CN112979380B - Harmless bacteria residue, light and simple harmless treatment method and application - Google Patents
Harmless bacteria residue, light and simple harmless treatment method and application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses harmless fungus dregs, a light and simple harmless treatment method and application, comprising the steps of removing bags from edible fungus bags to obtain fungus dregs; kneading the mushroom dregs, and then inoculating compound microorganisms on the kneaded surfaces of the mushroom dregs to perform composting fermentation; carrying out extrusion granulation to obtain fungus dreg particles, and spraying composite functional bacteria on the surfaces of the fungus dreg particles to obtain harmless fungus dregs; according to the treatment method, the fungus residues are mechanically kneaded to increase the specific surface area of the fungus residues, then the fungus residues are subjected to light simplified and rapid composting fermentation, after particles are extruded, specific composite functional bacteria are added in a compounding manner, so that the fungus residues have nutrition and biocontrol effects, after the fungus residues are returned to the field, the rapid mineralization of organic components can be accelerated, the fertilizer efficiency release rate after the fungus residues are returned to the field can be effectively improved, the purpose of fertilizing the soil can be achieved, the soil can be effectively improved, and the crop yield can be increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mushroom dreg treatment, in particular to harmless mushroom dreg, a light and simple harmless treatment method and application.
Background
The edible fungus waste residue is a ubiquitous waste resource in an edible main production area, at present, the utilization research on the edible fungus residue is mostly concentrated in a single field, the utilization forms are different, the utilization efficiency is low, and a large amount of waste and secondary pollution phenomena still exist, and the total of 7 utilization ways are summarized, namely the edible fungus waste residue is used as a substrate ingredient for edible fungus cultivation, is used as a base material for seedling culture, is used as a fungus chaff feed, is used as a medium source for enzyme research, is used as a substrate for producing biogas by fermentation, is used as an ecological environment restoration material, and is used as a fertilizer and a bioactive substance. At present, the utilization mode of the waste edible fungus dregs in China is common, and the produced fungus dregs are processed into feed and fertilizer to be sold as products. The waste edible fungus dregs are used for producing organic fertilizer, so that soil organic matters can be remarkably increased, and the yield, the quality and the like of agricultural products are improved. In order to reduce excessive dependence on straw resources and forest resources, the edible fungus industry needs to utilize cultivated fungus materials to develop breeding feed processing of poultry and fish and produce soil organic fertilizer.
The current edible fungus dreg utilization technology is not mature enough, the treatment means is limited, the application range is narrow, the resource waste and the environmental pollution are caused to a greater degree, and the large-scale operation of fungus dreg compost is labor-consuming, time-consuming and capital-consuming. In addition, the practitioners of the edible fungus industry mainly adopt small farmers or single planting bodies, the planting scales are different, the waste fungus residues are scattered and piled, and the recycling cost is higher. Therefore, the effect of the bacterial slag accumulated fertilizer is good for years, but the large-area popularization is difficult. Because the edible fungus dregs can not be directly applied to the farmland because the fungus dregs are not completely decomposed, the direct application to the farmland has small fertilizer effect and slow decomposition speed, and the seedling burning possibly causes the influence on the rooting and survival of the plants, and if the plants are not fermented, the plant diseases and insect pests in the fungus residues can be spread to pollute the growth environment of the edible fungi.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide harmless mushroom dregs, a light and simple harmless treatment method and application, wherein the harmless mushroom dregs have rich nutrient substances and contain a large amount of active substances, and can decompose complex organic matters and inhibit the propagation of harmful bacteria so as to inhibit soil-borne diseases; in addition, the harmless bacterial slag can be directly used for returning to the field, can accelerate the decomposition process of field organic matters, and is not limited by climate conditions such as local accumulated temperature, rainfall and the like.
In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:
the invention provides a light and simple harmless treatment method of edible fungus waste mushroom dregs, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) Removing the bag of the edible fungus bag to obtain fungus dregs;
(b) Kneading the fungus dregs, and then inoculating compound microorganisms on the kneaded fungus dregs for composting fermentation, wherein the compound microorganisms comprise the following strains in parts by weight: 3-7 parts of bacillus subtilis, 2-5 parts of trichoderma viride, 1-3 parts of bacillus thuringiensis, 8-12 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 4-8 parts of aspergillus niger, 4-8 parts of lactobacillus acidophilus and 2-4 parts of streptomyces jingyang;
(c) And extruding and granulating to obtain fungus dreg particles, and spraying composite functional bacteria on the surfaces of the fungus dreg particles to obtain harmless fungus dreg, wherein the composite functional bacteria comprise the following strains in parts by weight: 2 to 4 portions of bacillus licheniformis, 3 to 6 portions of jelly-like paenibacillus, 1 to 2 portions of trichoderma harzianum, 2 to 4 portions of beauveria bassiana, 4 to 6 portions of free-living azotobacter, 2 to 4 portions of bacillus thuringiensis, 2 to 4 portions of bacillus laterosporus, 1 to 2 portions of bacillus mucilaginosus, 2 to 4 portions of lactic acid bacteria, 1 to 3 portions of trichoderma viride and 4 to 6 portions of paecilomyces lilacinus.
Preferably, the length of the fungus dregs after the filament rolling is not more than 12mm, and the diameter of the fungus dregs after the filament rolling is 1-2 mm.
Preferably, the water content of the mushroom dregs is 50-60%, the crude protein content is 5-16%, the crude fiber content is 2-40%, and the pH value is 6-8.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the fungus dreg silking to the compound microorganism is 100: 2-6.
Preferably, the compound microorganism consists of the following strains in parts by weight: 5 parts of bacillus subtilis, 3 parts of trichoderma viride, 2 parts of bacillus thuringiensis, 10 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 6 parts of aspergillus niger, 6 parts of lactobacillus acidophilus and 3 parts of streptomyces jingyangensis.
Preferably, the grain size of the fungus residue particles is 2-3 mm; the mass ratio of the fungus dreg particles to the composite functional bacteria is 100: 4-8.
Preferably, the compost fermentation is normal-temperature fermentation for 6-8 days.
The invention provides harmless mushroom dregs which are prepared by the treatment method.
The third aspect of the invention provides an application of the harmless bacterial residues in soil improvement, organic fertilizer preparation or seedling raising substrate preparation.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a method of soil improvement, the method comprising the steps of:
and (3) uniformly spreading the harmless fungi residues on the soil surface after stubble cleaning of straws in autumn, and then ploughing.
Preferably, the spreading amount of the harmless mushroom dregs is 800-1200 Kg/mu.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that at least:
(1) The invention relates to a light simple harmless treatment method of bacterial slag, which comprises the steps of mechanically kneading the bacterial slag to increase the specific surface area of the bacterial slag, then carrying out light simplified rapid composting fermentation, after extruding particles, adding specific composite functional bacteria in a compounding manner to enable the bacterial slag particles to have nutrition and biocontrol effects, after returning the particles to the field, accelerating the rapid mineralization of organic components of the particles, effectively improving the fertilizer efficiency release rate after returning the particles to the field, and fertilizing the soil.
(2) The harmless mushroom dregs have rich nutrient substances and contain a large amount of active substances, and can decompose complex organic matters and inhibit the propagation of harmful bacteria, so that soil-borne diseases are inhibited, the disease resistance of plants is improved, and the mushroom dregs have double effects of fattening and biocontrol; in addition, the harmless bacterial slag is directly applied to returning to the field, so that the decomposition process of field organic matters can be accelerated, and the harmless bacterial slag is not limited by climate conditions such as local accumulated temperature, rainfall and the like.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the following embodiments. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and therefore are only examples, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
It is to be noted that, unless otherwise specified, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains; the raw materials used in the present invention are not particularly limited, and may be commercially available.
The following examples used the following starting materials:
edible fungus dregs: the black fungus dreg contains 50% of water, 12% of crude protein, 23% of crude fiber and 6.2 of pH value.
Example 1
The embodiment is a simple harmless treatment method of waste edible fungus dregs, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) Removing the bag of the edible fungus bag to obtain fungus dregs;
(b) Kneading the fungus dregs into filaments, wherein the length of the fungus dregs after the filament kneading is not more than 12mm, the diameter of the fungus dregs after the filament kneading is 1-2 mm, then inoculating composite microorganisms on the surface of the fungus dregs after the filament kneading, and composting and fermenting for 8 days at normal temperature, wherein the mass ratio of the fungus dregs kneading and the composite microorganisms is 100: 2, and the composite microorganisms consist of the following strains in parts by weight: 7 parts of bacillus subtilis, 2 parts of trichoderma viride, 1 part of bacillus thuringiensis, 12 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 4 parts of aspergillus niger, 8 parts of lactobacillus acidophilus and 2 parts of streptomyces jingyangensis;
(c) Carrying out extrusion granulation to obtain fungus dreg particles with the particle size of 2-3 mm, and spraying composite functional bacteria on the surfaces of the fungus dreg particles to obtain harmless fungus dreg, wherein the mass ratio of the fungus dreg particles to the composite functional bacteria is 100: 8; the composite functional bacteria comprise the following strains in parts by weight: 4 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 3 parts of paenibacillus mucilaginosus, 2 parts of trichoderma harzianum, 2 parts of beauveria bassiana, 6 parts of free-living azotobacter, 2 parts of azotobacter, 4 parts of bacillus thuringiensis, 2 parts of bacillus laterosporus, 2 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus, 2 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 3 parts of trichoderma viride and 4 parts of paecilomyces lilacinus.
Example 2
The embodiment is a simple harmless treatment method of waste edible fungus dregs, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) Removing the bag of the edible fungus bag to obtain fungus dregs;
(b) Kneading the fungus dregs into filaments, wherein the length of the fungus dregs after the filament kneading is not more than 12mm, the diameter of the fungus dregs after the filament kneading is 1-2 mm, then inoculating composite microorganisms on the surface of the fungus dregs after the filament kneading, and composting and fermenting for 6 days at normal temperature, wherein the mass ratio of the fungus dregs filament kneading to the composite microorganisms is 100: 6, and the composite microorganisms consist of the following strains in parts by weight: 3 parts of bacillus subtilis, 5 parts of trichoderma viride, 3 parts of bacillus thuringiensis, 8 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 8 parts of aspergillus niger, 4 parts of lactobacillus acidophilus and 4 parts of streptomyces jingyangensis;
(c) Carrying out extrusion granulation to obtain fungus residue particles with the particle size of 2-3 mm, and spraying composite functional bacteria on the surfaces of the fungus residue particles to obtain harmless fungus residues, wherein the mass ratio of the fungus residue particles to the composite functional bacteria is 100: 4; the composite functional bacteria comprise the following strains in parts by weight: 2 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 6 parts of paenibacillus mucilaginosus, 1 part of trichoderma harzianum, 4 parts of beauveria bassiana, 4 parts of free-living azotobacter, 4 parts of paenibacillus azotobacter, 2 parts of bacillus thuringiensis, 4 parts of bacillus laterosporus, 1 part of bacillus mucilaginosus, 4 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 1 part of trichoderma viride and 6 parts of paecilomyces lilacinus.
Example 3
The embodiment is a simple harmless treatment method of waste edible fungus dregs, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) Removing the bag of the edible fungus bag to obtain fungus dregs;
(b) Kneading the fungus dregs into filaments, wherein the length of the fungus dregs after the filament kneading is not more than 12mm, the diameter of the fungus dregs after the filament kneading is 1-2 mm, then inoculating composite microorganisms on the surface of the fungus dregs after the filament kneading, and composting and fermenting for 7 days at normal temperature, wherein the mass ratio of the fungus dregs filament kneading to the composite microorganisms is 100: 5, and the composite microorganisms consist of the following strains in parts by weight: 5 parts of bacillus subtilis, 3 parts of trichoderma viride, 2 parts of bacillus thuringiensis, 10 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 6 parts of aspergillus niger, 6 parts of lactobacillus acidophilus and 3 parts of streptomyces jingyangensis;
(c) Carrying out extrusion granulation to obtain fungus dreg particles with the particle size of 2-3 mm, and spraying composite functional bacteria on the surfaces of the fungus dreg particles to obtain harmless fungus dreg, wherein the mass ratio of the fungus dreg particles to the composite functional bacteria is 100: 6; the composite functional bacteria comprise the following strains in parts by weight: 3 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 5 parts of paenibacillus mucilaginosus, 2 parts of trichoderma harzianum, 3 parts of beauveria bassiana, 5 parts of free-living azotobacter, 3 parts of bacillus thuringiensis, 3 parts of bacillus laterosporus, 2 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus, 3 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 2 parts of trichoderma viride and 5 parts of paecilomyces lilacinus.
Example 4
The embodiment is a soil improvement method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the harmless fungus dregs prepared in the example 3 are uniformly scattered on the soil surface after harvesting corns and stubble cleaning of straws in autumn according to 1000 Kg/mu, and then plowed.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example is a light and simple harmless treatment method of waste edible fungus dregs, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) Removing the bag of the edible fungus bag to obtain fungus dregs;
(b) Kneading the fungus dregs into filaments, wherein the length of the fungus dregs after the filament kneading is not more than 12mm, the diameter of the fungus dregs after the filament kneading is 1-2 mm, then inoculating composite microorganisms on the surface of the fungus dregs after the filament kneading, and composting and fermenting for 7 days at normal temperature, wherein the mass ratio of the fungus dregs filament kneading to the composite microorganisms is 100: 5, and the composite microorganisms consist of the following strains in parts by weight: 5 parts of bacillus subtilis, 2 parts of bacillus thuringiensis, 10 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 9 parts of aspergillus niger and 9 parts of lactobacillus acidophilus;
(c) Carrying out extrusion granulation to obtain fungus dreg particles with the particle size of 2-3 mm, and spraying composite functional bacteria on the surfaces of the fungus dreg particles to obtain harmless fungus dreg, wherein the mass ratio of the fungus dreg particles to the composite functional bacteria is 100: 6; the composite functional bacteria comprise the following strains in parts by weight: 3 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 5 parts of paenibacillus mucilaginosus, 2 parts of trichoderma harzianum, 3 parts of beauveria bassiana, 5 parts of free-living azotobacter, 3 parts of bacillus thuringiensis, 3 parts of bacillus laterosporus, 2 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus, 3 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 2 parts of trichoderma viride and 5 parts of paecilomyces lilacinus.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example is a light simple harmless treatment method of edible fungus waste residues, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) Removing the bag of the edible fungus bag to obtain fungus dregs;
(b) Kneading the fungus residues, inoculating compound microorganisms on the surface of the kneaded fungus residues, and composting and fermenting for 7 days at normal temperature, wherein the mass ratio of the kneaded fungus residues to the compound microorganisms is 100: 5, and the compound microorganisms consist of the following strains in parts by weight: 5 parts of bacillus subtilis, 3 parts of trichoderma viride, 2 parts of bacillus thuringiensis, 10 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 6 parts of aspergillus niger, 6 parts of lactobacillus acidophilus and 3 parts of streptomyces jingyangensis;
(c) Carrying out extrusion granulation to obtain fungus dreg particles with the particle size of 2-3 mm, and spraying composite functional bacteria on the surfaces of the fungus dreg particles to obtain harmless fungus dreg, wherein the mass ratio of the fungus dreg particles to the composite functional bacteria is 100: 6; the composite functional bacteria comprise the following strains in parts by weight: 3 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 5 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus, 5 parts of beauveria bassiana, 5 parts of free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 3 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacillus, 3 parts of bacillus thuringiensis, 8 parts of bacillus laterosporus, 2 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus and 5 parts of lactic acid bacteria.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example is a light and simple harmless treatment method of edible fungus waste residues, which is basically the same as the treatment method in example 3, and is different from the treatment method in the step (b) only in that the composite microorganisms in the step (b) are replaced by organic material decomposing agents with the same fraction (Beijing century Ames Biotechnology Co., ltd.).
Comparative example 4
The comparative example is a light and simple harmless treatment method of edible fungus waste residues, the treatment method is basically the same as that in the example 3, and the difference is only that the composite microorganisms in the step (b) are replaced by organic fertilizer decomposing agents (Vigorboom biological technology Co., ltd. Of Dengzhou) with the same fraction.
Examples of the experiments
The plot experiment is a corn continuous cropping zone, and 6 treatments are designed by adopting a splitting zone and arranged in a random block group, and are blank control, example 3 and 1-4 control groups. Each cell area is 20m × 10 rows 0.65m =130m 2 Three replicates for a total of 18 cells 2340m 2 . After the corn is harvested, soil is prepared, the corn root stubble and the un-crushed straw continue to be stubble-cleaned for the second time on the basis of stubble cleaning of the combine harvester by using a 6B1404 John Diel (six-cylinder) tractor and a stubble cleaner (a 1JH-350 type straw crushing and returning machine), and the corn straw is crushed to 5-10cm. Example 3 and comparative examples 1 to 4 harmless mushroom dregs were obtained in example 3 and comparative examples 1 to 4, respectively, by broadcasting 1000 Kg/mu. Then, the straws are ploughed and buried in a 10cm soil layer by using a 7M-2204 John Diel tractor and a German Raken hydraulic five-furrow turnover plow (EurO pa18/5 type).
The test adopts the mode that all straws are returned to the field, no irrigation is carried out during the test, all the treated fertilization, varieties and other management measures (harrowing, rotary tillage, ridging, seeding and pressing, weeding, disease prevention and the like) are the same, and the fertilizing amount of each treatment is N160 kg/hm 2 、P 2 O 5 115kg/hm 2 、K 2 O＝90kg/hm 2 Namely base fertilizer 50kg/hm 2 Urea, 250kg/hm 2 Diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 150kg/hm 2 Potassium chloride, topdressing 200kg/hm 2 Urea.
When the spring comes the next year, the soil fertility is detected, and the detection result is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 variation of soil fertility in different groups
As can be seen from Table 1:
compared with the blank control group in the comparison examples 3-4, the content of the effective components in the soil can be effectively improved, and the soil fertility can be better improved; however, the mushroom dregs obtained in example 3 of the present invention can promote the decomposition of organic substances in soil better than those obtained in comparative examples 1 to 4, and can improve soil fertility better.
Example 3 and comparative examples 1 to 4 test for determining degree of decomposition of straw by harmless fungi residues
And (4) carrying out straw returning demonstration, namely selecting complete corn straws with the thickness and the length close to each other, and cutting the complete corn straws into small sections of 3-5 cm. Weighing about 50g of straw small sections, putting the straw small sections into a nylon mesh bag, preparing 30 bags of straw samples required by the test, and numbering the straw samples. And (3) drying the numbered samples at 85 ℃ for 6 hours (drying to constant weight is required), accurately weighing and recording the weight N0 of each bag. The test set was added with the harmless mushroom dreg group of example 3 and the harmless mushroom dreg groups of comparative examples 1 to 4 and the blank control group, respectively, for a total of 6 groups, each group was repeated 5 times; adding harmless bacteria residue 5 g/bag, mixing, burying the straw sample (nylon bag) into 10cm soil layer, taking out the sample after 90 days of test, storing in 4 deg.C refrigerator, cleaning and drying the sample within 3 days, and weighing to obtain NX.
Results 1: the straw decomposition effect is compared after straw returning to the field at the fungus
Under a certain condition, the crop straws are subjected to comprehensive degradation by microorganisms and the like, organic matters contained in the crop straws are gradually decomposed, and the weight of the straws is gradually reduced. The decomposition degree can be reflected by measuring the weight loss rate of the straws, and the effect of the straw decomposition agent can be compared and evaluated. Burying the net bag filled with the mixed sample of the straw and the soil into the soil after 4 months and 25 days, sampling after three months, namely 7 months and 25 days, and determining the maturity;
the measurement results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
When the straw degradation rate is tested, nutrients of the residual straw sections are measured according to the sampling time, the less the content of the nutrients of the residual straw is, the better the straw is degraded by microorganisms, and the more the nutrients enter the soil, the more the soil fertility is improved; the results are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3
As can be seen from tables 2 and 3:
the fungus dregs prepared in the embodiment 3 and the comparison examples 1-4 groups of the invention can promote the decomposition of the straws and promote the decomposition of organic substances in the straws; however, the harmless mushroom dregs prepared in the embodiment 3 of the invention have more excellent effects of promoting the decomposition of organic matters in the straws.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should be construed as being covered by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A simple harmless treatment method for waste edible fungus dregs is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) Removing the bag of the edible fungus bag to obtain fungus dregs;
(b) Kneading the fungus dregs, and then inoculating compound microorganisms on the kneaded fungus dregs for composting fermentation, wherein the compound microorganisms comprise the following strains in parts by weight: 5 parts of bacillus subtilis, 3 parts of trichoderma viride, 2 parts of bacillus thuringiensis, 10 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 6 parts of aspergillus niger, 6 parts of lactobacillus acidophilus and 3 parts of streptomyces jingyangensis;
(c) And extruding and granulating to obtain fungus dreg particles, and spraying composite functional bacteria on the surfaces of the fungus dreg particles to obtain harmless fungus dreg, wherein the composite functional bacteria comprise the following strains in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 3-6 parts of paenibacillus mucilaginosus, 1-2 parts of trichoderma harzianum, 2-4 parts of beauveria bassiana, 4-6 parts of free-living azotobacter, 2-4 parts of bacillus thuringiensis, 2-4 parts of bacillus laterosporus, 1-2 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus, 2-4 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 1-3 parts of trichoderma viride and 4-6 parts of paecilomyces lilacinus;
the water content of the mushroom dregs is 50-60%, the crude protein content is 5-16%, the crude fiber content is 2-40%, and the pH value is 6-8;
the length of the fungus dregs after the silk kneading is not more than 12mm, and the diameter is 1-2 mm;
the mass ratio of the fungus dreg kneading filaments to the compound microorganisms is 100: 2-6;
the grain size of the fungus dreg grains is 2-3 mm; the mass ratio of the fungus dreg particles to the composite functional bacteria is 100: 4-8;
the compost fermentation is performed for 6 to 8 days at normal temperature.
2. A harmless mushroom residue produced by the treatment method according to claim 1.
3. The use of the harmless mushroom dregs of claim 2 in soil improvement, organic fertilizer production or seedling raising substrate production.
4. A method of soil improvement comprising the steps of:
the harmless fungi residues of claim 2 are uniformly spread on the soil surface after autumn straw stubble cleaning, and then plowed.
5. The soil improvement method according to claim 4, wherein the harmless mushroom dregs are applied at a rate of 800 to 1200 Kg/mu.
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