CN112638733B - 混合动力车辆的控制方法及控制装置 - Google Patents

混合动力车辆的控制方法及控制装置 Download PDF

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CN112638733B
CN112638733B CN201880097113.4A CN201880097113A CN112638733B CN 112638733 B CN112638733 B CN 112638733B CN 201880097113 A CN201880097113 A CN 201880097113A CN 112638733 B CN112638733 B CN 112638733B
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compression ratio
hybrid vehicle
internal combustion
combustion engine
electric actuator
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CN112638733A (zh
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市原宏树
有永毅
东条智也
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/15Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2009Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for braking
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/13Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
    • B60W20/14Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion in conjunction with braking regeneration
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/15Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
    • B60W20/17Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect for noise reduction
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/18009Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
    • B60W30/18109Braking
    • B60W30/18127Regenerative braking
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01BMACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B31/00Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01B31/14Changing of compression ratio
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00Other engines
    • F02B75/04Engines with variable distances between pistons at top dead-centre positions and cylinder heads
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D15/00Varying compression ratio
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D15/00Varying compression ratio
    • F02D15/02Varying compression ratio by alteration or displacement of piston stroke
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/46Series type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0814Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种串联式混合动力车,该串联式混合动力车具有发电用电动发电机(1)、发电用内燃机(2)、行驶用电动发电机(4)、电池(5)、以及逆变器装置(6)。内燃机(2)具有可变压缩比机构(12)。在行驶用电动发电机(4)进行了再生制动动作时逆变器装置(6)的充电状态(SOC)高于或等于规定水平(SOC1)的情况下,使可变压缩比机构(12)的电动致动器(46)进行动作而使机械压缩比高低变化,消耗剩余的再生电力。

Description

混合动力车辆的控制方法及控制装置
技术领域
本发明涉及混合动力车辆的控制方法及控制装置,该混合动力车辆具备具有可变压缩比机构的内燃机。
背景技术
在专利文献1中公开了如下技术,即,在通过由内燃机驱动的发电机进行发电、使用发电所得到的电力对电动机进行驱动而进行行驶的串联式混合动力车辆中,在减速时电动机进行了再生动作时,在电池成为充满电状态以后,通过再生电力经由发电机对内燃机进行反向驱动。即,在电池成为充满电状态以后,通过内燃机的旋转驱动(所谓电机驱动)消耗剩余的再生电力,能够进行基于电动机的再生制动。
但是,在这样的现有方法中,例如在车辆伴随着再生制动而行驶于长的下坡的情况下,直至电池成为充满电状态为止停止着的内燃机在电池成为充满电状态时突然开始旋转,因此存在给驾驶员、乘客带来不适感的问题。
专利文献1:日本特开平8-79914号公报
发明内容
在本发明中,在内燃机具有使用了电动致动器的可变压缩比机构的混合动力车辆中,当电动发电机在电池处于高于或等于规定水平的充电状态的状态下进行了再生动作时,使上述可变压缩比机构的电动致动器进行动作而消耗所产生的电力。
即使可变压缩比机构的电动致动器进行动作而内燃机的机械压缩比发生变化,通常也不产生驾驶员、乘客身体会感受到的变化。假设即使电动致动器产生一点点动作音,该电动致动器的动作音也远小于伴随着内燃机的电机驱动的机械音。因此,能够在不给驾驶员、乘客带来不适感的情况下吸收再生时的剩余电力。
附图说明
图1是一个实施例的串联式混合动力车的结构说明图。
图2是具有可变压缩比机构的内燃机的结构说明图。
图3是表示再生控制的处理的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面,对将本发明应用于串联式混合动力车的一个实施例进行说明。
图1概略地表示一个实施例的串联式混合动力车的结构。该串联式混合动力车构成为具有:发电用电动发电机1,其主要作为发电机进行动作;内燃机2,其作为与电力请求相应地对该发电用电动发电机1进行驱动的发电用内燃机而使用;行驶用电动发电机4,其主要作为电机进行动作而对驱动轮3进行驱动;电池5,其暂时对发电所得到的电力进行蓄积;以及逆变器装置6,其在电池5与电动发电机1、4之间进行电力转换。通过内燃机2对发电用电动发电机1进行驱动而得到的电力经由逆变器装置6蓄积于电池5。行驶用电动发电机4使用电池5的电力经由逆变器装置6而被驱动控制。行驶用电动发电机4的再生时的电力仍然经由逆变器装置6而蓄积于电池5。此外,逆变器装置6构成为包含发电用电动发电机1用的逆变器和行驶用电动发电机4用的逆变器。
逆变器装置6由负责车辆的行驶控制的车辆侧控制器7进行控制。即,经由通过车辆侧控制器7对逆变器装置6的控制来对电动发电机1、4的动作进行控制。向车辆侧控制器7输入车辆的加速器踏板开度、车速、制动器操作量等的信号,并且输入表示电池5的充电状态(所谓SOC)的信号。此外,充电状态(SOC)基于电池5的端子电压等进行检测。
另外,内燃机2由发动机控制器8进行控制。该发动机控制器8与车辆侧控制器7经由车辆内网络9而连接,相互进行信号的收发。对发电用电动发电机1进行驱动的内燃机2经由该发动机控制器8,与包含电池5的充电状态(SOC)等在内的来自车辆侧的电力请求相应地进行运转。即,如果发动机控制器8与车辆的加速器踏板开度、车速等相应地从车辆侧控制器7接收到电力请求,则与该电力请求相应地对内燃机2进行控制。此外,也可以是将车辆侧控制器7与发动机控制器8作为一个控制器而整合的结构。
图2是表示内燃机2的系统结构的结构说明图。该内燃机2是四冲程循环的火花点火内燃机,具有利用了多连杆式活塞曲柄机构的可变压缩比机构12。在燃烧室13的顶壁面配置一对进气阀14以及一对排气阀15,并且在由这些进气阀14以及排气阀15包围的中央部配置有火花塞16。
在通过上述进气阀14开闭的进气口17的下方,配置有向燃烧室13内直接喷射燃料的燃料喷射阀18。燃料喷射阀18是通过被施加驱动脉冲信号而开阀的电磁式或者压电式的喷射阀,喷射与驱动脉冲信号的脉冲宽度实质上成正比的量的燃料。此外,也可以是在进气口17内进行燃料喷射的进气口喷射式的结构,以取代这样的缸内直接喷射式的结构。
在与上述进气口17连接的进气通路19的总管部19a上游侧,安装有电子控制型节流阀21,该电子控制型节流阀21的开度由来自发动机控制器8的控制信号进行控制,并且,在该电子控制型节流阀21的上游侧配置有对吸入空气量进行检测的空气流量计22。
另外,在与排气口23连接的排气通路24上安装有由三元催化剂构成的催化剂装置25,在该催化剂装置25的上游侧配置有对空燃比进行检测的空燃比传感器26。
另一方面,上述可变压缩比机构12利用了公知的多连杆式活塞曲柄机构,该可变压缩比机构12具有:上连杆33(第一连杆),其一端经由活塞销32与在气缸30内移动的活塞31连结;下连杆37(第二连杆),其一端经由上销34(第一连结销)与该上连杆33的另一端连结,并且中间部与曲轴35的曲柄销36连结;以及控制连杆38(第三连杆),其对该下连杆37的自由度进行限制。上述控制连杆38的前端经由控制销39(第二连结销)与下连杆37的另一端连结,并且基端被控制轴40的偏心轴部41支撑为可摆动。上述曲轴35以及上述控制轴40在气缸体27下部的曲轴箱内经由未图示的轴承构造可旋转自由地被支撑。
在这样构成的多连杆式活塞曲柄机构中,由于偏心轴部41的位置(即控制连杆38的摆动支点位置)与控制轴40的旋转位置相应地上下变化,因此气缸30内的活塞31的上止点位置发生变化,进而内燃机的机械压缩比发生变化。换言之,机械压缩比相对于控制轴40的旋转位置是唯一地确定的。即,在本实施例中,上述控制轴40相当于压缩比控制部件,与该压缩比控制部件即控制轴40的旋转位置相应地唯一地确定机械压缩比。
另外,作为对上述可变压缩比机构12的压缩比进行可变控制的驱动机构,具有与曲轴35平行的输出轴46a的电动致动器46配置于气缸体27下部。电动致动器46是将成为致动器主体的电动机47和对该电动机47的输出旋转进行减速而从输出轴46a输出的减速器48串联结合地配置的结构。上述输出轴46a与上述控制轴40位于相互平行的位置,以两者联动转动的方式使在输出轴46a固定的第一臂49与在控制轴40固定的第二臂50通过中间连杆51而相互连结。
即,如果电动致动器46的输出轴46a旋转,则该旋转从第一臂49经由中间连杆51向第二臂50传递,控制轴40转动。由此,如上所述,内燃机2的机械压缩比发生变化。此外,作为上述减速器48,为了通过比较小型的电动机47得到大的驱动扭矩,使用足够大的减速比,例如1:100或者1:200这样的减速比。此外,在图示例中,相对于输出轴46a的旋转方向,控制轴40向相反方向旋转,但也可以以向相同方向旋转的方式布置第一臂49、第二臂50以及中间连杆51。
上述可变压缩比机构12的目标压缩比在发动机控制器8中以相对于由请求电力确定的内燃机运转条件(负荷以及内燃机转速)成为最佳燃料效率的方式进行设定。然后,以实现该目标压缩比的方式对电动致动器46即电动机47进行驱动控制。与实际的机械压缩比相当的控制轴40的旋转位置由实际压缩比传感器52检测,以遵循目标压缩比的方式进行电动机47的反馈控制。作为基本的压缩比控制的倾向,在请求电力少且内燃机2在比较低速低负荷侧运转时,为了提高热效率而赋予高的目标压缩比,在请求电力大且内燃机2在比较高速高负荷侧运转时,由于爆震的制约而赋予低的目标压缩比。
除了上述空气流量计22、空燃比传感器26、实际压缩比传感器52之外,传感器类的信号直接或者从车辆侧控制器7经由车辆内网络9输入至上述发动机控制器8,该传感器例如是对内燃机2的转速进行检测的曲轴转角传感器53、对内燃机2的冷却水温进行检测的水温传感器54、对由驾驶员操作的加速器踏板的踩踏量进行检测的加速器开度传感器55、对车速进行检测的车速传感器56等。上述发动机控制器8基于这些检测信号,将可变压缩比机构12的机械压缩比、燃料喷射阀18的燃料喷射量以及喷射时机、火花塞16的点火时机、节流阀21的开度等控制为最佳。另外,发动机控制器8与是否需要发电相应地从车辆侧控制器7接收内燃机2的起动指令以及停止指令,据此进行内燃机2的起动以及停止。此外,能够利用发电用电动发电机1进行起动时的转动曲轴(cranking)。
接着,图3表示车辆减速时例如在行驶中加速器踏板开度变为0时、踩踏了制动器踏板时在车辆侧控制器7中执行的再生控制的流程图。在该再生控制中,在步骤1中,作为再生制动,以产生目标制动力的方式使行驶用电动发电机4进行再生动作。接着,在步骤2中,判别当前时间点的电池5的充电状态(SOC)是否低于接近充满电状态的规定水平(SOC1)。
在步骤2中,如果电池5的充电状态(SOC)低于规定水平(SOC1),则进入步骤3,将伴随着再生动作而产生的再生电力像通常那样充电至电池5。然后,从步骤3进入步骤4,判断再生制动的结束(即应该结束再生制动的条件是否已成立)。如果再生制动没有结束,则返回至步骤1,继续进行行驶用电动发电机4的再生动作。例如,通过加速器踏板的踩踏、车辆的停止、从再生制动向液压制动的转移等,从而再生制动结束。
另一方面,如果在步骤2中电池5的充电状态(SOC)高于或等于规定水平(SOC1),则从步骤2进入步骤5,进行可变压缩比机构12的电动致动器46的电力消耗。即,不进行向电池5的充电,使电动致动器46进行动作而消耗剩余的再生电力。此外,在从该步骤2进入步骤5的条件下,由于没有基于行驶用电动发电机4的电力请求并且SOC处于高水平,因此内燃机2基本上停止。因此,在内燃机2处于停止状态中,电动致动器46被驱动,构成可变压缩比机构12的多连杆式活塞曲柄机构的连杆几何形状发生变化。
步骤5中的电动致动器46的实际的驱动控制是发动机控制器8接收车辆侧控制器7的指令而执行的。具体而言,在步骤5的处理持续期间,使电动致动器46以适当的动作速度往复进行旋转动作,使机械压缩比高低变化。即,暂时偏离基本的目标压缩比,强制性产生周期性的压缩比变化。由于可变压缩比机构12的电动致动器46作为内燃机2的辅助设备而消耗电力比较大,因此,通过在进行再生制动期间使电动致动器46持续地动作,从而有效地消耗剩余电力。
例如,在车辆伴随着再生制动行驶于长的下坡时,如果在中途电池5的SOC变为高于或等于SOC1,则至此为止停止的电动致动器46开始工作,但即使处于停止状态的内燃机2的机械压缩比发生变化,也完全不会产生驾驶员、乘客身体会感受到的变化。即使电动致动器46产生一点点动作音,该电动致动器46的动作音也远小于伴随着内燃机2的电机驱动的机械音,能够被行驶中的道路噪音等掩盖,因此,不会给驾驶员、乘客带来不适感。
这里,在为了再生时的电力消耗而使电动致动器46进行动作时,优选首先使电动致动器46向从该时间点的机械压缩比向高压缩比侧变化的方向动作。在不发生燃烧的状态下,通常向高压缩比侧驱动时的消耗电力也比向低压缩比侧驱动时的消耗电力大。因此,通过最初使得向高压缩比侧变化,从而能够更有效地消耗剩余电力。
另外,在用于再生时电力消耗的电动致动器46的强制性动作时,优选以使机械压缩比变化至与通常运转中的压缩比控制范围相比的高压缩比侧的方式进行设定。即,如果内燃机2运转中的基本的目标压缩比在下限压缩比与第一上限压缩比之间变化,则在为了上述电力消耗的机械压缩比的高低变化时,优选将上限压缩比提高至与上述第一上限压缩比相比为高压缩比的第二上限压缩比。举出一个例子,如果下限压缩比是“8”,第一上限压缩比是“14”,第二上限压缩比是“15”,则在通常的运转中,机械压缩比在“8~14”的范围被可变控制,相对于此,在用于电力消耗的强制性压缩比变更时,允许直至“15”的压缩比变化。由于第二上限压缩比不受爆震的制约,因此,在不与进气阀14、排气阀15产生干扰等的范围,第二上限压缩比能够设定于更高压缩比侧。
通过这样使机械压缩比变化至与通常运转中的压缩比控制范围相比的高压缩比侧,假设某个气缸处于上止点位置附近,则气缸30内的活塞31的位置移动至与通常运转中的最高位置相比的更上方。因此,被活塞31的活塞环带起的油向气缸30的更上方位置供给,从而能够实现在通常运转中不被润滑的区域的润滑。
这里,作为用于再生时电力消耗的压缩比变化范围,例如可以是下面的两种方式。第一是使机械压缩比在上述第一上限压缩比与第二上限压缩比之间高低变化的方式。例如,机械压缩比在第一上限压缩比“14”与第二上限压缩比“15”之间反复变化。第二是使机械压缩比在上述下限压缩比与第二上限压缩比之间高低变化的方式。例如,机械压缩比在下限压缩比“8”与第二上限压缩比“15”之间反复变化。
根据第一方式,活塞环在气缸30内壁面中的通常不被润滑的区域进行往复动作,能够积极地润滑该区域。根据第二方式,由于活塞环成为从更下方向上方移动的形态,因此能够将处于下方区域的油带起而进行润滑。此外,在电力消耗方面,在高压缩比侧变化的第一方式是有利的。
这样,在上述实施例中,在电池5的SOC高于或等于SOC1时,通过电动致动器46的动作而消耗剩余电力,由此能够确保再生制动力并且避免电池5的过充电。同时,通过利用剩余电力使可变压缩比机构12进行动作,能够实现可变压缩比机构12各部分的油温上升,进而实现摩擦的减小。即,在混合动力车辆中,由于存在内燃机2运转停止的期间,因此,通常润滑油温有变低的倾向,容易增大摩擦。与此相对,在上述实施例中,在内燃机2停止期间,电动致动器46利用剩余电力进行动作,并且构成多连杆式活塞曲柄机构的各连杆进行运动。因此,电动致动器46中的电动机47发热,该热量被传递至各部分,与此同时,存在于各滑动部的油随着各连杆的运动而被加热。因此,当内燃机2下一次开始运转时的摩擦减小,在燃料效率方面是有利的。
以上,基于附图详细地说明了本发明的一个实施例,但本发明并不限定于上述实施例,能够进行各种变更。例如,在上述实施例中,虽然以串联式混合动力车为例进行了说明,但本发明也能够应用于并联式混合动力车或者串联/并联式混合动力车等其他形式的混合动力车辆。另外,也可以将使用了本发明的可变压缩比机构的电动致动器的剩余电力的消耗与其他剩余电力的吸收单元组合地应用。

Claims (8)

1.一种混合动力车辆的控制方法,该混合动力车辆具有内燃机和电动发电机,所述内燃机具有可变压缩比机构,该可变压缩比机构的机械压缩比与通过电动致动器的工作而动作的压缩比控制部件的位置相应地发生变化,
在该混合动力车辆的控制方法中,
对与所述电动发电机连接的电池的充电状态进行检测,
在所述电池处于高于或等于规定水平的充电状态的状态下所述电动发电机进行了再生动作时,在所述内燃机的旋转停止的状态下使所述可变压缩比机构的电动致动器进行动作而消耗通过上述的再生动作所产生的电力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆的控制方法,其中,
为了消耗所述电力,以不追随基本的目标压缩比而通过所述电动致动器使压缩比高低变化的方式在进行再生动作期间使所述电动致动器持续地动作,所述基本的目标压缩比以相对于内燃机运转条件成为最佳燃料效率的方式进行设定。
3.根据权利要求2所述的混合动力车辆的控制方法,其中,
所述可变压缩比机构是气缸内的活塞上止点位置与所述压缩比控制部件的位置相应地上下移位的结构,
将所述内燃机运转中的基本的目标压缩比设定于下限压缩比与第一上限压缩比之间,
在用于消耗所述电力的压缩比高低变化时,将上限压缩比提高至与所述第一上限压缩比相比为高压缩比的第二上限压缩比。
4.根据权利要求3所述的混合动力车辆的控制方法,其中,
使压缩比在所述第一上限压缩比与所述第二上限压缩比之间高低变化。
5.根据权利要求3所述的混合动力车辆的控制方法,其中,
使压缩比在所述下限压缩比与所述第二上限压缩比之间高低变化。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的混合动力车辆的控制方法,其中,
在用于消耗所述电力的电动致动器动作开始时,最初使电动致动器向高压缩比侧动作。
7.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的混合动力车辆的控制方法,其中,
所述可变压缩比机构构成为包含:
第一连杆,其一端经由活塞销与活塞连结;
第二连杆,其经由第一连结销与该第一连杆的另一端连结,并且与曲轴的曲柄销连结;
第三连杆,其一端经由第二连结销与所述第二连杆连结;以及
轴状的所述压缩比控制部件,其具有将所述第三连杆的另一端支撑为可摆动的偏心轴部,并且通过由所述电动致动器在旋转方向上进行驱动而使所述偏心轴部的位置发生变化。
8.一种混合动力车辆的控制装置,该混合动力车辆具有内燃机、电动发电机以及电池,所述内燃机具有可变压缩比机构,该可变压缩比机构的机械压缩比与通过电动致动器的工作而动作的压缩比控制部件的位置相应地发生变化,
其中,
该混合动力车辆的控制装置判别所述电池是否处于高于或等于规定水平的充电状态,
在所述电池处于高于或等于规定水平的充电状态的状态下所述电动发电机进行了再生动作时,为了消耗通过上述的再生动作所产生的电力,在所述内燃机的旋转停止的状态下使所述可变压缩比机构的电动致动器进行动作。
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