CN112747124A - 两级电磁阀 - Google Patents

两级电磁阀 Download PDF

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CN112747124A
CN112747124A CN202011171159.1A CN202011171159A CN112747124A CN 112747124 A CN112747124 A CN 112747124A CN 202011171159 A CN202011171159 A CN 202011171159A CN 112747124 A CN112747124 A CN 112747124A
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closing element
solenoid
valve
stage
armature
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CN112747124B (zh
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A·加特
V·舒比肖
V·埃德曼
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/12Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid
    • F16K31/36Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid in which fluid from the circuit is constantly supplied to the fluid motor
    • F16K31/40Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid in which fluid from the circuit is constantly supplied to the fluid motor with electrically-actuated member in the discharge of the motor
    • F16K31/406Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid in which fluid from the circuit is constantly supplied to the fluid motor with electrically-actuated member in the discharge of the motor acting on a piston
    • F16K31/408Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid in which fluid from the circuit is constantly supplied to the fluid motor with electrically-actuated member in the discharge of the motor acting on a piston the discharge being effected through the piston and being blockable by an electrically-actuated member making contact with the piston
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/36Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition including a pilot valve responding to an electromagnetic force
    • B60T8/3615Electromagnetic valves specially adapted for anti-lock brake and traction control systems
    • B60T8/3655Continuously controlled electromagnetic valves
    • B60T8/366Valve details
    • B60T8/3665Sliding valves
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
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    • F16K1/32Details
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    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
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    • F16K1/32Details
    • F16K1/34Cutting-off parts, e.g. valve members, seats
    • F16K1/42Valve seats
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    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
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    • F16K15/025Check valves with guided rigid valve members the valve being loaded by a spring
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    • F16K17/02Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side
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    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
    • F16K31/0644One-way valve
    • F16K31/0655Lift valves
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    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
    • F16K31/0675Electromagnet aspects, e.g. electric supply therefor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
    • F16K31/0686Braking, pressure equilibration, shock absorbing
    • F16K31/0693Pressure equilibration of the armature
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
    • F16K31/0686Braking, pressure equilibration, shock absorbing
    • F16K31/0696Shock absorbing, e.g. using a dash-pot
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/12Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid
    • F16K31/36Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid in which fluid from the circuit is constantly supplied to the fluid motor
    • F16K31/40Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid in which fluid from the circuit is constantly supplied to the fluid motor with electrically-actuated member in the discharge of the motor
    • F16K31/406Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid in which fluid from the circuit is constantly supplied to the fluid motor with electrically-actuated member in the discharge of the motor acting on a piston
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K47/00Means in valves for absorbing fluid energy
    • F16K47/02Means in valves for absorbing fluid energy for preventing water-hammer or noise
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60YINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种两级电磁阀,具有电磁组件和阀筒,阀筒包围磁极铁芯、电磁衔铁、至少一个第一流体开口、至少一个第二流体开口、具有第一阀座和第一闭合元件的前置级及具有更大的第二阀座和第二闭合元件的主级,电磁衔铁可在阀套中通过由电磁组件产生的克服回位弹簧的力的磁力沿轴向在闭合位置和打开位置之间运动,电磁衔铁与第一闭合元件连接且通过弹簧元件与第二闭合元件耦联,在第一和第二闭合元件之间可实现通过可调节的前置级行程限制的克服弹簧元件的弹力的相对运动,在电磁衔铁和磁极铁芯之间的可调节的工作气隙预设电磁衔铁的总行程。电磁衔铁在其打开运动期间相应以相同的总行程打开前置级或主级,电磁衔铁前置级行程设定成大于总行程。

Description

两级电磁阀
技术领域
本发明涉及根据独立权利要求1的类型的两级电磁阀。
背景技术
在具有ESP功能(ESP:Elektronisches
Figure BDA0002747360460000011
电子稳定程序)、ASR功能(ASR:Antischlupfregelung,防打滑调节)和/或ABS功能(ABS:Antiblockiersystem,防抱死系统)的车辆液压制动系统中,为了进行行驶动态调节,使实施为电磁阀的阀为不同功能调节流体流。电磁阀作为技术构件用于控制流体的进入或排出或控制和/或调节流方向和/或流体量。从这种车辆液压制动系统的领域中,已知各种不同的系统,在其中,在流体总成或液压总成中的主动的或部分主动的压力建立通过实施为无电流时闭合的两级电磁阀的高压切换阀来实现,该高压切换阀包括前置级和主级。如果在低的压力下必须切换高的体积流或必须切换高的压力,优选地使用两级电磁阀。在激活或操纵时,两级电磁阀例如释放在主制动缸或主回路和泵元件或次级回路之间的流路。两级构造方案还能够在高的压力差的情况下实现打开电磁阀或释放流路。在此,主回路与两级电磁阀的第一流体开口联接,并且次级回路与第二流体开口联接,在它们之间布置有前置级的第一闭合元件和主级的第二闭合元件。
由DE 10 2008 001 864 A1已知这种类型的两级电磁阀,其具有:电磁组件,电磁组件包括布置在壳体外罩中的线圈绕组;和阀筒,阀筒包围磁极铁芯、电磁衔铁、至少一个第一流体开口、至少一个第二流体开口、具有第一阀座和第一闭合元件的前置级以及具有更大的第二阀座和第二闭合元件的主级,电磁衔铁可在阀套中沿轴向在闭合位置和打开位置之间运动。电磁衔铁与第一闭合元件连接,并且通过弹簧元件与第二闭合元件耦联。在第一闭合元件和第二闭合元件之间可实现由可调节的前置级行程限制的、克服弹簧元件的弹力的相对运动,其中,在电磁衔铁和磁极铁芯之间的可调节的工作气隙预先设定电磁衔铁的总行程。阀筒以磁极铁芯侧的端部至少部分地引入到电磁组件中,其中,电磁组件的上端部与磁极铁芯贴靠,并且电磁组件的下端部与阀套贴靠。电磁组件通过对线圈绕组通电产生磁场,该磁场使电磁衔铁克服回位弹簧的力运动。典型地,在打开电磁阀时,首先通过以下方式打开具有小的阀座直径的前置级,即,如果由在至少一个第一流体开口和至少一个第二流体开口之间的实际压力差引起的流体力大于弹簧元件的弹力,电磁衔铁使第一闭合元件以前置级行程朝磁极铁芯的方向从第一阀座抬起。接着通过以下方式打开主级,即,电磁衔铁使第二闭合元件以剩余行程从第二阀座抬起直至止挡,并且同时第一闭合元件以剩余行程继续朝磁极铁芯的方向运动直至止挡。在至少一个第一流体开口和至少一个第二流体开口之间的压力平衡之后,弹簧元件的弹力使第二闭合元件与第一阀座以前置级行程朝磁极铁芯的方向运动直至第一阀座,或前置级闭合,并且第二阀座或主级完全打开。因此,电磁衔铁的总行程由前置级行程和剩余行程组成,并且因此很大。如果由在至少一个第一流体开口和至少一个第二流体开口之间的实际压力差引起比弹簧元件的弹力更小的流体力,此时前置级保持闭合,并且主级直接打开,为此,电磁衔铁使第一闭合元件同时与第二闭合元件以总行程朝磁极铁芯的方向运动直至止挡。
发明内容
具有独立权利要求1的特征的两级电磁阀具有的优点是,减小了电磁衔铁的总行程,而在此没有限制电磁阀的功能。通过减小总行程,有利地设定更小的工作气隙,从而需要更小的电磁体电流来打开电磁阀。此外,可缩短两级电磁阀的结构高度。
本发明的实施方式提供了一种两级电磁阀,其具有电磁组件和阀筒,阀筒包围磁极铁芯、电磁衔铁、至少一个第一流体开口、至少一个第二流体开口、前置级和主级,该电磁衔铁可在阀套中通过由电磁组件产生的磁力克服回位弹簧的力沿轴向在闭合位置和打开位置之间运动,该前置级具有第一阀座和第一闭合元件,该主级具有更大的第二阀座和第二闭合元件。电磁衔铁与第一闭合元件连接,并且通过弹簧元件与第二闭合元件耦联。在第一闭合元件和第二闭合元件之间可实现通过可调节的前置级行程限制的、克服弹簧元件的弹力的相对运动,其中,在电磁衔铁和磁极铁芯之间的可调节的工作气隙预先设定电磁衔铁的总行程。在此,电磁衔铁在其打开运动期间相应以相同的总行程打开前置级或主级,其中,电磁衔铁的前置级行程设定成大于总行程。
本发明的核心是,前置级或主级相应以相同的总行程打开。由此在电磁阀的未通电的状态中有利地得到电磁衔铁的更小的总行程、和在磁极铁芯与电磁衔铁之间的更小的工作气隙。在此,将可能的前置级行程设定成微大于总行程,以便可闭合电磁阀的两个级。优选地,可如此设定工作气隙,使得电磁衔铁在通电的状态中直接与磁极铁芯贴靠。由此在通电的状态中产生更小的保持电流。此外,通过更小的工作气隙,在相同地实施电磁组件时,提供用于使电磁衔铁运动的更大的磁力,从而可在更低的能量需求的情况下实现更短的切换时间和更大的可切换的压力差。此外,由于更短的加速路径,在切换电磁阀时产生更低的噪声。因为可通过弹簧元件的特性来确定用于打开主级的压力差的更小的阈值,所以在次级打开时压力平衡的情况下引起在打开主级时的更小的压力平衡冲击。
在根据本发明的两级电磁阀的实施方式中,可仅仅粗略地设定前置级行程,从而固定的预压入量足以将前置级行程设定成至少略大于总行程。由此可无需在生产线上进行复杂的设定过程。在将根据本发明的两级电磁阀在液压制动系统中用在主制动缸和泵元件之间时,在第二闭合元件关闭时,没有取决于流量的不同的流动横截面,并且得到更好的踏板感觉。
通过在从属权利要求中列出的措施和改进方案可有利地改进在独立权利要求1中给出的两级电磁阀。
特别有利的是,电磁衔铁可根据在至少一个第一流体开口和至少一个第二流体开口之间的实际压力差通过第一闭合元件打开第一阀座,或通过第二闭合元件打开第二阀座。因此,如果在至少一个第一流体开口和至少一个第二流体开口之间的实际压力差大于阈值,电磁衔铁可使第一闭合元件运动离开第一阀座。在此,弹簧元件可在至少一个第一流体开口和至少一个第二流体开口之间的压力平衡之后使第二闭合元件运动离开第二阀座,并且将主级打开、以及将前置级闭合。此外,如果在至少一个第一流体开口和至少一个第二流体开口之间的实际压力差小于或等于阈值,电磁衔铁可在前置级闭合的情况下使第二闭合元件运动离开第二阀座,并且将主级打开。阈值可优选地通过所使用的弹簧元件的特性预先设定和设定。
在电磁阀的有利的设计方案中,可如此预先设定弹簧元件的弹力,使得弹力在沿闭合方向流经第二阀座时大于对应的流体力,并且可将主级保持在打开的状态中。
在电磁阀的另一有利的设计方案中,第一阀座例如可布置在第二闭合元件的第一轴向贯通开口处。第二闭合体可至少局部地布置在前置级罩壳中,其中,第一阀座布置在前置级罩壳中。在此,前置级罩壳可在其敞开端处固定地与电磁衔铁的连接区域接合。因此,第二闭合元件例如可以背对电磁衔铁的一端穿过前置级罩壳的轴向开口,并且通过弹簧元件支撑在前置级罩壳处的开口的边缘处。此外,可在第二闭合元件处构造有止挡。在此,在第二闭合元件的止挡和前置级罩壳中的开口的边缘之间的距离可确定前置级行程。这使得能够通过预先设定压入行程实现简单地设定前置级行程,以该预先设定压入行程将前置级罩壳压装到电磁衔铁的连接区域上,或者将电磁衔铁压入到前置级罩壳中。
附图说明
在附图中示出了本发明的实施例,并且在下文的说明中对其进行进一步阐述。在附图中,相同的附图标记表示实施相同或相似功能的构件或元件。其中
图1示出了根据本发明的两级电磁阀的实施例在无电流时闭合的状态中的示意性的截面图示。
图2示出了图1的根据本发明的两级电磁阀的示意性的截面图示,其中,前置级打开。
图3示出了图1和图2的根据本发明的两级电磁阀的示意性的截面图示,其中,主级打开,并且前置级闭合。
具体实施方式
如从图1至图3中可见的那样,根据本发明的电磁阀1的示出的实施例包括电磁组件3和阀筒10。阀筒10包围磁极铁芯14、电磁衔铁16、至少一个第一流体开口19.1、至少一个第二流体开口19.2、具有第一阀座24和第一闭合元件26的前置级20以及具有更大的第二阀座34和第二闭合元件36的主级30,该电磁衔铁可在阀套12中通过由电磁组件3产生的磁力克服回位弹簧17的力沿轴向在闭合位置和打开位置之间运动。电磁衔铁16与第一闭合元件26连接,并且通过弹簧元件28与第二闭合元件36耦联。在第一闭合元件26和第二闭合元件36之间可实现由可调节的前置级行程hV限制的、克服弹簧元件28的弹力的相对运动,其中,在电磁衔铁16和磁极铁芯14之间的可调节的工作气隙18预先设定电磁衔铁16的总行程hB。在此,电磁衔铁16在其打开运动期间相应以相同的总行程hG打开前置级20或主级30,其中,电磁衔铁16的前置级行程hV设定成大于总行程hG。
这意味着,电磁衔铁16根据在至少一个第一流体开口19.1和至少一个第二流体开口19.2之间的实际压力差P1-P2通过第一闭合元件26打开第一阀座24,或通过第二闭合元件36打开第二阀座34,如从图2中进一步可见的那样。在此,如果在至少一个第一流体开口19.1和至少一个第二流体开口19.2之间的实际压力差P1-P2大于阈值,电磁衔铁16使第一闭合元件26运动离开第一阀座24。在至少一个第一流体开口19.1和至少一个第二流体开口19.2之间的压力平衡之后,弹簧元件28使第二闭合元件36运动离开第二阀座34,并且将主级30打开,以及将前置级20闭合,如从图3中进一步可见的那样。如果在至少一个第一流体开口19.1和至少一个第二流体开口19.2之间的实际压力差P1-P2小于或等于阈值,此时,电磁衔铁16在前置级20闭合的情况下使第二闭合元件36运动离开第二阀座34,并且将主级30打开,如从图3中可见的那样。在此,第一闭合元件26通过其与电磁衔铁16的连接而一起运动,而没有使第一闭合元件26从第一阀座24抬起。在示出的实施例中,阈值可通过所使用的弹簧元件28的特性来预先设定和设定。在此,如此预先设定弹簧元件28的弹力,使得在沿闭合方向、即从至少一个第一流体开口19.1朝至少一个第二流体开口19.2的方向流经第二阀座34时,弹力大于对应的流体力,并且可将主级30保持在打开的状态中。
如从图1至图3中进一步可见的那样,在示出的实施例中,两级电磁阀1实施为两级无电流时闭合的切换阀,并且例如可作为高压切换阀用在车辆的液压制动系统中。相比于ABS(ABS:Antiblockiersystem)设备,在ESP(ESP:Elektronisches
Figure BDA0002747360460000061
)设备中使用两个特殊的阀。阀中的一个为这种高压切换阀。高压切换阀在第一种情况下能够在没有驾驶愿望的情况下实现干预制动系统。为此,必须打开用于泵的吸入路径,使得其可代替驾驶员提供用于调节的所需压力。在第二种情况下,可在驾驶愿望(制动)和用于稳定车辆的ESP调节之间出现重叠。为此,此时必须可打开该路径,以克服由驾驶员引入的压力(高压)。
对于这两种情况,可使用示出的两级无电流时闭合的电磁阀1,其阀座24、34可根据应用情况(无压力、大密封座)或驾驶愿望(高压、小密封座并且随着高压减小又是大密封座)通过可运动的电磁衔铁16经由电磁组件3的线圈绕组3.3的通电打开。
如从图1至图3进一步可见的那样,在示出的实施例中,回位弹簧17布置在磁极铁芯14和电磁衔铁16之间。在此,电磁衔铁16具有实施为居中的盲孔钻孔的弹簧容纳部,其至少部分地容纳和引导回位弹簧17。
如从图1至图3进一步可见的那样,在根据本发明的两级电磁阀1的示出的实施例中,阀筒10包括与阀套12连接的阀下部19,其实施为环形阀体32压入到里面的套筒。在两级电磁阀1的示出的实施例中,第二闭合元件34实施为密封套36A,其中,第一阀座24布置在第二闭合元件36的第一轴向贯通开口38处。此外,第二闭合元件36至少局部地布置在前置级罩壳22中,其中,第一阀座34布置在前置级罩壳22中。前置级罩壳22在其敞开端固定地与电磁衔铁16的连接区域16.1接合。从至少一个第一流体开口19.1至前置级20的流路径引导通过在前置级罩壳22中的至少一个流入开口39。此外,在电磁衔铁16和前置级罩壳22之间形成轴向间隙42。在示出的实施例中,多个流入开口39作为径向钻孔引入到前置级罩壳22中,并且通道环绕的轴向间隙42中。
如从图1至图3进一步可见的那样,第二闭合元件36沿轴向可运动地布置在前置级罩壳22中。在此,弹簧元件28布置在前置级罩壳22和第二闭合元件36之间,并且在示出的实施例中实施为螺旋压力弹簧,其将第二闭合元件36朝电磁衔铁16的方向按压,使得第一闭合元件26可在电磁阀1的在图1中示出的无电流的状态中密封布置在轴向的第一贯通开口38处的第一阀座24。如从图1至图3进一步可见的那样,在示出的实施例中,第一闭合元件26构造为闭合球26A,并且固定地与电磁衔铁16连接。第二闭合元件36以背对电磁衔铁16的端部穿过前置级罩壳22的轴向端侧的开口23,并且通过弹簧元件28支撑在在前置级罩壳22处的开口23的边缘23.1处。在第二闭合元件36A处构造有止挡36.2,其在示出的实施例中实施为止挡凸肩36.2A。在此,在第二闭合元件36的止挡36.2和在前置级罩壳22中的开口23的边缘23.1之间的距离确定前置级行程hV。
如从图1至图3进一步可见的那样,阀下部19实施为环形阀体32压入到里面的套筒。阀体32具有第二轴向贯通开口33,该第二轴向贯通开口比在第二闭合元件36中的第一贯通开口38具有更大的横截面。在第二贯通开口33处构造有在实施为套筒的阀下部19中的第二阀座34。替代地,第二阀座34可构造在引入到套筒状的阀下部19中的第二流体开口19.2处。通过第二闭合元件36的轴向运动,可将第二阀座34和主级30打开和闭合。套筒状的阀下部19可优选地制成为多级式深冲件。前置级罩壳22和第二闭合元件36伸入到阀下部19中,使得第二闭合元件36可与第二阀座34密封地共同作用。阀下部19在其自由端具有第二流体开口19.2。在此,阀下部19布置在未示出的流体块中。如从图1至图3进一步可见的那样,多个第一流体开口19.1作为径向钻孔引入到阀下部19的侧面中。此外,在第一流体开口19.1的区域中布置有径向过滤器5,其可阻挡较大的污物颗粒。阀1可通过填隙盘7锁牢在流体块中。
在示出的实施例中,前置级罩壳22在其敞开端固定地压装在电磁衔铁16的连接区域16.1上。替代地,可将前置级罩壳22与电磁衔铁16的连接区域16.1的接合部实施为焊接部或螺纹连接。
如从图1至图3进一步可见的那样,电磁组件3包括帽状的壳体外罩3.1、线圈绕组3.3施加在上面的绕组载体3.2、和盖板3.4,盖板对壳体外罩3.1在其敞开侧进行封闭。阀筒10以磁极铁芯侧的端部至少部分地引入到电磁组件3中,其中,电磁组件3的上端与磁极铁芯14贴靠,并且电磁组件3的下端与阀套12贴靠。电磁组件3通过对线圈绕组33通电产生磁场,磁场使电磁衔铁16克服回位弹簧17的力运动。
不必像传统的两级电磁阀那样经过前置级行程hV来打开主级30,在根据本发明的两级电磁阀1的实施方式中,电磁衔铁16的总行程hG用于打开前置级20或主级30。因此,不同于传统的电磁阀,电磁衔铁10的总行程hG可设定得明显更小。因此,在电磁衔铁16和磁极铁芯14之间的工作气隙18明显更小,这引起显著更大的磁力。在此,弹簧元件28的弹力比在传统的两级电磁阀中预先设定得更大,以便在沿闭合方向流过两级电磁阀1时,第二闭合元件36没有被流体力压到第二阀座34中,并且使主级30闭合。然而,在打开时,必须克服弹簧元件28的更强的弹力。但通过提高的磁力更多地补偿了该额外力消耗。如从图2和图3进一步可见的那样,在示出的实施例中,在打开的状态中,电磁衔铁16直接与磁极铁芯14贴靠,使得可减小保持电流。

Claims (10)

1.一种两级电磁阀(1),其具有电磁组件(3)和阀筒(10),该阀筒包围磁极铁芯(14)、电磁衔铁(16)、至少一个第一流体开口(19.1)、至少一个第二流体开口(19.2)、具有第一阀座(24)和第一闭合元件(26)的前置级(20)、以及具有更大的第二阀座(34)和第二闭合元件(36)的主级(30),所述电磁衔铁能在阀套(12)中通过由所述电磁组件(3)产生的磁力克服回位弹簧(17)的力沿轴向在闭合位置和打开位置之间运动,其中,所述电磁衔铁(16)与所述第一闭合元件(26)连接,并且通过弹簧元件(28)与所述第二闭合元件(36)耦联,其中,在所述第一闭合元件(26)和所述第二闭合元件(36)之间能够实现由能调节的前置级行程(hV)限定的、克服所述弹簧元件(28)的弹力的相对运动,其中,在所述电磁衔铁(16)和所述磁极铁芯(14)之间的能调节的工作气隙(18)预先设定所述电磁衔铁(16)的总行程(hB),其特征在于,所述电磁衔铁(16)在其打开运动期间相应以相同的总行程(hG)打开所述前置级(20)或所述主级(30),其中,所述电磁衔铁(16)的前置级行程(hV)被设定成大于所述总行程(hG)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电磁阀(1),其特征在于,所述电磁衔铁(16)根据在所述至少一个第一流体开口(19.1)和所述至少一个第二流体开口(19.2)之间的实际压力差(P1-P2)通过所述第一闭合元件(26)打开所述第一阀座(24),或通过所述第二闭合元件(36)打开所述第二阀座(34)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电磁阀(1),其特征在于,如果在所述至少一个第一流体开口(19.1)和所述至少一个第二流体开口(19.2)之间的实际压力差(P1-P2)大于阈值,所述电磁衔铁(16)使所述第一闭合元件(26)运动离开所述第一阀座(24),其中,在所述至少一个第一流体开口(19.1)和所述至少一个第二流体开口(19.2)的之间的压力平衡之后,所述弹簧元件(28)使所述第二闭合元件(36)运动离开所述第二阀座(34),并且将所述主级(30)打开以及将所述前置级(20)闭合。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的电磁阀(1),其特征在于,如果在所述至少一个第一流体开口(19.1)和所述至少一个第二流体开口(19.2)之间的实际压力差(P1-P2)小于或等于阈值,所述电磁衔铁(16)在所述前置级(20)闭合的情况下使所述第二闭合元件(36)运动离开所述第二阀座(34),并且将所述主级(30)打开。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的电磁阀(1),其特征在于,预先设定所述弹簧元件(28)的弹力,使得在沿闭合方向流经所述第二阀座(34)时该弹力大于对应的流体力,并且将所述主级(30)保持在打开的状态中。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的电磁阀(1),其特征在于,所述第一阀座(24)布置在所述第二闭合元件(36)的第一轴向贯通开口(38)处。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的电磁阀(1),其特征在于,所述第二闭合体(36)至少局部地布置在前置级罩壳(22)中,其中,所述第一阀座(34)布置在所述前置级罩壳(22)内部。
8.根据权利要求7所述的电磁阀(1),其特征在于,所述前置级罩壳(22)在其敞开的端部处固定地与所述电磁衔铁(16)的连接区域(16.1)接合。
9.根据权利要求8所述的电磁阀(1),其特征在于,所述第二闭合元件(36A)以背对所述电磁衔铁(16)的端部穿过所述前置级罩壳(22)的轴向开口(23),并且通过所述弹簧元件(28)支撑在所述前置级罩壳(22)处的开口(23)的边缘(23.1)处。
10.根据权利要求9所述的电磁阀(1),其特征在于,在所述第二闭合元件(36A)处构造有止挡(36.2),其中,在所述第二闭合元件(36)的止挡(36.2)和所述前置级罩壳(22)中的开口(23)的边缘(23.1)之间的距离确定所述前置级行程(hV)。
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CN114458815B (zh) * 2022-02-15 2023-09-05 慕思健康睡眠股份有限公司 一种电磁阀控制系统
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