CN114902952B - Full-illumination spraying mangrove seedling raising device and seedling raising method thereof - Google Patents
Full-illumination spraying mangrove seedling raising device and seedling raising method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114902952B CN114902952B CN202210547233.8A CN202210547233A CN114902952B CN 114902952 B CN114902952 B CN 114902952B CN 202210547233 A CN202210547233 A CN 202210547233A CN 114902952 B CN114902952 B CN 114902952B
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
- A01G31/06—Hydroponic culture on racks or in stacked containers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/246—Air-conditioning systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/26—Electric devices
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a full-illumination spray mangrove seedling device and a seedling method thereof, wherein the full-illumination spray mangrove seedling device comprises the following steps: a planting tray rack for supporting; the planting plate is arranged on the planting plate frame in a one-layer or multi-layer mode, the top of the planting plate is provided with a floating plate, a first accommodating space is formed between the floating plate and the planting plate, the first accommodating space is used for accommodating water, and the floating plate is used for providing a carrier for plant seedling raising; the water supply network is connected with the first accommodating space and is used for supplying water for plants; the greenhouse is arranged outside the planting tray frame and provides a closed or semi-closed environment for the planting tray frame; and the auxiliary device is arranged in the greenhouse and is used for adjusting the environment in the greenhouse. The invention considers tidal water level fluctuation and sea water flooding with certain salinity to build a habitat consistent with the local mangrove, is the first innovative use of the current mangrove seedling, and greatly improves the seedling efficiency and survival rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seedling raising devices, in particular to a full-illumination spray mangrove seedling raising device and a seedling raising method thereof.
Background
Mangrove forests are known for high storage of carbon, strong promotion of silt to beach and high resistance to typhoons and high waves. However, high intensity human activity and sea level rise have resulted in large-scale loss of global mangrove area, constituting a significant risk of coastal mangrove tidal flat erosion. In the world coastal countries and regions, research on recovery, protection and sustainable utilization of mangrove is conducted from all levels of policy, theory and technology aiming at the current situation of mangrove loss. The related files are issued for many times in China to strengthen the importance of mangrove restoration and to carry out mangrove construction and tidal flat restoration by actual actions.
Recently, the national natural resources department, the national forestry and grassland department clearly mention that the whole protection of mangrove and the ecological restoration of mangrove are implemented in the notice of the action plan (2020-2025) of the special protection and restoration of mangrove. Action planning required that by 2025, mangrove 9050 hectares were built. Among them, 5500 hectares in Guangdong, 2000 hectares in Hainan, 1000 hectares in Guangxi, 350 hectares in Fujian and 200 hectares in Zhejiang. At the same time, the existing mangrove 9750 hectares are restored, wherein 2500 hectares in Guangdong, 3500 hectares in Guangxi, 3200 hectares in Hainan and 550 hectares in Fujian are restored. However, the field planting effect of the construction and repair of mangrove forests including China is not obvious, and the success rate of the construction or repair of the mangrove forests is not easy to reach 30% at present. One of the bottlenecks in manual planting of mangrove is the problem of seedlings.
The seedling propagation efficiency is low, the maintenance and management difficulty in the propagation process is high, and the quality of the seedling cannot be guaranteed. The traditional mangrove nursery site selection is generally carried out on a tidal flat or a shrimp pond into which seawater can enter in the process of tide rising, and the natural flooding of the shrimp pond can be realized by means of the seawater to provide salinity and nutrition supply, but the method has the defects that (1) the seedling coefficient is not high and the shrimp pond is easily influenced by natural environment. Since chemical control using pesticides is prohibited in open sea environments, once infected, the pest will be a destructive attack. Barnacles, oysters, enteromorpha and the like also threaten seedling cultivation, not only cause the growth metabolism of seedlings to be blocked and influence the growth speed of plants, but also aggravate the load of stems of the seedlings and even cause death of the seedlings. Mangrove seedlings with diseases can be even brought to later planting places and spread rapidly, and become one of the main reasons for mangrove forestation failure. (2) The quality of the seedlings cannot be guaranteed, and the survival rate of forestation and transplanting is low. (3) The maintenance management is inconvenient, and the environmental factors cannot be effectively controlled.
Aiming at the problems existing in the manual mangrove forest, firstly, the quality of the good seedlings is closed so as to provide high-quality seedlings, and the survival rate of the manual mangrove forest can be improved.
Patent document CN211745659U discloses a mangrove plant seedling growing device. Including many horizontally placed's seedling raising pipe, drive water pump and back flow, through connecting pipe connection between the seedling raising pipe, seedling raising pipe and communicating pipe formation bow-shaped water loop, the back flow will two seedling raising pipe connection of head and tail, be provided with on the back flow drive water pump, seedling raising pipe one end is sealed, and sealed lid is installed to the other end, seedling raising pipe top is equipped with the opening, the opening runs through seedling raising pipe, still be equipped with on the seedling raising pipe with opening complex inner shell, but this design adopts the structure that tubular was planted, and planting efficiency still remains to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a full-illumination spray mangrove seedling device and a seedling method thereof.
The invention provides a full-illumination spray mangrove seedling device, which comprises:
a planting tray frame for supporting, which is configured on the original space of the mangrove forest so as to enable the planting tray frame to receive the sea water exchange brought by the periodic fluctuation tide every day;
the planting plate is arranged on the planting plate frame in a one-layer or multi-layer mode, a floating plate is arranged at the top of the planting plate frame, a first accommodating space is formed between the floating plate and the planting plate, the first accommodating space is used for accommodating water, and the floating plate is used for providing a carrier for plant seedling raising;
the water supply network is connected with the first accommodating space and is used for supplying water for plants;
the greenhouse is configured outside the planting tray frame and provides a closed or semi-closed environment for the planting tray frame;
and the auxiliary device is arranged inside the greenhouse and is used for adjusting the environment inside the greenhouse.
Preferably, the auxiliary device comprises any one or more of the following:
a heating device;
a heat sink;
a nutrition preparing device;
a temperature sensor;
a humidity sensor;
a liquid level gauge;
and a controller.
Preferably, the planting tray frames are multiple and form one or more planting units together, the planting tray frames in each planting unit are arranged in a transverse and longitudinal array, a passageway is arranged between every two adjacent planting tray frames, and at least one side of each planting unit is provided with a ditch.
Preferably, the greenhouse is a glass greenhouse or a plastic greenhouse;
the planting tray frame is provided with a laminate with a slope inclination angle.
Preferably, the planting tray frame comprises a vertical rod, a longitudinal pull rod and a transverse pull rod, and the vertical rod and the transverse pull rod are welded or detachably connected end to end respectively to form a frame structure.
Preferably, the frame structure forms one or more layers, each layer having one or more compartments in which the planting trays are placed, wherein two adjacent planting trays of each layer are in communication via a conduit.
Preferably, the planting tray adopts a PE plastic basin with a rectangular structure; the floating plate is a polystyrene environment-friendly foam plate.
Preferably, the water supply network comprises a water supply pipeline, a water pump and spraying equipment;
the water pump is installed on the water supply pipeline, and the tail ends of the water supply pipeline are respectively connected with the spraying equipment and the planting tray.
The mangrove seedling method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
seed selection: selecting adult parent trees which grow robustly and have no plant diseases and insect pests, and selecting mature embryos on the sunny side of the middle upper part of the periphery of the crown as seed sources during seed collection;
embryo pretreatment: removing embryos which are not high in damaged maturity and are damaged by diseases and insects after retrieving seed sources, soaking the selected embryos in seawater with the salinity of 10-20 at night for 12 hours, taking out the embryos, dispersing the embryos, placing the embryos in a ventilated shade for 12 hours, continuously repeating the operation for 4-5 days, and observing that the embryos start to sprout to obtain the seeds;
sowing: punching the row spacing of the plants on the floating plate by 3-8 cm, inserting embryos downwards, exposing the upper ends of the embryos by 0.5-2 cm, reserving the lower ends of the embryos by 0.5-2.5 cm, reversely paving the floating plate on the planting pot after the embryos are fully inserted, and starting a circulating water supply network of the planting pot to supply water;
the growth step: after the embryo leaves are sent out, starting spraying equipment to spray, spraying at equal intervals in the daytime under full sunlight, closing the spraying equipment at night, and outplanting when the height of the nursery stock reaches more than or equal to 30 cm.
Preferably, the salinity of the water body is tested every 3 to 5 days in the sowing step, and the salinity of the water body is ensured to be between 10 and 20;
preparing water salinity from 15 days before nursery stock is prepared for planting on tidal flat so that the water salinity and the environment salinity of the planting land are kept in the same interval;
closing a planting pot circulating water supply network 3 days before outplanting, and continuing to operate spraying;
and (3) keeping the temperature below 30 ℃ for 1 day before nursery emergence, stopping spraying, and packaging and transporting each plant of root system after straightening by permeable paper after the root system is packed when the seedlings are taken down from the seedling floating plate on the nursery emergence day.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention refers to the industrial seedling raising technology for producing land plants, vegetables, flowers and the like, is used for the seedling reproduction of mangroves, and simultaneously considers the tidal water level fluctuation and seawater flooding with certain salinity to build a habitat consistent with the local mangroves, thereby being the first innovative use of the current mangrove seedling raising and greatly improving the seedling raising efficiency and survival rate.
2. The full-illumination spray mangrove industrial seedling raising system provided by the invention is an intensive seedling raising system, can be continuously produced for a long time after initial investment of a system is built, has a large seedling coefficient for unit area production, can be used for producing 16 ten thousand seedlings at a time in a standard greenhouse with the size of 30 multiplied by 6m, greatly saves the land and improves the production efficiency.
3. The invention has controllable production environment, can provide optimum temperature, illumination, water salinity, flooding time length and flooding depth control for the seedlings, and ensures that the seedlings grow more robustly and the emergence rate is ensured.
4. The production process of the invention has low labor cost, can adopt full-automatic seedling raising, and only needs one technician to monitor the growth condition of the seedlings, and can be used for early occurrence of diseases.
5. The invention has high Miao Muzhi, adopts a soilless culture mode, enables the root system of the young seedling to be visible to naked eyes, and aims at enabling the seedling to be properly lack of water to soften the root system, facilitating cleaning of the root system when the young seedling is out of the nursery, and being not easy to break due to over-brittleness in the process of carrying and planting. Another function of proper water control is that a large amount of water is absorbed by 'thirst' after the field planting of the nursery stock, the adaptability of the nursery stock to environmental changes is improved, and the field planting survival rate is greatly improved.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments, given with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a front elevation of a planting tray frame of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the structure of a floating plate;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of a floating plate after embryo insertion;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of the structure of the planting plate;
FIG. 5 is a schematic side view of a planting plate in a width direction;
FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of a planting plate along a length direction;
FIG. 7 is a schematic top view of a plurality of planting trays connected;
FIG. 8 is a schematic side view of a structure with a plurality of planting trays connected;
FIG. 9 is a schematic top view of the structure of the seedling raising device;
FIG. 10 is a schematic top view of a planting unit;
FIG. 11 is a schematic side view of a configuration of a planting unit;
FIG. 12 is a schematic side view of a planting tray rack arranged in a slope-lowering configuration;
FIG. 13 is a schematic top view of a planting tray arrangement;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a side elevation of a planting tray frame;
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a structure of a pole;
FIG. 16 is a schematic view of the construction of the side rail;
fig. 17 is a schematic structural view of the tie rod.
The figure shows:
planting tray rack 1
Upright pole 11
Longitudinal tie 12
Transverse pull rod 13
Planting tray 2
Floating plate 201
Embryo 3
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept. These are all within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the invention provides a full-illumination spraying mangrove seedling raising device, which is suitable for soilless cultivation, and comprises a planting tray frame 1, a planting tray 2, a water supply network, a greenhouse and an auxiliary device, wherein the planting tray frame 1 is used for supporting and is configured on a mangrove original open land and a waste shrimp pond, can be directly washed away by tides, can receive seawater exchange caused by periodic fluctuation tide per se, and is rich in nutrient salt in water body positioned in estuary and bay, so that mangrove plants can be supported to grow well; the planting tray 2 is configured on the planting tray frame 1 in a one-layer or multi-layer arrangement mode, the floating plate 201 is configured at the top, a first accommodating space is formed between the floating plate 201 and the planting tray 2, the first accommodating space is used for accommodating water, the floating plate 201 is used for raising seedlings, the floating plate 201 provides a seedling carrier for plants, and the planting tray is a main part of mangrove plant seedling raising. When in use, the picked embryo 3 is planted on the floating plate 201, mangrove plants can endure flooding for a certain period of time, but the flooding time is too long, which is unfavorable for plant growth, and the mangrove plants can die when serious. The planting dish 2 is wholly in the cuboid basin form structure of upper portion abduction, and planting dish 2 top sets up the opening, and the opening part disposes the basin edge to extension all around, and the basin edge forms the supporting part to floating plate 201 for floating plate 201 can be stably supported and keep on planting dish 2, and the inside water of first accommodation space provides the nutrition for the mangrove plant on the floating plate 201.
Specifically, the first accommodation space is connected to the water supply network, the water supply network includes supply line, water pump and spraying equipment, the water pump is installed on the supply line, spray equipment is connected respectively to the end of supply line, plant dish 2, spray equipment sets up the top with the kickboard 201, for the mangrove plant of growing on the kickboard 201 provides water smoke, the supply line can be used for supplying water for planting dish 2 on the one hand, water storage in the manual work or the automatic control planting dish 2, on the other hand can be for spray equipment water supply realization to the embryo 3 after the germination, keep matrix and air suitable humidity, guarantee that the moisture supply is optimal, in order to satisfy the demand that the mangrove plant grows.
The greenhouse is arranged outside the planting tray frame 1 and provides a closed or semi-closed environment for the planting tray frame 1, so that the temperature inside the greenhouse can be kept within a temperature range suitable for mangrove plant growth due to the adjustment of the internal temperature, and meanwhile, the damage of severe weather to plants can be resisted.
Further, the auxiliary device is arranged inside the greenhouse for adjusting the environment inside the greenhouse, wherein the environment inside comprises a temperature environment, a humidity environment, a nutrient solution environment and the like, and the auxiliary device comprises any one or more of the following equipment:
the heating device can increase the temperature inside the greenhouse, is favorable for increasing the temperature inside the greenhouse to the temperature suitable for growth of mangrove seedlings, for example, electric heating equipment such as equipment heated by electric heating wires is adopted, in practical application, the greenhouse can be a glass greenhouse or a plastic greenhouse, the temperature inside the greenhouse can be increased by sunlight on sunny days, electric energy is saved, and the greenhouse is flexibly set according to practical scenes;
the heat dissipation device is used for dissipating heat in the greenhouse, when the temperature in the greenhouse exceeds the temperature range suitable for mangrove seedling growth, the heat dissipation device can be started, and ventilation equipment such as an exhaust fan and an air pipe can be adopted for the heat dissipation device to realize the cooling effect of air cooling by matching with air flow in the greenhouse; the two sides of the greenhouse are provided with the windows or air doors capable of being automatically opened and closed, and the like, so that when heat dissipation is required, the two windows or air doors are simultaneously opened, and the temperature in the greenhouse is reduced through natural convection of air;
the temperature control device is mainly used for temperature control, can control the temperature in a greenhouse through a heating device and a heat dissipation device, keeps warm in winter, reduces the temperature in a high-temperature period in summer, provides the most suitable temperature, and meets the best requirements of different growth stages of mangrove plants on the temperature so as to ensure that young seedlings can grow fast and healthily.
The temperature sensor detects the temperature inside the greenhouse in real time and provides temperature real-time information for opening and closing the heating device and the heat dissipation device;
the nutrition allocation device can periodically or real-timely detect the information of the salinity, the pH value and the like of the water in the water supply pipe network and can timely adjust the nutrition components and the salinity of the water according to a set range so as to meet the requirements of the growth of mangrove seedlings, for example, the nutrition allocation device comprises a pH adjusting component for adding alkali or acid, a salinity adjusting component for adjusting the salinity, a salinity and pH nutrition sensor and the like;
the humidity sensor is used for detecting the humidity of the mangrove seedling growing environment and providing a basis for the operation of spraying equipment;
the liquid level meter is used for measuring the liquid level in the planting tray 2 so as to provide a control basis for the flow of water in the water supply pipeline;
the controller is equivalent to a command part of the whole device, is connected with the heating device, the heat dissipation device, the temperature sensor, the nutrition preparation device, the humidity sensor and the liquid level meter through signals, and can control the heating device, the heat dissipation device and the nutrition preparation device to work.
The planting tray racks 1 are provided with a plurality of planting tray racks 1 which form one or a plurality of planting units together, the plurality of planting tray racks 1 in each planting unit are arranged in a transverse and longitudinal array, wherein a passageway is arranged between every two adjacent planting tray racks 1, the passageway is used for walking of operators, and as shown in fig. 10, at least one side of each planting unit is provided with a ditch.
The laminate that planting dish frame 1 had has and puts the slope angle of inclination, can guarantee that the inside water that gets into planting dish 2 flows between each planting dish 2, and the flow direction is from the high side end of planting dish frame 1 to low side end, also is favorable to the control of liquid level in the planting dish 2.
The planting tray frame 1 comprises a vertical rod 11, a longitudinal pull rod 12 and a transverse pull rod 13, and the vertical pull rod 12 and the transverse pull rod 13 are welded or detachably connected with the vertical rod 11 from head to tail respectively to form a frame structure.
The frame structure is configured into one or more layers, each layer is provided with one or more placing grids, the placing grids are matched with the planting trays 2, the planting trays 2 are placed in the placing grids, the planting trays 2 can be easily removed from the placing grids, wherein two adjacent planting trays 2 in each layer are communicated through a pipeline, and as shown in fig. 7 and 8, all parts of the planting tray frame 1 are preferably reinforced through screw connection, so that easy disassembly and assembly are realized.
The planting tray 2 is preferably a PE plastic basin with a rectangular structure, and the floating plate is preferably a polystyrene environment-friendly foam plate.
The invention also provides a mangrove seedling method, which comprises the following steps:
seed selection: selecting adult parent trees which grow robustly and have no plant diseases and insect pests, and selecting mature embryos 3 on the sunny side of the middle upper part of the periphery of the crown as seed sources during seed collection;
embryo pretreatment: removing embryo 3 damaged by diseases and insects with low maturity after retrieving seed sources, ensuring that the maturity of embryo 3 is basically consistent as far as possible, soaking the screened embryo 3 in seawater with salinity of 10-20 at night for 12 hours, taking out, dispersing and placing in a ventilated shade place for 12 hours, continuously repeating the operation for 4-5 days, and observing that embryo 3 starts to sprout to sow;
sowing: punching the row spacing of the plants on the floating plate by 3-8 cm, inserting embryos 3 downwards, exposing the upper ends of the embryos 3 by 0.5-2 cm, reserving the lower ends by 0.5-2.5 cm, reversely paving the floating plate on the planting pot after the embryos are fully inserted, and starting a circulating water supply network of the planting pot for supplying water; testing the salinity of the water body every 3-5 days in the sowing step, and ensuring that the salinity of the water body is between 10 and 20, wherein the salinity requirements and tolerance of different mangrove plant species are different;
the growth step: after the embryo 3 leaves, starting spraying equipment to spray, spraying at equal intervals in the daytime under full sunlight, and closing the spraying equipment at night, when the height of the seedlings reaches more than or equal to 30cm, taking out the nursery, wherein the root system injury in the seedling lifting and carrying process is a main reason for low survival rate of the artificially planted mangrove forest, and therefore, the protection of the root system is a key of each link.
It is to be noted that, the water salinity is prepared 15 days before the nursery stock is prepared for planting on tidal flat, so that the water salinity and the land salinity are kept in the same interval, and the planting pot circulation water supply network is closed and the spraying continues to run 3 days before the nursery is planted; and (3) keeping the temperature below 30 ℃ for 1 day before nursery emergence, stopping spraying, and packaging and transporting each plant of root system after straightening by permeable paper after the root system is packed when the seedlings are taken down from the seedling floating plate on the nursery emergence day.
Example 2:
example 2 is a preferred example of example 1.
In this embodiment, the construction layout plan of the greenhouse group of the nursery base extends in the east-west direction, and sets an offset angle according to the local solar altitude angle, as shown in fig. 9, the embodiment uses an 11 ° angle as an example layout, the east-west direction length of the greenhouse is 30m, the spacing between two adjacent planting units in the east-west direction is 2.5m, and a water reservoir with a width of 2m and a depth of 1.5m is arranged in the space between the two planting units. The width of the two planting units in the north-south direction is 6m, the distance between the two planting units in the south direction is 2.5m, and a communication channel with the width of 1m and the depth of 1.5m is arranged in the space between the two planting units in the north-south direction. The reservoir or the communicating channel in fig. 9 provides the function of a ditch, the water inlet end is communicated with the seawater diversion channel, the water outlet end is communicated with the drainage diversion channel, wherein the water inlet of the reservoir is communicated with the diversion channel in the tide, the water outlet of the reservoir is communicated with the diversion channel in the tide, and the water inlet and the water outlet are both provided with control valves.
The planting tray frames 1 in each planting unit are longitudinally provided with 4 rows, the planting area is 1m wide, the aisle is 0.6m wide, as shown in fig. 10, the planting tray frames 1 are mainly used for supporting planting trays 2, hanging and installing water supply pipes and water discharge pipes, and are structural arrangement frameworks in a greenhouse. The middle two layers and the middle five layers of the planting tray frame 1 are as shown in fig. 11, the two sides are two layers and four layers, and the spacing between the two layers of the planting tray frame 1 is 0.9m.
The planting tray frame 1 is inclined at an angle of 1 degree from one end to the other end, as shown in fig. 12. The planting tray frame 1 comprises a vertical rod 11, a longitudinal pull rod 12 and a transverse pull rod 13, as shown in fig. 13, and the vertical layout of the vertical rod 11, the longitudinal pull rod 12 and the transverse pull rod 13 is shown in fig. 1 and 14 according to the plan layout scheme.
In this embodiment, the materials used for the upright rod 11, the vertical rod 12 and the tie rod 13 are steel angle external zinc, so that the corrosion of brine can be effectively prevented, and the structures of the upright rod 11, the vertical rod 12 and the tie rod 13 are preferably as shown in fig. 15, 16 and 17.
In this embodiment, the planting tray 2 is a thickened rectangular plastic basin made of PE, as shown in fig. 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, with an upper outer diameter 1080×600mm, a lower outer diameter 970×495mm, a height 250mm and a side width 30mm, two mounting holes with a diameter of 65mm are respectively drilled at the lower ends of two long sides of the basin, a PE pipe with a length of 100mm and a size of DN65 is inserted into the mounting holes, wherein the junction is sealed and watertight by glass cement preferably, the exposed area is about 80mm, and two adjacent planting trays 2 are connected by DN65 through-sleeve heat-fusion.
In this case, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the floating plate 201 is a polystyrene environment-friendly foam plate, the length x width x thickness of the plate is 1060 x 580 x 10mm, and the floating plate 201 is covered on the planting tray 2. Mangrove embryos 3 are inserted on the floating plate 201 at the designed plant row spacing.
In the embodiment, the water supply network system is in trial operation, a water pump of a water supply pipeline is connected, a time relay is arranged, and the water level depth of various planting trays 2 in the water supply process is observed according to the water supply 6h, the water supply stopping 6h, the water supply 6h and the water stopping 6 h. The spray heads are arranged above the planting plate 2 to the water supply pipeline and are adjusted, and the spray heads can be sprayed to each part of the planting plate 2 according to the water supply of 4h, the water supply of 4h and the water supply of 12h (night time) in the spraying water supply period.
The mangrove seedling raising operation process in the invention is as follows:
in the seed collection, seed selection and seedling raising process, the seed source is the most important, the mangrove breeding needs to select adult parent trees which grow robustly and have no plant diseases and insect pests for seed collection, and mature embryos 3 on the middle upper part of the periphery of the crown are selected as the seed source during seed collection.
Firstly, embryo 3 is preprocessed, embryo 3 which is not high in damaged maturity and is damaged by diseases and insects is removed after seed sources are retrieved, the embryo 3 maturity is guaranteed to be basically consistent as far as possible, in the embodiment, the tung flower tree seedling is taken as an example, the screened embryo 3 is soaked in seawater with the salinity of about 12 at night for 12 hours and then taken out, scattered and placed in a ventilated shade place for 12 hours, 4-5 days are continuously spent, and embryo 3 is observed to start sprouting, so that sowing can be achieved.
Secondly, the seedling raising system is pre-operated, so that the planting tray 2 can be ensured to circularly supply water according to the set, the water level reaches about 3cm of the basin mouth during water supply, and the water in the planting tray 2 can be basically drained when water is stopped; the spraying system was stopped for 12 hours at night.
Thirdly, planting the tung tree embryos 3 on the floating plate 201 in an inserting mode according to the line spacing of 5cm, namely 10 multiplied by 20=200 plants are planted on each planting tray 2, after bamboo sticks slightly thicker than the embryos 3 are used for punching on the floating plate 201, inserting the embryos 3 immediately, and unifying the directions during inserting: insert head down, leaving embryo 3 exposed about 1cm at the upper end and 2cm at the lower end. After full insertion, the floating plate 201 is laid on the planting tray 2 reversely, i.e. the embryo 3 faces upwards. And starting a circulating water supply system of the planting tray 2 to finish the sowing process.
It should be noted that the seedling raising process takes care of observing that the water level in the planting tray 2 cannot be too low nor too high: the lower end of the embryo 3 is ensured to be in optimal contact with the water surface. The salinity of the water body is tested every 3 to 5 days, the salinity of the water body is ensured to be between 10 and 20, and fresh water is properly mixed in the water supply when the salinity is too high.
After the embryo 3 leaves, the spraying system is started, the circulating water supply system of the planting tray 2 is simultaneously started, full-sun spraying is performed in the daytime, 4h spraying-4 h closing-4 h spraying is adopted, the spraying system is closed at night, and the spraying system can be specifically set through a time relay.
In the process, the cleanness and sanitation in the greenhouse are ensured, and the occurrence of diseases and insect pests is observed, if the plants with diseases and insect pests are found, the seedlings are destroyed after being pulled out of the seedling raising greenhouse.
Finally, when the height of the seedlings reaches 30cm, the seedlings can be transplanted out of the nursery.
According to the invention, seedling training is carried out before nursery emergence, water salinity is regulated as much as possible before nursery emergence is prepared for planting on tidal flat for 15 days, the planting pot circulating water supply system is closed for 3 days before nursery emergence, no water is supplied, and the spraying system continues to operate; the spraying system was stopped 1 day before the nursery was removed (note that the observed room temperature cannot exceed 30 ℃). The small Miao Shi is taken off from the floating plate for raising seedlings on the day of nursery emergence, and the seedlings cannot be damaged, especially the root system cannot be damaged. After carefully straightening each root system, wrapping the root system by permeable paper, and boxing and transporting the bags. After the plant is transported to the tidal flat, the plant is planted preferably on the same day, and the root system is stretched in the planting process, so that the root system is not damaged.
In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships illustrated in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present application and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and are not to be construed as limiting the present application.
The foregoing describes specific embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without affecting the spirit of the invention. The embodiments of the present application and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a full illumination spraying mangrove device of growing seedlings which characterized in that includes:
a planting tray frame (1) for supporting, which is configured on the original space of the mangrove forest so as to enable the planting tray frame to receive the sea water exchange caused by periodic fluctuation tide every day;
the planting plate (2) is arranged on the planting plate frame (1) in a one-layer or multi-layer arrangement mode, a floating plate (201) is arranged at the top of the planting plate, a first accommodating space is formed between the floating plate (201) and the planting plate (2), the first accommodating space is used for accommodating water, the floating plate (201) is used for providing carriers for raising seedlings for plants, two adjacent planting plates (2) are connected by direct sleeve hot melting, the planting plate (2) is integrally in an upper-part and outward-stretching cuboid basin-shaped structure, an opening is formed in the top of the planting plate (2), basin edges extending to the periphery are arranged at the opening, the basin edges form supporting parts for the floating plate (201), so that the floating plate (201) can be stably supported and kept on the planting plate (2), mangrove plants on the floating plate (201) are nourished, mangrove plant embryos (3) are taken out after being soaked in seawater 12h with salinity of 10-20 before being inserted, placed in a breathable cool place for 12h, and continuously dispersed and repeatedly used for 4 days when the embryo is inserted into the floating plate (201) for observing;
the water supply pipe network is connected with the first accommodating space and is used for supplying water for plants, the water supply pipe network comprises a water supply pipeline, a water pump and spraying equipment, the water pump is arranged on the water supply pipeline, the tail end of the water supply pipeline is respectively connected with the spraying equipment and the planting disc (2), the spraying equipment is arranged above the floating plate (201) and is used for supplying water mist for mangrove plants growing on the floating plate (201), the water supply pipeline is used for supplying water for the planting disc (2), the water storage capacity in the planting disc (2) is manually or automatically controlled and can supply water for the spraying equipment to realize spraying operation for germinated embryos (3), a time relay is arranged on the water pump of the water supply pipeline, and the water supply and spraying of the water supply pipeline can be used for adjusting the water level depth and the spraying uniformity in the planting disc (2) through the time relay;
the greenhouse is configured outside the planting tray frame (1) and provides a closed or semi-closed environment for the planting tray frame (1);
auxiliary means arranged inside the greenhouse for adjusting the environment inside the greenhouse;
preparing nursery stocks for planting on tidal lands, starting to allocate water salinity 15 days before nursery stocks are planted on the tidal lands, enabling the water salinity and the planting land salinity to be kept in the same interval, closing a planting pot circulating water supply network 3 days before nursery stocks are planted, and continuing to operate spraying; maintaining the temperature below 30deg.C and stopping spraying 1 day before nursery emergence, and packaging and transporting each plant root system with permeable paper after straightening each plant root system when the seedlings are taken down from the floating seedling plate (201) on the nursery emergence day;
the construction layout planning of the greenhouse group of the nursery base extends in the east-west direction, an offset angle is set according to a local solar altitude angle, the east-west direction length of the greenhouse is 30m, the spacing between two adjacent planting units in the east-west direction is 2.5m, a water reservoir is arranged in the space between the two planting units, the south-north direction is 6m, the spacing between the two planting units is 2.5m, a communicating channel is arranged in the space between the two planting units in the south-north direction, the water reservoir or the communicating channel provides the function of a water channel, the upper water end is communicated with a sea water channel, the lower water end is communicated with a drainage guiding channel, wherein the water inlet of the water reservoir is communicated with the water channel in the tide, the water outlet of the water reservoir is communicated with the water channel in the tide, and both the water inlet and the water outlet are provided with control valves;
the planting tray frames (1) in each planting unit are longitudinally arranged in 4 rows, the planting area is 1m wide, the aisle is 0.6m wide, the planting tray frames (1) are used for supporting planting trays (2), hanging water supply pipes and drainage pipes, the planting tray frames are arranged in a greenhouse, two middle layers of the planting tray frames (1) are five layers, two sides of the planting tray frames are four layers of the planting tray frames, and the spacing between the two layers of the planting tray frames (1) is 0.9m.
2. The full-illumination spray mangrove seedling device of claim 1, wherein the auxiliary device includes any one or more of the following:
a heating device;
a heat sink;
a nutrition preparing device;
a temperature sensor;
a humidity sensor;
a liquid level gauge;
and a controller.
3. The full-illumination spray mangrove seedling growing device according to claim 1, wherein the planting tray frames (1) are provided with a plurality of planting tray frames (1) which form one or a plurality of planting units together, the plurality of planting tray frames (1) in each planting unit are arranged in a transverse and longitudinal array, wherein a passageway is arranged between every two adjacent planting tray frames (1), and at least one side of each planting unit is provided with a ditch.
4. The full-illumination spray mangrove seedling raising device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the greenhouse is a glass greenhouse or a plastic greenhouse;
the laminate of the planting tray frame (1) has a slope inclination angle.
5. The full-illumination spraying mangrove seedling raising device according to claim 1, wherein the planting tray frame (1) comprises a vertical rod (11), a longitudinal pull rod (12) and a transverse pull rod (13), and the longitudinal pull rod (12) and the transverse pull rod (13) are welded or detachably connected with the vertical rod (11) from head to tail respectively to form a frame structure.
6. The full-illumination spray mangrove seedling device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the frame structure forms one or more layers, each layer having one or more compartments in which the planting trays (2) are placed, wherein two adjacent planting trays (2) of each layer are in communication by a pipe.
7. The full-illumination spray mangrove seedling raising device according to claim 1, wherein the planting tray (2) adopts a PE plastic basin with a rectangular structure; the floating plate is a polystyrene environment-friendly foam plate.
8. A mangrove seedling method, characterized in that the full-illumination spray mangrove seedling device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 is adopted, comprising the following steps:
seed selection: selecting adult parent trees which grow robustly and have no plant diseases and insect pests, and selecting mature embryos (3) on the sunny side of the middle-upper part of the periphery of the crown as seed sources during seed collection;
embryo pretreatment: removing embryos (3) which are not high in damaged maturity and are damaged by diseases and insects after retrieving seed sources, soaking the selected embryos (3) in seawater with the salinity of 10-20 for 12 hours at night, taking out, dispersing and placing the embryos in a ventilated shade place for 12 hours, continuously repeating the operation for 4-5 days, and observing that the embryos (3) start to sprout to sow;
sowing: punching the row spacing of the plants on the floating plate by 3-8 cm, inserting embryos (3) with the heads downwards, exposing the upper ends of the embryos (3) by 0.5-2 cm, reserving the lower ends by 0.5-2.5 cm, reversely paving the floating plate on a planting basin after the embryos are fully inserted, and starting a circulating water supply network of the planting basin for water supply;
the growth step: after the embryo (3) leaves, starting the spraying equipment to spray, spraying at equal intervals in the daytime under full sunlight, closing the spraying equipment at night, and outplanting when the height of the nursery stock is more than or equal to 30 cm.
9. The mangrove seedling method of claim 8, wherein the water salinity is tested every 3-5 days during the seeding step to ensure that the water salinity is between 10-20;
and (3) starting to allocate the salinity of the water body 15 days before the nursery stock is prepared for planting on the tidal flat so that the salinity of the water body and the salinity of the environment in the planting field are kept in the same interval.
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