CN112825751A - Modularized submerged plant seedling planting matrix and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Modularized submerged plant seedling planting matrix and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112825751A CN112825751A CN202011638255.2A CN202011638255A CN112825751A CN 112825751 A CN112825751 A CN 112825751A CN 202011638255 A CN202011638255 A CN 202011638255A CN 112825751 A CN112825751 A CN 112825751A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/40—Protecting water resources
- Y02A20/402—River restoration
Abstract
The invention provides a modularized submerged plant seedling planting matrix and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of ecological environment. The modularized submerged plant seedling planting matrix mainly comprises clay, river sand, a compound fertilizer, an organic compound and a sponge, wherein the clay, the river sand, the compound fertilizer, the organic compound and the sponge are respectively 60-70% by volume, 8-15% by volume, 0.05-0.25% by volume, 5-10% by volume and 15-25% by volume; the weight percentage contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matters in the compound fertilizer are respectively 0.12-0.16%, 0.1-0.16%, 0.80-1.20% and 4-6%, and the compound fertilizer can meet the requirement that submerged plants are cultivated into module seedlings directly used for river and lake ecological restoration, namely no additional nutrient is needed during the seedling culture of the submerged plants. The invention has the advantages of realizing modularization and balanced nutrition of the modularized submerged plant seedling planting matrix.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological environment, relates to a seedling planting matrix, and particularly relates to a modularized submerged plant seedling planting matrix and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The submerged plant is a main corner in the river and lake ecological restoration process, but due to the ecological niche characteristic of the submerged plant, the submerged plant has the highest requirement on environmental conditions, is also the aquatic plant most susceptible to the influence of the water body habitat conditions, and is usually the submerged plant which is influenced firstly and gradually disappears after the water environment is polluted. Therefore, in the water ecological restoration process, restoring submerged plants is the most difficult project to implement, and becomes a technical bottleneck in the ecological restoration process. According to the planting method of submerged plants in the ecological restoration process in China in recent years, under the premise that conditions allow changes of water conservancy and hydrological conditions, water level regulation and control methods are adopted mostly, and under the condition that conditions do not allow changes of the water conservancy and hydrological conditions, traditional fork planting methods, throwing methods and the like are adopted. From the effect of engineering implementation, the existing planting methods all have the problems of low operation efficiency and extremely low survival rate, and are easily influenced by human factors such as working methods of operators and the like. Meanwhile, submerged plants are easily damaged in the transportation and planting processes before entering water, and large-scale implementation is difficult. Therefore, the market urgently needs a seedling cultivation method for optimizing submerged plants to cooperate with establishing a more scientific and effective submerged plant planting technical system which can meet the requirements of large-scale implementation and form industrialization, and the method is one of the most important links.
For the modularized vessel cultivation of submerged plant seedlings, the required conditions are far higher than those of conventional cultivation because of special purposes. In the cultivation process, a special substrate which can meet the most basic living environment condition of plants and can meet the application requirement is constructed according to the target application; meanwhile, fertilizer is applied according to the nutrient requirements required by different growth periods of the fertilizer. Under the conventional conditions, fertilizers applied at the early stage of cultivation of submerged plant seedlings are continuously consumed along with the growth of the plants, and in order to maintain better growth of the plants, fertilizer application is required for multiple times, so that the workload is increased, the operation difficulty and the technical risk are increased under the premise that the fertilizers are applied for one time, seedlings are injured due to overhigh nutrients at the early stage of production, the normal growth and multiplication of the submerged plants are influenced due to insufficient nutrients at the later stage, and especially the requirement of balanced and strong seedlings is difficult to achieve. Therefore, how to ensure the goal of the container culture of the seedlings of the submerged plants is a technical problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the present invention is to provide a modularized submerged plant seedling planting matrix aiming at the problems of the prior art, and the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to realize modularization and balanced nutrition of the modularized submerged plant seedling planting matrix.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: a modularized submerged plant seedling planting matrix mainly comprises clay, river sand, a compound fertilizer, an organic compound and a sponge, wherein the clay, the river sand, the compound fertilizer, the organic compound and the sponge are respectively 60-70% by volume, 8-15% by volume, 0.05-0.25% by volume, 5-10% by volume and 15-25% by volume; the weight percentage contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matters in the compound fertilizer are respectively 0.12-0.16%, 0.1-0.16%, 0.80-1.20% and 4-6%, and the compound fertilizer can meet the requirement that submerged plants are cultivated into module seedlings directly used for river and lake ecological restoration, namely no additional nutrient is needed during the seedling culture of the submerged plants.
Preferably, the clay, the river sand, the compound fertilizer, the organic compound and the sponge respectively account for 60 percent by volume, 9.95 percent by volume, 0.05 percent by volume, 5 percent by volume and 25 percent by volume, wherein the compound fertilizer respectively accounts for 0.12 percent by weight, 0.16 percent by weight, 1.20 percent by weight and 4 percent by weight of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matters.
Preferably, the clay, the river sand, the compound fertilizer, the organic compound and the sponge respectively account for 65 percent of the clay, 9.35 percent of the river sand, 0.15 percent of the compound fertilizer, 5.5 percent of the organic compound and 20 percent of the sponge, wherein the compound fertilizer respectively accounts for 0.14 percent, 0.13 percent, 1.00 percent and 5 percent of the nitrogen, the phosphorus, the potassium and the organic matter.
Preferably, the clay, the river sand, the compound fertilizer, the organic compound and the sponge respectively account for 70 percent by volume, 8.75 percent by volume, 0.25 percent by volume, 6 percent by volume and 15 percent by volume, wherein the compound fertilizer respectively accounts for 0.16 percent by weight, 0.10 percent by weight, 0.80 percent by weight and 6 percent by weight of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matters.
The second objective of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a modular submerged plant seedling planting matrix, which aims to solve the technical problem of how to realize the preparation of the modular submerged plant seedling planting matrix.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: a preparation method of a modularized submerged plant seedling planting matrix comprises the following steps:
s1: drying clay in the sun, and pulverizing;
s2: mixing river sand, compound fertilizer and organic compound with specified content into the crushed clay, uniformly mixing the mixture by a stirrer to form a mixed matrix, adding water to the extent that submerged plants can be planted (the water content is about 90%), testing the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matters, and adjusting the content;
s3: taking the throwing planting utensil, laying the flaky sponge at the bottom of the utensil, and laying the mixed matrix on the sponge.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the growth period required by the formation of modularization of the submerged plants is mostly between 120-180 days (different according to the temperature in the seedling raising period), a certain amount of base fertilizer is required to be applied before planting in the seedling raising of the submerged plants under the general condition, and a compound fertilizer with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of 15:15:15 is additionally applied for 2-4 times in the growth period, wherein the compound fertilizer is different according to the conditions of the variety of the submerged plants, the original soil basic fertility, the application amount of the base fertilizer before planting and the like so as to ensure the normal growth of the submerged plants; by using the special substrate for culturing the seedlings of the submerged plants in the seedling container, not only can a module be finally formed and can be directly thrown and planted to naturally sink to the bottom of rivers and lakes, but also seedlings required for ecological restoration of the rivers and lakes can be cultured, namely, no nutrient needs to be additionally added during the seedling culturing of the submerged plants, so that the workload and the technical risk in the culturing process of the submerged plants are reduced; meanwhile, the unit modules can be integrally transplanted, which is equivalent to directly moving from a seedling raising field to a river or lake (similar to the lawn spread cultivation on land), the survival rate can reach more than 95 percent, the recovery period after conventional seedling planting is basically not needed, and the ecological restoration period can be greatly shortened.
Detailed Description
The following are specific examples of the present invention and further describe the technical solutions of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example one
The combination conditions required to practice the invention are: the special substrate for submerged plant seedling container culture is prepared by determining materials required for preparing the special substrate on the premise that the plastic storage disk is suitable for containing the special substrate for submerged plant seedling culture, wherein the materials comprise special sponge for plant culture, and suitable clay, river sand, compound fertilizer and organic compound.
Constructing a flat-bottomed pond with the scale of about 5000 square meters and the water depth of about 50cm for the special cultivation of submerged plant seedlings by adopting a pond side seepage prevention technology for modularly cultivating the submerged plant seedlings in the low-lying land of a non-grain field; entrust to process the special cultivation vessel-plastic storage tray for 'the module cultivation of the submerged plant seedlings'. Under the premise of the preparation, the special substrate for submerged plant seedling vessel culture is prepared.
A modularized submerged plant seedling planting matrix mainly comprises clay, river sand, a compound fertilizer, an organic compound and a sponge, wherein the clay, the river sand, the compound fertilizer, the organic compound and the sponge are respectively 60-70% by volume, 8-15% by volume, 0.05-0.25% by volume, 5-10% by volume and 15-25% by volume; the module seedling culture medium also comprises 0.12-0.16 wt%, 0.1-0.16 wt%, 0.80-1.20 wt% and 4-6 wt% of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matters required by the growth of the submerged plant, and can meet the requirement that the submerged plant is cultured into module seedlings directly used for ecological restoration of rivers and lakes, namely no additional nutrient is required during the seedling culture of the submerged plant.
The living environment and nutrient supply in the group of substrates can ensure the normal growth and propagation requirements of the ware-cultured submerged plant seedlings in the seedling raising period, and the whole module can be maintained to naturally sink and lay on the bottom of the river and lake on the premise of throwing and planting the tray when the tray is used for ecological restoration of the river and lake, so that the damage-free planting and rapid propagation of the submerged plant are ensured, and the formation of a submerged plant community in the ecological restoration process is accelerated.
In this embodiment, the clay is mellow soil, the river sand is a commercially available product, the compound fertilizer is a commercially available product, the organic compound is a commercially available organic fertilizer or peat soil with an organic matter content higher than 30%, nutrient soil and the like, and the sponge is a commercially available special sponge for soilless culture of plants, wherein the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 15:15: 15.
Specifically, the clay, the river sand, the compound fertilizer, the organic compound and the sponge respectively account for 65 percent by volume of the clay, 9.35 percent by volume of the river sand, 0.15 percent by volume of the compound fertilizer, 5.5 percent by volume of the organic compound, 20 percent by volume of the sponge, and the weight percentages of the nitrogen, the phosphorus, the potassium and the organic matters are respectively 0.14 percent, 0.13 percent, 1.00 percent and 5 percent.
A preparation method of a modularized submerged plant seedling planting matrix mainly comprises the following steps:
s1: drying clay in the sun, and pulverizing;
s2: mixing river sand, compound fertilizer and organic compound with specified content into the crushed clay, uniformly mixing the mixture by a stirrer to form a mixed matrix, adding water to the extent that submerged plants can be planted (the water content is about 90%), testing the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matters, and adjusting the content;
s3: taking the throwing planting utensil, laying the flaky sponge at the bottom of the utensil, and laying the mixed matrix on the sponge.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
a) customized production of seedling culture vessels: the entrusted manufacturer produced 28000 special vessels with the specification of 54 x 27 x 6cm, namely plastic storage trays.
b) Custom production of sponges: the manufacturer was entrusted with 28000 pieces of sponge with a size of 50 × 25 × 1cm specially used for cultivating plant seedlings.
c) Preparing clay: selecting soil with strong viscosity, digging clay 200m for culturing seedlings for 28000 containers3Then, the mixture is aired until the water content is about 90%, and then the mixture is crushed by a manufactured pulverizer and sampled to analyze the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matters. The detection result shows that the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matters in the clay are respectively 0.08 percent of total nitrogen, 0.09 percent of total phosphorus and total0.75% of potassium and 1.26% of organic matters.
d) River sand procurement: nearby procurement of 20m river sand for 28000 vessels for seedling3And (5) standby.
e) Compound fertilizer purchase: 28000 containers are purchased nearby and can be used for preparing compound fertilizers for seedling factories for standby.
f) Purchasing peat soil: 28000 containers are produced by purchasing factories for seedling culture, and peat soil with the organic matter content of 97 percent is reserved.
Then, at every 2m3The clay is an operation unit, the clay is configured according to the basic contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matters in c) and the basic contents of materials in c) -f), the materials are fully mixed by a consigned stirrer, then the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matters are sampled and tested, and the detection result shows that the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matters in the mixed soil are respectively 0.135% of total nitrogen, 0.13% of total phosphorus, 0.95% of total potassium and 4.8% of organic matters, and the result is basically consistent with the design requirement.
The method comprises the following steps of modularized submerged plant seedling vessel culture: spreading special sponge at the bottom of the special container, placing the mixed matrix on the special sponge until the mixed matrix is parallel to the upper edge of the container, uniformly distributing the submerged plant variety of evergreen tape grass, the seedling density of 4 clusters per container and the average 5 plants (buds) per cluster. Practical results show that when the special substrate is used for cultivating submerged plants in a vessel, the growth amount of individuals and groups of the submerged plants is expected on the premise that no fertilizer is applied in the whole growth period, the average plant height of evergreen tape grass is 25cm, the total plant (bud) amount of a single vessel is more than 500 on average, the total plant (bud) amount is reduced to 3000 plants (buds)/(square meters), and root systems of the evergreen tape grass are mutually wound and completely penetrate through sponges, so that the submerged plants are protected from damage and floating on the premise that the modules are integrally planted at the bottoms of rivers and lakes.
In this example, the irrigation water for submerged plant cultivation is taken from river course, and the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the irrigation water are 3.0-3.5mg/L, 0.22-0.30mg/L and 3.2-4.0 mg/L, respectively.
Example two
The clay, the river sand, the compound fertilizer, the organic compound and the sponge respectively account for 60 percent by volume, 9.95 percent by volume, 0.05 percent by volume, 5 percent by volume, 25 percent by volume, and the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matters respectively account for 0.12 percent, 0.16 percent, 1.20 percent and 4 percent by weight.
EXAMPLE III
The clay, the river sand, the compound fertilizer, the organic compound and the sponge respectively account for 70 percent by volume, 8.75 percent by volume, 0.25 percent by volume, 6 percent by volume, 15 percent by volume, and the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matters respectively account for 0.16 percent, 0.10 percent, 0.80 percent and 6 percent by weight.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A modularized submerged plant seedling planting matrix is characterized by mainly comprising clay, river sand, a compound fertilizer, an organic compound and sponge, wherein the clay, the river sand, the compound fertilizer, the organic compound and the sponge are respectively 60-70% by volume, 8-15% by volume, 0.05-0.25% by volume, 5-10% by volume and 15-25% by volume; the weight percentage contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matters in the compound fertilizer are respectively 0.12-0.16%, 0.1-0.16%, 0.80-1.20% and 4-6%.
2. A modular submerged plant seedling planting substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the clay, river sand, compound fertilizer, organic compound and sponge are 60% clay, 9.95% river sand, 0.05% compound fertilizer, 5% organic compound and 25% sponge by volume, respectively, wherein the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter in the compound fertilizer are 0.12%, 0.16%, 1.20% and 4% by weight, respectively.
3. A modular submerged plant seedling planting substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the clay, river sand, compound fertilizer, organic compound and sponge are 65% by volume, 9.35% by volume, 0.15% by volume, 5.5% by volume and 20% by volume, respectively, of the clay, river sand, compound fertilizer, organic compound and sponge, wherein the compound fertilizer contains 0.14%, 0.13%, 1.00% and 5% by weight of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter, respectively.
4. A modular submerged plant seedling planting substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the clay, river sand, compound fertilizer, organic compound and sponge are 70% clay, 8.75% river sand, 0.25% compound fertilizer, 6% organic compound and 15% sponge by volume respectively, wherein the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter in the compound fertilizer are respectively 0.16%, 0.10%, 0.80% and 6% by weight.
5. A preparation method of a modularized submerged plant seedling planting matrix comprises the following steps:
s1: drying clay in the sun, and pulverizing;
s2: mixing river sand, compound fertilizer and organic compound with specified content into the crushed clay, uniformly mixing the mixture by a stirrer to form a mixed matrix, adding water to the extent that submerged plants can be planted (the water content is about 90%), testing the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matters, and adjusting the content;
s3: taking the throwing planting utensil, laying the flaky sponge at the bottom of the utensil, and laying the mixed matrix on the sponge.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115362885A (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2022-11-22 | 南京中科水治理股份有限公司 | Seedling growing method for tape grass seedlings |
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