CN112930890B

CN112930890B - Strawberry stolon traction and cutting composite seedling culture method

Info

Publication number: CN112930890B
Application number: CN202110148041.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李邵; 齐飞; 刘杰; 侯永; 田婧; 高洪波; 鲁少尉; 刘雅青; 裴庆余; 丁小明; 尹义蕾
Original assignee: Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering MARA
Current assignee: Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering MARA
Priority date: 2021-02-03
Filing date: 2021-02-03
Publication date: 2022-10-14
Anticipated expiration: 2041-02-03
Also published as: CN112930890A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly discloses a method for culturing strawberry stolon seedlings by traction and cuttage in a composite mode. The method comprises the following steps: root control treatment of stolon buds: after the root of the creeping shoot bud newly generated by the strawberry mother plant has root bud outcrop, wrapping the base by using a shading and moisturizing wrapping material, and controlling the growth and aging of the root bud; taking the cutting seedling: and (3) within 10 days before cuttage, keeping the humidity of the wrapping material at more than 70%, and separating the stolon buds from the strawberry mother plant to obtain cuttage seedlings for cuttage after the root systems of the stolon buds grow to 0.8-1.2 cm. The seedling raising method of the invention ensures that the root age and uniformity of the seedling are consistent, the cuttage survival rate and the seedling quality are high, and the intensive production of the strawberry seedling can be realized.

Description

Strawberry stolon traction and cutting compound seedling raising method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a method for culturing strawberry stolon seedlings by traction and cuttage in a composite mode.

Background

The common seedling raising method of the strawberries comprises seed, plant division, stolon traction propagation, tissue culture and the like, and the stolon traction propagation method is commonly used in the production at present. The method for towing and breeding the stolons has the major defects that seedling ages of all levels of stolons are irregular, the seedling age is long, root systems are aged seriously and the color of roots is blackened because the first level of stolons are towed and pricked after being pulled and planted for about 3 months, and the blackened root systems are rotted to breed germs and have the risks of anthracnose and epidemic diseases, and the problem that flower buds are not differentiated neatly or too slowly can also exist after being planted; the production operation of the traction seedling raising has the advantages of more dispersed labor use, lower production management efficiency and higher labor cost; meanwhile, the conventional stolon stem substrate is used for traction seedling raising, the root substrate block is large, the cost is high in long-distance transportation of commercial seedlings, and the survival rate and the risk and the problem of seedling revival during field planting exist if the substrate is removed. At present, the application of strawberry cutting seedling is reported in production, but the seedling taking time, the seedling taking technology and the cutting technology of the current cutting technology lack unified standards, the cutting survival rate and the seedling quality are not high and unstable, and the intensive and efficient seedling of the strawberries is difficult to realize.

In the method for cultivating the strawberry seedlings by layered traction as disclosed in the Chinese patent 201110189961.8, stolons at all levels of strawberries need to be heeled in by using a substrate, so that stolons at different levels or seedlings heeled in at different times have larger seedling age difference, and the production and management cost and labor input are increased. As mentioned in CN 108770515A, the risk of pathogen infection is increased sharply in practical production due to wound healing, the stolons grow continuously, when the 2 leaves and 1 heart of the removed seedling are 1, the front end seedling generally has 1 leaf and 1 heart, and when the stolons are damaged, the stolons bud at the front end will lack water to wither or grow abnormally.

Therefore, a seedling culture method which can combine the advantages of stolon traction seedling culture and stolon cutting seedling culture and avoid the disadvantages of the stolon traction seedling culture and the stolon cutting seedling culture is needed to be provided efficiently.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a strawberry compound seedling raising method which has consistent seedling root age and uniformity and high cuttage survival rate and seedling quality.

In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a method for composite seedling culture of strawberry stolons by traction and cuttage comprises the following steps:

root control treatment of stolon buds: after the root of the creeping shoot bud newly generated by the strawberry mother plant has root bud outcrop, wrapping the base by using a shading and moisturizing wrapping material, and controlling the growth and aging of the root bud;

taking the cutting seedling: and (3) within 10 days before cuttage, keeping the humidity of the wrapping material at more than 70%, and separating the stolon buds from the strawberry mother plant to obtain cuttage seedlings for cuttage after the root systems of the stolon buds grow to 0.8-1.2 cm.

According to the method, the stolon shoots of different levels are subjected to specific root control treatment and then are subjected to cuttage together with the wrapping material, so that the seedling age can be artificially controlled through unified cuttage seedling culture, the uniformity of the strawberry field planting seedlings and the uniformity of flower bud differentiation are realized, and the industrial production is facilitated.

The invention also finds that when the water content of the root system wrapping material is kept above 70% (100% at most) during seedling taking, the root system can be promoted to grow at a proper speed, the growth effect after subsequent cuttage can be ensured, and the efficiency of the whole seedling raising process can be improved.

In addition, after the root system grows to 0.8-1.2cm, the root system of the cuttage seedling processed by the method can be ensured to be well contacted with the cuttage matrix after cuttage, so that the survival rate after cuttage is improved, the condition that the root system of the cuttage seedling is broken or damaged in cuttage due to too long root system can be avoided, the survival rate is ensured, and the risk of pest and disease infection is reduced.

In the present invention, the emergence of the root bud means that the root bud grows but does not elongate (white). The wrapping material may be held directly by clips or staples while wrapping the base.

The method also comprises the steps of removing the first stolon extracted from the strawberry mother plant and carrying out root control treatment on stolon buds on the follow-up newly-generated stolons.

The method can accumulate nutrition in the mother plant, so that the stolons are branched into two branches at the first stage, and the seedling culture coefficient is increased.

In the invention, after the cutting seedling is taken, the method also comprises a cutting seedling processing step, wherein the cutting seedling processing step specifically comprises the following steps: and reserving 2cm at the end of the creeping stem bud close to the strawberry mother plant, reserving within 0.5cm at the other end, and reserving 1.5 leaves. I.e. one freshly grown leaflet, and the adjacent large leaflet, the outward leaflets are all removed.

The total length of the cutting seedlings does not exceed 2.5cm, and the cutting operation and the direction confirmation during field planting can be facilitated.

In the invention, the wrapping material is non-woven fabric or cotton strip, the length is 2-8 cm, and the width is 1-2 cm. The material is simple and easy to obtain, and the operation is convenient.

In the invention, the relative water content of the wrapping material is kept above 70% before cuttage. So as to be beneficial to promoting the growth and development of root systems at the base parts of the cutting seedlings.

The invention also comprises the step of refrigerating the cutting seedlings at 5 ℃ for more than 8 hours and then cutting.

The method specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) Managing strawberry stock plants: after the strawberry stock plant is fixedly planted, carrying out conventional production management to ensure that stolons and stolon buds are generated;

(2) Timely removing the first stolon extracted from the strawberry mother plant;

(3) Removing bracts of the stolon buds at any time in the continuous pumping process, keeping one leaf for one heart, and removing redundant leaves;

the method can effectively reduce aphid parasitism, reduce nutrient consumption and increase the thickness of stem buds.

(4) Root control treatment of stolon buds: when the base parts of the stolon buds are exposed to the white, the base parts of the stolon buds are wrapped by a shading and moisturizing wrapping material, and water spraying and moisturizing are not carried out before seedling taking and cutting are carried out for 10 days;

(5) Taking the cutting seedling: spraying water to the base of each creeping stem bud 10 days before cuttage, keeping the humidity of the wrapping material above 70%, and cutting off each stage of creeping stem buds by using a disinfection tool after the root system of the creeping stem buds grows to 0.8-1.2cm for cuttage;

(6) Treating cutting seedlings: reserving 2cm at the end of the creeping shoot close to the mother plant of the strawberry, reserving less than 0.5cm at the other end, and reserving 1.5 leaves to obtain a cutting seedling; then washing, soaking, disinfecting, draining, bagging, refrigerating at 5 ℃ for more than 8 hours, and then cutting the cutting seedlings;

(7) Cutting and seedling raising: and (4) inserting the cutting seedlings treated in the step (6) and the wrapping materials into seedling culture hole trays or nutrition bowls in a cuttage mode, and performing seedling culture management for 15-20 days. The seedlings can be grown and used as commercial production seedlings.

In the invention, the treatment after obtaining the cutting seedling comprises the following specific steps: washing the pruned cutting seedlings with running water for 2 minutes, putting the cutting seedlings into a soaking bucket for soaking and sterilizing for 5 minutes (the soaking solution is 2000 times of amisida), draining water after soaking, and filling the cutting seedlings into a clean plastic bag. The cold storage treatment is carried out in a refrigerator with the temperature of 5 ℃ and the temperature is kept for more than 8 hours. The stolons processed at low temperature have high survival rate.

The seedling raising method does not need to use a matrix for temporary planting, and all the seedlings growing on the stolons can be reserved. And concentrated cuttage can be carried out according to the planting time, and the strawberry seedlings after cuttage cultivation can be used as production seedlings.

In the invention, the seedling management comprises the following steps:

(1) managing within one week of cuttage: watering once a day with the humidity of the greenhouse above 90 percent, watering at the top part at the temperature of 20-28 ℃, and keeping the shading rate at 85-90 percent;

(2) the watering at night is avoided, and the leaves can not drop water after sunset; to reduce fungal and bacterial diseases;

(3) gradually increasing illumination and reducing humidity within one to two weeks of cuttage, and if leaf wilting is found, increasing humidity and shading rate;

(4) and after two weeks of cuttage, normally managing according to the seedling stage.

In the invention, when the management is normally carried out according to the seedling stage, drip irrigation can be used for ensuring watering; timely fertilizing, spraying a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer once in 7 days or applying a controlled release fertilizer to each seedling, wherein the mass ratio of N, P, K in the water-soluble fertilizer is 1:1: the EC value of 1,1 is controlled to be 0.75-0.85ms/cm, and the fertilizer efficiency of the controlled release fertilizer is 1 month.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the strawberry compound seedling culture method specifically comprises the steps of shading, moisturizing and wrapping the stolon buds generated by the strawberry mother plants, and performing management before seedling picking of the stolon buds, seedling picking and stolon bud treatment after seedling picking according to the cutting seedling time. And carrying out corresponding environmental management after cuttage.

The compound seedling culture method can keep all stolon shoot buds generated on the mother plant, and the root control treatment mode can obviously promote the primary stolon shoot buds to sprout 1-2 secondary stolon shoot buds, so that the new stolon shoots grow exponentially, the efficiency of strawberry seedling culture is greatly improved, compared with the traditional traction and cutting seedling culture mode, the seedling culture rate can be improved by more than 20 percent, and the cutting survival rate reaches more than 95 percent; the compound seedling culture method can artificially control the root age (namely the seedling age), the seedling age can be artificially controlled by uniformly cutting and culturing seedlings, the seedling age is controlled within 70 days, the cutting time is calculated by the planting time, the fixed-planted strawberry seedlings are uniform, and the flower bud differentiation of the strawberries is more uniform; the composite seedling raising method can be used for picking seedlings and cutting at any time without additional manual management intervention on stolons, and the seedlings are very convenient to transport after cutting and picking treatment, so that the on-site cutting can be conveniently carried out in advance in a production place, and the seedling raising efficiency, the convenience degree and the production planting survival rate are improved; the compound seedling culture method does not damage stolons in advance, greatly reduces the infection rate of strawberry seedling germs, and is beneficial to culture of high-quality aseptic original seedlings; the composite seedling method is suitable for various strawberry seedling production facilities and equipment, greatly improves the intensive strawberry seedling efficiency, and saves the production management cost and the labor cost.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for growing seedlings of strawberry stolons by traction and cutting in a composite manner according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the strawberry stolon shoot growth management of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a top view of the stolon shoots before treatment according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the stolon shoots of the present invention after treatment;

in the drawings: 1. a strawberry stock plant; 2. stolons; 3. first-stage stolon shoots; 4. secondary stolon shoots; 5. tertiary stolon buds; 6. stolon root system; 7. wrapping materials (light-shielding, moisture-retaining materials); 8. a securing device (clips or staples).

Detailed Description

The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples. It is to be understood that the following examples are given for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and alterations of this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention.

The experimental procedures used in the following examples are all conventional procedures unless otherwise specified. Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

Example 1

The embodiment provides a method for cultivating strawberry stolon traction and cutting composite seedlings. Test site: hebei Yongqing county, the test period is 4 months, 15 days to 8 months, 5 days. The flow chart is schematically shown in figure 1. The schematic diagram of the strawberry stolon shoot growth management is shown in figure 2. The top view of the stolon buds before treatment is shown in figure 3. The perspective view of the stolon buds after treatment is shown in figure 4.

Planting and managing strawberry stock plants: the fragrant and wild variety strawberry mother plant 1 is subjected to normal seedling production management to generate stolons 2 (the first stolons which are extracted from the strawberry mother plant are removed in time and do not remain) and stolons at all levels (first-level stolons 3, second-level stolons 4 and third-level stolons 5).

Stolon management: in the continuous pumping process of the stolon shoots, bracts of the stolon shoots are removed at any time, one leaf is kept for one heart, and redundant leaves are removed.

Wrapping the base of the creeping shoot with a light-shading and moisture-preserving wrapping material 7 after the base of the newly grown creeping shoot has a shoot head, and controlling the growth and aging of the root shoot;

in this embodiment, the wrapping material 7 is a non-woven fabric, has a length of 7-8 cm and a width of 1-2 cm, and is fixed by a fixing device 8. The fixing means 8 in this embodiment are staples.

The wrapped stolon shoot does not need to be sprayed with water for moisturizing before 10 days of seedling taking and cuttage.

Stolon seedling taking: and (3) spraying water to the bases (wrapping material positions) of all the stolon buds 10 days before cuttage, keeping the humidity above 70%, and cutting off all levels of stolon buds by using a disinfection tool for cuttage when root systems 6 of the stolon buds grow to about 1 cm.

Treating the cutting seedlings: and (3) reserving 2cm of stolon buds close to the end of the mother seedling, so that the direction is convenient to confirm in the cuttage operation and the field planting, keeping 1.5 leaves, namely a small leaf which just grows out and adjacent large leaves, and completely removing the outward leaves, wherein the length of the other side is within 0.5 cm.

Then, carrying out disinfection treatment: washing the pruned cutting seedlings with running water for 2 minutes, putting the cutting seedlings into a soaking bucket for soaking and sterilizing for 5 minutes (the soaking solution is 2000 times of amisida), draining water after soaking, and filling the cutting seedlings into a clean plastic bag. Placing in a refrigerator at 5 deg.C for cold storage, standing for more than 8 hr, and cutting, wherein the stolons processed at low temperature have high survival rate.

Cuttage: and cutting the treated cutting seedlings and the wrapping materials 7 in a nutrition pot.

And (3) seedling production management after cuttage:

managing within one week of cuttage: the humidity of the greenhouse is above 90%, watering is carried out once a day, watering is carried out at the top part, the temperature is between 20 and 28 ℃, and the shading rate is about 90%. Avoiding watering in the evening and avoiding water drops on the leaves after sunset. Within one to two weeks of cuttage, the main roots are already around 5cm, the illumination can be gradually increased, the humidity can be reduced, and if leaf wilting is found, the humidity and the shading rate can be increased. After two weeks of cuttage, the management can be normally carried out according to the seedling stage. At this time, the main root is above 10cm, and watering is ensured. And (3) fertilizing in time, spraying a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer once in 7 days (N: P: K = 1.

Comparative example 1

The comparative example adopts the same mode as the example 1 to plant and manage the strawberry mother plants, the stolon seedling taking mode and the seedling treatment to be cut are adopted, the cutting mode and the management after cutting are the same as the example 1, and the difference is that: during stolon management, shading and moisturizing treatment is not carried out on the base of stolon buds.

Comparative example 2

The comparative example performs planting and management of strawberry mother plants in the same manner as in example 1, and the stolon management manner, seedling taking manner, cutting manner and post-cutting management are the same as in example 1, except that: and when the cutting seedlings are to be treated, the stolon buds are not refrigerated.

Comparative example 3

The comparative example adopts the same manner as the example 1 to plant and manage the strawberry mother plants, and the seedling taking manner, the treatment of the seedlings to be cut, the cutting manner and the management after cutting are the same as the example 1, and the differences are only that: during stolon management, 1-leaf and 1-heart treatment is not carried out on stolon buds, and 2-leaf and 1-heart or 3-leaf and 1-heart treatment is instead carried out.

Experimental example 1

The experimental example makes statistics on the planting results of example 1 and comparative examples 1-3. Specific results are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1

As can be seen from Table 1, the cutting survival rate and the single plant propagation coefficient of example 1 are higher than those of

comparative columns

1, 2 and 3. Is more beneficial to the cutting intensive seedling raising of the strawberries.

Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all such modifications and alterations be included within the scope of this invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for growing seedlings of strawberry stolons by traction and cutting in a composite mode is characterized by comprising the following steps:

root control treatment of stolon buds: after the root of the creeping stem bud newly generated by the strawberry mother plant has root bud outcrop, wrapping the base by using a shading and moisturizing wrapping material, and controlling the growth and aging of the root bud without spraying water for moisturizing before 10 days of seedling picking and cutting;

taking the cutting seedling: keeping the humidity of the wrapping material above 70% within 10 days before cuttage, and separating the stolon buds from the strawberry mother plants to obtain cuttage seedlings for cuttage after the root systems of the stolon buds grow to 0.8-1.2 cm;

after the cutting seedling is taken, the method further comprises a cutting seedling processing step, wherein the cutting seedling processing step specifically comprises the following steps: reserving 2cm at the end of the creeping stem bud close to the strawberry mother plant, reserving within 0.5cm at the other end, and reserving 1.5 leaves;

the method also comprises the step of refrigerating the cutting seedlings at 5 ℃ for more than 8 hours and then cutting;

the method further comprises the step of removing bracts of the stolon shoots at any time and keeping one leaf for one core during the continuous pumping of the stolon shoots.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the step of removing a first stolon sprouted from the strawberry mother plant, and performing the root control treatment on stolon buds on the subsequently newly produced stolons.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the wrapping material is a non-woven fabric or a cotton sliver, the length of the wrapping material is 2-8 cm, and the width of the wrapping material is 1-2cm.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the relative moisture content of the wrapping material is maintained above 70% prior to cutting.

5. The method according to claim 4, comprising in particular:

(1) Managing strawberry stock plants: after the strawberry stock plant is fixedly planted, carrying out conventional production management to enable the strawberry stock plant to generate stolons and stolon buds;

(2) Timely removing the first stolons pumped from the strawberry stock plant without remaining;

(3) In the continuous pumping process of the stolon shoots, bracts of the stolon shoots are removed at any time, one leaf and one core are kept, and redundant leaves are removed;

(4) Root control treatment of stolon buds: when the base parts of the stolon buds are exposed to the white, the base parts of the stolon buds are wrapped by a shading and moisturizing wrapping material, and water spraying and moisturizing are not performed before seedling taking and cutting are performed for 10 days;

(5) Taking the cutting seedling: spraying water to the base of each creeping stem bud 10 days before cuttage, keeping the humidity of the wrapping material above 70%, and cutting off each stage of creeping stem buds by using a disinfection tool after the root system of each creeping stem bud grows to 0.8-1.2cm for cuttage;

(6) Treating cutting seedlings: reserving 2cm at the end of the stolon close to the strawberry mother plant, reserving within 0.5cm at the other end, and reserving 1.5 leaves to obtain a cutting seedling; then washing, soaking, disinfecting, draining, bagging, refrigerating at 5 ℃ for more than 8 hours, and then cutting the cutting seedlings;

(7) Cutting and seedling raising: and (4) cutting the cuttage seedlings processed in the step (6) in a seedling raising plug tray or a nutrition pot, and performing seedling raising management for 15-20d.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the nursery management comprises:

(1) managing within one week of cuttage: watering once a day with the humidity of the greenhouse being more than 90%, watering at the top part at the temperature of 20-28 ℃, and keeping the shading rate at 85-90%;

(2) the watering at night is avoided, and the leaves after sunset can not have water drops;

7. The method of claim 6, wherein irrigation is ensured by drip irrigation when normally managed in the seedling stage; spraying a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer once in 7 days or applying one controlled release fertilizer to each seedling, wherein the mass ratio of N, P, K in the water-soluble fertilizer is 1:1: the EC value of 1,1 is controlled to be 0.75-0.85ms/cm, and the fertilizer efficiency of the controlled release fertilizer is 1 month.