CN112626853A - 一种通过纤维改性进行涤纶面料阻燃整理的方法 - Google Patents
一种通过纤维改性进行涤纶面料阻燃整理的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种通过纤维改性进行涤纶面料阻燃整理的方法，包括以下步骤：第一步、碱法预处理；以预处理液对涤纶织物进行预处理，处理后经去离子水净洗，得到A品；第二步、涤纶醛基化；利用催化氧化处理液对A品进行催化氧化处理，处理后以去离子水净洗，得到B品；第三步、接枝处理；采用接枝处理液对B品进行接枝处理，处理后以去离子水净洗，并在90‑110℃温度下烘干，得到成品。本发明在提高涤纶织物阻燃性的同时，还能够减少对纤维的损伤和泛黄现象。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种涤纶面料阻燃整理方法，特别是一种通过纤维改性进行涤纶面料阻燃整理的方法。
背景技术
涤纶纤维是最常用的合成纤维原料，在家居服、运动服装和户外纺织品中得到较广泛的应用。与天然纤维相比，涤纶纤维制品具有较强的单纤强度，不仅手感柔软，且具有优良的尺寸稳定性。近年来，消费者对包括涤纶纤维制品在内的面料功能性提出要求，要求特定装饰用涤纶织物不仅具有较好的外观和手感，还应具有很好的阻燃效果。
加工具有阻燃功能的涤纶织物有多种方法，包括以阻燃聚酯母粒进行纺丝和织物织造，即通过在熔融纺丝过程中添加阻燃性添加剂制成阻燃涤纶纤维，但由于添加的阻燃剂容易对涤纶纤维的结构、力学性能和染色性能产生不利影响，因此该方法应用有一定的局限性。除此之外，采用面料阻燃整理也是常用的涤纶阻燃方法，根据阻燃剂的应用特性可分为非耐久性阻燃整理和耐久性阻燃整理。前者多以聚磷酸铵、氢氧化镁等整理液进行涤纶织物浸轧、焙烘整理，不仅织物手感差，且整理效果的耐洗性不够，多用于一次性阻燃涤纶制品的整理加工。耐久阻燃整理工艺多以磷－氮系阻燃剂为整理剂，采用包括浸轧焙烘、高温粘合或涂层整理等，这些整理剂能与涤纶纤维反应，或者在涤纶纤维表面成膜，因此具有较好的耐洗性。
在实际生产中，目前耐久性涤纶阻燃整理多采用拉幅定型机加工，由于焙烘温度较高，在赋予织物阻燃效果的同时，也存在高温焙烘中涤纶纤维强力易受损、面料易泛黄和手感变差等弊端。因此，现有的技术存在着无法同时兼顾提高涤纶织物阻燃性和减少对纤维损伤和泛黄的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供一种通过纤维改性进行涤纶面料阻燃整理的方法。本发明在提高涤纶织物阻燃性的同时，还能够减少对纤维的损伤和泛黄现象。
本发明的技术方案：一种通过纤维改性进行涤纶面料阻燃整理的方法，包括以下步骤：
第一步、碱法预处理；以预处理液对涤纶织物进行预处理，处理后经去离子水净洗，得到A品；
第二步、涤纶醛基化处理；利用催化氧化处理液对A品进行催化氧化处理，处理后以去离子水净洗，得到B品；
第三步、接枝处理；采用接枝处理液对B品进行接枝处理，处理后以去离子水净洗，并在90-110℃温度下烘干，得到成品。
前述的一种通过纤维改性进行涤纶面料阻燃整理的方法中，预处理液包括以下组分：烧碱，0.5～2g/L；阳离子助剂，0.1～0.5g/L。
前述的一种通过纤维改性进行涤纶面料阻燃整理的方法中，第一步中，预处理的温度为85～100℃，处理时间0.25～0.5小时；涤纶织物与预处理液之间的浴比为1：8～15。
前述的一种通过纤维改性进行涤纶面料阻燃整理的方法中，所述阳离子助剂包括十八烷基三甲基氯化铵、十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵。
前述的一种通过纤维改性进行涤纶面料阻燃整理的方法中，催化氧化处理液包括以下组分：四甲基哌啶氮氧化物，1～5g/L；次氯酸钠，1～5g/L；溴化钠，0.1～0.5g/L。
前述的一种通过纤维改性进行涤纶面料阻燃整理的方法中，第二步中，催化氧化处理时的温度25～40℃，pH为9～10，时间为1～4小时；A品与接枝处理液之间的浴比1：8～15。
前述的一种通过纤维改性进行涤纶面料阻燃整理的方法中，接枝处理液包括以下组分：有机磷阻燃剂，5～50g/L；渗透剂，0.5～1g/L。
前述的一种通过纤维改性进行涤纶面料阻燃整理的方法中，所述有机磷阻燃剂包括阿仑膦酸钠、磷酸乙醇胺和帕米膦酸钠。
前述的一种通过纤维改性进行涤纶面料阻燃整理的方法中，接枝处理时的温度为25～60℃，pH为6～8，时间2～6小时；B品与接枝处理液之间的浴比为1：8～15。
与现有技术相比，本发明先借助烧碱和阳离子助剂对涤纶织物进行预处理，通过水解涤纶纤维大分子的部分酯键，增加涤纶纤维表面的伯羟基数；再以四甲基哌啶氮氧化物、次氯酸钠和溴化钠三元体系组合处理涤纶，使涤纶表面羟基氧化生成醛基；最后选用含氨基的有机磷阻燃剂，通过醛基与氨基之间的席夫碱反应，在涤纶表面接枝有机磷阻燃剂，赋予涤纶织物阻燃效果；实现在较缓和条件下进行涤纶织物整理，减少生产能耗低和纤维泛黄，提高整理效果持久性，达到优化阻燃整理效果的目的。具体地，涤纶醛基化和接枝有机磷阻燃剂的反应条件缓和，涤纶织物不仅具有较好的阻燃效果，且避免了高温焙烘整理易造成织物手感变差或布面泛黄的缺陷；利用涤纶表面产生醛基与含氨基的有机磷阻燃剂反应，实现了在低温缓和下织物整理，阻燃整理中所需的生产能耗较低。综上所述，本发明在提高涤纶织物阻燃性的同时，还能够减少对纤维的损伤和泛黄现象。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明，但并不作为对本发明限制的依据。
实施例1。一种通过纤维改性进行涤纶面料阻燃整理的方法，包括以下步骤：
第一步、碱法预处理；以预处理液对涤纶织物进行预处理，处理后经去离子水净洗，得到A品；
第二步、涤纶醛基化；利用催化氧化处理液对A品进行催化氧化处理，处理后以去离子水净洗，得到B品；
第三步、接枝处理；采用接枝处理液对B品进行接枝处理，处理后以去离子水净洗，并在90-110℃温度下烘干，得到成品。
预处理液包括以下组分：烧碱，0.5～2g/L；阳离子助剂，0.1～0.5g/L。
第一步中，预处理的温度为85～100℃，处理时间0.25～0.5小时；涤纶织物与预处理液之间的浴比为1：8～15。
所述阳离子助剂包括十八烷基三甲基氯化铵、十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵。
所述有机磷阻燃剂包括阿仑膦酸钠、磷酸乙醇胺和帕米膦酸钠。
催化氧化处理液包括以下组分：四甲基哌啶氮氧化物，1～5g/L；次氯酸钠，1～5g/L；溴化钠，0.1～0.5g/L。
第二步中，催化氧化处理时的温度25～40℃，pH为9～10，时间为1～4小时；A品与接枝处理液之间的浴比1：8～15。
接枝处理液包括以下组分：有机磷阻燃剂，5～50g/L；渗透剂，0.5～1g/L。
接枝处理时的温度为25～60℃，pH为6～8，时间2～6小时；B品与接枝处理液之间的浴比为1：8～15。
实施例2。一种通过纤维改性进行涤纶面料阻燃整理的方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)碱法预处理：以烧碱和十八烷基三甲基氯化铵进行涤纶织物预处理，其中烧碱0.5g/L，十八烷基三甲基氯化铵0.1g/L，温度85℃，浴比1：8，处理时间0.25小时；处理后以去离子水净洗；
(2)涤纶醛基化：经步骤(1)处理的涤纶织物以TEMPO、NaClO和NaBr进行催化氧化处理，其中TEMPO1g/L，NaClO1g/L，NaBr0.1g/L，处理温度25℃，pH9，浴比1：8，处理时间1小时；处理后以去离子水净洗；
(3)有机磷阻燃剂接枝：经步骤(2)处理的涤纶织物以磷酸乙醇胺进行纤维接枝处理，其中磷酸乙醇胺5g/L，渗透剂0.5g/L，处理温度25℃，pH6，浴比1：8，时间2小时；处理后以去离子水净洗，在100℃烘干。
对比例1：以5g/L磷酸乙醇胺和0.5g/L渗透剂配制整理液浸轧实施例2相同条件的涤纶织物，轧余率100％，热风烘干后在190℃焙烘2分钟，水洗后在100℃烘干，得到试样1；
对比例2：经实施例2中的步骤(2)和(3)对实施例2相同条件的涤纶织物进行处理，未经过步骤(1)处理，得到试样2；
经上述工艺处理后，试样1的极限氧指数为22％，织物白度78％；试样2的极限氧指数为23％，织物白度83％；实施例2得到的产品的极限氧指数为29％，织物白度83％。结果表明，与传统浸轧焙烘整理的试样1相比和未经预处理的试样2相比，实施例2产品的白度较高，织物阻燃效果也较好。
实施例3：一种通过纤维改性进行涤纶面料阻燃整理的方法，包括以下步骤，
(1)碱法预处理：以烧碱和十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵进行涤纶织物预处理，其中烧碱2g/L，十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵0.5g/L，温度100℃，浴比1：15，处理时间0.5小时；处理后以去离子水净洗；
(2)涤纶醛基化：经步骤(1)处理的涤纶织物以TEMPO、NaClO和NaBr进行催化氧化处理，其中TEMPO5g/L，NaClO5g/L，NaBr0.5g/L，处理温度40℃，pH10，浴比1：15，时间4小时；处理后以去离子水净洗；
(3)有机磷阻燃剂接枝：经步骤(2)处理的涤纶织物以帕米膦酸钠进行纤维接枝处理，其中帕米膦酸钠50g/L，渗透剂1g/L，处理温度60℃，pH8，浴比1：15，时间6小时；处理后以去离子水净洗，在100℃烘干。
对比例3：以50g/L帕米膦酸钠和1g/L渗透剂配制整理液浸轧与实施例3相同条件的涤纶织物，轧余率100％，热风烘干后在190℃焙烘2分钟，水洗后在100℃烘干，得到试样3；
对比例4：经实施例3中的步骤(2)和(3)处理与实施例3相同条件的涤纶织物，未经过步骤(1)处理，得到试样4；
经上述工艺处理后，试样3的极限氧指数为23％，织物白度76％；试样4的极限氧指数为24％，织物白度82％；实施例3得到的产品的极限氧指数为31％，织物白度82％。结果表明，与传统浸轧焙烘整理的试样3和未经预处理的试样4相比，实施例3得到的产品的白度较高、且织物阻燃效果也较好。
通过对实施例数据分析，本发明工艺所处理涤纶织物，不仅阻燃性能得到改善，织物的白度也较高。与传统高温焙烘的阻燃工艺相比，本发明述及的方法整理效果较好。
Claims (9)
1.一种通过纤维改性进行涤纶面料阻燃整理的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
第一步、碱法预处理；以预处理液对涤纶织物进行预处理，处理后经去离子水净洗，得到A品；
第二步、涤纶醛基化处理；利用催化氧化处理液对A品进行催化氧化处理，处理后以去离子水净洗，得到B品；
第三步、接枝处理；采用接枝处理液对B品进行接枝处理，处理后以去离子水净洗，并在90-110℃温度下烘干，得到成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种通过纤维改性进行涤纶面料阻燃整理的方法，其特征在于，预处理液包括以下组分：烧碱，0.5～2g/L；阳离子助剂，0.1～0.5g/L。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种通过纤维改性进行涤纶面料阻燃整理的方法，其特征在于：第一步中，预处理的温度为85～100℃，处理时间0.25～0.5小时；涤纶织物与预处理液之间的浴比为1：8～15。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种通过纤维改性进行涤纶面料阻燃整理的方法，其特征在于：所述阳离子助剂包括十八烷基三甲基氯化铵、十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种通过纤维改性进行涤纶面料阻燃整理的方法，其特征在于，催化氧化处理液包括以下组分：四甲基哌啶氮氧化物，1～5g/L；次氯酸钠，1～5g/L；溴化钠，0.1～0.5g/L。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种通过纤维改性进行涤纶面料阻燃整理的方法，其特征在于：第二步中，催化氧化处理时的温度25～40℃，pH为9～10，时间为1～4小时；A品与接枝处理液之间的浴比1：8～15。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种通过纤维改性进行涤纶面料阻燃整理的方法，其特征在于，接枝处理液包括以下组分：有机磷阻燃剂，5～50g/L；渗透剂，0.5～1g/L。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种通过纤维改性进行涤纶面料阻燃整理的方法，其特征在于：所述有机磷阻燃剂包括阿仑膦酸钠、磷酸乙醇胺和帕米膦酸钠。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种通过纤维改性进行涤纶面料阻燃整理的方法，其特征在于：接枝处理时的温度为25～60℃，pH为6～8，时间2～6小时；B品与接枝处理液之间的浴比为1：8～15。
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