CN112970541A

CN112970541A - Comprehensive ecological planting and breeding method for paddy field shrimps, turtles, fishes and ducks

Info

Publication number: CN112970541A
Application number: CN202110229784.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 宋光同; 蒋业林; 王芬; 陈祝; 周建桥; 董勇; 侯冠军; 季索菲; 周翔; 徐彬; 王佳佳; 麻嘉浩; 王廷文
Original assignee: Fisheries Research Institute of Anhui AAS
Current assignee: Fisheries Research Institute of Anhui AAS
Priority date: 2021-03-02
Filing date: 2021-03-02
Publication date: 2021-06-18
Anticipated expiration: 2041-03-02
Also published as: CN112970541B

Abstract

The invention relates to a comprehensive ecological planting and breeding method for paddy fields, shrimps, turtles, fishes and ducks, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural breeding and planting. The method comprises four stages of rice field preparation, rice field fish and shrimp polyculture, rice, turtle and fish co-culture and rice harvesting and breeding of ducks; in the first stage, annular ditches are excavated around the rice field, and fish collecting pits are arranged on one sides of the annular ditches; food platforms are uniformly distributed in the annular groove; arranging escape-proof walls around the rice field outside the annular trench; arranging a purse seine around the fish collecting pit; then clearing and disinfecting, transplanting waterweeds and fertilizing water quality; then, the cultivation operation of the second to fourth stages is carried out. The invention makes full use of the space-time resources in the rice field, produces diversified agricultural products, makes full use of the space-time resources in the rice field in the next half year on the basis of rice shrimps, increases the yield of high-quality agricultural products such as soft-shelled turtles, fishes, ducks and the like, and has the economic benefit 2-3 times of the original rice shrimp breeding mode.

Description

Comprehensive ecological planting and breeding method for paddy field shrimps, turtles, fishes and ducks

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation and planting, and particularly relates to a comprehensive ecological breeding method for shrimps, soft-shelled turtles, fishes and ducks in a rice field.

Background

At present, the rice and fish comprehensive planting and breeding mode in China mainly comprises rice shrimps, rice soft-shelled turtles, rice crabs, rice fishes, rice loaches and the like, and the rice shrimp comprehensive planting and breeding mode is mainly used and accounts for more than 50% of the rice and fish comprehensive planting and breeding area. Since 2015, the market price of the freshwater crayfish in China is steadily promoted and is driven by market profit-by-profit, the crayfish breeding scale in China is rapidly expanded, the total breeding area reaches 1926 mu m in 2019, the annual output reaches 209 million tons, the market supply-demand relationship tends to be balanced, seasonal supply and demand of commercial shrimps are obvious, the overall price of the commercial shrimps is reduced, particularly, the prices of the shrimp larvae and the small-sized shrimps are low and even lost, the seedling density is difficult to control, the commodity specification is small, the quality is poor, the yield is low and the like in the traditional rice shrimp breeding mode, and the economic benefit is rapidly reduced. The prior art has the following defects: 1. the rice and shrimp breeding mode mainly adopts a rice and shrimp mode, after rice is planted and inserted, the water level of a rice field is low, the air temperature is high, the waterweeds die gradually, the environment of the rice field is not suitable for the growth of crayfishes, and the utilization rate of space-time resources in the next half year of the rice field in the circular ditch is low. 2. The traditional rice shrimp mode has the defects of difficult control of the density of seedlings, more low-quality shrimps, low yield of large-size quality shrimps, low overall market price and low economic benefit. 3. The growth peak of the crayfish is 3-6 months in the last half year, the rice pest and disease damage generation peak period is 8-9 months in the next half year, most crayfish enters a cave to breed and cross summer, few insect eggs are eaten, the biological control effect on pest and disease damage and weeds in a rice field is limited, and the use of herbicides, insecticides and other pesticides in the rice and shrimp field in the next half year is common; 4. after rice is harvested, straws are directly returned to the field, water is deposited and enters winter, the temperature is low, the decomposition is slow, the decomposition of rice stubbles is often prolonged to the next 5 months, the water quality of a shrimp field in the next 5 months is often rapidly deteriorated, and the water quality deterioration and the disease outbreak of lobsters in the next year are one of main reasons.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a comprehensive ecological breeding method for shrimps, soft-shelled turtles, fishes and ducks in a rice field, aiming at solving the problems that the seedling density is difficult to control, the utilization rate of space-time resources in the rice field is low, the biological prevention and control efficiency of plant diseases and insect pests is low, the side effect of returning the whole amount of straws to the field is caused and the like in the traditional rice shrimp breeding mode.

A comprehensive ecological planting and breeding method for shrimps, turtles, fishes and ducks in a rice field is divided into four stages, namely four stages of preparation for the rice field, fish and shrimp polyculture in the rice field, rice, turtles, fishes and ducks in the rice field and stocking the ducks in the rice field;

(1) preparation of rice field

(1.1) open-loop fish collecting pit arranged in the annular groove

Excavating an annular ditch around the rice field, arranging a fish collecting pit at one side of the annular ditch, and positioning the fish collecting pit at a drainage position at the lower part of the annular ditch; the water inlet and the water outlet of the rice field are arranged on diagonal lines, the water inlet is arranged on the ridge, and the water outlet is arranged at the deepest part of the fish collecting pit; food platforms are uniformly distributed in the annular groove; arranging escape-proof walls around the rice field outside the annular trench; arranging a purse net around the fish collecting pit, and arranging a plastic film on the outer side surface of the purse net;

(1.2) cleaning and disinfecting

Adopting the sequence of firstly annular ditch and then field surface, and thoroughly disinfecting the rice field by using massive quicklime;

(1.3) aquatic weed transplantation

In last ten days of 2 months, after clearing and disinfecting the field, 7-10 days, transplanting the elodea nuttallii in the sequence of the annular ditch and the field surface; after the elodea nuttallii survives, applying a compound fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer to promote the growth of aquatic weeds;

(1.4) Water fertilizing

In the middle ten days of 3 months, before the shrimp larvae are put in, the water quality fertilization is carried out by using the amino acid fertilizer water paste 7-10 days;

(2) polyculture of shrimp and fish

In late ten days of 2 months, the water plants survive and turn green, 10 silver carp and bighead carp seeds with the specification of 0.5-1 jin/tail are released in each mu of rice field, and the ratio of the silver carp and bighead carp is 1: 4; firstly, putting 50 carassius auratus gibelio with the specification of 10 carassius auratus gibelio/jin in each mu of rice field, and temporarily culturing and fattening carassius auratus gibelio seeds in a purse net; in 3 months, the daily feeding rate of the crucian is 0.5-1%, and after 4 months, the daily feeding rate of the crucian is 1-2%;

in 3-4 months, keeping the water level at 20-30cm, covering the paddy field with water plants at 20-30%, putting crayfish seedlings at a proper time, and breeding 30-50 jin of crayfish seedlings with the specification of 80-130/jin per mu; feeding the special granulated feed for the crayfish the next day after the crayfish fries are put in, wherein the feeding rate is 1% in 3 months; after 4 months, the daily feeding rate is 2-4%; catching large crayfish and keeping small crayfish 20-30 days after the young crayfish is thrown in, and catching all the commercial crayfish of more than 20g for sale; gradually reducing the water level at the beginning of 6 months, strengthening the crayfish catching, and finishing the crayfish culture in the first 6 months;

in 3 months, using Diatom Wang fertilizer water for 1-2 times; in month 4, keeping the water level at 30-40cm, sprinkling amino acid fertilizer water paste and EM bacteria for 1-2 times, and sprinkling chlorella 4-5kg per mu in the next day; sprinkling with quick lime water in the whole pool for 1 time every 7-10 days; after 5 months, the potassium hydrogen persulfate substrate modifier and the biological substrate modifier taking bacillus and lactic acid bacteria as main components are alternately used for 1 time every 10 days, and the bacillus and photosynthetic bacteria are used for 2-3 times every month;

(3) rice, turtle and fish co-breeding

In the middle ten days of 6 months, after the crayfishes are caught, draining to the water level of 2-3cm on the field surface, carrying out rotary tillage, grass pressing and field flattening on the field surface, transplanting rice seedlings, dividing the field into strips, and arranging a spacing area between every two adjacent strips;

when the seedlings are transplanted, the waterweeds in the annular ditch are thoroughly removed, and the water peanuts or the water hyacinth are transplanted in the annular ditch; when the seedlings survive, the purse net is removed, and the crucian carp enters the annular ditch and the rice field;

in the middle and last ten days of 6 months, after 15 days of transplanting seedlings, 40-60 soft-shelled turtle seedlings with the stocking specification of 400-; feeding the special compound powdery feed for the Chinese soft-shelled turtles, adding water into the feed, kneading the feed into a dough, putting the dough on a bait table at a position close to the water surface, and feeding the feed for 1 time every evening according to 1-3% of the weight of the soft-shelled turtles;

after the turtle seedlings are put in, keeping the water level of the field surface to be 5-10cm, slowly lowering the water surface to an annular ditch when the rice tillers enough seedlings, moderately baking the field for 5-7 days, and gradually raising the water level to be 10-15 cm; in the annular ditch, the potassium hydrogen persulfate substrate modifier and the biological substrate modifier taking bacillus and lactic acid bacteria as main components are alternately used for 1 time every 10 days, and the bacillus or EM bacteria are splashed for 1-2 times or 1-2 times in the annular ditch every month; changing water for the rice field for 1 time every 7-10 days, wherein the water is changed for 20-25% each time; splashing quicklime in the annular groove for 1 time every 15-20 days;

after the turtle fry is thrown, the crucian is not fed, and turtle residual bait, natural bait in the rice field, excrement and the like can be used as bait sources of the crucian;

8-9 months is a peak period of rice insect damage, the water level in the rice field is raised to 30-40cm above the submerged field surface, the water level is kept for 3-4 days, the soft-shelled turtles and the crucian carps enter the rice field to ingest insect eggs and bodies of the pests and rotted leaves of the hay, the plant diseases and insect pests are removed, and the permeability of the rice field is increased;

(4) reap rice and breed duck in free

Before the rice is mature, the water level is reduced to the annular ditch, the fishes and the turtles enter the annular ditch, the rice is harvested, the stubble height of the rice is 10-15cm, and the whole amount of straws is returned to the field;

drying the rice in the sun for 10 days after harvesting, then adding water to submerge the surface of the rice by 60-70cm, and stimulating all the breeding shrimps of the residual crayfish and the bred shrimp seedlings to come out of the holes;

10-15 ducks with the specification of 2-3 jin/tail are stocked per mu, the ducks mainly eat the breeding shrimps, the bred shrimp seedlings and the residual paddy of the crayfish stored in the rice field, and the excrement of the ducks can accelerate the decomposition of the straws;

in 12 months, the ducks are driven out of the rice field, caught and sold on the market, the water in the field is drained, the water is drained to a fish collecting pit, the silver carps, the bighead carps and the crucian carps are firstly caught and sold on the market, finally the water in the fish collecting pit is drained, bottom mud is thoroughly dug, commercial turtles are caught, and the commercial turtles are sold on the market; and after fishing, removing excessive sludge, rotary tillage of the field surface, cleaning the field by using quick lime for sterilization, solarizing for 1-2 months, planting grass in water in 2 months next year, and entering the next ecological efficient planting and breeding cycle.

The technical scheme for further limiting is as follows:

in the step (1), the area of the rice field is 30-40 mu, and the length-width ratio is 2: 1.

In the step (1), the width of the upper part of the annular ditch is 4-5 meters, the width of the lower bottom of the annular ditch is 1-2 meters, the ditch depth is 1.2-1.5 meters, the slope ratio is more than 1:1.2, the width of the ridge is more than 1.5m, and the height of the ridge is 0.6-0.8 m; the escape-proof wall is made of one of a toughened glass plate, a color steel plate and a galvanized plate, the lower end of the escape-proof wall is embedded into the soil by 30-40cm and is tamped, the escape-proof wall is vertical to the top surface of the ridge, the upper end of the escape-proof wall is 50-60cm higher than the top of the ridge, and the escape-proof wall is fixed by support rods at intervals of 0.8-1 m.

In the step (1), the purse seine is a polyethylene net with 20-40 meshes, the height of the purse seine is 1.5-1.6 m, the lower end of the purse seine is buried into the soil by 50cm and is tamped, and the upper end of the purse seine is 1m higher than the top of the ridge.

In the step (1), the feeding table is made of wood boards or asbestos tiles, the length of the feeding table is 1.5-1.8 m, the width of the feeding table is 0.6-0.8m, one end of the feeding table is fixed on a ridge, the other end of the feeding table is immersed in water by 10-15cm, and an angle of 30 degrees is formed between the feeding table and the water surface; the water outlet is sleeved with a shrimp cover with 20-40 meshes.

In the step (3), transplanting rice seedlings according to the row-plant spacing of 30cm multiplied by 20cm, wherein 21 seedlings are planted in each row, a block is reserved between every two blocks, a 50cm space area is reserved between every two blocks, and the seedlings are not planted in the space area, so that the Chinese softshell turtles can conveniently freely enter and exit the rice field.

In the step (3), transplanting a cluster of water peanuts or water hyacinth every 20 meters in the annular ditch, wherein the diameter of each cluster of water peanuts or water hyacinth is 1.5-2 m; and (3) on the 2 nd day after the seedlings are transplanted, 10-15kg of quicklime is used in each mu of annular ditch, and the seedlings are quickly clarified and the water quality is improved.

In the step (3), before breeding, soaking the soft-shelled turtle seedlings in 30 mg/L povidone iodine (containing 1% of effective iodine) solution or 20 mg/L potassium permanganate for 10-20 minutes, and uniformly putting the soft-shelled turtle seedlings in shallow water along the periphery of the rice field to enable the soft-shelled turtle seedlings to automatically climb into the rice field.

In the step (3), after the soft-shelled turtle seedlings are put in, the special compound powdery feed for the Chinese soft-shelled turtles is fed, the feed is kneaded into a dough shape after being added with water and put on a feeding table at a position close to the water surface, and the feed does not submerge into the water; feeding 1 time per evening according to the weight of 1-3% of the soft-shelled turtle; the Chinese soft-shelled turtles also eat live baits such as crayfish stored in the field and worm eggs in the rice field, so that the number of the breeding shrimps stored in the field can be reduced, and preparation is made for putting the shrimp seedlings in the second year; crucian carp is not required to be fed, and residual bait of the soft-shelled turtle, natural bait in a rice field, excrement discharged from the rice field and the like can be used as bait sources of the crucian carp.

In the step (3), after the turtle seedlings are thrown, the water change amount of the rice field each time is 20-25% of the total water amount of the rice field; the amount of the quicklime used in each mu of annular ditch is 10-15 kg.

The beneficial technical effects of the invention are embodied in the following aspects:

1. the invention makes full use of the space-time resources in the rice field, produces diversified agricultural products, makes full use of the space-time resources in the rice field in the next half year on the basis of rice shrimps, increases the yield of high-quality agricultural products such as soft-shelled turtles, fishes, ducks and the like, and has the economic benefit 2-3 times of the original rice shrimp breeding mode.

2. By arranging the purse net at one end of the rice field and temporarily culturing the crucian seeds, the problem of contradiction between crucian and crayfish culture in the last half year is effectively solved.

3. The seedling density is reduced as much as possible by feeding the soft-shelled turtles and the ducks to store the shrimps, and a good foundation is laid for controlling the shrimp seedling density in the next year and breeding the large-size quality shrimps.

4. The crayfish control method overcomes the defect that the crayfish has limited pest and disease damage and weed control effects on the next half year rice field, and mainly adopts the Chinese soft-shelled turtles and the fish to control worm eggs, worm bodies, dead branches, hay and the like, so that the permeability of the rice field is improved, the occurrence of pest and disease damage is reduced, compared with the original rice and shrimp mode, the use of pesticides is further reduced, even no pesticide is applied, and the quality safety and quality of rice, shrimps, soft-shelled turtles and fish are improved.

5. The turtle eats a part of crayfish stored in the field and converts the crayfish into a high-quality turtle product; after 10 months, the turtles are dormant in a closed manner along with the reduction of the air temperature, the lobsters are fully irrigated to stimulate the lobsters entering the holes to enter the rice field, and the remaining lobsters and the bred shrimp fries are converted into high-quality duck meat and fish meat in a mode that ducks are raised and crucian carps stored in the rice field eat seedlings stored in the rice field, so that the excessive seedlings stored in the rice field can be effectively removed, high-quality turtles, ducks and fish products can be added, and the quality improvement and synergy effects are remarkable.

6. Through stirring water quality in the field by the ducks, dissolved oxygen is increased, excrement is discharged, a water body nitrogen source is increased, straw decomposition in the rice field is accelerated, the straw problem in the rice field is solved as much as possible in the next year, and water quality deterioration, disease outbreak of crayfish and the like caused by rice stubble decomposition in the next year are effectively prevented.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a view showing the structure of a paddy field.

Sequence numbers in the upper figure: rice field 1, annular ditch 2, field 3, seedling 4, purse seine 5, fish gathering pit 6.

Detailed Description

The invention will now be further described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Examples

The comprehensive ecological planting and breeding test demonstration area of the rice fields, namely shrimps, turtles, fishes and ducks, in Taihu lake county of Anhui province is 70 mu, and the area of each rice field is 34 mu and 36 mu respectively.

Preparation of rice field

1. Fish collecting pit with annular ditch

(1) Excavating circular trench

An annular ditch 2 is excavated along the periphery of the rice field, the upper bottom of the annular ditch 2 is 4 meters wide, the lower bottom of the annular ditch 2 is 1 meter wide and 1.2 meters deep, the slope ratio is 1:1.2, the ridge width is 1.5m, and the ridge height is 0.8 m. And (3) excavating a fish collecting pit 6 with the depth of 2 meters at one end of the short ridge of the rice field, wherein the area of the fish collecting pit 6 is 500 square meters.

(2) Escape-proof wall

The anti-escape plastic film is arranged around the ridge, the lower end of the anti-escape plastic film is buried in the soil by 40cm and is tamped, the anti-escape wall is vertical to the ridge surface, the upper end of the anti-escape plastic film is 60cm higher than the ridge surface, the anti-escape wall is supported and fixed by small bamboo rods every 1m, no gap is left at joints, and the four corners and the turning positions are made into arc shapes.

(3) Purse seine is supported temporarily to fingerling

The purse seine 5 is arranged along the periphery of the fish collecting pit 6, the purse seine 5 is made of polyethylene net sheets with 20-40 meshes, the height of the purse seine is 1.5m, the bottom end of the purse seine is buried in the soil by 50cm and is tamped, the upper end of the purse seine is 1m higher than the surface of the field, and the upper end of the outer side of the purse seine is sewn with a plastic film of 20 cm.

(4) Food table

In the annular ditch 2, asbestos tiles are arranged every 20 meters, the width of each asbestos tile is 0.7m, the length of each asbestos tile is 1.8m, one end of each asbestos tile is fixed on the ridge, the other end of each asbestos tile is immersed in water for 15cm, and the dining table and the water surface form an angle of 30 degrees.

(5) Water intake and drainage system

According to the principle of up-filling and down-discharging, the water inlet and outlet are arranged on the diagonal, the water inlet is arranged on the ridge, the water outlet is arranged at the deepest part of the fish collecting pit 6, the water inlet is sleeved with a double-layer filtering and screening silk net with 80 meshes, and the water outlet is sleeved with a shrimp cover with 20-40 meshes.

2. Cleaning and sterilizing

In the year 2020, 1 month and 10 days, the water injection depth in the annular ditch 2 is 10-20cm, and 700kg of quicklime and 1500kg of quicklime powder sprayed on the field surface are used for cleaning and disinfecting the annular ditches 2 of the two rice fields.

3. Aquatic plant transplantation

And 2, 5 days in 2 months in 2020, adding 10cm of water into the annular ditch 2, and transplanting a group of elodea nutans every 15 m, wherein the diameter of the grass group of the elodea nutans is 20-30 cm. And on 12-13 days after 2 months, gradually adding water level to 5-10cm of the surface of the submerged field, and transplanting the waterweeds on the surface of the field according to the plant-row spacing of 8m by 10 m, wherein the diameter of the grass mass of the waterweeds is 20-30 cm. And 2, 16 days per month, 140kg of compound fertilizer and 200kg of phosphate fertilizer are applied to the whole field.

4. Fertilizer water

In 2020, 3, 15 days, 100kg of amino acid fertilizer water paste is sprinkled in the whole field.

Second, polyculture of shrimp and fish in rice field

1. Fry stocking and temporary rearing

150 silver carp seeds and 600 bighead carp seeds with the specifications of 0.5-1 jin/tail are bred in the rice field in 2 and 25 months in 2020; the carassius auratus gibelio fingerlings with the specification of 10 fish/jin are put in the fish collecting pits 6 of the rice field purse seine, 348 jin are raised temporarily and fattened.

2. Stocking shrimp larvae

And 3, 23-28 days in 2020, stocking 2800 jin of shrimp seedlings with the specification of 80-130 tails/jin, and uniformly throwing the shrimp seedlings along the periphery of the rice field and shallow water on the field surface.

3. Feeding fodder

Feeding the special granulated feed for the crayfish the next day after the young crayfish is fed, wherein the feeding rate is 1% in 3 months, and the feed is fed by 0.25-0.5kg every day; after 4 months and after the lobster culture is finished, the daily feeding rate is 2-4%, 0.5-2.5kg of feed is fed per mu every day, and the lobsters are fed uniformly in the whole field. Feeding the crucian in 3 months according to the daily feeding rate of 0.5-1%, feeding the crucian in 4 months according to the daily feeding rate of 1-2%, feeding the crucian in a purse net, sampling the crucian every week, weighing the weight of the crucian, and adjusting the feeding amount according to the weight of the crucian and the feeding condition of the crucian.

4. Water quality regulation

Maintaining the water level at 20-30cm in 3 months, and fertilizing with diatom for 2 times, wherein 1.5kg of diatom fertilizer is used per mu each time; in month 4, keeping the water level at 30-40cm, sprinkling amino acid and EM for 2 times, using 1kg of amino acid and EM for each acre, and sprinkling 4kg of chlorella for each acre in the next day; and splashing quicklime in the whole pool for 1 time every 10 days, wherein the dosage of the quicklime is 2kg each time, and splashing lime in the whole pool after water melting. After 5 months, every 10 days, 300g of the hydrogen potassium persulfate substrate modifying agent and 300g of the biological substrate modifying agent taking bacillus and lactic acid bacteria as main components are alternately used for each mu, the bacillus and the photosynthetic bacteria are used for 2-3 times per month, and 3 jin is used for each mu each time; the water quality is kept good.

5. Catching commercial shrimp

Starting at 25 days after 4 months, arranging large land cages with the mesh size of 3.5cm on the field surface and small land cages with the mesh size of more than 10 meters and the ring ditch with the mesh size of about 4 meters, arranging 3 large land cages and 2 small land cages per mu, catching large shrimps and keeping small shrimps, and fishing all commercial shrimps of more than 20g to go to the market; and (4) gradually reducing the water level at 8 days in 6 months to enhance the crayfish catching, and ending the crayfish culture at 12 days in 6 months.

Three-step, rice, turtle and fish co-breeding

1. Transplanting of rice seedlings

Draining water to the water level of 2-3cm in 6 months and 12 days after the crayfishes are caught and 13-14 days after catching, and carrying out rotary tillage, grass pressing and field flattening on the field surface; and 6, 15-18 days in 6 months, selecting two excellent 688 rice seedlings, transplanting the seedlings 4 according to the row-plant distance of 30cm by 20cm, wherein each row of the seedlings 21 is a strip, and a 50cm interval is reserved between each strip and each block.

2. Treatment of aquatic weeds

And (4) completely removing the elodea nutans in the shrimp ditches within 6 months and 15-18 days, transplanting the alternanthera nutans in the shrimp ditches, and transplanting a group of alternanthera nutans with the diameter of about 2m every 20 m.

3. Net-detaching fish

10-15kg of quicklime is used for each mu of annular ditch 2 for 6 months and 20 days, so that the water quality is rapidly clarified and improved; and (5) removing the temporary culture purse seine 5 after 6 months and 25 days, and allowing crucian seeds to enter the annular ditch 2 and the rice field.

4. Stocking of soft-shelled turtle seedlings

And 5, putting 2800 soft-shelled turtle seedlings with the specification of 400-.

5. Feeding fodder

The special compound powdery feed for the Chinese softshell turtles is mainly fed, the feed is added with water and kneaded into a dough shape, and the dough is put on a bait table at a position close to the water surface (the feed is not submerged). Feeding 15-60kg per day according to 1-3% of the weight of the soft-shelled turtle, and feeding 1 time per evening.

6. Water quality regulation

After the turtle seedlings are put in, the water level of the field surface is kept to be 5cm, when the rice tillers enough seedlings, the rice slowly descends to the annular ditch 2 after 7 months and 20 days, moderate field baking is carried out, and after the field is baked, the water level is gradually increased to 10-15 cm. In the annular ditch 2, every 10 days, 300g of the hydrogen potassium persulfate substrate modifier 200-300g and the biological substrate modifier 200-300g taking bacillus and lactic acid bacteria as main components are alternately used in each mu, the bacillus and the photosynthetic bacteria are used for 2-3 times every month, and 2-3 jin are used in each mu each time; the water is changed for 1 time every 7 days, and the water is changed for about 20 percent each time. Keep water quality alive and tender. And splashing quicklime for 1 time in the annular groove 2 every 15 days, wherein 10kg of quicklime is used in each mu of annular groove 2.

7. Rice pest control

And (3) adding water into the rice field for submerging the surface of the rice field for 30-40cm for 8 months and 13-15 days, keeping for 3 days, allowing the soft-shelled turtles and the crucian carps to enter the rice field to ingest rice disease worm eggs, worm bodies, rotted leaves of the hay and the like, removing plant diseases and insect pests, increasing the permeability of the rice field and enhancing the disease resistance of the rice. In the whole breeding process, no rice diseases occur and no pesticide is used.

Fourthly, harvesting the rice and catching

1. Rice harvesting

And (3) 10 months, gradually lowering the water to the annular groove 2, allowing the fishes and the turtles to enter the annular groove 2, and harvesting the rice by adopting a harvester, wherein the stubble height of the rice is 10cm, and the total amount of the straws is returned to the field after 10 months and 25 days.

2. Adding water

After harvesting, drying the rice in the sun for 7 days, and adding water to submerge the surface of the rice by 70 cm.

3. Stocking and capturing ducks for sale

1000 ducks with the specification of 1-1.5 kg/tail are released and raised in 26 days in 10 months, the ducks feed crayfishes and the rest paddy in the rice field, and no feed is fed.

After 12 months and 10 days, catching the ducks for sale, draining the water in the field, and draining the water to a fish collecting pit 6; fishing the spotted silver carp and the crucian carp for 12 months and 13-14 days to go to the market; 12 months and 16 days, draining the water in the fish collecting pit 6, thoroughly digging bottom mud, catching commercial soft-shelled turtles, and selling the soft-shelled turtles on the market; and finishing the comprehensive ecological breeding of the shrimps, the soft-shelled turtles, the fishes and the ducks in the rice field after 20 days in 12 months. After fishing is finished, removing excessive sludge, rotary tillage of the field surface, cleaning the field with quicklime for disinfection, and solarizing for 1-2 months; in the next 2 months, the grass is planted in the water, and the next ecological high-efficiency planting and breeding cycle is started.

Claims

1. A comprehensive ecological planting and breeding method for paddy field shrimps, turtles, fishes and ducks is characterized in that: the method comprises four stages of rice field preparation, rice field fish and shrimp polyculture, rice, soft-shelled turtle and fish co-culture and rice harvesting and breeding of ducks;

(1) preparation of rice field

(1.1) open-loop fish collecting pit arranged in the annular groove

(1.2) cleaning and disinfecting

(1.3) aquatic weed transplantation

(1.4) Water fertilizing

(2) polyculture of shrimp and fish

In late ten days of 2 months, the water plants survive and turn green, 10 silver carp and bighead carp seeds with the specification of 0.5-1 jin/tail are released in each mu of rice field, and the matching ratio of the silver carp and the bighead carp is 1: 4; firstly, putting 50 carassius auratus gibelio with the specification of 10 carassius auratus gibelio/jin in each mu of rice field, and temporarily culturing and fattening carassius auratus gibelio seeds in a purse net; in 3 months, the daily feeding rate of the crucian is 0.5-1%, and after 4 months, the daily feeding rate of the crucian is 1-2%;

in 3 months, using Diatom Wang fertilizer water for 1-2 times; in month 4, keeping the water level at 30-40cm, sprinkling amino acid fertilizer water paste and EM bacteria for 1-2 times, and sprinkling chlorella 4-5kg per mu in the next day; sprinkling with quick lime water in the whole pool for 1 time every 7-10 days; after 5 months, every 10 days, 300g of hydrogen potassium persulfate substrate modifier 200-300g and the biological substrate modifier 200-300g taking bacillus and lactic acid bacteria as main components are alternately used for each mu, the bacillus and the photosynthetic bacteria are alternately used for 2-3 times every month, and 2-3 jin are used for each mu each time;

(3) rice, turtle and fish co-breeding

after the turtle seedlings are put in, keeping the water level of the field surface at 5-10cm, slowly lowering the water surface into the annular ditch when the rice tillers enough seedlings, and carrying out moderate field baking for 5-7 days; then, gradually raising the water level to 10-15 cm; in the annular ditch, the potassium hydrogen persulfate substrate modifier and the biological substrate modifier taking bacillus and lactic acid bacteria as main components are alternately used for 1 time every 10 days, and the bacillus or EM bacteria are splashed for 1-2 times or 1-2 times in the annular ditch every month; changing water for the rice field for 1 time every 7-10 days, wherein the water is changed for 20% each time; splashing quicklime in the annular groove for 1 time every 15-20 days;

after the turtle fry is thrown, the crucian is not fed, and turtle residual bait, excrement, natural bait in a rice field and the like can be used as bait sources of the crucian;

(4) reap rice and breed duck in free

drying the rice in the sun for 7-10 days after harvesting, adding water to submerge the surface of the rice by 60-70cm, and stimulating all the breeding shrimps of the remaining crayfish and the bred shrimp seedlings to come out of the holes;

10-15 ducks with the specification of 2-3 jin/tail are stocked per mu, the ducks mainly eat the seedlings of crayfish and residual rice stored in the rice field, and the excrement of the ducks can accelerate the decomposition of straws;

in 12 months, the ducks are driven out of the rice field, caught and sold in the market, the water in the field is drained, the water is drained to a fish collecting pit, the silver carps and the crucian carps are firstly caught and sold in the market, finally the water in the fish collecting pit is drained, bottom mud is thoroughly dug, the turtles are caught, and the turtles are sold in the market; and after fishing, removing excessive sludge, rotary tillage of the field surface, cleaning the field by using quick lime for sterilization, solarizing for 1-2 months, planting grass in water in 2 months next year, and entering the next ecological efficient planting and breeding cycle.

2. The comprehensive ecological planting and breeding method for the paddy fields, the shrimps, the soft-shelled turtles, the ducks and the like as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step (1), the area of the rice field is 30-40 mu, and the length-width ratio is 2: 1.

3. The comprehensive ecological planting and breeding method for the paddy fields, the shrimps, the soft-shelled turtles, the ducks and the like as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step (1), the width of the upper part of the annular ditch is 4-5 meters, the width of the lower bottom of the annular ditch is 1-2 meters, the ditch depth is 1.2-1.5 meters, the slope ratio is more than 1:1.2, the width of the ridge is more than 1.5m, and the height of the ridge is 0.6-0.8 m; the escape-proof wall is made of one of a toughened glass plate, a color steel plate and a galvanized plate, the lower end of the escape-proof wall is embedded into the soil by 30-40cm and is tamped, the escape-proof wall is vertical to the top surface of the ridge, the upper end of the escape-proof wall is 50-60cm higher than the top of the ridge, and the escape-proof wall is fixed by support rods at intervals of 0.8-1 m.

4. The comprehensive ecological planting and breeding method for the paddy fields, the shrimps, the soft-shelled turtles, the ducks and the like as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step (1), the purse seine is a polyethylene net with 20-40 meshes, the height of the purse seine is 1.5-1.6 m, the lower end of the purse seine is buried into the soil by 50cm and is tamped, and the upper end of the purse seine is 1m higher than the top of the ridge.

5. The comprehensive ecological planting and breeding method for the paddy fields, the shrimps, the soft-shelled turtles, the ducks and the like as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step (1), the feeding table is made of wood boards or asbestos tiles, the length of the feeding table is 1.5-1.8 m, the width of the feeding table is 0.6-0.8m, one end of the feeding table is fixed on a ridge, the other end of the feeding table is immersed in water by 10-15cm, and an angle of 30 degrees is formed between the feeding table and the water surface; the water outlet is sleeved with a shrimp cover with 20-40 meshes.

6. The comprehensive ecological planting and breeding method for the paddy fields, the shrimps, the soft-shelled turtles, the ducks and the like as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step (3), transplanting rice seedlings according to the row-plant spacing of 30cm multiplied by 20cm, wherein 21 seedlings are planted in each row, a block is reserved between every two blocks, a 50cm space area is reserved between every two blocks, and the seedlings are not planted in the space area, so that the Chinese softshell turtles can conveniently freely enter and exit the rice field.

7. The comprehensive ecological planting and breeding method for the paddy fields, the shrimps, the soft-shelled turtles, the ducks and the like as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step (3), transplanting a cluster of water peanuts or water hyacinth every 20 meters in the annular ditch, wherein the diameter of each cluster of water peanuts or water hyacinth is 1.5-2 m; and (3) on the 2 nd day after the seedlings are transplanted, 10-15kg of quicklime is used in each mu of annular ditch, and the seedlings are quickly clarified and the water quality is improved.

8. The comprehensive ecological planting and breeding method for the paddy fields, the shrimps, the soft-shelled turtles, the ducks and the like as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step (3), before breeding the soft-shelled turtle seedlings, 30 mg/L povidone iodine (containing 1% of effective iodine) solution or 20 mg/L potassium permanganate solution is used for immersion bath for 10-20 minutes, and the soft-shelled turtle seedlings are uniformly placed in shallow water along the periphery of the rice field and are allowed to climb into the rice field by themselves.

9. The comprehensive ecological planting and breeding method for the paddy fields, the shrimps, the soft-shelled turtles, the ducks and the like as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step (3), after the soft-shelled turtle seedlings are put in, the special compound powdery feed for the Chinese soft-shelled turtles is fed, the feed is kneaded into a dough shape after being added with water and put on a feeding table at a position close to the water surface, and the feed does not submerge into the water; feeding 1 time per evening according to the weight of 1-3% of the soft-shelled turtle; the Chinese soft-shelled turtles also eat live baits such as crayfish stored in the field and worm eggs in the rice field, so that the number of the breeding shrimps stored in the field can be reduced, and preparation is made for putting the shrimp seedlings in the second year; crucian carp is not required to be fed, and residual bait of the soft-shelled turtle, natural bait in a rice field, excrement discharged from the rice field and the like can be used as bait sources of the crucian carp.

10. The comprehensive ecological planting and breeding method for the paddy fields, the shrimps, the soft-shelled turtles, the ducks and the like as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step (3), after the turtle seedlings are thrown, the water change amount of the rice field each time is 20-25% of the total water amount of the rice field; the amount of the quicklime used in each mu of annular ditch is 10-15 kg.