CN112715125B

CN112715125B - Method for transforming coastal culture pond into mangrove forest nursery

Info

Publication number: CN112715125B
Application number: CN202011598528.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 熊燕梅; 姜仲茂; 生农; 陈玉军
Original assignee: Research Institute of Tropical Forestry of Chinese Academy of Forestry
Current assignee: Research Institute of Tropical Forestry of Chinese Academy of Forestry
Priority date: 2020-12-29
Filing date: 2020-12-29
Publication date: 2021-12-10
Anticipated expiration: 2040-12-29
Also published as: CN112715125A; CN113636891A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of planting, and particularly relates to a method for transforming a coastal culture pond into a mangrove forest nursery. The invention comprises a tide type irrigation system and nutrient solution added into a mangrove nursery. The tidal irrigation system comprises: the device comprises planting ridges and a main water channel, wherein the main water channel is communicated with external seawater through a sluice control, and the main water channel is communicated with the planting ridges through water control pipes; the water control pipe consists of a water control straight pipe and a bent pipe; wherein, the one end of accuse water straight tube and the one end intercommunication of return bend and can freely dismantle, the other end opening of accuse water straight tube and planting ridge intercommunication, the other end opening intercommunication main water course of return bend. The method can well control the seawater flooding time and the flooding depth, can promote the healthy and rapid growth of seedlings and ensure the survival rate of the seedlings, and can supply needed mangrove seedlings to peripheral pond returning and forest returning engineering, coastal mangrove afforestation and mangrove ecological restoration engineering by modifying the culture pond on site.

Description

Method for transforming coastal culture pond into mangrove forest nursery

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of planting, and particularly relates to a method for transforming a coastal culture pond into a mangrove forest nursery.

Background

The mangrove forest is a tidal flat wetland woody biological community which grows on the upper part of intertidal zones of tropical and subtropical low-energy coast and is soaked by periodic tidal water and consists of evergreen shrubs or arbors taking mangrove plants as main bodies. The species of the composition comprises herbaceous and liana mangrove. It grows on the beach shoal of land and sea boundary zone, and is a special ecological system for land to sea transition. Is a component of a special coastal wetland ecosystem and an important intertidal zone forest ecosystem, and has the functions of preventing wind and eliminating waves, protecting the coast and the like.

In the prior art, a mangrove seedling raising method is not poor, for example, Chinese patent application CN 103283475A discloses a mangrove seedling raising method, which comprises the following steps: selecting a muddy reclamation beach with small wind wave, low salinity and fresh water supply as a seedling nursery, namely a seedling growing land; culturing seedlings in a nutrition bag; firstly, raising seedlings of seed mangrove plants on a seedbed, and then transferring the seedlings into a nutrition bag for cultivation; the bagged seedlings are transferred to a basin; enhancing water and fertilizer management, shaping and pruning and pest control in the process of cultivating big seedlings; and (5) outplanting the big seedlings.

The loss of the intertidal zone of medium and high tide originally suitable for the growth of mangrove forest is almost lost due to the building of seawalls, pond-enclosing culture and the like. The method has the advantages of few beaches suitable for forestation on the coast, heavy forestation tasks, shortage of seedling raising fields, and construction of artificial forests on various difficult beaches, and is always a technical problem in mangrove forest recovery. In the past, the seedling afforestation is usually adopted, but the seedling afforestation is difficult to adapt to the severe environment of the difficult mudflat after the planting, so that the afforestation survival rate is low, and the quality of the afforestation recovery engineering can not be ensured. Therefore, a proper coastal culture pond is selected to be transformed into a nursery garden suitable for culturing various mangrove forest plants, and enough quantity and variety of mangrove forest seedlings can be cultured, thereby providing reliable guarantee for peripheral pond withdrawal and forest restoration engineering.

However, the existing nursery garden is mostly distributed in sandy soil areas with poor coastal nutrients, and the effect of burying fertilizer and applying nutrient solution is difficult to take effect under the action of natural tide of seawater, so that the nursery stock generally grows slowly or develops badly, more nursery stocks are easy to break or even die under the influence of wind waves, and the survival rate of the nursery stocks is greatly influenced. The invention promotes the mangrove seedlings to grow healthily and rapidly by adding the nutrient solution through controlling water, the water control pipeline obviously slows down the flow rate of the seawater and the periphery of the seedling raising field can resist wind waves, thereby reducing the damage of the seedlings caused by wind waves. Therefore, the method for transforming the coastal culture pond into the mangrove forest nursery can promote the healthy and rapid growth of the seedlings and ensure the survival rate of the seedlings, and has important significance.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the technical problems, the invention provides a method for transforming a coastal culture pond into a mangrove forest nursery, which can better control seawater flooding time and flooding depth, promote healthy and rapid growth of seedlings and ensure the survival rate of the seedlings, and can directly supply needed mangrove nursery stocks to peripheral pond withdrawal and forest restoration, coastal mangrove forest afforestation and mangrove ecological restoration projects by transforming the culture pond in situ.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:

an ebb and flow irrigation system, comprising: the device comprises planting ridges and a main water channel, wherein the main water channel is communicated with external seawater through a sluice control, and the main water channel is communicated with the planting ridges through water control pipes; the water control pipe consists of a water control straight pipe and a bent pipe; wherein, the one end of accuse water straight tube and the one end intercommunication of return bend and can freely dismantle, the other end opening of accuse water straight tube and planting ridge intercommunication, the other end opening intercommunication main water course of return bend.

Preferably, the height of the water control straight pipe can be freely adjusted.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for transforming a coastal culture pond into a mangrove nursery, comprising a tidal irrigation process, comprising the following steps:

a: selecting a culture pond with a sea planned to be a pond returning and forest returning, and constructing a planting ridge and a main water channel in the culture pond, wherein the main water channel is communicated with external seawater through sluice control, and the main water channel is communicated with the planting ridge through a water control pipe; the water control pipe consists of a water control straight pipe and a bent pipe; wherein, the bent pipe is fixedly buried underground, and openings at two ends of the bent pipe are respectively flush with the main water channel and the ground of the planting ridges; one end of the water control straight pipe is communicated with the bent pipe and can be freely detached, and the other end of the water control straight pipe is open;

b: and (3) selecting straight pipes with different heights according to seedling raising requirements, controlling the flooding depth of the day, and taking down the water control straight pipes when the flooding time of the day is reached so as to naturally discharge seawater.

Preferably, the lowest water level of the flooding depth is the same as the height of the planting ridges, and the highest water level is 1-2cm lower than the height of the bottommost leaves of the seedlings. At the moment, the flooding depth of the seedlings can be ensured, and the photosynthesis of the seedlings can be ensured.

Preferably, the ridge width of the planting ridges in the step A is 4-6m, and the ridge length is 30-50 m.

The tide type irrigation system provided by the invention can meet the requirements of mangrove plants with different biological characteristics on flooding time and flooding depth by manually and freely controlling the height of the water control straight pipe, and the sufficient flooding time and the proper flooding depth are favorable for the early growth and development of mangrove seedlings.

The mangrove plant suitable for local natural tide can remove the water control straight pipe;

mangrove plants (such as water coconuts, tung tree and the like) which need to be flooded for a long time can control water during the ebb tide, so that the flooding time is prolonged;

for mangrove plants needing shorter flooding time, water control is carried out by replacing the water control straight pipes before flood tide, and the water level in the planting ridges can be controlled to be lower than the planting ridge elevation or the main water channel water level;

for the seedlings of the mangrove in the seedling stage, the flooding depth is not required to exceed the height of 2/3, a water control and control straight pipe can be arranged when the water level reaches the required water level in the tide rising stage, and the water control and control straight pipe is removed for draining water when the tide falls.

Preferably, the method for modifying the coastal culture pond into a mangrove forest nursery comprises the following steps of adding mangrove forest nutrient solution into the culture pond, wherein the mangrove forest nutrient solution comprises the following components:

amino acid water soluble fertilizer, ferric citrate, humic acid, plant extract, lignosulfonate, rice hull ash and seaweed extract.

Preferably, the mangrove forest nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by weight:

20-30 parts of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, 3-7 parts of ferric citrate, 1-10 parts of humic acid, 5-15 parts of plant extract, 1-5 parts of rice hull ash, 0.5-2 parts of lignosulfonate and 1-5 parts of seaweed extract.

Preferably, the plant extract is prepared from the following raw materials: bean pulp and eucalyptus bark.

Preferably, the plant extract is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-5 parts of eucalyptus bark and 5-10 parts of soybean meal.

Preferably, the preparation method of the plant extract comprises the following steps:

(1) pulverizing eucalyptus bark, and extracting with ethanol to obtain ethanol extractive solution and eucalyptus bark residue;

(2) mixing the eucalyptus skin residue and the soybean meal, adding water, and adding sodium citrate and sodium salicylate to obtain a mixed extract of the eucalyptus skin residue and the soybean meal;

(3) concentrating the ethanol extract under reduced pressure, and adding into the mixed extract of eucalyptus peel residue and soybean meal to obtain plant extract.

Preferably, in the step (1), the amount of the ethanol is 3-5 times of the weight of the eucalyptus bark;

preferably, in the step (1), the ethanol is 50-75% by volume of ethanol water solution;

preferably, in step (1), the temperature of the extraction is 45-60 ℃.

Preferably, in the step (2), the mass of the added water is 5-10 times of that of the mixture of the eucalyptus peel residue and the soybean meal;

preferably, in the step (2), the mass of the sodium citrate is 0.05-0.5% of the mass of the mixture of the eucalyptus bark residue and the soybean meal.

Preferably, in the step (2), the mass of the sodium salicylate is 0.2-1% of the mass of the mixture of the eucalyptus bark residue and the soybean meal.

The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the mangrove forest nutrient solution, which comprises the following steps:

s1: adding ferric citrate into warm water, and adding lignosulfonate to obtain an aqueous solution;

s2: mixing the water solution with amino acid water soluble fertilizer, adding humic acid, plant extract, rice hull ash and Sargassum extract, and making into mixed suspension.

Preferably, the warm water in S1 has a temperature of 60-80 ℃.

Preferably, the amount of the warm water added in the S1 is 10-15 times of the weight of the ferric citrate.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical advantages that:

(1) the method for modifying the coastal culture pond into the mangrove forest nursery provided by the invention can modify the culture pond in situ to culture seedlings and directly supply mangrove forest seedlings required by pond withdrawal and forest restoration to the periphery; reduce the long-distance purchase transportation cost and loss.

(2) The water control equipment is suitable for breeding mangrove seedlings with different flooding time and flooding depth.

(3) For the change of the seedling type and the quantity, the conventional nursery garden does not need to be lifted in a soil preparation way or the elevation of a planting ridge is reduced, time and labor are wasted, the ideal effect can be achieved only by replacing the water control pipe, and the method is simple and practical.

(4) The nutrient solution provided by the invention has a good mangrove seedling raising effect, provides nutrient substances required by the growth of mangrove, and can effectively improve the germination rate and the survival rate of mangrove seedlings.

(5) The plant extract and the seaweed extract used in the invention have good synergistic effect, on one hand, the plant extract and the seaweed extract can provide required nutrient substances for the growth of mangrove, and on the other hand, the plant extract and the seaweed extract have certain bactericidal effect, and can effectively promote the survival rate of mangrove seedlings; meanwhile, the sodium citrate and the sodium salicylate are added in the preparation method of the plant extract, so that the extraction of effective components in the bean pulp and the eucalyptus bark can be effectively promoted, and the extraction efficiency of the effective components is improved.

(6) Compared with open water areas of coastal mudflats, the nursery can enable the nutrient solution to be retained in the nursery for a sufficient time through a water control measure, is beneficial to the absorption of mangrove plants, and promotes the healthy and rapid growth of seedlings.

Drawings

FIG. 1: a top view of an ebb and flow system;

FIG. 2: a side view of an ebb and flow irrigation system;

FIG. 3: a small tide stage flood tide diagram;

FIG. 4: a schematic view of the ebb and water control in the small tide stage;

FIG. 5: medium tide stage flood tide schematic diagram;

FIG. 6: the schematic diagram of the ebb and water control in the middle tide stage;

FIG. 7: schematic diagram of water control during flood tide.

The invention will now be further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples:

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described below with reference to specific examples to make the technical aspects of the present invention easier to understand and grasp, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The experimental methods described in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents and materials are commercially available, unless otherwise specified.

Basic embodiment

A method for transforming a coastal culture pond into a mangrove nursery, comprising a tidal irrigation process, wherein the tidal irrigation process comprises the following steps:

a: selecting a culture pond with the sea planned as pond returning and forest returning, and dividing the culture pond into a plurality of culture ponds with the length of 50 m; the width of each square block is 16.9 meters, three planting ridges are arranged in each square block, the ridge width of each planting ridge is 6m, 4m and 6m in sequence, the ridge spacing is 30cm, and the ridge height is 20 cm; constructing planting ridges and a main water channel, and installing a tidal irrigation system at one end of the planting ridge with the width of 4m, which is close to the main water channel, and communicating the tidal irrigation system with the main water channel; wherein, the main water channel is communicated with the external seawater through the sluice control, and the main water channel is communicated with the planting ridges through the water control pipes; the water control pipe consists of a water control straight pipe and a bent pipe; wherein, the bent pipe is fixedly buried underground, and openings at two ends of the bent pipe are respectively flush with the main water channel and the ground of the planting ridges; one end of the water control straight pipe is communicated with the bent pipe and can be freely detached, and the other end of the water control straight pipe is open to control the flooding depth and time; each square is not communicated; as in fig. 1 and 2;

b: when the tidal water in the small tide stage rises to the highest position of the current day, the water control straight pipe higher than the water level is arranged, the flooding depth of the current day can be controlled, and when the flooding time of the current day is reached, the water control straight pipe is taken down, and the seawater can be naturally discharged, as shown in the graph 3 and the graph 4;

c: in the middle tide stage, the flooding time and the flooding depth can not meet the early growth requirement of the seedlings of partial mangrove tree species, the water control straight pipes with corresponding heights are arranged according to the flooding depth required by the seedlings, the water control straight pipes are arranged before the tide is faded, the flooding depth after the tide is faded is the same as the height of the water control straight pipes, the water control straight pipes are taken down after the flooding time required by the day is reached, and the seawater is naturally discharged, as shown in fig. 5 and fig. 6;

d: when the water level is too high in the high tide stage and the seedlings are completely submerged, the seedlings are not suitable for early growth, when the tide reaches the depth required by the flooding of the seedlings, a water control straight pipe higher than the highest tide level is arranged, and the water level height in the planting ridges is controlled; when the seawater level is lower than the water level in the planting ridges during the ebb tide, the water control straight pipe is taken down, and the seawater in the planting ridges can be naturally discharged, as shown in figure 7.

Example 1

The mangrove forest nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by weight:

20 parts of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, 7 parts of ferric citrate, 1 part of humic acid, 15 parts of plant extract, 1 part of rice hull ash, 2 parts of sodium lignosulfonate and 1 part of seaweed extract (Xianli Shijie biology, the same below);

the preparation method of the plant extract comprises the following steps:

(1) taking 1 part of eucalyptus bark, crushing, adding 5 times of ethanol with volume fraction of 50% by mass, and extracting at 45 ℃ to obtain ethanol extract and eucalyptus bark residues;

(2) mixing the eucalyptus bark residue and 5 parts of bean pulp, adding 10 times of water by mass, and adding 0.05% of sodium citrate and 1% of sodium salicylate by mass to obtain a mixed extract of the eucalyptus bark residue and the bean pulp;

The preparation method of the mangrove forest nutrient solution comprises the following steps:

s1: adding ferric citrate into 10 times of 60 ℃ warm water, and adding sodium lignosulfonate to prepare an aqueous solution;

Example 2

30 parts of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, 3 parts of ferric citrate, 10 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of plant extract, 5 parts of rice hull ash, 0.5 part of sodium lignosulfonate and 5 parts of seaweed extract;

the preparation method of the plant extract comprises the following steps:

(1) taking 5 parts of eucalyptus bark, crushing, adding 3 times of ethanol with volume fraction of 75% by mass, and extracting at 60 ℃ to obtain ethanol extract and eucalyptus bark residues;

(2) mixing the eucalyptus bark residue and 10 parts of the bean pulp, adding 5 times of water by mass, and adding 0.5% of sodium citrate and 0.2% of sodium salicylate by mass to obtain a mixed extract of the eucalyptus bark residue and the bean pulp;

s1: adding ferric citrate into 15 times of warm water at 80 ℃, and adding sodium lignosulfonate to prepare an aqueous solution;

Example 3

25 parts of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, 5 parts of ferric citrate, 3 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of plant extract, 3 parts of rice hull ash, 1 part of sodium lignosulfonate and 4 parts of seaweed extract;

the preparation method of the plant extract comprises the following steps:

(1) taking 2 parts of eucalyptus bark, crushing, adding 4 times of ethanol with volume fraction of 60% by mass, and extracting at 50 ℃ to obtain ethanol extract and eucalyptus bark residues;

(2) mixing the eucalyptus bark residue and 7 parts of the bean pulp, adding 6 times of water by mass, and adding 0.2% of sodium citrate and 0.5% of sodium salicylate by mass to obtain a mixed extract of the eucalyptus bark residue and the bean pulp;

s1: adding ferric citrate into 10 times of warm water at 70 ℃, and adding sodium lignosulfonate to prepare an aqueous solution;

Example 3-1

The difference from example 3 is the composition of the nutrient solution.

A method for transforming a coastal culture pond into a mangrove forest nursery comprises adding mangrove forest nutrient solution into the culture pond,

25 parts of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, 5 parts of ferric citrate, 3 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of plant extract, 3 parts of plant ash, 1 part of sodium lignosulfonate and 4 parts of seaweed extract;

the plant extract was prepared in the same manner as in example 3.

s2: mixing the water solution with amino acid water soluble fertilizer, adding humic acid, plant extract, plant ash and Sargassum extract, and making into mixed suspension.

Examples 3 to 2

The difference from example 3 is the preparation method of the plant extract.

the preparation method of the plant extract comprises the following steps:

(2) mixing the eucalyptus bark residue and 7 parts of the bean pulp, adding 6 times of water by mass, and adding 0.7% of sodium salicylate by mass to obtain a mixed extract of the eucalyptus bark residue and the bean pulp;

The preparation method of the mangrove forest nutrient solution is the same as the step of the example 3.

Examples 3 to 3

The difference from example 3 is the preparation method of the plant extract.

the preparation method of the plant extract comprises the following steps:

(2) mixing the eucalyptus bark residue and 7 parts of bean pulp, adding 6 times of water by mass, and adding 0.7% of sodium citrate by mass to obtain a mixed extract of the eucalyptus bark residue and the bean pulp;

Examples 3 to 4

The difference from example 3 is that the plant extract is prepared from a different raw material.

the preparation method of the plant extract comprises the following steps:

(1) taking 2 parts of wormwood, crushing, adding 4 times of ethanol with volume fraction of 60% by mass, and extracting at 50 ℃ to obtain ethanol extract and wormwood residues;

(2) mixing the wormwood residue and 7 parts of bean pulp, adding 6 times of water by mass, and adding 0.2% of sodium citrate and 0.5% of sodium salicylate by mass to obtain a mixed extract of the wormwood residue and the bean pulp;

(3) concentrating the ethanol extract under reduced pressure, and adding into the mixed extract of folium Artemisiae Argyi residue and soybean meal to obtain plant extract.

Examples of effects

Building a nursery garden according to a mode of a basic embodiment, selecting 11 nursery garden squares as 11 test groups which are respectively 1-11 test groups, wherein the test groups 1-10 are provided with water control systems; the test group 11 was not equipped with a water control system.

Simultaneously planting the embryonic axis of the bruguiera gymnorrhiza in the nursery square, and culturing the seedlings for 12 months. The test groups 1 to 8 control the flooding time to be 8 hours per month on average per day through a water control system; the water flooding time of the test group 9 is 4h per day on average; the test group 10 submerges for 12h each day on average; controlling the flooding depth of the test groups 1-10 to be that the water level is 2cm higher than the ridge; the test group 11 cultivated seedlings by natural tide only.

During seedling raising, 5kg of the 7 nutrient solutions corresponding to the examples 1-3 and the examples (3-1) -3-4 are respectively applied to the nursery squares of the test groups 1-7 immediately after the beginning of flooding on the day of seedling raising in the test groups 1-7, wherein each group corresponds to one nutrient solution; then, the nutrient solution is applied once every 3 months according to the same method; the nutrient solution prepared in example 3 was applied to test groups 9 to 11 in the same manner as in test groups 1 to 7, and the nutrient solution was not applied to test group 8. After 12 months, the average height and average storage rate of seedlings were counted, and the results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 growth of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza

Test group	Flooding condition in the day	Nutrient solution	Seedling average height (cm)	Average seedling conservation (%)
					Test group 1	Controlling flooding for 8h	Example 1	102.3	97.6
Test group 2	Controlling flooding for 8h	Example 2	99.1	98.3
					Test group 3	Controlling flooding for 8h	Example 3	107.4	97.9
Test group 4	Controlling flooding for 8h	Example 3-1	72.2	76.5
					Test group 5	Controlling flooding for 8h	Examples 3 to 2	85.6	90.1
Test group 6	Controlling flooding for 8h	Examples 3 to 3	81.2	93.8
					Test group 7	Controlling flooding for 8h	Examples 3 to 4	73.3	85.6
Test group 8	Controlling flooding for 8h	Nutrient-free liquid	40.9	53.2
					Test group 9	Controlling flooding for 4h	Example 3	65.4	71.5
Test group 10	Controlling flooding for 12h	Example 3	70.8	62.7
					Test group 11	Natural tide	Example 3	53.6	41.3

Therefore, when the flooding is less, the seedling growth is influenced by drought stress, the seedling height is high, and the preservation rate is generally low; the flooding stress is caused by excessive flooding, the growth of seedlings is influenced, the height of the seedlings is generally low, and the preservation rate is reduced. The natural tide cannot guarantee that the seedlings grow generally poorly due to the fact that the flooding time is short, and the preservation rate is low. Secondly, the composition and preparation method of the nutrient solution have a great influence on the growth of the seedlings.

The above detailed description is specific to one possible embodiment of the present invention, and the embodiment is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent implementations or modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention should be included in the technical scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for transforming a coastal culture pond into a mangrove nursery is characterized by comprising a tidal irrigation process, wherein the tidal irrigation process comprises the following steps:

a: constructing a planting ridge and a main water channel, wherein the main water channel is communicated with external seawater through a sluice control, and the main water channel is communicated with the planting ridge through a water control pipe; the water control pipe consists of a water control straight pipe and a bent pipe; wherein, the bent pipe is fixedly buried underground, and openings at two ends of the bent pipe are respectively flush with the main water channel and the ground of the planting ridges; one end of the water control straight pipe is communicated with the bent pipe and can be freely detached, and the other end of the water control straight pipe is open;

2. The method for improving a coastal culture pond as defined in claim 1, wherein the width of the planting ridge in step A is 4-6m, and the length of the ridge is 30-50 m.

3. The method for improving the coastal culture pond to the nursery of mangrove trees according to any one of claims 1 to 2, further comprising adding a mangrove tree nutrient solution to the culture pond, wherein the mangrove tree nutrient solution comprises the following components:

4. The method for improving the coastal culture pond into a mangrove forest nursery according to claim 3, wherein the mangrove forest nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by weight:

5. The method for improving a coastal culture pond to a mangrove nursery according to claim 4, wherein the plant extract is prepared by a method comprising: bean pulp and eucalyptus bark.

6. The method for improving the coastal culture pond into a mangrove nursery according to claim 5, wherein the plant extract is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-5 parts of eucalyptus bark and 5-10 parts of soybean meal.

7. The method for improving a coastal culture pond to a mangrove nursery according to claim 6, wherein the plant extract is prepared by a method comprising the following steps: