CN106978720B - 一种基于酶促接枝含磷壳寡糖的蛋白质纤维制品阻燃整理方法 - Google Patents

一种基于酶促接枝含磷壳寡糖的蛋白质纤维制品阻燃整理方法 Download PDF

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CN106978720B
CN106978720B CN201710274804.4A CN201710274804A CN106978720B CN 106978720 B CN106978720 B CN 106978720B CN 201710274804 A CN201710274804 A CN 201710274804A CN 106978720 B CN106978720 B CN 106978720B
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王平
余圆圆
徐进
袁久刚
王强
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于酶促接枝含磷壳寡糖的蛋白质纤维制品阻燃整理方法,属于纺织生物技术领域。旨在解决传统化学法进行蛋白质纤维制品阻燃整理时易造成纤维损伤等缺陷。本发明先进行蛋白质纤维制品预处理,通过酪氨酸酶催化壳寡糖在蛋白质纤维表面接枝,结合己糖激酶催化壳寡糖磷酸化,赋予蛋白质纤维制品阻燃效果。具体步骤如下:(1)蛋白质纤维制品预处理;(2)酪氨酸酶催化蛋白质纤维接枝壳寡糖;(3)己糖激酶催化壳寡糖磷酸化;(4)水洗和烘干后处理。通过本发明处理的蛋白质纤维制品阻燃性能改善,力学性能提高;与传统化学法阻燃整理相比,采用酶促接枝含磷壳寡糖的蛋白质纤维制品阻燃整理能耗低。

Description

一种基于酶促接枝含磷壳寡糖的蛋白质纤维制品阻燃整理 方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种基于酶促接枝含磷壳寡糖的蛋白质纤维制品阻燃整理方法,其特征是通过酪氨酸酶催化蛋白质纤维接枝壳寡糖,结合己糖激酶催化壳寡糖磷酸化,赋予蛋白质纤维制品阻燃性的方法,属于纺织生物技术领域。
背景技术
随着纺织品在家纺领域的应用数量不断增加,由纺织品使用不当引起的火灾也日趋增多。常见天然纤维和化学纤维均具有一定的可燃性,在高温条件下会裂解,生成的部分气体能与空气混合形成可燃性气体,当遇到明火时会燃烧。为减少火灾对人们生命及财产带来的损失,科研人员先后致力于新型织物阻燃技术的研究,开发阻燃性能优异的特种纤维和阻燃纺织品,同时制定了各种法规,对特定纺织品的阻燃性能进行了严格的规定。
目前,常用的纤维制品阻燃加工方法可分为二大类。第一类是以阻燃纤维为原料进行织物织造,即在纺丝过程中添加阻燃材料制成阻燃纤维(多用于合成纤维),但由于阻燃剂对纤维结构和力学性能有不同程度上的影响,需严格限制阻燃材料的添加量,因此也难以获得理想的阻燃效果。第二类是采用纤维制品阻燃整理的方法,即以浸轧焙烘的方法进行阻燃整理,包括非耐久性阻燃整理和耐久性阻燃整理。其中,非耐久性整理多以硼砂-硼酸、聚磷酸铵、氢氧化镁等溶液进行织物浸轧,虽工艺简单,但整理效果没有耐洗性;耐久阻燃整理工艺多以磷-氮系阻燃剂为整理剂,采用包括高温焙烘或涂层整理的方法,使整理剂与纤维高温下反应或表面成膜,从而获得较好的耐洗性。耐久性阻燃整理由于处理温度较高,容易使纤维强力受损,对于羊毛和蚕丝类蛋白质纤维制品而言,织物外观和手感影响也较大,易产生泛黄和手感下降。
采用生物酶法进行蛋白质纤维阻燃整理加工具有处理温度低、反应条件缓和的优点。其中,酪氨酸酶能催化氧化酚羟基生成醌类活性基,并进一步能与含氨基的化合物反应;己糖激酶是六碳糖的磷酸化酶,能催化三磷酸腺苷(ATP)上的γ-磷酸基团转移至葡萄糖或壳寡糖C6位,使C6位羟基磷酸化。上述酪氨酸酶和己糖激酶的专一性为基于酶法蛋白质纤维制品阻燃整理提供了新方法。本发明中先通过酪氨酸酶,催化氧化蛋白质纤维大分子中的酪氨酸残基,使其表面产生反应性较强的醌类活性基,并与含氨基的壳寡糖分子反应,实现壳寡糖在蛋白质纤维表面接枝;在此基础上,再以已糖激酶催化ATP转移至壳寡糖单体中C6位,使C6位羟基磷酸化,通过增加纤维中磷含量实现对蛋白质纤维制品阻燃整理加工。
发明内容
本发明的目的旨在提供一种基于酶促接枝含磷壳寡糖的蛋白质纤维制品阻燃整理方法,使用本发明可在温和条件下提高蛋白质纤维制品的阻燃性,解决传统化学法阻燃整理中能耗高、纤维损伤大和泛黄严重的技术问题。
本发明的技术方案:一种基于酶促接枝含磷壳寡糖的蛋白质纤维制品阻燃整理方法,其特征是通过酪氨酸酶催化壳寡糖在蛋白质纤维表面接枝,再借助己糖激酶催化壳寡糖磷酸化,赋予蛋白质纤维制品阻燃效果,具体工艺与步骤如下:
(1)蛋白质纤维制品预处理:以乙二胺四乙酸二钠/尿素水溶液进行预处理;
处理工艺处方及条件:乙二胺四乙酸二钠0~5.0g/L,尿素0.5~8.0g/L,渗透剂0~5g/L,温度20~50℃,处理时间0.5~5小时;
(2)酪氨酸酶催化蛋白质纤维制品接枝壳寡糖:步骤(1)处理后的蛋白质纤维制品经水洗后,以酪氨酸酶和壳寡糖进行处理;
处理工艺处方及条件:酪氨酸酶1~10U/mL,壳寡糖0.5~5g/L,处理温度20~50℃,pH范围6.0~8.0,处理时间2~24小时;
(3)己糖激酶催化壳寡糖磷酸化:步骤(2)处理后的蛋白质纤维制品经水洗后,以己糖激酶和三磷酸腺苷进行处理;
处理工艺处方及条件:己糖激酶1~20U/mL,三磷酸腺苷0.5~20g/L,环磷酸腺苷0~5g/L,处理温度20~40℃,pH范围6.0~8.0,时间2~24小时;
(4)水洗和干燥后处理:步骤(3)处理后蛋白质纤维制品经水洗后,在60℃烘干。
一种生物酶法蛋白质纤维制品阻燃整理方法,所述蛋白质纤维制品包括以真丝或羊毛为原料的梭织物、针织物或纱线;所述酪氨酸酶来源于动物、植物或微生物;所述己糖激酶来源于动物、植物或微生物。
本发明的有益后果
本发明利用通过酪氨酸酶催化壳寡糖在蛋白质纤维表面接枝,再借助己糖激酶催化壳寡糖磷酸化,赋予蛋白质纤维制品阻燃效果,与传统的化学法阻燃整理相比,本发明具有以下优点:
(1)酶催化效率高,利用酪氨酸酶催化壳寡糖在蛋白质纤维表面接枝,结合己糖激酶催化壳寡糖磷酸化,具有专一性强和反应效率高的优点;
(2)反应条件缓和,在低温近中性条件下在蛋白质纤维大分子表面引入含磷基团,避免了化学法阻燃整理易造成的纤维损伤和手感下降等弊端;
(3)整理能耗低,采用生物酶法催化蛋白质纤维阻燃整理,较传统化学阻燃整理安全高效且能耗低。
具体实施方式
采用酪氨酸酶催化壳寡糖在蛋白质纤维表面接枝,再借助己糖激酶催化壳寡糖磷酸化,赋予蛋白质纤维制品阻燃效果,具体实施例如下:
实施例1
本实施所选的蛋白质纤维制品为真丝织物,以本发明述及的方法进行阻燃整理;
(1)真丝织物预处理:将真丝织物以乙二胺四乙酸二钠2g/L,尿素5g/L,渗透剂0.5g/L,在30℃处理2小时;
(2)酪氨酸酶催化接枝壳寡糖:步骤(1)处理后的真丝织物水洗后,以酪氨酸酶和壳寡糖进行处理,其中酪氨酸酶2U/mL,壳寡糖2.5g/L,处理温度40℃,pH 6.5,处理时间12小时;
(3)己糖激酶催化壳寡糖磷酸化:步骤(2)处理后的真丝织物水洗后,以己糖激酶和三磷酸腺苷进行处理,其中己糖激酶5U/mL,三磷酸腺苷5g/L,环磷酸腺苷1g/L,温度25℃,pH 7.2,处理时间8小时;
(4)水洗和干燥后处理:步骤(3)处理后的真丝织物水洗后,在60℃烘干。
试样1:未经任何处理的真丝织物;
试样2:真丝织物经步骤(1)、(2)处理,经水洗后在60℃烘干;
试样3:真丝织物经步骤(1)、(2)、(3)和(4)处理;
试样1的极限氧指数为20.8%,断裂强力361N;经上述工艺处理后,试样2的极限氧指数为21.1%,断裂强力379N;试样3的极限氧指数为27.6%,断裂强力375N。
实施例2:
本实施所选蛋白质纤维制品为羊毛织物,以本发明述及的方法进行阻燃整理;
(1)羊毛织物预处理:将羊毛织物以乙二胺四乙酸二钠4g/L,尿素6g/L,渗透剂1g/L,在30℃处理2小时;
(2)酪氨酸酶催化接枝壳寡糖:步骤(1)处理后的羊毛织物水洗后,以酪氨酸酶和壳寡糖进行处理,其中酪氨酸酶5U/mL,壳寡糖3.0g/L,处理温度40℃,pH 6.5,处理时间12小时;
(3)己糖激酶催化壳寡糖磷酸化:步骤(2)处理后的羊毛织物水洗后,以己糖激酶和三磷酸腺苷进行处理,其中己糖激酶7.5U/mL,三磷酸腺苷6g/L,环磷酸腺苷1.5g/L,温度30℃,pH 7.5,处理时间8小时;
(4)水洗和干燥后处理:步骤(3)处理后的羊毛织物水洗后,在60℃烘干。
试样4:未经任何处理的羊毛织物;
试样5:羊毛织物经步骤(1)、(2)处理,水洗后在60℃烘干;
试样6:羊毛织物经步骤(1)、(2)、(3)和(4)处理;
试样4的极限氧指数为21.6%,断裂强力423N;经上述工艺处理后,试样5的极限氧指数为20.9%,断裂强力464N;试样6的极限氧指数为28.9%,断裂强力459N。
通过对实施例数据分析:与未经改性处理的样品(试样1、试样4)和仅接枝壳寡糖的样品(试样2、试样5)相比,以本发明述及方法处理的蛋白质纤维制品(试样3、试样6)阻燃性能明显改善,织物强力较未经改性处理的样品有明显增加。与传统化学阻燃整理相比,以本发明述及的方法进行蛋白质纤维制品阻燃整理,不仅具有较好的阻燃整理效果,同时避免了传统化学法阻燃整理易产生的强力下降的问题。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例公开如上,但其并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉此技术的人,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,都可做各种的改动与修饰,因此本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所界定的为准。

Claims (2)

1.一种基于酶促接枝含磷壳寡糖的蛋白质纤维制品阻燃整理方法,特征是通过酪氨酸酶催化壳寡糖在蛋白质纤维表面接枝,再结合己糖激酶催化壳寡糖磷酸化,赋予蛋白质纤维制品阻燃效果,具体工艺与步骤如下:
(1)蛋白质纤维制品预处理:以乙二胺四乙酸二钠/尿素水溶液进行预处理;
处理工艺处方及条件:乙二胺四乙酸二钠0~5.0g/L,尿素0.5~8.0g/L,渗透剂0~5g/L,温度20~50℃,处理时间0.5~5小时;
(2)酪氨酸酶催化蛋白质纤维接枝壳寡糖:步骤(1)处理后的蛋白质纤维制品经水洗后,以酪氨酸酶和壳寡糖进行处理;
处理工艺处方及条件:酪氨酸酶1~10U/mL,壳寡糖0.5~5g/L,处理温度20~50℃,pH范围6.0~8.0,处理时间2~24小时;
(3)己糖激酶催化壳寡糖磷酸化:步骤(2)处理后的蛋白质纤维制品经水洗后,以己糖激酶和三磷酸腺苷进行处理;
处理工艺处方及条件:己糖激酶1~20U/mL,三磷酸腺苷0.5~20g/L,环磷酸腺苷0~5g/L,处理温度20~40℃,pH范围6.0~8.0,时间2~24小时;
(4)水洗和干燥后处理:步骤(3)处理后蛋白质纤维制品经水洗后,在60℃烘干。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述蛋白质纤维制品包括以真丝或羊毛为原料的梭织物、针织物或纱线;所述酪氨酸酶来源于动物、植物或微生物;所述己糖激酶来源于动物、植物或微生物。
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