CN112690121A - Over-summer watermelon cultivation method - Google Patents
Over-summer watermelon cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112690121A CN112690121A CN202011556756.6A CN202011556756A CN112690121A CN 112690121 A CN112690121 A CN 112690121A CN 202011556756 A CN202011556756 A CN 202011556756A CN 112690121 A CN112690121 A CN 112690121A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Abstract
The invention provides a method for cultivating over-summer watermelons, which comprises the steps of seedling cultivation, field planting, management after field planting, pruning and vine guiding and pollination; the seedling is raised; seedling in summer, adopting pumpkin as stock, taking a 'Na bit' watermelon seedling as scion, grafting and seedling, and managing seedling stage after grafting; and (3) planting: deeply turning over for 60-70cm before field planting, deeply applying base fertilizer, irrigating with big water after fertilizing, airing for 6-8 days after irrigating, and then opening holes for field planting; the field planting seedlings are four-leaf one-core seedlings, and field planting fertilizers are applied to holes before field planting. The method for cultivating the overwintering watermelons has the advantages of high water melon sitting rate and good fruit quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of watermelon planting, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating over-summer watermelons.
Background
A new watermelon variety cultivated by small watermelons in recent years is suitable for diversified cultivation due to small fruit type, high quality and short growth period, has high planting benefit, is very suitable for the consumption habits of the current masses and has wide market potential. The pest and disease damage is mainly prevented, and the disease and disease damage is generally prevented and controlled by a broad-spectrum bactericide once in 10-15 days.
Na is a watermelon variety introduced by Hangzhou three-male seedling company Limited, and Na is a certified number: zhe article No. 307. The fruit is oval, the shape of the fruit is stable, the peel of the fruit is thin, the flower skin and the red flesh are thin, and the weight of a single fruit is about 2 kg. The premature small hybrid has good continuous fruiting performance, crisp and tender meat and more than 12 percent of central soluble solid content. The yield per mu is 2000 kg generally.
Planting more than one plant in spring of Zhejiang province; in a northern planting experiment, the fact that when the Nabi watermelon is planted in summer, the fruit setting rate is low, the peel is thick, and the pulp is easy to form a cavity; therefore, it has been a growing difficulty in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the method for cultivating the overwintering watermelons, which improves the fruit setting rate of the overwintering planting of the Nabia watermelons and obviously lightens the thickness of the peel and the pulp cavities.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for cultivating over-summer watermelons comprises the following steps:
step 1, seedling raising
In summer, the pumpkin is used as a stock, the latte watermelon seedling is used as a scion, grafting seedling is carried out, seedling management is carried out after grafting, and the joint healing is good. And (3) seedling stage management: the temperature is controlled to be 22-28 ℃, the humidity is 50-55%, the ventilation is good, and the direct sun exposure is avoided. Spraying water for 2 times every day for 8:00-10:00 in the morning and 5:00-7:00 in the afternoon.
Step 2, planting
Deeply turning for 60-70cm before planting, and deeply applying a base fertilizer into a soil layer with the depth of 25-35 cm; no base fertilizer is applied in the soil layer of 0-20 cm. Irrigating with big water after fertilizing, airing for 6-8 days after irrigating, and then opening the hole for field planting. The base fertilizer is fermented manure, and the using amount is 100 kg/mu.
Before field planting, fixed planting holes are formed, the depth of the fixed planting holes is 15-20cm, the distance between the fixed planting holes is 30-35cm, and the row spacing of the fixed planting is 120-140 cm. Before field planting, firstly, applying field planting fertilizer in the holes, wherein the using amount of the field planting fertilizer is 30-50 g/hole. The seedling is a four-leaf one-heart seedling.
After planting, the seedlings are sprayed with water once, and cannot be watered with large water.
The planting fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
40-50 parts of sodium humate, 8-9 parts of calcium metaphosphate, 1-2 parts of amino-oligosaccharin, 2-3 parts of EDTA chelated zinc, 0.5-1 part of borax, 1-2 parts of eclipta powder, 0.5-1 part of alum, 1-3 parts of phellodendron powder and 3-4 parts of mulberry leaf powder.
Step 3, managing after field planting
(1) And (4) controlling the temperature. Controlling the temperature to be 32-35 ℃ in the growth period; from the initial flowering stage to the fruit setting stage, controlling the temperature at 27-29 ℃, controlling the growth speed, promoting the conversion from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, gradually increasing the ventilation openings along with the increase of the outside air temperature, and reducing the humidity in the greenhouse; the temperature is controlled between 28 and 30 ℃ in the fruit swelling period.
(2) And (5) managing fertilizer and water. Watering once every 6-8 days after planting. Watering once every 10-12 days after pollination to the fruit setting period; spraying the special foliar fertilizer once every 10 to 15 days, wherein the using amount of the special foliar fertilizer is 100 g/mu, and the special foliar fertilizer is diluted by 600 times when being applied. Watering once every 4-6 days in the fruit swelling period, and applying a special water flush fertilizer once every 8-12 days in the fruit swelling period, wherein the using amount of the water flush fertilizer is 5-6 kg/mu.
The special foliar fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
10-15 parts of glutamic acid, 10-12 parts of methionine, 4-5 parts of aspartic acid, 5-7 parts of dextrin, 6-8 parts of chlorogenic acid, 2-4 parts of inulin, 2-3 parts of algal polysaccharide, 0.3-0.5 part of riboflavin, 0.1-0.15 part of brassinolide and 20-25 parts of water.
The water flush fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
15-17 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 2-4 parts of potassium nitrate, 8-9 parts of fulvic acid, 1-2 parts of sodium glutamate, 4-5 parts of phosphorus pentoxide and 1-1.5 parts of ferrous sulfate.
(3) And (3) disease and pest control. The prevention and control of diseases and pests are mainly carried out, and the prevention and control are carried out by using a broad-spectrum bactericide once in 10-15 days.
Step 4, pruning and vine guiding
And (3) beating the heart when the melon seedlings grow to 9-10 true leaves, promoting the lateral vines, selecting and reserving 2 sub-vines with basically similar growth when the lateral vines grow to 20-25cm, straightening the extending direction of the sub-vines in time, and keeping the oblique growth of 15-20 degrees with the ridge surface. In the process of leading the tendrils, lateral branches below 10 knots are removed in time.
Step 5, pollination
When the vine grows to 16-18 nodes and the female flower is opened, artificial pollination is carried out. Pollination, on the day of female flower opening, 8 a day in the morning: 00-11: collecting male flowers during 30 periods, smearing pollen of the male flowers on stigmas of the female flowers, pollinating 1 female flower per vine, and pollinating 1 time per female flower.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the over-summer watermelon cultivation method is adopted for cultivating the over-summer watermelons, and the water melon setting rate reaches over 99.3 percent.
2. The method is adopted to cultivate the over-summer watermelons, so that the thick-peel fruit incidence rate and the cavity fruit incidence rate of the watermelons are greatly reduced.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples.
Comparative example 1
The watermelon cultivation method comprises the following steps:
step 1, seedling raising
In summer, the pumpkin is used as a stock, the latte watermelon seedling is used as a scion, grafting seedling is carried out, seedling management is carried out after grafting, and the joint healing is good. And (3) seedling stage management: the temperature is controlled at 28 ℃, the humidity is controlled at 60%, the ventilation is good, and the direct sun exposure is avoided. Spraying water for 2 times every day for 8:00-10:00 in the morning and 5:00-7:00 in the afternoon.
Step 2, planting
Ploughing by 40cm before planting, and applying a base fertilizer into a soil layer with the depth of 0-10 cm; and (4) irrigating with big water after fertilization, airing for 7 days after irrigation, and then, opening holes and planting. The base fertilizer is fermented manure, and the using amount is 100 kg/mu.
Before field planting, fixed planting holes are formed, the depth of the fixed planting holes is 20cm, the distance between the fixed planting holes is 50cm, and the row spacing of the fixed planting is 120 cm. Before field planting, firstly, applying field planting fertilizer in the holes, wherein the using amount of the field planting fertilizer is 30-50 g/hole. The seedling is a four-leaf one-heart seedling.
After planting, the seedlings are sprayed with water once, and cannot be watered with large water.
The planting fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
40 parts of sodium humate, 9 parts of calcium metaphosphate, 2 parts of EDTA chelated zinc, 1 part of borax, 0.5 part of alum and 1 part of phellodendron powder.
Step 3, managing after field planting
(1) And (4) controlling the temperature. Controlling the temperature to be 30 ℃ in the growth period; from the initial flowering stage to the fruit setting stage, controlling the temperature at 32 ℃, controlling the growth speed, promoting the conversion from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, gradually increasing the ventilation openings along with the increase of the outside air temperature, and reducing the humidity in the greenhouse; the temperature is controlled at 31 ℃ in the fruit swelling period.
(2) And (5) managing fertilizer and water. Watering once every 6-7 days after planting. Watering once every 10-12 days after pollination to the fruit setting period; the special foliar fertilizer is sprayed once every 10 to 12 days, the using amount of the special foliar fertilizer is 100 g/mu, and the special foliar fertilizer is diluted by 500 times when being applied. Watering once every 4-5 days in the fruit swelling period, and applying a special water flush fertilizer once every 8-10 days in the fruit swelling period, wherein the using amount of the water flush fertilizer is 5 kg/mu.
The special foliar fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
10 parts of glutamic acid, 12 parts of methionine, 6 parts of chlorogenic acid and 20 parts of water.
The water flush fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
15 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 2 parts of potassium nitrate, 9 parts of fulvic acid and 1.5 parts of ferrous sulfate.
(3) And (3) disease and pest control. The prevention and control of diseases and pests are mainly carried out, and the prevention and control are carried out by using a broad-spectrum bactericide once in 10-15 days.
Step 4, pruning and vine guiding
And (3) beating the heart when the melon seedlings grow to 9-10 true leaves, promoting the lateral vines, selecting and reserving 2 sub-vines with basically similar growth when the lateral vines grow to 20-25cm, straightening the extending direction of the sub-vines in time, and keeping the oblique growth of 15-20 degrees with the ridge surface. In the process of leading the tendrils, lateral branches below 10 knots are removed in time.
Step 5, pollination
When the vine grows to 16-18 nodes and the female flower is opened, artificial pollination is carried out. Pollination, on the day of female flower opening, 8 a day in the morning: 00-11: collecting male flowers during 30 periods, smearing pollen of the male flowers on stigmas of the female flowers, pollinating 1 female flower per vine, and pollinating 1 time per female flower.
Embodiment 1 a method for cultivating an over-summer watermelon, comprising the steps of:
step 1, seedling raising
In summer, the pumpkin is used as a stock, the latte watermelon seedling is used as a scion, grafting seedling is carried out, seedling management is carried out after grafting, and the joint healing is good. And (3) seedling stage management: the temperature is controlled to be 25-26 ℃, the humidity is 50-55%, the ventilation is good, and the direct sun exposure is avoided. Spraying water for 2 times every day for 8:00-10:00 in the morning and 5:00-7:00 in the afternoon.
Step 2, planting
Deeply turning for 60-65cm before planting, and deeply applying a base fertilizer into a soil layer with the depth of 25-35 cm; no base fertilizer is applied in the soil layer of 0-20 cm. And (4) irrigating with big water after fertilization, airing for 7 days after irrigation, and then, opening holes and planting. The base fertilizer is fermented manure, and the using amount is 100 kg/mu.
Before field planting, fixed planting holes are formed, the depth of the fixed planting holes is 20cm, the distance between the fixed planting holes is 35cm, and the row spacing of the fixed planting is 120 cm. Before field planting, firstly, applying field planting fertilizer in the holes, wherein the using amount of the field planting fertilizer is 30-50 g/hole. The seedling is a four-leaf one-heart seedling.
After planting, the seedlings are sprayed with water once, and cannot be watered with large water.
The planting fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
40 parts of sodium humate, 9 parts of calcium metaphosphate, 1 part of amino-oligosaccharin, 2 parts of EDTA chelated zinc, 1 part of borax, 1 part of eclipta powder, 0.5 part of alum, 1 part of phellodendron powder and 3 parts of mulberry leaf powder.
Step 3, managing after field planting
(1) And (4) controlling the temperature. Controlling the temperature to be 32-35 ℃ in the growth period; from the initial flowering stage to the fruit setting stage, controlling the temperature at 27-29 ℃, controlling the growth speed, promoting the conversion from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, gradually increasing the ventilation openings along with the increase of the outside air temperature, and reducing the humidity in the greenhouse; the temperature is controlled between 28 and 30 ℃ in the fruit swelling period.
(2) And (5) managing fertilizer and water. Watering once every 6-7 days after planting. Watering once every 10-12 days after pollination to the fruit setting period; the special foliar fertilizer is sprayed once every 10 to 12 days, the using amount of the special foliar fertilizer is 100 g/mu, and the special foliar fertilizer is diluted by 500 times when being applied. Watering once every 4-5 days in the fruit swelling period, and applying a special water flush fertilizer once every 8-10 days in the fruit swelling period, wherein the using amount of the water flush fertilizer is 5 kg/mu.
The special foliar fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
10 parts of glutamic acid, 12 parts of methionine, 4 parts of aspartic acid, 7 parts of dextrin, 6 parts of chlorogenic acid, 2 parts of inulin, 3 parts of algal polysaccharide, 0.3 part of riboflavin, 0.1 part of brassinolide and 20 parts of water.
The water flush fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
15 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 2 parts of potassium nitrate, 9 parts of fulvic acid, 2 parts of sodium glutamate, 5 parts of phosphorus pentoxide and 1.5 parts of ferrous sulfate.
(3) And (3) disease and pest control. The prevention and control of diseases and pests are mainly carried out, and the prevention and control are carried out by using a broad-spectrum bactericide once in 10-15 days.
Step 4, pruning and vine guiding
And (3) beating the heart when the melon seedlings grow to 9-10 true leaves, promoting the lateral vines, selecting and reserving 2 sub-vines with basically similar growth when the lateral vines grow to 20-25cm, straightening the extending direction of the sub-vines in time, and keeping the oblique growth of 15-20 degrees with the ridge surface. In the process of leading the tendrils, lateral branches below 10 knots are removed in time.
Step 5, pollination
When the vine grows to 16-18 nodes and the female flower is opened, artificial pollination is carried out. Pollination, on the day of female flower opening, 8 a day in the morning: 00-11: collecting male flowers during 30 periods, smearing pollen of the male flowers on stigmas of the female flowers, pollinating 1 female flower per vine, and pollinating 1 time per female flower.
Embodiment 2 a method for cultivating an over-summer watermelon, comprising the steps of:
step 1, seedling raising
Same as in example 1.
Step 2, planting
Deeply turning for 60-65cm before planting, and deeply applying a base fertilizer into a soil layer with the depth of 25-35 cm; no base fertilizer is applied in the soil layer of 0-20 cm. And (4) irrigating with big water after fertilization, airing for 7 days after irrigation, and then, opening holes and planting. The base fertilizer is fermented manure, and the using amount is 100 kg/mu.
Before field planting, fixed planting holes are formed, the depth of the fixed planting holes is 20cm, the distance between the fixed planting holes is 35cm, and the row spacing of the fixed planting is 120 cm. Before field planting, firstly, applying field planting fertilizer in the holes, wherein the using amount of the field planting fertilizer is 30-50 g/hole. The seedling is a four-leaf one-heart seedling.
After planting, the seedlings are sprayed with water once, and cannot be watered with large water.
The planting fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
46 parts of sodium humate, 8.3 parts of calcium metaphosphate, 1.5 parts of amino-oligosaccharin, 2.5 parts of EDTA chelated zinc, 0.7 part of borax, 1.5 parts of eclipta powder, 0.6 part of alum, 1.8 parts of phellodendron powder and 3.5 parts of mulberry leaf powder.
Step 3, managing after field planting
(1) And (4) controlling the temperature. Controlling the temperature to be 32-35 ℃ in the growth period; from the initial flowering stage to the fruit setting stage, controlling the temperature at 27-29 ℃, controlling the growth speed, promoting the conversion from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, gradually increasing the ventilation openings along with the increase of the outside air temperature, and reducing the humidity in the greenhouse; the temperature is controlled between 28 and 30 ℃ in the fruit swelling period.
(2) And (5) managing fertilizer and water. Watering once every 6-7 days after planting. Watering once every 10-12 days after pollination to the fruit setting period; the special foliar fertilizer is sprayed once every 10 to 12 days, the using amount of the special foliar fertilizer is 100 g/mu, and the special foliar fertilizer is diluted by 500 times when being applied. Watering once every 4-5 days in the fruit swelling period, and applying a special water flush fertilizer once every 8-10 days in the fruit swelling period, wherein the using amount of the water flush fertilizer is 5 kg/mu.
The special foliar fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
13 parts of glutamic acid, 11 parts of methionine, 4.5 parts of aspartic acid, 6 parts of dextrin, 7 parts of chlorogenic acid, 3 parts of inulin, 2.4 parts of algal polysaccharide, 0.4 part of riboflavin, 0.12 part of brassinolide and 20 parts of water.
The water flush fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
17 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 3 parts of potassium nitrate, 8.5 parts of fulvic acid, 1.5 parts of sodium glutamate, 4.5 parts of phosphorus pentoxide and 1 part of ferrous sulfate.
(3) And (3) disease and pest control.
Same as in example 1.
Step 4, pruning and vine guiding
Same as in example 1.
Step 5, pollination
Same as in example 1.
Embodiment 3 a method for cultivating an over-summer watermelon, comprising the steps of:
step 1, seedling raising
Same as in example 1.
Step 2, planting
Deeply turning for 60-65cm before planting, and deeply applying a base fertilizer into a soil layer with the depth of 25-35 cm; no base fertilizer is applied in the soil layer of 0-20 cm. And (4) irrigating with big water after fertilization, airing for 7 days after irrigation, and then, opening holes and planting. The base fertilizer is fermented manure, and the using amount is 100 kg/mu.
Before field planting, fixed planting holes are formed, the depth of the fixed planting holes is 20cm, the distance between the fixed planting holes is 35cm, and the row spacing of the fixed planting is 120 cm. Before field planting, firstly, applying field planting fertilizer in the holes, wherein the using amount of the field planting fertilizer is 30-50 g/hole. The seedling is a four-leaf one-heart seedling.
After planting, the seedlings are sprayed with water once, and cannot be watered with large water.
The planting fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
50 parts of sodium humate, 9 parts of calcium metaphosphate, 1 part of amino-oligosaccharin, 3 parts of EDTA chelated zinc, 0.5 part of borax, 2 parts of eclipta powder, 0.5 part of alum, 1 part of phellodendron bark powder and 4 parts of mulberry leaf powder.
Step 3, managing after field planting
(1) And (4) controlling the temperature. Controlling the temperature to be 32-35 ℃ in the growth period; from the initial flowering stage to the fruit setting stage, controlling the temperature at 27-29 ℃, controlling the growth speed, promoting the conversion from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, gradually increasing the ventilation openings along with the increase of the outside air temperature, and reducing the humidity in the greenhouse; the temperature is controlled between 28 and 30 ℃ in the fruit swelling period.
(2) And (5) managing fertilizer and water. Watering once every 6-7 days after planting. Watering once every 10-12 days after pollination to the fruit setting period; the special foliar fertilizer is sprayed once every 10 to 12 days, the using amount of the special foliar fertilizer is 100 g/mu, and the special foliar fertilizer is diluted by 500 times when being applied. Watering once every 4-5 days in the fruit swelling period, and applying a special water flush fertilizer once every 8-10 days in the fruit swelling period, wherein the using amount of the water flush fertilizer is 5 kg/mu.
The special foliar fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
15 parts of glutamic acid, 12 parts of methionine, 4 parts of aspartic acid, 7 parts of dextrin, 6 parts of chlorogenic acid, 4 parts of inulin, 2.3 parts of algal polysaccharide, 0.5 part of riboflavin, 0.1 part of brassinolide and 25 parts of water.
The water flush fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
16 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 2 parts of potassium nitrate, 8 parts of fulvic acid, 1.2 parts of sodium glutamate, 4 parts of phosphorus pentoxide and 1.5 parts of ferrous sulfate.
(3) And (3) disease and pest control.
Same as in example 1.
Step 4, pruning and vine guiding
Same as in example 1.
Step 5, pollination
Same as in example 1.
Respectively carrying out over-summer watermelon cultivation experiments by adopting the methods of the embodiments 1-3 and the comparative example 1, carrying out statistics 15 days after pollination, and respectively recording the number of sitting watermelons pollinated for 1 time by a Tabito watermelon plant; see table 1 for details;
TABLE 1
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | |
| Total number of pollinated plants | 800 plants | 800 plants | 800 plants | 800 plants |
| Total number of pollinated female flowers | 1600 pieces of | 1600 pieces of | 1600 pieces of | 1600 pieces of |
| Number of seated melons | 1589 are provided with | 1599 there are | 1592 there are | 1447 are |
| Rate of sitting melon | 99.31％ | 99.94％ | 99.5％ | 90.44％ |
As can be seen, in the cultivation method of the embodiment 1-3, the melon setting condition of 1-time pollination of the plants is counted 15 days after pollination, and the melon setting rate reaches more than 99.3%.
The method of the embodiment 1-3 is adopted to respectively cultivate the over-summer watermelons, the watermelons are respectively sampled and picked 30 days and 35 days after pollination, and the number of thick-peel fruits and empty fruits is detected and counted after cutting; the detection results 30 days after pollination are shown in table 2; the detection results 35 days after pollination are shown in table 3;
TABLE 2
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | |
| Sampling the number of watermelons | 100 of | 100 of | 100 of | 100 of |
| Number of fruits with thick peel | 4 are provided with | 0 number of | 3 are provided with | 22 are provided |
| Number of cavity fruits | 3 are provided with | 0 number of | 1 is provided with | 26 are provided with |
| Incidence of thick fruit | 4％ | 0 | 3％ | 22％ |
| Incidence of cavity fruit | 3％ | 0 | 1％ | 26％ |
TABLE 3
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | |
| Sampling the number of watermelons | 100 of | 100 of | 100 of | 100 of |
| Number of fruits with thick peel | 7 are provided with | 0 number of | 5 are provided with | 28 are provided with |
| Number of cavity fruits | 4 are provided with | 1 is provided with | 3 are provided with | 31 are provided with |
| Incidence of thick fruit | 7％ | 0 | 5％ | 28％ |
| Incidence of cavity fruit | 4％ | 1％ | 3％ | 31％ |
As can be seen from tables 2 and 3, the cultivation method greatly reduces the thick-skinned fruit incidence and the empty fruit incidence of the watermelons, wherein the embodiment 2 is not preferred, the thick-skinned fruit or the empty fruit does not occur 30 days after pollination, the thick-skinned fruit incidence is still 0 35 days after pollination, and the empty fruit incidence is only 1%.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for cultivating over-summer watermelons is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the steps of seedling raising, field planting, management after field planting, pruning and vine guiding and pollination; the seedling is raised; seedling in summer, adopting pumpkin as stock, taking a 'Na bit' watermelon seedling as scion, grafting and seedling, and managing seedling stage after grafting;
and (3) planting: deeply turning over for 60-70cm before field planting, deeply applying base fertilizer, irrigating with big water after fertilizing, airing for 6-8 days after irrigating, and then opening holes for field planting; the field planting seedlings are four-leaf one-core seedlings, and field planting fertilizers are applied to holes before field planting.
2. The method for cultivating over-summer watermelons according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the post-planting management comprises temperature control, fertilizer and water management and disease and pest control; and (3) fertilizer and water management: watering once every 6-8 days after planting; watering once every 10-12 days from pollination to fruit setting period, and spraying special foliar fertilizer once every 10-15 days, wherein the using amount of the special foliar fertilizer is 100 g/mu, and the special foliar fertilizer is diluted by 600 times when applied; watering once every 4-6 days in the fruit swelling period, and applying a special water flush fertilizer once every 8-12 days in the fruit swelling period, wherein the using amount of the water flush fertilizer is 5-6 kg/mu.
3. The method for cultivating over-summer watermelons according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the planting fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of sodium humate, 8-9 parts of calcium metaphosphate, 1-2 parts of amino-oligosaccharin, 2-3 parts of EDTA chelated zinc, 0.5-1 part of borax, 1-2 parts of eclipta powder, 0.5-1 part of alum, 1-3 parts of phellodendron powder and 3-4 parts of mulberry leaf powder.
4. The method for cultivating over-summer watermelons according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the deep application of the base fertilizer comprises the following steps: applying the base fertilizer into a soil layer with the depth of 25-35 cm; no base fertilizer is applied in the soil layer of 0-20 cm.
5. The method for cultivating over-summer watermelons according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the special foliar fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
10-15 parts of glutamic acid, 10-12 parts of methionine, 4-5 parts of aspartic acid, 5-7 parts of dextrin, 6-8 parts of chlorogenic acid, 2-4 parts of inulin, 2-3 parts of algal polysaccharide,Riboflavin0.3-0.5 part, 0.1-0.15 part of brassinolide and 20-25 parts of water.
6. The method for cultivating over-summer watermelons according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the water flush fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
15-17 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 2-4 parts of potassium nitrate, 8-9 parts of fulvic acid, 1-2 parts of sodium glutamate, 4-5 parts of phosphorus pentoxide and 1-1.5 parts of ferrous sulfate.
7. The method for cultivating over-summer watermelons according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the pruning and vine guiding: and (3) beating the heart when the melon seedlings grow to 9-10 true leaves, promoting the lateral vines, selecting and reserving 2 sub-vines with basically similar growth when the lateral vines grow to 20-25cm, straightening the extending direction of the sub-vines, and keeping the oblique growth of 15-20 degrees with the surface of the ridge.
8. The method for cultivating over-summer watermelons according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the pruning and vine guiding: in the process of leading tendrils, lateral branches which occur below 10 knots are removed.
9. The method for cultivating over-summer watermelons according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) pollination: pollination, on the day of female flower opening, 8 a day in the morning: 00-11: collecting male flowers during 30 periods, and smearing pollen of the male flowers on stigmas of female flowers.
10. The method for cultivating over-summer watermelons according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) pollination: each vine pollinates 1 female flower, and each female flower pollinates 1 time.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104429852A (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2015-03-25 | 董承启 | Soilless culturing method for small-fruited watermelons |
| CN108419628A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-08-21 | 宁夏平罗中青种业有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of aspermous watermelon |
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| CN111587746A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-08-28 | 潍坊郭牌农业科技有限公司 | Method for cultivating small-sized watermelons in early spring |
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2020
- 2020-12-25 CN CN202011556756.6A patent/CN112690121A/en not_active Withdrawn
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| CN104429852A (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2015-03-25 | 董承启 | Soilless culturing method for small-fruited watermelons |
| CN108419628A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-08-21 | 宁夏平罗中青种业有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of aspermous watermelon |
| CN109734521A (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2019-05-10 | 赤峰学院 | A kind of fertilizing method for vegetables mineral nutrition balance |
| CN111587746A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-08-28 | 潍坊郭牌农业科技有限公司 | Method for cultivating small-sized watermelons in early spring |
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