 202110318102A CN 113040319 A CN113040319 A CN 113040319A
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李喜宏
梁羽彤
周立花
张振军
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Dayouwei Tianjin Cold Chain Equipment Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种浓香营养板栗冻干粥的制备方法,步骤如下:(1)原料预处理;(2)预糊化多孔板栗淀粉制备;(3)食用菌提取物板栗多孔淀粉颗粒制备;(4)熬粥;(5)大蒜提取物改性纤维素膜的制备;(6)预冷;(7)真空冷冻干燥。本发明浓香营养板栗冻干粥解决了板栗冻干粥生产过程中存在的香气流失、营养成分流失导致货架期短和真空冷冻干燥不彻底导致冻干粥复水性变差等问题。

Description

浓香营养板栗冻干粥的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于食品技术领域,尤其是一种浓香营养板栗冻干粥的制备方法。
背景技术
目前,冻干粥存在如下的问题:
①没有关注到冻干粥在生产过程中风味及营养成分流失的问题,而且也缺少相关解决方案;②多存在冷冻干燥不彻底的问题;③对于冻干粥没有更加有力储存保护措施;④没有关注冻干粥的复水性及口感问题。
导致上述问题主要原因为:冻干粥生产后期,没有重视香气下降这个问题,并采取措施;冻干粥多为放置在食品容器中预冷成型然后进行真空冷冻干燥,普通食品容器形成的立方体形状冻干粥中心位置没有与外界的接触面积,造成冻干粥中心部分冷冻干燥不彻底,冻干粥易变质,质量下降;冻干粥作为方便食品,其营养物质应该尽量减少流失,避免杂菌侵染,使得它的货架期得到延长。
通过检索,发现如下几篇与本发明专利申请相关的专利公开文献:
1、真空冷冻干燥营养即食粥及其制备方法(专利号ZL201910639011.7,2019年9月20日授权),该发明提供了一种真空冷冻干燥营养即食粥及其制备方法,合理添加柠檬汁成分,保护紫薯花青素,提高即食粥色泽;添加山药成分,提高即食紫薯粥的粘稠性,采用特定比例的大米和糯米作为主要原料,营养搭配紫薯、红芸豆等其余六种食材,提高即食紫薯粥的营养全面性和风味特性。
优点:该种即食粥色泽鲜艳、组织状态均匀,具有家庭蒸煮粥品般的粘稠性状,且具有薯类和豆类特有的香气。
缺点:①运用添加柠檬酸的方法来防止花青素氧化,会有柠檬酸分布不均情况,不能实现高效抗氧化。②将粥放入食品容器中进行真空冷冻干燥会出现冷冻干燥不彻底的情况,影响复水性。
对策:①运用大蒜提取物混合改性纤维素成膜,涂抹在冻干粥表面,可实现对冻干粥营养成分的高效抗氧化保护。②运用卷形模具代替食品容器,将倒有冻干粥的卷形模具放入冰箱预冷后在进行真空冷冻干燥,有效解决冷冻干燥不彻底的问题。
2、一种真空冷冻干燥果蔬小米粥的加工方法(专利号ZL201210384173.9,2015年3月11日授权),该发明公开了一种真空冷冻干燥果蔬小米粥,原材料为小米、南瓜、胡萝卜、菠萝、红枣、银耳、白砂糖和维生素E,熬粥完成后先急冻在进行真空冷冻干燥,最后包装。优点:该发明保持了小米及其它果蔬产品原有的营养成份,使其满足了市场的不同需求,具有果蔬小米粥特有的风味及滋味,无其它不良异味,该产品经复水还原后可直接食用。
缺点:①维生素E和其他原材料中的有效成分容易氧化,应针对这问题采取更有效的措施。②果蔬和小米的香气物质在制作过程中挥发量大,粥在复水食用时香气大大降低。
对策:①采用大蒜提取物和改性纤维素制成抗氧化抗菌膜保护冻干粥中易氧化物质易霉变物质。②制备预糊化板栗多孔淀粉,收集风味成分,改善冻干粥口感风味。
3、即食粥(专利号ZL201210501697.1,2013年11月20日授权),该发明公开了一种即食粥,其原料有鸡蛋粉、鸡肉松、全脂牛乳粉、生蚝、鸡肝、小香豆腐干、绿豆、黑米、荞麦、燕麦片、甘薯片、魔芋精粉、干山楂、脱水香菜、黑木耳、银耳、精食盐、鸡精、菜籽油、低聚异麦芽糖。
优点:食用方便,口感良好,产品体积小,便于外带。
缺点:采用脱水烘干的方法对原材料进行处理,原材料的大量营养成分及香气成分流失,并且即食粥的复水性变差。
对策:①制备预糊化板栗多孔淀粉,加入食用菌提取物吸附过后,加入到即食粥中,增加即食粥的香气,提高营养价值,提高复水性。②采用卷形模具盛装即食粥,并在预冷之后进行真空冷冻干燥,极大地保留了营养物质,并且即食粥的复水性也会极大地改善。
通过对比,本发明专利申请与上述专利公开专利文献存在本质的不同。
发明内容
本发明目的在于克服现有技术中的不足之处,提供一种浓香营养板栗冻干粥的制备方法。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:
一种浓香营养板栗冻干粥的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)原料预处理
取食用菌提取物,将板栗、蔬菜清洗过后切成碎粒备用,大米淘洗后备用;其中,大米:食用菌提取物:板栗:蔬菜的质量比为60:5:40:3;
(2)预糊化多孔板栗淀粉制备
将板栗碎粒与柠檬酸/Na2HPO4缓冲溶液按质量比为1:8的比例混合,室温下搅拌30min后加入终浓度为0.1g/ml的α-淀粉酶,在水浴条件下反应7.5h,随后加入终浓度为0.1mol/L的NaOH使酶失活,所得产物在3500r/min下离心10min,最后用去离子水洗涤3次,沉淀物用烘箱干燥,随后对其研磨;
将用淀粉酶处理后的板栗淀粉倒入双螺杆挤压机,控制主机频率是15-17Hz,喂料频率5-7Hz,挤压膨化一区温度80-85℃,二区温度115-120℃,三区温度100-105℃,水分含量20%,随后冷却,干燥,得多孔板栗淀粉,备用;
(3)食用菌提取物板栗多孔淀粉颗粒制备
称取多孔板栗淀粉,并向其逐渐滴加入过量食用菌提取物,高速搅拌至二者充分混合,随后在离心机内高速离心;最后在室温下静置10min,得含食用菌提取物的多孔淀粉颗粒,备用;
(4)熬粥
将经步骤(3)的含食用菌提取物的多孔淀粉颗粒放入大米中,加入水,小火煮50min;最后加入蔬菜,大火再煮10min;打开卷形模具一端的盖子,将煮好的粥倒入卷性模具,盖好盖子放入冰箱预冷过夜;翌日,将冰冻好的粥从卷性模具的一端捅出,得到表面积增大的卷状形态;最后,将卷形冰冻粥放入冷冻干燥机,冷冻干燥12h,得卷型冻干粥;
(5)大蒜提取物改性纤维素膜的制备
过180目筛大蒜粉,用480W超声波处理后得到大蒜提取物,以1:2的质量比加入到质量浓度为3%的甲基纤维素膜液中,搅拌均匀,涂布于冻干粥表面;
(6)预冷
将涂布后的冻干粥置于-4摄氏度,冷冻成型;
(7)真空冷冻干燥
冷冻后冻干粥进行真空冷冻干燥24h,即得浓香营养板栗冻干粥。
进一步地,所述步骤(4)中卷形模具包括呈卷状2的中空模具1,该模具的一端设置为物料进口3,该模具的另一端设置为物料出口4,物料进口、物料出口处的模具上均紧密活动可拆卸设置有盖子(图中均未标号)。
进一步地,所述步骤(7)中的浓香营养板栗冻干粥还经过如下处理:
真空包装:
将浓香营养板栗冻干粥用真空封口设备进行包装,即得浓香营养板栗冻干粥产品。
本发明取得的优点和积极效果为:
1、本发明浓香营养板栗冻干粥解决了板栗冻干粥生产过程中存在的香气流失、营养成分流失导致货架期短和真空冷冻干燥不彻底导致冻干粥复水性变差等问题。
2、针对冻干粥加工过程香气成分大量流失,导致冻干粥风味下降,且会出现复水不理想的情况,本发明制备的预糊化多孔板栗淀粉,并加入食用菌提取物制备板栗多孔淀粉颗粒,使板栗冻干粥风味多元,口感细腻。
3、针对冻干粥真空冷冻干燥不彻底,导致冻干粥易变质,本发明利用卷形模具来进行真空冷冻干燥,最大程度增加冻干粥接触面积,使真空冷干燥程度更彻底。
4、为了追求更有效而强有力的冻干粥储存方法,本发明利用大蒜提取物混合改性纤维素成膜的方法,与真空冷冻干燥和包装一起形成冻干粥的高效保护。
5、本发明中采用了食用菌提取物多孔板栗多孔淀粉颗粒。食用菌含有丰富的蛋白质和氨基酸,其含量是一般蔬菜和水果的几倍到几十倍,而脂肪含量很低,约占干品重量的0.2%-3.6%,其中74-83%是人体健康有益的不饱和脂肪酸,食用菌还富含维生素和矿物质元素。为增加板栗冻干粥营养赋值,吸取食用菌精华,利用多孔淀粉的强吸附性,让板栗多孔淀粉吸附食用菌提取物,保护了食用菌不稳定的营养物质及风味成分,使板栗冻干粥的营养成分更多元化,增加了冻干粥的风味。
6、本发明中采用了生物酶协同挤压膨化技术制备预糊化多孔板栗淀粉。板栗富含淀粉,利用淀粉酶能够特异性水解淀粉糖苷键,再协同挤压技术制备预糊化多孔板栗淀粉,使板栗淀粉同时具有预糊化和多孔性质。预糊化板栗淀粉具有良好的复水性,口感更粘滑细腻,预糊化后的板栗淀粉挤压膨化效果更好,因此呈现出多孔海绵结构,有利于易挥发不稳定物质的粘附,对其进行保护,具有缓释性,膨化后的疏松结构也有利于食用时水分快速进入淀粉,真正做到板栗冻干粥方便即食,提升了板栗冻干粥的口感,并增加了其营养价值。
7、本发明中采用了大蒜提取物混合改性纤维素成膜抑制冻干粥发霉。大蒜因其具有抗菌消炎的作用,在民间广为使用,也会时常作为药材用于治疗疾病,如对其进行抑菌物质提取,应用到工业上,是非常有前景的天然抑菌防腐剂;而改性纤维素,如甲基纤维素具有良好的成膜性,能够有效的阻隔空气,这种改性纤维素膜可食、绿色、环保。运用超声波提取技术制备大蒜提取物,与改性纤维素混合,制成天然抑菌膜,涂抹在冻干粥表面,可有效防止冻干粥氧化发霉,回潮,质量变差。
8、本发明中采用了卷形模具预冷提高冻干粥冷冻干燥速率。制作中空卷形模具,往里面倒入煮熟冻干粥后预冷,24小时预冷完毕后,拆开模具,将卷形的已冻结成冰的板栗粥真空冷冻干燥。卷形模具大大增加了粥与外界的接触面积,在预冷时使粥的温度急速下降,达到良好的预冷效果。冷冻干燥时卷形冻结粥的冻干效果也会更好,冻干更彻底,大大缩短的制作时间,减少了冻干粥的返潮现象,提高了食用时冻干粥的复水效率和感官口感。
附图说明
图1为本发明中卷形模具的一种结构连接示意图;
图2为本发明浓香营养板栗冻干粥的制备方法的实物照片图。
具体实施方式
下面详细叙述本发明的实施例,需要说明的是,本实施例是叙述性的,不是限定性的,不能以此限定本发明的保护范围。
本发明中所使用的原料,如无特殊说明,均为常规的市售产品;本发明中所使用的方法,如无特殊说明,均为本领域的常规方法。
一种浓香营养板栗冻干粥的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)原料预处理
取食用菌提取物,将板栗、蔬菜清洗过后切成碎粒备用,大米淘洗后备用;其中,大米:食用菌提取物:板栗:蔬菜的质量比为60:5:40:3;
(2)预糊化多孔板栗淀粉制备
将板栗碎粒与柠檬酸/Na2HPO4缓冲溶液按质量比为1:8的比例混合,室温下搅拌30min后加入终浓度为0.1g/ml的α-淀粉酶,在水浴条件下反应7.5h,随后加入终浓度为0.1mol/L的NaOH使酶失活,所得产物在3500r/min下离心10min,最后用去离子水洗涤3次,沉淀物用烘箱干燥,随后对其研磨;
将用淀粉酶处理后的板栗淀粉倒入双螺杆挤压机,控制主机频率是15-17Hz,喂料频率5-7Hz,挤压膨化一区温度80-85℃,二区温度115-120℃,三区温度100-105℃,水分含量20%,随后冷却,干燥,得多孔板栗淀粉,备用;
(3)食用菌提取物板栗多孔淀粉颗粒制备
称取多孔板栗淀粉,并向其逐渐滴加入过量食用菌提取物,高速搅拌至二者充分混合,随后在离心机内高速离心;最后在室温下静置10min,得含食用菌提取物的多孔淀粉颗粒,备用;
(4)熬粥
将经步骤(3)的含食用菌提取物的多孔淀粉颗粒放入大米中,加入水,小火煮50min;最后加入蔬菜,大火再煮10min;打开卷形模具一端的盖子,将煮好的粥倒入卷性模具,盖好盖子放入冰箱预冷过夜;翌日,将冰冻好的粥从卷性模具的一端捅出,得到表面积增大的卷状形态;最后,将卷形冰冻粥放入冷冻干燥机,冷冻干燥12h,得卷型冻干粥;
(5)大蒜提取物改性纤维素膜的制备
过180目筛大蒜粉,用480W超声波处理后得到大蒜提取物,以1:2的质量比加入到质量浓度为3%的甲基纤维素膜液中,搅拌均匀,涂布于冻干粥表面;
(6)预冷
将涂布后的冻干粥置于-4摄氏度,冷冻成型;
(7)真空冷冻干燥
冷冻后冻干粥进行真空冷冻干燥24h,即得浓香营养板栗冻干粥。
较优地,所述步骤(4)中卷形模具包括呈卷状2的中空模具1,该模具的一端设置为物料进口3,该模具的另一端设置为物料出口4,物料进口、物料出口处的模具上均紧密活动可拆卸设置有盖子(图中均未标号)。将煮好的板栗粥倒到中空卷槽处,物理隔开板栗粥,使板栗粥的预冷面积更大,预冷效果更好,预冷时间更短,有助于接下来的冷冻干燥步骤。
较优地,所述步骤(7)中的浓香营养板栗冻干粥还经过如下处理:
真空包装:
将浓香营养板栗冻干粥用真空封口设备进行包装,即得浓香营养板栗冻干粥产品。
具体地,相关制备及检测如下:
一种浓香营养板栗冻干粥的制备方法,制备工艺流程及操作要点可以为:
工艺流程:原料预处理→预糊化多孔板栗淀粉制备→食用菌提取物板栗多孔淀粉颗粒制备→熬粥→倒入卷形模具急冻急冻→拆开卷形模具,真空冷冻干燥→涂抹大蒜提取物改性纤维素膜→真空包装。
一种浓香营养板栗冻干粥的制备方法,步骤如下:
1、原料预处理
将板栗、蔬菜等清洗过后切成碎粒备用,大米淘洗后备用。
2、预糊化多孔板栗淀粉制备
将板栗碎粒与柠檬酸/Na2HPO4缓冲溶液按质量比为1∶8的比例混合,室温下搅拌30min后向淀粉液中加入α-淀粉酶,在水浴条件下反应7.5h,随后加入浓度为0.1mol/L的NaOH使酶失活,所得产物在3500r/min下离心10min,最后用去离子水洗涤3次。沉淀物用烘箱干燥,随后对其研磨。
将用淀粉酶处理后的板栗淀粉倒入双螺杆挤压机,控制主机频率是15-17Hz,喂料频率5-7Hz,挤压膨化一区温度80-85℃,二区温度115-120℃,三区温度100-105℃,水分含量20%,随后冷却,干燥,备用。
3、食用菌提取物板栗多孔淀粉颗粒制备
称取质量为5g的多孔淀粉,并向其逐渐滴加入过量食用菌提取物,高速搅拌至二者充分混合,随后在离心机内高速离心;最后在室温下静置一段时间,备用。
4、熬粥
先将板栗和食用菌放入大米中,加入水,小火煮50min。最后加入蔬菜,大火再煮10min。冷却后放入卷形模具。
5、大蒜提取物改性纤维素膜的制备
过180目筛大蒜粉,用480W超声波处理后得到大蒜提取物,加入到3%的甲基纤维素膜液中,搅拌均匀,涂布于冻干粥表面。
6、预冷
-4摄氏度冰箱冷冻成型
7、真空冷冻干燥
真空冷冻干燥24h
8、真空包装
将成品用真空封口设备进行包装。
本发明的相关检测:
1、本发明制得的浓香营养板栗冻干粥的营养成分如下:
Figure BDA0002992061340000071
2、储存方法:大蒜成分抑菌膜,真空包装。
3、保鲜数据:板栗冻干粥普通条件下贮藏3个月,真空加保鲜剂覆膜条件下保质期延长7-9个月,保质期可达1年。
4、复水时间:1-2min,米/水比例:1:1.8。
5、尺寸数据:粥饼直径8±0.5cm。
6、板栗冻干粥的照片图如图2所示。
尽管为说明目的公开了本发明的实施例,但是本领域的技术人员可以理解:在不脱离本发明及所附权利要求的精神和范围内,各种替换、变化和修改都是可能的,因此,本发明的范围不局限于实施例所公开的内容。

Claims (3)

1.一种浓香营养板栗冻干粥的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤如下:
(1)原料预处理
取食用菌提取物,将板栗、蔬菜清洗过后切成碎粒备用,大米淘洗后备用;其中,大米:食用菌提取物:板栗:蔬菜的质量比为60:5:40:3;
(2)预糊化多孔板栗淀粉制备
将板栗碎粒与柠檬酸/Na2HPO4缓冲溶液按质量比为1:8的比例混合,室温下搅拌30min后加入终浓度为0.1g/ml的α-淀粉酶,在水浴条件下反应7.5h,随后加入终浓度为0.1mol/L的NaOH使酶失活,所得产物在3500r/min下离心10min,最后用去离子水洗涤3次,沉淀物用烘箱干燥,随后对其研磨;
将用淀粉酶处理后的板栗淀粉倒入双螺杆挤压机,控制主机频率是15-17Hz,喂料频率5-7Hz,挤压膨化一区温度80-85℃,二区温度115-120℃,三区温度100-105℃,水分含量20%,随后冷却,干燥,得多孔板栗淀粉,备用;
(3)食用菌提取物板栗多孔淀粉颗粒制备
称取多孔板栗淀粉,并向其逐渐滴加入过量食用菌提取物,高速搅拌至二者充分混合,随后在离心机内高速离心;最后在室温下静置10min,得含食用菌提取物的多孔淀粉颗粒,备用;
(4)熬粥
将经步骤(3)的含食用菌提取物的多孔淀粉颗粒放入大米中,加入水,小火煮50min;最后加入蔬菜,大火再煮10min;打开卷形模具一端的盖子,将煮好的粥倒入卷性模具,盖好盖子放入冰箱预冷过夜;翌日,将冰冻好的粥从卷性模具的一端捅出,得到表面积增大的卷状形态;最后,将卷形冰冻粥放入冷冻干燥机,冷冻干燥12h,得卷型冻干粥;
(5)大蒜提取物改性纤维素膜的制备
过180目筛大蒜粉,用480W超声波处理后得到大蒜提取物,以1:2的质量比加入到质量浓度为3%的甲基纤维素膜液中,搅拌均匀,涂布于冻干粥表面;
(6)预冷
将涂布后的冻干粥置于-4摄氏度,冷冻成型;
(7)真空冷冻干燥
冷冻后冻干粥进行真空冷冻干燥24h,即得浓香营养板栗冻干粥。
2.根据权利要求1所述的浓香营养板栗冻干粥的制备方法,其特征在于:如图1所示,所述步骤(4)中卷形模具包括呈卷状2的中空模具1,该模具的一端设置为物料进口3,该模具的另一端设置为物料出口4,物料进口、物料出口处的模具上均紧密活动可拆卸设置有盖子(图中均未标号)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的浓香营养板栗冻干粥的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(7)中的浓香营养板栗冻干粥还经过如下处理:
真空包装:
将浓香营养板栗冻干粥用真空封口设备进行包装,即得浓香营养板栗冻干粥产品。
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