CN112740966A - Planting method for transplanting fresh sweet corn in water - Google Patents
Planting method for transplanting fresh sweet corn in water Download PDFInfo
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- CN112740966A CN112740966A CN202110077144.7A CN202110077144A CN112740966A CN 112740966 A CN112740966 A CN 112740966A CN 202110077144 A CN202110077144 A CN 202110077144A CN 112740966 A CN112740966 A CN 112740966A
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- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 241000482268 Zea mays subsp. mays Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- MXWJVTOOROXGIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N atrazine Chemical compound CCNC1=NC(Cl)=NC(NC(C)C)=N1 MXWJVTOOROXGIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 aperture of 2.5cm Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method for transplanting fresh sweet corn in water, which comprises the steps of seedling raising, land preparation, transplanting and field management; in the seedling raising technology, the cap wearing/handstand phenomenon of the emergence of the sweet corn can be effectively prevented by controlling the sowing depth, and the emergence rate and the uniformity are ensured; the film pressing technology of the soil blocks is utilized in the soil preparation process, so that the convenience of film recovery is effectively guaranteed, and the pollution of the film is reduced; the transplanting uniformity is ensured by using a punching film technology in the transplanting process, the survival rate of fresh sweet corn is ensured by using an underwater transplanting technology, the plant maturity is ensured to be consistent, and the transplanting convenience is ensured by keeping the moisture of the field; the field management can effectively reduce the fertilizing amount and prevent the fertilizer from losing; by utilizing a secondary soaking technology, the compound fertilizer can be effectively utilized; the labor capacity and the intensity of fresh corn management are effectively reduced by utilizing the machine. The planting technology can effectively improve the planting level of the fresh sweet corn, increase the economic benefit of farmers, and is simple and convenient to operate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a planting method for transplanting fresh sweet corns in water.
Background
With the requirements of people on food quality improvement and the promotion of market demands, the development of the fresh corn industry is rapidly developed. However, the sugar content of the fresh sweet corn is higher, and the seeds formed after the moisture is separated from the fresh sweet corn contain less nutrient substances, so that the hundred-grain weight is lighter than that of the kernel corn due to the shrinkage of endosperm, and the germination rate of the fresh sweet corn seeds is lower than that of the kernel corn due to other reasons; meanwhile, fresh corn is sold as fresh ears, the ears can be guaranteed to be mature and consistent when the fresh corn is harvested, secondary or tertiary harvesting is avoided, and no special requirements are required for the harvesting period when the kernel corn is harvested to obtain dry kernels. In summary, the planting of fresh sweet corn cannot be done in a seed way.
The fresh-eating sweet corn has much higher economic benefit than kernel corn, and the required quality and other characteristics (such as uniformity and cluster uniformity) are higher than those of the kernel corn, so that the seeding technology of the fresh-eating sweet corn is more precise than the direct seeding of the kernel corn. In the existing sweet corn planting method, the yield of the sweet corn is low by adopting the traditional planting method, the pollution of a plastic film is serious, the planting cost is high, the quality of the planted sweet corn is poor, and the economic benefit is poor.
Therefore, the problem to be solved by those skilled in the art is how to provide a new planting method of fresh sweet corn with low cost, no pollution, and high yield and quality.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a planting method for transplanting fresh sweet corn in water, which optimizes seedling raising, planting and field management technologies and improves the economic benefit of the fresh sweet corn.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a planting method for transplanting fresh sweet corn in water comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: seedling raising
Filling a seedling raising matrix into each planting hole of the porous seedling raising tray, dibbling 1 fresh corn seed in each planting hole, covering the seedling raising matrix until the top end of the seedling raising matrix is flush with the surface of the seedling raising tray, watering thoroughly, and raising seedlings until the seedlings sprout;
step two: soil preparation
(2.1) preparing soil, and ditching among the moist surfaces;
(2.2) applying a balance fertilizer and calcium superphosphate on the soil moisture surface as base fertilizers, and applying a herbicide to seal grass;
(2.3) paving a mulching film on the ground, punching holes, and pressing the edge of the mulching film with soil blocks;
step three: transplanting
When the seedlings are grown to three leaves and one core, irrigating the whole land, blocking the water inlet and the water outlet after the water quantity is equal to the depth of the ditch, and transplanting the seedlings in each hole of the perforated mulching film;
step four: management of field
(4.1) calculating the amount of fertilizer and pesticide required in the corresponding period according to the characteristics of the fresh corn in the growth period, then putting the fertilizer or pesticide into a nylon mesh bag, soaking the nylon mesh bag in a container for dissolving, and then pouring the nylon mesh bag into a fertilization container or a pesticide spraying device for adding water to reach the required concentration;
and (4.2) connecting the drip irrigation device with a fertilization container for field fertilization, and spraying the pesticide by adopting a tank root of the drip irrigation device or a field spraying machine.
Preferably, in the step one, 1/3 deep seedling raising matrix is filled in the planting hole before the seeds are sowed.
Preferably, in the step (2.1), the width of the furrow is 100cm-160cm, and the depth of the furrow is 30cm-45 cm.
Preferably, in step (2.1) support rods are inserted at the end of each plot for fixing pesticide or fertilizer applicators in subsequent field management.
Preferably, the herbicide in the step (2.2) is sprayed on the soil moisture surface and the ditch by adding 50-60 kg of water per 100-140 g/mu of atrazine.
Preferably, the mass ratio of elements in the balanced fertilizer in the step (2.2) is N: P: K ═ 1:1:1, the fertilizing amount of the balanced fertilizer is 40 kg/mu, and the fertilizing amount of the calcium superphosphate is 20 kg/mu.
Preferably, in the step (2.3), the interval between the earth block pressing points at the edge of the mulching film is 50 cm.
Preferably, the fertilization and pesticide spraying amount corresponding to the specific growth period in the step (4.1) is as follows:
and (3) seedling fertilizer: 3-5 leaves or 5-8 days after transplantation, 5-10 kg/mu urea;
c, fertilizer extraction: 7-9 leaves, 10-15 kg of urea per mu, and adding balance fertilizer according to the proportion of 7.5-10 kg per mu;
ear fertilization: 11 leaves, 20-30 kg/mu urea, and 150 g/mu potassium dihydrogen phosphate for 2-3 times;
granular fertilizer: fertilizing in a grouting period, and mixing urea: 1:100 of water, potassium dihydrogen phosphate: water 1: (100-400) the two are mixed and sprayed on the leaf surface for 1-2 times, or 5-10 kg/mu of urea is directly applied.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the planting method for transplanting the fresh sweet corn in water has the following beneficial effects that:
1) in the seedling raising technology, the cap wearing/handstand phenomenon of the emergence of the sweet corn can be effectively prevented by controlling the sowing depth, and the emergence rate and the uniformity are ensured;
2) the transplanting uniformity is ensured by utilizing a punching film technology;
3) the film pressing technology of the soil blocks is utilized, the convenience of film recovery is effectively guaranteed, and the pollution of the film is reduced;
4) the survival rate of the fresh sweet corn is ensured and the plant maturity is consistent by using the technology of transplanting in water, and meanwhile, the water content of the field is kept to ensure the convenience of transplanting (the depth of preventing feet from sinking into soil is effectively reduced);
5) the fresh corn fertilization management generally adopts the spreading urea/compound fertilizer, so that the fertilizing amount is not uniform and the fertilizer is easy to lose after being irrigated, and the technology can effectively reduce the fertilizing amount and prevent the fertilizer from losing;
6) by utilizing a secondary soaking technology, the compound fertilizer can be effectively utilized;
7) the labor capacity and the intensity of fresh corn management are effectively reduced by utilizing the machine.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a seedling tray used in a planting method for transplanting fresh sweet corn in water provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of soil preparation, surface moisture and ditching structure in the planting method for transplanting fresh sweet corn in water provided by the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a fertilizer application device used in the planting method for transplanting fresh sweet corn in water provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the substrate described in the examples is a commercially available planting culture substrate, and no further description is given here.
Example 1
As shown in the attached figure 1 of the drawings,
the method comprises the following steps: seedling raising
Utilizing 200-hole seedling raising trays (PS material, aperture of 2.5cm, hole depth of 4.2cm and weight of about 110g), filling 1/3-deep seedling raising substrates into each planting hole, dibbling 1 fresh corn seed in each hole, covering the seedling raising substrates to the top end, scraping off redundant substrates from one end to the other end of the tray to be vertical to the tray surface by using a scraper when covering, leveling the excess substrates to the tray surface, thoroughly watering, and raising seedlings until sprouting;
as shown in the attached figure 2 of the drawings,
step two: soil preparation
(2.1) preparing soil, ditching among the moist soil surfaces, wherein the width of the moist soil surface is 100cm or 160cm, and the depth of the ditch is 30cm-45 cm;
(2.2) applying 40 kg/mu of balance fertilizer and 20 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate in a mass ratio of N to P to K of 1 to 1 as base fertilizers on the moist surfaces, and spraying 50-60 kg of atrazine 100-140 g to water per mu into the moist surfaces and the ditches;
(2.3) paving a mulching film on the ground, punching holes, pressing the edges of the mulching film with soil blocks at intervals of 50 cm;
wherein, the mulching film can be a PE film with the thickness of 1 silk or other films commonly used in the field;
step three: transplanting
When the seedlings are grown to three leaves and one core, irrigating the whole land, blocking the water inlet and the water outlet after the water quantity is equal to the depth of the ditch, and transplanting the seedlings in each hole of the perforated mulching film;
step four: management of field
(4.1) calculating the amount of fertilizer and pesticide required in the corresponding period according to the characteristics of the fresh corn in the growth period, then putting the fertilizer or pesticide into a nylon mesh bag, soaking the nylon mesh bag in a container for dissolving, and then pouring the nylon mesh bag into a fertilization container or a pesticide spraying device for adding water to reach the required concentration;
the specific fertilization is as follows: and (3) seedling fertilizer: 3-5 leaves or 5-8 days after transplantation, 5-10 kg/mu urea;
c, fertilizer extraction: 7-9 leaves, 10-15 kg of urea per mu, and adding balance fertilizer according to the proportion of 7.5-10 kg per mu;
ear fertilization: 11 leaves, 20-30 kg/mu urea, and 150 g/mu potassium dihydrogen phosphate for 2-3 times;
granular fertilizer: fertilizing in a grouting period, and mixing urea: 1:100 of water, potassium dihydrogen phosphate: water 1: (100-400) the two are mixed and sprayed on the leaf surface for 1-2 times, or 5-10 kg/mu of urea is directly applied.
And (4.2) connecting the drip irrigation device with a fertilization container for field fertilization, and spraying the pesticide by adopting a tank root of the drip irrigation device or a field spraying machine.
In field management, a sprayer with proper technical parameters is selected according to the land parcel: the land mass below 5 mu is selected to have the rotation speed of 500-;
in the process of dissolving the fertilizer or the pesticide, the specific application amount and the final concentration of the pesticide or the fertilizer are firstly calculated, the fertilizer amount and the water adding amount are determined, then the fertilizer or the pesticide is firstly placed in a small container and dissolved by adding part of the total water, and then the dissolved material is placed in a large container to prepare the final spraying specification fertilizer or pesticide.
According to the planting requirement, drip irrigation and root irrigation application or ground spraying can be selected;
a wood stick with the width of 5cm and the length of 30cm is inserted into the end of each moisture surface to serve as a support rod, a sprayer or a container is fixed on the support rod, a connecting spray pipe covers the whole moisture surface, or a drip irrigation pipeline is connected to uniformly irrigate fertilizer to the root of each corn.
Compared with the traditional film-covering direct seeding planting, the method has the advantages that the fertilizer utilization rate is increased by 28%, and the labor force is reduced by 4 persons/mu of season; the emergence rate is increased by 21 percent, the harvesting period is reduced by 1-2 times (the harvesting period is inconsistent with the traditional planting due to maturation, and the labor and land utilization rate are wasted by 2-3 times), and the first-level commodity rate is increased by 33 percent.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. A planting method for transplanting fresh sweet corn in water is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: seedling raising
Filling a seedling raising matrix into each planting hole of the porous seedling raising tray, dibbling 1 fresh corn seed in each planting hole, covering the seedling raising matrix until the top end of the seedling raising matrix is flush with the surface of the seedling raising tray, watering thoroughly, and raising seedlings until the seedlings sprout;
step two: soil preparation
(2.1) preparing soil, and ditching among the moist surfaces;
(2.2) applying a balance fertilizer and calcium superphosphate on the soil moisture surface as base fertilizers, and applying a herbicide to seal grass;
(2.3) paving a mulching film on the ground, punching holes, and pressing the edge of the mulching film with soil blocks;
step three: transplanting
When the seedlings are grown to three leaves and one core, irrigating the whole land, blocking the water inlet and the water outlet after the water quantity is equal to the depth of the ditch, and transplanting the seedlings in each hole of the perforated mulching film;
step four: management of field
(4.1) calculating the amount of fertilizer and pesticide required in the corresponding period according to the characteristics of the fresh corn in the growth period, then putting the fertilizer or pesticide into a nylon mesh bag, soaking the nylon mesh bag in a container for dissolving, and then pouring the nylon mesh bag into a fertilization container or a pesticide spraying device for adding water to reach the required concentration;
and (4.2) connecting the drip irrigation device with a fertilization container for field fertilization, and spraying the pesticide by adopting a tank root of the drip irrigation device or a field spraying machine.
2. The planting method for transplanting the fresh sweet corn in the water as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step, 1/3 deep seedling raising matrix is filled in the planting holes before the seeds are sowed.
3. The planting method for transplanting the fresh sweet corns in the water as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2.1), the width of the furrow is 100cm-160cm, and the depth of the furrow is 30cm-45 cm.
4. The method for planting fresh sweet corn in water as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (2.1), support rods are inserted at the end of each furrow for fixing pesticide or fertilizer application devices in subsequent field management.
5. The planting method for transplanting fresh sweet corns in water as claimed in claim 1, wherein the herbicide in the step (2.2) is sprayed on the moist soil surface and the ditches after being mixed with 50-60 kg of water for each 100-140 g/mu of atrazine.
6. The planting method for transplanting the fresh sweet corn in the water as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of elements in the balance fertilizer in the step (2.2) is N: P: K ═ 1:1:1, the fertilizing amount of the balance fertilizer is 40 kg/mu, and the fertilizing amount of the calcium superphosphate is 20 kg/mu.
7. The planting method for transplanting the fresh sweet corn in the water as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2.3), the interval between the soil block pressing points at the edge of the mulching film is 50 cm.
8. The planting method for transplanting fresh sweet corns in water as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilization and pesticide spraying amount corresponding to the specific growth period in the step (4.1) is as follows:
and (3) seedling fertilizer: 3-5 leaves or 5-8 days after transplantation, 5-10 kg/mu urea;
c, fertilizer extraction: 7-9 leaves, 10-15 kg of urea per mu, and adding balance fertilizer according to the proportion of 7.5-10 kg per mu;
ear fertilization: 11 leaves, 20-30 kg/mu urea, and 150 g/mu potassium dihydrogen phosphate for 2-3 times;
granular fertilizer: fertilizing in a grouting period, and mixing urea: 1:100 of water, potassium dihydrogen phosphate: water 1: (100-400) the two are mixed and sprayed on the leaf surface for 1-2 times, or 5-10 kg/mu of urea is directly applied.
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2021
- 2021-01-20 CN CN202110077144.7A patent/CN112740966A/en active Pending
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Application publication date: 20210504 |