CN112626128A - 细胞转染方法 - Google Patents
细胞转染方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112626128A CN112626128A CN202011320159.3A CN202011320159A CN112626128A CN 112626128 A CN112626128 A CN 112626128A CN 202011320159 A CN202011320159 A CN 202011320159A CN 112626128 A CN112626128 A CN 112626128A
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Abstract
本发明涉及转染细胞的方法。具体地,本发明涉及转染禽类中原生殖细胞的方法,以及繁殖具有修饰性状的禽类的方法。
Description
本申请是申请日为2013年4月19日,申请号为201380031734.X,题目为的“细胞转染方法”的专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及转染细胞的方法。具体地,本发明涉及转染禽类中原生殖细胞的方法,以及繁殖具有修饰性状的禽类的方法。
背景技术
用以开发转基因或基因修饰禽类的有效技术的发展对于农业和生物制药产业,以及通过功能基因组学研究增加我们对禽类生物学的了解均至关重要。在面临人口增长时,家禽生产在确保全球食品安全中将扮演重要角色,当今生物技术的进步,例如转基因家禽的发展将有助于该产业满足增产的需求。
更具体地,应用转基因技术修饰家禽中无法通过传统育种获得的性状,例如抗病性和性别决定调节,如今成为可能,并为家禽产业提供巨大好处。对于生物制药蛋白的需求迅速增长,直到最近仍在使用基于细胞的体外制造系统,其生产用于疾病治疗的新重组蛋白。转基因家畜作为重组蛋白生产的生物反应器的应用如今正发展为昂贵且劳动密集的基于细胞的系统的主要替代。鸡转基因技术的发展使得鸡蛋被开发成用于高水平生产和纯化生物制药蛋白的生物反应器。
也有试图导入选定的外源基因,其通过将所述外源基因克隆入逆转录病毒载体(例如网状内皮病毒或禽类白血病病毒),将重组病毒注入受精卵,允许病毒感染发育中的胚胎(例如原生殖细胞)从而建立嵌合性腺或卵细胞,以及使用得到的重组体尝试将外源基因导入后代。然而养禽业不愿意商业化使用该技术,因为病毒(处于天然状态)是病原体,甚至不同的复制活性的病毒载体某些时候能引起肿瘤,而复制非活性变体需要较高或反复的剂量。甚至复制缺陷的病毒构建体也能造成与内源病毒包膜重组从而变成复制活性的风险。另外,这些载体目前局限于尺寸相对较小(例如2kb或更小)的DNA插入片段。
也有试图将外源DNA注入通过手术从母鸡中取出的未发育的受精卵中。然而,该方法需要将发育的胚胎在一系列代孕容器中孵育。另外,其需要专门的产卵群体(layingflock)和反复的练习以获得所需的手术和技术技能。
可替代的方法包括将基因修饰的胚胎细胞或原生殖细胞(PGC)注入产卵后不久的受体胚胎。在该方法中,生成PCG培养物,其保留了分化成功能性卵细胞或精子的能力,所述卵细胞或精子在整合入发育的胚胎中时产生细胞。该类型的PCG培养物能被基因修饰,然后注入受体胚胎。所述受体胚胎通常会通过γ辐照修饰,削弱内源原生殖细胞,从而给予被注入的细胞定植于性腺嵴的选择优势。被修饰的细胞继而会成熟并产生能够将转基因传递到至少下一代的精子或卵细胞。然而,该技术因其需要将PGC从供体胚胎中移除,及其后续培养并重新导入受体胚胎而非常耗时。另外,使用该技术所能获得的包含基因修饰的PGC的禽类的效率很低。
因此,仍有对基因修饰禽类原生殖细胞的方法的需求。
发明概述
本发明人发现,将与DNA混合的转染试剂直接注入发育的禽类胚胎血液中导致DNA被导入原生殖细胞(PGC),并且所述DNA插入所述禽类的基因组。
相应地,本发明提供用于产生包含基因修饰的生殖细胞的禽类的方法,所述方法包含:
(i)将包含与转染试剂混合的多核苷酸的转染混合物注入禽类胚胎的血管中,由此所述多核苷酸插入所述禽类中的一或多个生殖细胞的基因组中。
在一个实施方案中,所述方法进一步包含(ii)将所述胚胎在足以使所述胚胎发育成小鸟的温度下孵育。
所述转染混合物优选被注入处于约阶段12-17PGC迁移时的禽类胚胎。在一个优选实施方案中,所述转染混合物被注入处于阶段13-14的禽类胚胎。
尽管任意适合的转染试剂均可用于本发明的方法,但优选包含阳离子脂质的转染试剂。
在一个实施方案中,所述转染试剂包含选自如下一或多种的单价阳离子脂质:DOTMA(N-[1-(2,3-二油酰氧基)丙基]-N,N,N-三甲基氯化铵)、DOTAP(1,2-双(油酰氧基)-3-3-(三甲基氨)丙烷)、DMRIE(1,2-双十四烷基氧基丙基3-二甲基-羟基乙基铵溴化物)和DDAB(二甲基双十八烷基溴化铵)。
在另一个实施方案中,所述转染试剂包含选自如下一或多种的多价阳离子脂质:DOSPA(2,3-二油基氧基-N-[2-(精胺羧酰胺)乙基]-N,N-二甲基-1-丙铵三氟醋酸盐)和DOSPER(1,3-二油酰基氧基-2-(6-羧基精胺基)丙酰胺)、TMTPS(四甲基四棕榈酰精胺)、TMTOS(四甲基四油烯基精胺)、TMTLS(四甲基四月桂基精胺)、TMTMS(四甲基四肉豆蔻基精胺)和TMDOS(四甲基二油烯基精胺)。
在另一个实施方案中,所述转染试剂包含DOSPA(2,3-二油基氧基-N-[2-(精胺羧酰胺)乙基]-N,N-二甲基-1-丙铵三氟醋酸盐)。
在另一个实施方案中,所述转染试剂进一步包含中性脂质。所述中性脂质可以包含例如DOPE(二油酰磷脂酰乙醇胺)、DPhPE(二植烷酰磷脂酰乙醇胺)或胆固醇。
在一个具体实施方案中,在转染试剂与多核苷酸混合之前,所述转染试剂包含3:1(w/w)的DOSPA和DOPE混合物。
有利地,本发明的所述方法适于将多核苷酸导入生殖细胞基因组的非逆转录病毒方法的应用。因此,在一个实施方案中,所述多核苷酸进一步包含编码转位子或锌指核酸酶的核苷酸序列。
在一个具体实施方案中,所述转染混合物包含编码转座酶的多核苷酸。所述转座酶可以由诸如质粒中的DNA编码,或者可替代地,编码所述转座酶的多核苷酸是RNA。
在一个特定实施方案中,所述转座子选自Tol2、mini-Tol2、Sleeping Beauty和PiggyBac。
在另一个实施方案中,所述多核苷酸包含编码锌指核酸酶的序列。
在禽类中被基因修饰的生殖细胞可以是胚胎生殖细胞,优选所述细胞是原生殖细胞。
在一个实施方案中,所述注入混合物被注入蛋壳中的胚胎,所述胚胎在所述蛋壳中发育。
所述转染混合物中的多核苷酸可以是RNA分子或编码多肽的DNA分子,或编码包含双链区域的RNA的DNA分子。在一个具体实施方案中,所述多核苷酸编码包含双链区域的RNA。所述RNA分子可以例如是siRNA、shRNA或RNA诱饵(decoy)。
在另一个实施方案中,所述多核苷酸编码多肽。
在一个实施方案中,与缺少所述RNA分子或多肽的细胞相比,所述RNA分子或多肽减少病毒在细胞中的复制。
本发明的方法可被用于靶向禽类的任意病毒病原体。在一个实施方案中,所述病毒是流感病毒。
本发明进一步提供包含基因修饰的生殖细胞的禽类,其中所述禽类由本发明的方法产生。
本发明进一步提供本发明的禽类的基因修饰的生殖细胞,其中所述生殖细胞包含插入到基因组中的多核苷酸。
本发明进一步提供由包含本发明的基因修饰的细胞的禽类生产的精子。
本发明进一步提供由包含本发明的基因修饰的细胞的禽类生产的蛋。
本发明进一步提供用于基因修饰禽类中的生殖细胞的方法,所述方法包含:
(i)将包含与转染试剂混合的多核苷酸的转染混合物注入蛋中含有的禽类胚胎的血管中;以及
(ii)将所述胚胎在足以允许所述胚胎发育成小鸟的温度下孵育;
其中所述多核苷酸被插入禽类中的一或多个生殖细胞的基因组中。
在另一个实施方案中,所述方法包含本文所述发明的一或多个特征。
本发明进一步提供了用于产生基因修饰的禽类的方法,所述方法包含:
(i)获得包含本发明的基因修饰的生殖细胞的禽类;
(ii)由包含基因修饰的生殖细胞的所述禽类繁殖产生后代;以及
(iii)选择包含插入到基因组中的多核苷酸的后代。
本发明进一步提供由本发明的方法产生的基因修饰的禽类。
本发明进一步提供生产食品的方法,所述方法包含:
(i)获得包含本发明的基因修饰的生殖细胞的禽类或本发明的基因修饰的禽类;以及
(ii)由所述禽类生产食品。
在一个实施方案中,所述方法包含从所述禽类收获肉和/或蛋。
本发明进一步提供了繁殖基因修饰的禽类的方法,所述方法包含:
(i)实施本发明的方法以产生小鸟或后代;
(ii)允许所述小鸟或后代发育成性成熟的禽类;以及
(iii)由所述性成熟的禽类繁殖产生基因修饰的禽类。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供根据本发明的方法产生的基因修饰的禽类。
本发明进一步提供调节禽类性状的方法,所述方法包含:
(i)将包含与转染试剂混合的多核苷酸的转染混合物注入禽类胚胎的血管中,由此所述多核苷酸插入所述禽类中的一或多个生殖细胞的基因组中;以及
(ii)将所述胚胎在足以允许所述胚胎发育成小鸟的温度下孵育;
其中所述多核苷酸编码调节禽类性状的多肽或包含双链区域的RNA分子。
在一个实施方案中,所述RNA分子包含siRNA、shRNA或RNA诱饵。
在一个实施方案中,所述性状选自肌肉质量、性别、营养成分和/或抗病性。
本发明进一步提供增加禽类对病毒抗性的方法,所述方法包含实施本发明的方法,其中所述多核苷酸是减少病毒在细胞中复制的siRNA、shRNA或RNA诱饵,或者所述多核苷酸编码减少病毒在细胞中复制的抗病毒肽。
在一个具体实施方案中,所述病毒是流感病毒。
本发明进一步提供根据本发明的方法产生的禽类。
在本发明的某些实施方案中,所述禽类选自鸡、鸭、火鸡、鹅、矮脚鸡或鹌鹑。
在本发明的方法的另一个实施方案中,所述转染混合物进一步包含靶向性核酸酶,或编码靶向性核酸酶的多核苷酸,以便于所述多核苷酸整合入生殖细胞的基因组。例如,所述靶向性核酸酶可以选自锌指核酸酶、TALEN和CRISPR。
本发明进一步提供用于产生包含基因修饰的生殖细胞的禽类的方法,所述方法包含:
(i)将包含与转染试剂混合的多核苷酸的转染混合物注入禽类胚胎的血管中,由此所述多核苷酸插入所述禽类中的一或多个生殖细胞的基因组中;以及
(ii)将所述胚胎在足以使所述胚胎发育成小鸟的温度下孵育;
其中所述转染试剂包含阳离子脂质,所述多核苷酸进一步包含编码转座子的序列,并且所述转染混合物被注入处于阶段13-14的禽类胚胎的血管中。
在一个实施方案中,在转染试剂与多核苷酸混合之前,所述转染试剂包含脂质体(Lipofectamine)2000或3:1(w/w)的DOSPA和DOPE混合物,所述转座子是Tol2或mini-Tol2,所述转染混合物包含编码Tol2转座酶的多核苷酸。
本发明进一步提供用于产生包含基因修饰的生殖细胞的禽类的方法,所述方法包含:
(i)将包含与转染试剂混合的多核苷酸的转染混合物注入禽类胚胎的血管中,由此所述多核苷酸插入所述禽类中的一或多个生殖细胞的基因组中;以及
(ii)将所述胚胎在足以使所述胚胎发育成小鸟的温度下孵育;
其中所述转染试剂包含阳离子脂质和中性脂质,所述多核苷酸进一步包含编码锌指核酸酶的序列,并且所述转染混合物被注入处于阶段13-14的禽类胚胎的血管中。
在一个实施方案中,在转染试剂与多核苷酸混合之前,所述转染试剂包含脂质体2000或3:1(w/w)的DOSPA和DOPE混合物。
显而易见的是,本发明一个方面的优选特征和特性可用于本发明的许多其他方面。
遍及本说明书的词语“包含”或其变体应被理解为意指包括所述元件、整数或步骤,或元件、整数或步骤的组,但并不排除任意其他元件、整数或步骤,或元件、整数或步骤的组。
以下通过下述非限制性的实施例,并参照随后的附图对本发明进行描述。
附图说明
图1:将与脂质体2000复合的编码EGFP的DNA直接注入禽类胚胎。从7天胚胎中取出的性腺的荧光(左边)和匹配的亮视野(右边)图像。
图2:将与脂质体2000复合的编码EGFP的DNA直接注入14天的禽类胚胎。从14天胚胎中取出的性腺的荧光(右边)和匹配的亮视野(左边)图像。最后一张荧光图像是来自左手边胚胎中绿色细胞集群的特写。该区域从用鸡vasa同源物(cvh)染色的性腺的剩余部分分割开。性腺的剩余部分的一小部分用作阴性对照。
图3:将与脂质体2000复合的编码EGFP的DNA直接注入禽类胚胎。对细胞中的PGC标志物cvh进行染色。DAPI染色示出核酸材料,并对所有细胞染色。PGC特异性标志物cvh对细胞亚群染色(更亮的灰色细胞)。箭头所指为转化的细胞,其接受经直接注射的转座子,并被染成绿色。
图4:通过直接注入禽类胚胎确认体外优化。14天胚胎性腺中的EGFP表达。
图5:将与脂质体2000复合的编码EGFP的DNA以及包含编码shRNA的多个序列的多弹头(multi-warhead)构建体直接注入鸡肉用品系(broiler line)胚胎。来自12天性腺的荧光图像。
图6:将与脂质体2000复合的编码EGFP的DNA、多弹头构建体和伸展的发夹构建体直接注入产蛋品系(layer line)鸡胚胎。直接注射后14天胚胎性腺的荧光图像。
图7:将Tol2-EGFP构建体与两个多shRNA表达盒(pMAT084和pMAT085)的每一个直接注入。14天取出的10个性腺的图像,示出EGFP表达。
图8:筛选PCR产物的凝胶电泳,表明PB shRNA整合入直接注射的胚胎。直接注入ZFN和修复质粒(含有PB shRNA)5天后,从来自ZFN处理的胚胎以及来自对照胚胎的PGC富集的样品中提取DNA。然后进行筛选PCR以检测PB shRNA整合入基因组。泳道1示出PB注入的胚胎,泳道2为对照胚胎,泳道3为ZFN处理的细胞(阳性对照),泳道4为水对照。
序列表的关键
SEQ ID NO:1–Tol2 EGFP构建体多核苷酸序列
SEQ ID NO:2–Tol2转座酶氨基酸序列
SEQ ID NO:3–Screen 7的寡核苷酸引物
SEQ ID NO:4–Screen 6的寡核苷酸引物
SEQ ID NO:5–miniTol2正向寡核苷酸引物
SEQ ID NO:6–miniTol2反向寡核苷酸引物
SEQ ID NO:7–miniTol2检测探针
SEQ ID NO:8–基因组对照区域正向引物
SEQ ID NO:9–基因组对照区域反向引物
SEQ ID NO:10–基因组对照区域探针
发明详述
通用技术和定义
除非其他特别限定,本文所用的所有技术和科技术语应被理解为具有与本领域(例如,蛋白质化学、生物化学、细胞培养、分子遗传学、微生物学和免疫学)普通技术人员通常所理解的相同的含义。
除非其他另有说明,本发明中所用的重组DNA和蛋白质、细胞培养和免疫学技术是本领域技术人员熟知的标准程序。所述技术在以下文献中通篇描述和解释,例如J.Perbal,A Practical Guide to Molecular Cloning,John Wiley and Sons(1984),J.Sambrooket al.,Molecular Cloning:A Laboratory Manual,3rd edn,Cold Spring HarbourLaboratory Press(2001),R.Scopes,Protein Purification–Principals and Practice,3rd edn,Springer(1994),T.A.Brown(editor),Essential Molecular Biology:APractical Approach,Volumes 1and 2,IRL Press(1991),D.M.Glover and B.D.Hames(editors),DNA Cloning:A Practical Approach,Volumes 1-4,IRL Press(1995and1996),and F.M.Ausubel et al.(editors),Current Protocols in Molecular Biology,Greene Pub.Associates and Wiley-Interscience(1988,包括至今的所有更新),EdHarlow and David Lane(editors)Antibodies:A Laboratory Manual,Cold SpringHarbour Laboratory,(1988),以及J.E.Coligan et al.(editors)Current Protocols inImmunology,John Wiley&Sons(包括至今的所有更新)。
本文所用术语“禽类”指分类学上的“鸟纲”中的任意种、亚种或品种的生物体,例如但不限于如下生物体:鸡、火鸡、鸭、鹅、鹌鹑、野鸡、鹦鹉、雀类、鹰、乌鸦和走禽类(包括鸵鸟、鸸鹋和食火鸡)。术语包括不同已知品系的原鸡(Gallus gallus)(鸡),例如白色来亨鸡(White Leghorn)、褐色来亨鸡(Brown Leghorn)、横纹洛克鸡(Barred-Rock)、苏塞克斯郡鸡(Sussex)、新罕布什尔鸡(New Hampshire)、罗德岛鸡(Rhode Island)、澳洲黑鸡(Australorp)、米奴加鸡(Minorca)、阿木鸡(Amrox)、加州灰色鸡(California Gray)、意大利帕特里奇彩色鸡(Italian Partidge-colored),以及火鸡、野鸡、鹌鹑、鸭子、鸵鸟和其它通常商业规模饲养的家禽的品种。
术语“家禽”包括所有为了肉或蛋的饲养、收获或驯养的禽类,例如鸡、火鸡、鸵鸟、小母鸡(game hen)、雏鸽、珠鸡、雉鸡、鹌鹑、鸭、鹅和食火鸡(emu)。
本文所用“基因修饰的禽类”或“转基因禽类”是指任意禽类,其中所述禽类的一或多个细胞包含通过人为干涉引入的异源核酸。
直接注射技术
鸡中的生殖细胞系在来自阶段X胚胎的外胚层的细胞进入新生内胚层时起始(Kagami et al.,1997;以及Petitte,2002)。随着内胚层向前发展,前原生殖细胞被向前推入生殖新月体,在那里它们可被鉴定为大的充满糖原的细胞。通过这些形态学标准对生殖细胞系中的细胞的最早鉴定在孵化开始后约8小时(用由Hamburger and Hamilton,(1951)建立的分阶段系统的阶段4)。从阶段4开始直到其在阶段12-17期间迁移通过脉管系统,原生殖细胞定位于生殖新月体。在这段时间,原生殖细胞为约200个细胞的小群体。随着性腺分化,原生殖细胞从脉管系统迁移进入性腺嵴,并整合入卵巢或睾丸。
之前通过将来自不同发育阶段(囊胚层至20天胚胎)的供体PGC和性腺生殖细胞移植入受体胚胎,已产生了生殖细胞系嵌合鸡。从禽类原生殖细胞(PGC)的长期培养物获得转基因鸡的方法也已在例如美国专利申请20060206952有记载。当通过已知程序与宿主禽类胚胎组合时,这些修饰的PGC经转运通过生殖细胞系以产生基因修饰的后代。
与依赖于从供体胚胎中收获PGC的常用的现有技术方法相比,本发明的所述方法包括将转染混合物直接注入禽类胚胎。因此,本发明的所述方法可用于转染包括PGC和胚胎生殖细胞的禽类生殖细胞。
转染混合物
在本发明的方法中,多核苷酸与适合的转染试剂复合或混合。本文所用术语“转染试剂”是指添加到多核苷酸中的组合物,用于增强所述多核苷酸被包括但不限于禽类细胞如原生殖细胞的真核细胞的吸收。虽然可以使用本领域已知的适合转染真核细胞的任意转染试剂,本发明人发现包含阳离子脂质的转染试剂特别适用于本发明的方法。因此,在一个优选实施方案中,单价阳离子脂质选自如下一或多种:DOTMA(N-[1-(2,3-二油酰氧基)丙基]-N,N,N-三甲基氯化铵)、DOTAP(1,2-双(油酰氧基)-3-3-(三甲基氨)丙烷)、DMRIE(1,2-双十四烷基氧基丙基3-二甲基-羟基乙基铵溴化物)或DDAB(二甲基双十八烷基溴化铵)。优选的多价阳离子脂质为脂精胺(Lipospermine),特别是DOSPA(2,3-二油基氧基-N-[2-(精胺羧酰胺)乙基]-N,N-二甲基-1-丙铵三氟醋酸盐)和DOSPER(1,3-二油酰基氧基-2-(6-羧基精胺基)丙酰胺),以及二和四烷基四甲基精胺,包括但不限于TMTPS(四甲基四棕榈酰精胺)、TMTOS(四甲基四油烯基精胺)、TMTLS(四甲基四月桂基精胺)、TMTMS(四甲基四肉豆蔻基精胺)和TMDOS(四甲基二油烯基精胺)。阳离子脂质任选地与非阳离子脂质,特别是中性脂质组合,例如如下脂质:DOPE(二油酰磷脂酰乙醇胺)、DPhPE(二植烷酰磷脂酰乙醇胺)或胆固醇。由3:1(w/w)的DOSPA和DOPE混合物或DOTMA和DOPE 1:1(w/w)的混合物组成的阳离子脂质组合物通常用于本发明的方法。适合的商业可得的包含阳离子脂质的转染试剂的非限制实例包括脂质体(Life Technologies)和脂质体2000(Life Technologies)。
通常,可用于将核酸导入任意细胞,特别是真核细胞的任意树状聚体(dendrimer)可用于本发明的方法。优选第5代或更高代数(G5或更高)的树状聚体,其中G5-G10代的树状聚体特别有兴趣。可用于本发明的树状聚体包括具有NH3或乙二胺核的树状聚体,GX(NH3)或GX(EDA),其中X=代数。优选X=5-10的树状聚体。可用于本发明的树状聚体包括其中internal layers的重复单元是酰胺(以形成聚酰胺,即PAMAM)的树状聚体。有用的树状聚体包括其中所述树状聚体的外表面处的末端官能团例如像末端氨基官能团一样提供正电荷密度的树状聚体。树状聚体外表面的表面电荷和化学性质可随着改变表面上的官能团而变化,例如通过一些或全部表面氨基的反应。特别有兴趣的是通过与阳性氨基酸例如赖氨酸或精氨酸反应而被功能化的树状聚体。接枝的树状聚体在例如PCT申请WO 9622321和WO9631549中有记载,并在美国专利5,266,106中提及,其可用于本发明的方法。活化的树状聚体(Haensler and Szoka,1993;以及Tang et al.,1996)也可用于本发明的方法。
所述转染试剂可进一步包含来自病毒、细菌或动物蛋白及其他来源的肽序列,包括能增强真核细胞转染效率的肽、蛋白或片段或其部分,所述转染由包括阳离子脂质和树状聚体的转染试剂介导。所述肽记载于US20030069173中,并且包括例如流感病毒、腺病毒、塞姆利基森林病毒(Semliki forest virus)、HIV、肝炎、单纯疱疹病毒、水泡性口炎病毒或猿猴病毒40的病毒肽或蛋白,更具体地,前述任一种的RGD肽序列、NLS肽序列和/或VSVG肽序列以及修饰的肽或蛋白。
所述多核苷酸可根据制造商说明书或已知方案与所述转染试剂混合(或“复合”)。举例来说,当用脂质体2000转染试剂(Invitrogen,Life Technologies)转染质粒DNA时,DNA可以稀释到50μl Opit-MEM培养基中并轻轻混合。所述脂质体2000转染试剂经轻轻混合,并以适当含量稀释到50μl Opit-MEM培养基中。温育5分钟后,稀释的DNA和转染试剂合并并在室温轻轻混合20分钟。
适合体积的转染混合物继而可按照本发明的方法直接注入禽类胚胎。尽管适合体积可由例如胚胎阶段和被注射的禽类种类等因素来决定,但用于注入禽类胚胎的适合体积通常是约1μl至约3μl。本领域技术人员可以理解,用于混合转染试剂和DNA的方案,以及待注入禽类胚胎的体积可根据本说明书的教导进行优化。
注入胚胎
注射前,将蛋于适合胚胎发育的温度,例如约37.5至38℃下,尖头端(taglion)朝上孵育约2.5天(阶段12-17),或直到胚胎中的血管具有允许注射的足够尺寸时。转染混合物注射的最佳时间是PGC迁移时,其通常发生在阶段12-17左右,但更优选阶段13-14。本领域技术人员可以理解,肉用品系鸡通常具有更快生长的胚胎,于是注射应优选发生在阶段13-14早期,以便在PGC迁移时将转染混合物导入血流。
为了接近禽类胚胎的血管,在蛋壳上打洞。例如,可以使用适合的工具如钳子在蛋的尖头端打一约10mm的洞。小心地移除壳部分和相连的膜,同时避免伤及胚胎及其膜。
由硅化玻璃毛细管制成的微量吸管可用于将所述转染混合物注入禽类胚胎的血管中。通常地,微量吸管用拉针仪拉长或“拉出”,在吸管研磨器的辅助下将尖头斜切成直径(内开口)约10μm至约50μm,更优选直径约25μm至约30μm。微量吸管通常磨成直径约25μm至约30μm,以便于将PGC注入禽类胚胎。本领域技术人员可以理解,由于转染混合物不含细胞,更狭窄的直径可用于本发明的方法。以这种方式产生的微量吸管也称为“拉丝玻璃毛细管”。
拉丝玻璃毛细管装载约1-3μl转染复合体。可注入具有足够尺寸以容纳所述毛细管的任意血管,例如缘脉或背主动脉,或任意其他具有足够尺寸接纳所述毛细管的血管。气压可用于将所述转染复合体从毛细管中排出,进入血管。
随着将转染混合物注入禽类胚胎的血管,用足量石蜡膜(parafilm)或其他本领域已知的适合的密封膜将蛋密封。例如,若壳上开了10mm的洞,可用约20mm的石蜡膜方片覆盖该洞。温暖的手术刀片继而可用于将所述石蜡膜粘在蛋外表面。然后将蛋翻转至尖头端朝下的位置,在足以使所述胚胎发育的温度下孵育,例如直至随后分析或孵化。
本文所用短语“足以使所述胚胎发育的温度”和“足以使所述胚胎发育成小鸟的温度”是指禽类胚胎所需的在蛋中持续发育,优选发育成准备孵化的小鸟的孵育温度。适合的孵育温度可由本领域技术人员确定。例如,鸡蛋通常在约35.8至约38℃孵育。孵卵器商业可得,其将孵育温度控制在期望的水平,例如产卵后1至6天为37.9℃,9天和10天为约37.6℃,11天和12天为约37.5℃,13天为约37.4℃,14天和15天为约37.3℃,16天为约37.2℃,17天为约37.1℃,到22天可降至约35.8℃。
多核苷酸的基因组整合
为了便于所述多核苷酸整合入禽类生殖细胞的基因组,转座子、锌指核酸酶或其他非病毒构建体或载体优选地用于本发明的方法。
适合的转座子的实例包括Tol2(Kawakami et al.,2002)、mini-Tol2、SleepingBeauty(Ivics et al.,1997)、PiggyBac(Ding et al.,2005)、Mariner和Galluhop。Tol2转座子从青鳉鱼Oryzias latipes中首次分离,属于hAT家族转座子,其在Kawakami et al.(2000)中有记载。Mini-Tol2是Tol2的变体,并记载于Balciunas et al.(2006)。当与Tol2转座酶共同作用时,Tol2和Mini-Tol2转座子有利于转基因整合入生物体的基因组。通过单独的非复制型质粒递送Tol2转座酶,仅Tol2或Mini-Tol2转座子和转基因整合入基因组,含有Tol2转座酶的质粒在有限数目的细胞分裂中丢失。因此,整合的Tol2或Mini-Tol2转座子不再具有进行后续转座事件的能力。另外,由于Tol2已知不是天然存在的禽类转座子,禽类细胞,例如鸡细胞中不存在内源转座酶活性以引起进一步的转座事件。本领域可以理解,转染混合物中可包括编码Tol2转座酶的RNA,以替代编码转座酶的DNA质粒。因此,Tol2转座子和转座酶特别适合用于本发明的方法。
任意其他适合的转座子系统可用于本发明的方法。例如,转座子系统可以是Sleeping Beauty、Frog Prince或Mos1转座子系统,或者可以使用属于tc1/mariner或hAT家族转座子的任意转座子。
本领域技术人员可以理解,待注入禽类胚胎的构建体中可以期望包括额外的遗传元件。可以包含在核酸构建体中的额外的遗传元件的实例包括报告基因,例如一或多个荧光标记蛋白如GFP或RFP的基因,易于测定的酶,例如β-半乳糖苷酶、荧光素酶、β-葡糖醛酸糖苷酶、氯霉素乙酰转移酶或分泌的胚胎碱性磷酸酶,或具有针对其现成的免疫测定的蛋白质,例如激素或细胞因子。可用于本发明的实施方案中的其他遗传元件包括编码蛋白质的遗传元件,所述蛋白质赋予细胞选择性生长优势,例如腺苷脱氨酶、氨基糖苷磷酸转移酶、二氢叶酸还原酶、潮霉素-β-磷酸转移酶,或抗药性。
基因组编辑技术也可用于本发明的方法。举例来说,所述基因组编辑技术可以是靶向性核酸酶。本文所用术语“靶向性核酸酶”包括天然存在的蛋白或修饰的蛋白。在一个实施方案中,所述靶向性核酸内切酶可以是大范围核酸酶(meganuclease)。大范围核酸酶是内切脱氧核糖核酸酶,特征在于长识别序列,即所述识别序列通常约12碱基对至约40碱基对。作为该要求的结果,所述识别序列在任意给定基因组中通常仅出现一次。在大范围核酸酶中,名为LAGLIDADG的归巢内切核酸酶家族成为基因组和基因组编辑研究的有价值的工具。通过使用本领域技术人员熟知的技术对大范围核酸酶的识别序列进行修饰,大范围核酸酶可被靶向至特定染色体序列。
在另一个实施方案中,所述“靶向性核酸酶”是锌指核酸酶。锌指核酸酶(ZFN)是人工核酸酶,通过将锌指DNA结合结构域与DNA切割结构域融合而制成。锌指结构域可被修饰成靶向期望的DNA序列,这使得锌指核酸酶靶向复杂的基因组中的独特序列。通过利用内源DNA修复机器,这些试剂可被用于精确改变高等生物体的基因组。锌指核酸酶是本领域已知的,并在例如美国专利7,241,574中有记载,Durai et al.(2005)和Davis and Stokoe(2010)中也有综述。
在本发明之前,人们预计为了用锌指核酸酶技术修饰PGC,锌指构建体将被导入培养的PGC。然后可以对包含期望的插入/修饰的转染的细胞进行选择和克隆。被分选和克隆的细胞将被注入去除PGC的受体胚胎。
本发明人惊讶地发现,将锌指核酸酶构建体直接注入禽类胚胎导致特定的基因组修饰,其可在14天的被转染胚胎的性腺中被检测到。该发现令人惊讶,因为人们预计转染效率和锌指核酸酶活性的组合水平太低而无法在被直接注射的胚胎中检测到特定修饰。鉴于靶向预期DNA序列的特异性,以及本发明人的发现,即直接注入胚胎的锌指核酸酶和转染试剂的组合实现了高于预料水平的效率,锌指核酸酶特别适用于在本发明的方法中将多核苷酸导入禽类生殖细胞的基因组。
在另一个实施方案中,所述靶向性内切核酸酶可以是转录激活子样效应因子(TALE)核酸酶(参见例如Zhang et al.,2011)。TALE是来自植物病原体黄单胞菌属的转录因子,其容易被修饰以结合新的DNA靶标。TALE或其截短形式可与内切核酸酶例如Fokl的催化结构域相连,以建立名为TALE核酸酶或TALEN的靶向性内切核酸酶。
在另一个实施方案中,所述“靶向性核酸酶”是规律成簇间隔短回文重复(CRISPR)核酸酶(Barrangou,2012)。CRISPR是参与针对入侵噬菌体和质粒防御的微生物核酸酶系统。微生物宿主中的CRISPR基因座含有能够编程CRISPR-介导的核酸切割的特异性的CRISPR-相关(Cas)基因以及非编码RNA元件的组合。在广泛的细菌宿主中已鉴定了三类(I-III)CRISPR系统。每个CRISPR基因座的一个主要特征是存在由非重复序列短片段(间隔区)间隔的大量重复序列(直接重复)。非编码CRISPR阵列经转录并在直接重复中切割形成含有单个间隔区序列的短crRNA,其将Cas核酸酶指向靶位点(前间区序列(protospacer))。
II型CRISPR是了解最为透彻的系统之一(例如参见Cong et al.,2013),其在四个顺序步骤中进行靶向性DNA双链断裂。第一,两个非编码RNA、pre-crRNA阵列和tracrRNA从CRISPR基因座转录。第二,tracrRNA与pre-crRNA的重复区域杂交,并介导pre-crRNA加工成含有单个间隔区序列的成熟crRNA。第三,成熟的crRNA:tracrRNA复合体通过crRNA上的间隔区与前间区序列邻近基序(PAM)旁的靶DNA上的前间区序列之间的Wastson-Crick碱基配对,将Cas9导向靶DNA,这是靶识别的额外要求。最后,Cas9介导靶DNA切割在前间区序列中产生双链断裂。CRISPR系统还可用于在基因组中产生单链断裂。因此CRISPR系统可用于RNA指导的位点特异性基因组编辑。
多核苷酸
本发明的方法能被用于将多核苷酸整合入禽类原生殖细胞的基因组中,所述多核苷酸能被传递至基因修饰的后代。整合入基因组的多核苷酸可以赋予包含所述多核苷酸的基因修饰的细胞期望的功能或活性,例如修饰生产性状或增加抗病性。因此,可以整合入生殖细胞基因组的多核苷酸包括编码短干扰RNA(siRNA)、短发夹RNA(shRNA)、伸展短发夹RNA(ehRNA)、催化RNA例如核糖酶、RNA诱饵的多核苷酸,以及编码内源或外源多肽例如可用于调节禽类生产性状或增加禽类抗病性的多肽的多核苷酸。
因此,在一些实施方案中,本发明的方法能被用于修饰禽类的任意性状。能被修饰的优选性状包括生产性状和抗病性。本文所用术语“生产性状”指具有商业价值的任意禽类表型,例如肌肉质量、性别、抗病性或营养成分。能够根据本发明的方法修饰的优选性状包括性别、肌肉质量和抗病性。能被靶向以修饰作为禽类生产性状的性别的基因的实例包括DMRT1、WPKCI(ASW)、R-spondin、FOX9、aromatase、AMH和β-catenin。
本文所用术语“肌肉质量”指肌肉组织的重量。通过称量从如本文所述处理的蛋孵化的鸟的总的肌肉组织,与来自相同种类,更优选相同品系或相同品种的禽类的鸟,甚至更优选相同的鸟(未施用本文限定的核酸)进行比较,以确定肌肉质量的增加。可替代地,特定的肌肉例如胸肌和/或腿肌能被用于鉴定肌肉质量的增加。能被靶向用于调节肌肉质量的基因包括例如myostatin基因。
RNA干扰
在某些实施方案中,本发明的方法利用编码用于RNA干扰的双链区域的核酸分子,从而调节禽类性状。术语“RNA干扰”、“RNAi”或“基因沉默”通常指一种方法,其中双链RNA分子减少所述双链RNA分子共享实质或完全同源性的核酸序列的表达。然而,已经证实使用非RNA双链分子能实现RNA干扰(参见例如US 20070004667)。
双链区域应当至少19个连续的核苷酸,例如约19-23个核苷酸,或者可以更长,例如30或50个核苷酸,或者100个核苷酸或更多。可以用对应于整个基因转录子的全长序列。优选地,它们长约19至约23个核苷酸。
核酸分子双链区域与被靶向的转录子的同一性程度应当为至少90%,更优选95-100%。所述核酸分子当然可以包含不相关的序列,其可用于稳定所述分子。
本文所用术语“短干扰RNA”或“siRNA”指包含核糖核苷酸的核酸分子,所述核糖核苷酸能够例如通过以序列特异性方式介导RNAi,抑制或下调基因表达,其中双链部分长度少于50个核苷酸,优选长约19至约24个核苷酸。例如siRNA可以是包含自身互补正义和反义区域的核酸分子,其中所述反义区域包含与靶核酸分子或其部分中的核苷酸序列互补的核苷酸序列,所述正义区域具有对应于靶核酸序列或其部分的核苷酸序列。siRNA能由两个单独的寡核苷酸装配,其中一条链是正义链,另一条链是反义链,其中反义链和正义链自身互补。
本文所用术语siRNA意指与用于描述能够介导序列特异性RNAi的核酸分子的其他术语等价,例如micro-RNA(miRNA)、短发夹RNA(shRNA)、短干扰寡核苷酸、短干扰核酸(siNA)、短干扰修饰寡核苷酸、化学修饰siRNA、转录后基因沉默RNA(ptgsRNA)及其他。另外,本文所用术语RNAi意指与用于描述序列特异性RNA干扰的其他术语等价,例如转录后基因沉默、翻译抑制或表观遗传学。例如,本文所述siRNA分子能被用于在转录后水平或转录前水平表观遗传沉默基因。在非限制性实例中,本文所述的siRNA分子对基因表达的表观调控能缘于siRNA介导的改变基因表达的染色质结构修饰。
“shRNA”或“短发夹RNA”意指RNA分子,其中少于约50个核苷酸,优选约19至约23个核苷酸与定位于相同RNA分子上的互补序列碱基配对,并且其中所述序列和互补序列被至少约4至约15个核苷酸的不成对区域分隔,所述不成对区域在由两个碱基互补的区域建立的茎结构之上形成单链环。
所包含的shRNA是双指或多指发夹dsRNA,其中RNA分子包含两个或更多个由单链间隔区区域分隔的这种颈环结构。
MicroRNA调控是RNA沉默通路的专门分支,其远离传统RNAi/PTGS,朝基因调控进化。MicroRNA是特定类别的小RNA,其在独特的反向重复序列中构成的基因样元件中编码。转录时,microRNA基因产生颈环前体RNA,microRNA随后由此加工而得。MicroRNA通常长约21个核苷酸。被释放的miRNA整合入含有一群特定Argonaute蛋白的RISC样复合体,展示出序列特异性基因抑制。
抗病性
本发明的方法可用于将赋予细胞抗病性的多核苷酸整合入禽类胚胎的原生殖细胞基因组。例如,多核苷酸可以编码核酸分子,例如siRNA、shRNA或miRNA,其降低宿主或病原体基因表达,导致其中存在所述多核苷酸的细胞中病毒复制减少。本文所用“病毒复制”指病毒基因组在宿主细胞中的扩增、病毒基因组在细胞中的包装和/或从细胞释放传染性病毒颗粒。
可替代地,多核苷酸可以编码RNA诱饵。RNA诱饵是本领域已知的,并含有特定核苷酸碱基序列,其结合对病原性病毒的复制所必需的病毒蛋白。靶向HIV蛋白的RNA诱饵由Sullenger et al.(1990)首次记载。然而,本领域技术人员可以理解,RNA诱饵可被设计为靶向在禽类病毒病原体复制中起作用的蛋白,例如靶向流感病毒聚合酶复合体蛋白的RNA诱饵。
优选地,通过减少禽类细胞中的病毒复制,包含多核苷酸的基因修饰的禽类将对病毒病原体具有增加的抗性。本文中对病原体或病毒病原体具有“抗性”或具有“增加的抗性”的禽类与易感禽类相比,当暴露于病原体时,展现出减少的疾病症状或没有疾病症状。使用本发明的方法,禽类可以对病原体产生抗性,所述病原体例如但不限于流感病毒、马立克氏病病毒、新城疫病毒和传染性法氏囊病病毒。
卵内(in ovo)产生重组蛋白
Petitte and Modziak(2007)记载了家养母鸡作为“非常有效的蛋白生物反应器”。意识到禽蛋含有大量蛋白,并且蛋白或白蛋白中过半数蛋白由单一种类构成,在蛋中产生重组或异源蛋白具有巨大潜能。本领域深知产生转基因家禽的现有技术方法面临的困难,所述转基因家禽用于在蛋中产生治疗性蛋白。尽管使用不希望的慢病毒系统,已经实现了产生转基因禽类,其在蛋中储存了高水平的商业相关蛋白。因此,本发明的方法可用于产生基因修饰的禽类,其在蛋中表达异源或重组多肽。能够在蛋中产生的具有商业重要性的蛋白包括治疗性蛋白,例如抗体和疫苗抗原。
基因修饰禽类的产生和繁殖
本发明的方法包括繁殖基因修饰禽类的方法和由基因修饰禽类生产食品的方法。本领域技术人员应当理解,包含基因修饰的生殖细胞的本发明的禽类可以是生殖细胞系嵌合的,因为仅有一些迁移进入性腺的生殖细胞被基因修饰。因此,包含基因修饰的生殖细胞的禽类能被繁殖产生其中所有细胞均被基因修饰的后代。因此在一个实施方案中,本发明提供了用于产生基因修饰的禽类的方法,所述方法包含:(i)获得包含根据本发明基因修饰的生殖细胞的禽类;(ii)由包含基因修饰的生殖细胞的所述禽类繁殖产生后代;以及(iii)选择包含插入到基因组中的多核苷酸的后代。
所述包含本发明的基因修饰的生殖细胞的禽类,以及根据本发明基因修饰的禽类可用于食品生产。因此,本发明的方法可用于生产供人和动物消费的家禽产品。由家禽生产食品的方法是本领域熟知的,并且可以包含从家禽,例如但不限于鸡收获肉和/或蛋。在某些实施方案中,所述禽类被基因修饰,以包括调节生产性状的多核苷酸。
实施例
实施例1:将EGFP表达构建体直接注入胚胎
5.1μg编码增强GFP(EGFP)(侧翼是Tol2序列)的核酸构建体和1.0μg编码Tol2转座酶的质粒与3μl脂质体2000复合。核酸和转染试剂的复合在总体积90μl的OptiMEM或OptiPRO培养基中进行,使用制造商(Life Technologies)推荐的温育时间。
经最终20分钟温育后,将1-3μl复合体注入2.5天鸡胚(阶段13-17,Hamburger andHamilton,1951)的血管。无需移除血液。通过移除一小部分(10mm)壳,从而接近胚胎。注入后,用20mm的方形石蜡膜将洞密封。
7天和14天,大多数性腺中观察到不同水平的EGFP表达。从性腺分离的细胞和绿色细胞也证实为PGC(图1-3)。
实施例2:体外优化DNA与转染试剂比例
通过实验测试DNA:脂质体2000的最佳比例,以及构成转染复合体的培养基体积。编码EGFP及单发卡(shRNA)(侧翼为Tol2序列)的DNA构建体与脂质体2000在50、40、30或20μl体积的OptiMEM中复合。所用DNA(μg)与脂质体2000(μl)的比例如下:1:2、2:4和4:8。
复合体转染入鸡成纤维细胞(DF-1),并分析EGFP表达。结果表明(未示)1:2的DNA(μg):脂质体2000比例、30μl培养基比2:4的比例、50μl培养基效果稍好。
随后在胚胎中验证体外数据。0.33μg包含Tol2转座子的DNA构建体、0.66μg转座酶质粒和2μl脂质体2000在OptiMEM中复合,并直接注入鸡胚。所有存活胚胎在14天均具有良好的EGFP表达水平(图4)。
实施例3:测试FuGene转染试剂
FuGene(Promega)作为转染试剂测试,使用与制造商推荐的用于细胞培养物转染类似的DNA:Fugene比例。与FuGene复合的DNA构建体包含EGFP表达盒,侧翼为Tol2序列。复合体(0.66μg EGFP-Tol2构建体,1.33μg转座酶质粒,6μl FuGene)直接注入15个胚胎。其中一个胚胎在14天性腺中显示非常少量的EGFP表达。重复该实验,12天时,所有被注射的10个胚胎均仍存活。其中两个胚胎的性腺中有几个绿色细胞。
实施例4:直接注入转化肉用品系
由于之前的直接注入实验在产蛋品系鸡上进行,本实验的目的在于测试该直接注入方法能否用于成功转化肉用品系鸡。包含单发夹和侧翼Tol2序列的EGFP表达构建体与脂质体2000复合(0.33μg转座子构建体,0.66μg转座酶,2μl脂质体2000),并直接注入鸡胚的背主动脉。13个注射胚胎中有12个在10天时存活,并且在大多数性腺中检测到相当数量的EGFP表达。
用包含多发夹(shRNA)的EGFP表达构建体(0.33μg转座子,0.66μg转座酶,2μl脂质体2000)重复本实验。12天的胚胎中发现相当数量的EGFP表达。
实施例5:OptiMEM与OptiPRO作为转染试剂培养基的比较
比较OptiMEM(含有动物产品)、OptiPRO(不含动物产品)和PBSA作为转染试剂培养基。包含侧翼Tol2序列的EGFP表达构建体与转染试剂复合(0.33μg转座子,0.66μg转座酶,2μl脂质体2000),并直接注入鸡胚。所有胚胎在12天时性腺中均显示一些绿色,所用培养基不影响死亡率。OptiMEM和OptiPRO产生相当的结果,而PBSA导致EGFP在性腺中的表达显著减少。
实施例6.用多弹头构建体注射产蛋品系鸡
两种DNA构建体与转染试剂复合并直接注入鸡胚。第一种DNA构建体包含EGFP表达盒以及侧翼为Tol2序列的多个shRNA发夹,第二种构建体包含EGFP表达构建体以及编码三个双链区域的单个伸展发夹盒。所述构建体以如下量与转染试剂复合:0.33μg转座子,0.66μg转座酶,2μL脂质体2000。在14天,对于两种构建体,大多数胚胎性腺中均发现了EGFP表达。
实施例7:测试Tol2-EGFP的持久性
包含EGFP表达盒、多发夹以及侧翼为Tol2的DNA构建体与转染试剂复合(0.33μg转座子,2μL脂质体2000)。不含转座酶的转染复合物直接注入鸡胚。
缺少转座酶的胚胎在某些胚胎中仍显示有绿色细胞,但比包括转座酶时要少。这表明质粒在直接注入后能在性腺细胞中保留至少2周,并且不是所有观察到的绿色均由于Tol2整合入基因组。
实施例8:不含动物的脂质体
具有Tol2和多个shRNA表达盒的EGFP表达盒与不含动物产品的转染试剂(脂质体2000CD)复合(0.33μg转座子,0.66μg转座酶,2μL脂质体2000CD)。在14天,所有10个被检测的胚胎性腺中均具有大量的EGFP表达(图7)。
实施例9:3.5天时直接注入
在所有之前的实验中,在2.5天时进行转染复合体注入。本实验的目的是测试在其他时间(3.5天)直接注入胚胎。包含EGFP表达构建体和Tol2的DNA构建体与脂质体2000CD复合(0.33μg转座子,0.66μg转座酶,2μl脂质体2000 CD)。
在14天,21个胚胎中的8个在性腺中具有少量EGFP表达。因此,2.5天时进行直接注射的时机很重要,到3.5天时进行直接注射未观察到有效的PGC转染。
实施例10:改变转座子与转座酶的比例
保持DNA:脂质体2000 CD:培养基的比例的同时,我们增加了DNA混合物中转座子的比例,同时稍微减少转座酶质粒的比例。由于今后的实验需要注入更多蛋,我们使用了略有不同的体积。发明人还测试了在注入转染混合物之前从胚胎移除血液,以确定这样是否允许注入增加体积的混合物。
包含EGFP表达盒和Tol2的DNA构建体与转染试剂复合(0.66μg转座子,1.0μg转座酶,3μl脂质体2000 CD)。在14天,与未预先放血的胚胎相比,预先放血的胚胎性腺中具有相似水平的EGFP表达。新的DNA比例工作良好,观察到了良好的EGFP表达水平。
实施例11:JetPEI转染试剂
对于JetPEI,包含EGFP表达盒和Tol2的DNA构建体与转染试剂(4μg转座子,6μg转座酶,1.6μl JetPEI(Polyplus transfection))在50μl OptiPRO(含有5%葡萄糖)中复合。转染时JetPEI引起血液凝结,但这不影响胚胎生存性。在这些胚胎和性腺中发现了绿色细胞,但大部分与用脂质体2000转染时见到的转化PGC表型不同。
进行第二个实验以测试JetPEI转染试剂。使用两种反应混合物:i)0.66μg转座子,1.0μg转座酶,0.5μl JetPEI,于100μl OptiPRO(含有5%葡萄糖)中;以及ii)1.32μg转座子,2.0μg转座酶,0.5μl JetPEI,于100μl OptiPRO(含有5%葡萄糖)中。
转染时JetPEI引起血液凝结,反应混合物(ii)导致胚胎生存性改善。性腺中再次发现一些EGFP表达,但是细胞类型再次不像PGC样。将性腺取出,分离细胞并对PGC标志物染色。没有绿色细胞显示对PGC标志物染色,其表明PGC未被JetPEI复合体转染。
实施例12:锌指核酸酶
本实验的目的是确定锌指核酸酶质粒能否通过直接注射技术用于转化PGC。本实验中所用DNA包含两个锌指核酸酶质粒和重叠片段,其与转染试剂0.5μg每种质粒、3μl脂质体2000 CD在90μl OptiPRO中复合。
由于质粒上不存在EGFP,发明人依靠PCR测试,仅在重叠片段已整合入鸡基因组时,所述PCR测试将扩增出片段。孵育14天后,移除性腺,用抗体分选方法富集PGC,并制备基因组DNA。PCR表明重叠片段已整合入鸡基因组中。这些结果证实,锌指核酸酶适于使用本发明的直接注入方法,将DNA整合入禽类PGC基因组。
实施例13:结果
按照如上列出的方案,发明人看到受体胚胎中PGC的显著转化,并比现有技术中所述的转染PGC的方法转化程度更高。通过对具有PGC特异性标志物的细胞染色,发明人证实性腺中转化的细胞大多数是PGC。发明人将受体胚胎培养至性成熟,并能在>90%的成年雄性精液中检测到Tol2转座子序列。
使用了其他转染试剂,然而基于脂质的试剂产生更好的PGC转染。JetPEI通过该方法的确转染细胞,但无法证实任何被转染的细胞均为PGC。FuGene以极低的比率转染细胞。
实施例14:使用锌指核酸酶直接注入修饰基因组
靶向PANK1基因内含子5的区域的锌指核酸酶(ZFN)与包含抗流感shRNA PB1-2257和同源修复所需区域的质粒一起注入胚胎,随后对所述胚胎进行shRNA整合的分析。
在注入30个2.5天的蛋之前,将总量为1.5μg的DNA(每种ZFN质粒各500μg,以及500μg修复质粒)添加到45μl OptiPRO中,然后与45μl OptiPRO中的3μl脂质体2000 CD复合。将蛋孵育直至第7天,届时移除并分离性腺,并用SSEA-1抗体(Santa Cruz Biotech)进行MACS分选以富集PGC。利用Qiagen DNAeasy试剂盒从来自ZFN处理的胚胎和对照胚胎的PGC富集样品中分离DNA。
用PCR筛选shRNA的成功整合,所述PCR使用与用于同源修复的区域外部的基因组结合的引物(Screen 7:5′GTGACTCAGACTCCTGTTAG(SEQ ID NO:3)),以及与shRNA结合的引物(Screen 6:5′TCTGCTGCTTCACAGTCTTC(SEQ ID NO:4))。使用green master mix(Promega),按照制造商的说明书进行PCR,循环条件为:94℃2分钟,接着94℃45秒,循环36次,55℃45秒,72℃1分10秒。接着于72℃最后延伸10分钟。
对来自ZFN处理的胚胎和对照胚胎的PGC富集样品的DNA、来自阳性对照细胞的DNA以及水对照进行PCR,所述阳性对照细胞之前已证实具有shRNA整合。图8示出这些PCR反应的凝胶电泳。第一泳道,其含有来自ZFN直接注入胚胎的PCR,明确示出代表被注入胚胎中基因组整合的条带。
实施例15:直接注入鸡基因组修饰的结果
在几轮直接注入后,对饲养至性成熟的总共277只公鸡及其精液测试Tol2转基因的存在。在被测的277个样品中,98个被发现含有Tol2转基因,具有不同百分比水平的阳性精液。这些阳性G(0)公鸡的一些进行交配,总共筛选7393只G(1)小鸡。65只小鸡被发现是转基因的。使用这些G(1)小鸡的随后交配证实转基因向G(2)代的孟德尔遗传。
孵化的小鸡培养至性成熟,用定量实时PCR(qPCR)检测精液中miniTol-EGFP的存在。收集精液样品,利用Qiagen DNeasy血液和组织试剂盒,按照制造商的说明书从稀释于180μl PBS的20μl精液中提取DNA。然后将精液基因组DNA按1/100稀释于ddH2O中,用于PCR反应。按照制造商的说明书在ep realplex(Eppendorf Hamburg,Germany)上进行qPCR。简言之,设立20μl的反应,其包含10μl Taqman 2×Universal master mix(Applied Biosystems),1μl 20×FAM labeled Assay Mix(Applied Biosystems)和9μl稀释的DNA。每种样品均一式两份设立,并含有针对minTol2的特异性引物和探针:
正向引物:5′CAGTCAAAAAGTACTTATTTTTTGGAGATCACT 3′(SEQ ID NO:5);
反向引物:5′GGGCATCAGCGCAATTCAATT 3′(SEQ ID NO:6);
检测探针:5′ATAGCAAGGGAAAATAG 3′(SEQ ID NO:7);
以及针对来自鸡基因组的作为模板对照的基因组对照区域的特异性引物和探针:
正向引物:5′GATGGGAAAACCCTGAACCTC 3′(SEQ ID NO:8);
反向引物:5′CAACCTGCTAGAGAAGATGAGAAGAG 3′(SEQ ID NO:9);
检测探针:5′CTGCACTGAATGGAC 3′(SEQ ID NO:10)。
PCR循环参数为:初始退火步骤为95℃10分钟,接着95℃15秒,循环45次,然后60℃1分钟。每只公鸡至少测试两次,如果获得的minTol2CT值低于36,便归为阳性。对照基因组区域的CT值低于32用于表明被测样品中含有足量DNA。
本领域技术人员可以理解,在不背离当前公开的宽泛的总体范围时,可对上述实施方案进行多种变化和/或修改。因此,当前实施方案在各方面应被认为是例示性的而非限制性的。
所有本文讨论和/或引用的出版物均以其整体并入本文。
本申请主张于2012年4月20日提交的US 61/636,331、2013年3月14日提交的US61/783,823以及2013年4月12日提交的AU 2013204327的优先权,上述各申请的全部内容均通过引用并入本文。
对本说明书中包括的文献、行为、材料、装置、文章等的任意讨论其目的仅在于为本发明提供背景。不应理解为承认这些事项的任意或全部构成了现有技术的基础,或者是本发明于本申请每项权利要求的优先权日之前所处的相关领域中的公知常识。
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序列表
<110> 联邦科学技术研究组织
安伟捷公司
<120> 细胞转染方法
<130> 513415
<150> US 61/636,331
<151> 2012-04-20
<150> US 61/783,823
<151> 2013-03-14
<150> AU 2013204327
<151> 2013-04-12
<160> 10
<170> PatentIn version 3.5
<210> 1
<211> 4090
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> EGFP expression construct flanked by Tol2 sequences
<400> 1
cagaggtgta aagtacttga gtaattttac ttgattactg tacttaagta ttatttttgg 60
ggatttttac tttacttgag tacaattaaa aatcaatact tttactttta cttaattaca 120
tttttttaga aaaaaaagta ctttttactc cttacaattt tatttacagt caaaaagtac 180
ttattttttg gagatcactt cattctattt tcccttgcta ttaccaaacc aattgaattg 240
cgctgatgcc cagtttaatt taaatgttat ttattctgcc tatgaaaatc gttttcacat 300
tatatgaaat tggtcagaca tgttcattgg tcctttggaa gtgacgtcat gtcacatcta 360
ttaccacaat gcacagcacc ttgacctgga aattagggaa attataacag tcaatcagtg 420
gaagaaaatg gaggaagtat gtgattcatc agcagctgcg agcagcacag tccaaaatca 480
gccacaggat caagagcacc cgtggccgta tcttcgcaga tcgacattga ttattgacta 540
gttattaata gtaatcaatt acggggtcat tagttcatag cccatatatg gagttccgcg 600
ttacataact tacggtaaat ggcccgcctg gctgaccgcc caacgacccc cgcccattga 660
cgtcaataat gacgtatgtt cccatagtaa cgccaatagg gactttccat tgacgtcaat 720
gggtggagta tttacggtaa actgcccact tggcagtaca tcaagtgtat catatgccaa 780
gtacgccccc tattgacgtc aatgacggta aatggcccgc ctggcattat gcccagtaca 840
tgaccttatg ggactttcct acttggcagt acatctacgt attagtcatc gctattacca 900
tgggtcgagg tgagccccac gttctgcttc actctcccca tctccccccc ctccccaccc 960
ccaattttgt atttatttat tttttaatta ttttgtgcag cgatgggggc gggggggggg 1020
ggggcgcgcg ccaggcgggg cggggcgggg cgaggggcgg ggcggggcga ggcggagagg 1080
tgcggcggca gccaatcaga gcggcgcgct ccgaaagttt ccttttatgg cgaggcggcg 1140
gcggcggcgg ccctataaaa agcgaagcgc gcggcgggcg ggagtcgctg cgttgccttc 1200
gccccgtgcc ccgctccgcg ccgcctcgcg ccgcccgccc cggctctgac tgaccgcgtt 1260
actcccacag gtgagcgggc gggacggccc ttctcctccg ggctgtaatt agcgcttggt 1320
ttaatgacgg ctcgtttctt ttctgtggct gcgtgaaagc cttaaagggc tccgggaggg 1380
ccctttgtgc gggggggagc ggctcggggg gtgcgtgcgt gtgtgtgtgc gtggggagcg 1440
ccgcgtgcgg cccgcgctgc ccggcggctg tgagcgctgc gggcgcggcg cggggctttg 1500
tgcgctccgc gtgtgcgcga ggggagcgcg gccgggggcg gtgccccgcg gtgcgggggg 1560
gctgcgaggg gaacaaaggc tgcgtgcggg gtgtgtgcgt gggggggtga gcagggggtg 1620
tgggcgcggc ggtcgggctg taaccccccc ctgcaccccc ctccccgagt tgctgagcac 1680
ggcccggctt cgggtgcggg gctccgtgcg gggcgtggcg cggggctcgc cgtgccgggc 1740
ggggggtggc ggcaggtggg ggtgccgggc ggggcggggc cgcctcgggc cggggagggc 1800
tcgggggagg ggcgcggcgg ccccggagcg ccggcggctg tcgaggcgcg gcgagccgca 1860
gccattgcct tttatggtaa tcgtgcgaga gggcgcaggg acttcctttg tcccaaatct 1920
ggcggagccg aaatctggga ggcgccgccg caccccctct agcgggcgcg gggcgaagcg 1980
gtgcggcgcc ggcaggaagg aaatgggcgg ggagggcctt cgtgcgtcgc cgcgccgccg 2040
tccccttctc cctctccagc ctcggggctg tccgcggggg gacggctgcc ttcggggggg 2100
acggggcagg gcggggttcg gcttctggcg tgtgaccggc ggctctagag cctctgctaa 2160
ccatgttcat gccttcttct ttttcctaca gctcctgggc aacgtgctgg ttattgtgct 2220
gtctcatcat tttggcaaag aattgtacca ccatggtgag caagggcgag gagctgttca 2280
ccggggtggt gcccatcctg gtcgagctgg acggcgacgt aaacggccac aagttcagcg 2340
tgtccggcga gggcgagggc gatgccacct acggcaagct gaccctgaag ttcatctgca 2400
ccaccggcaa gctgcccgtg ccctggccca cactagtgac caccttcgct tacggcgtgc 2460
agtgcttcag ccgctacccc gaccacatga agcagcacga cttcttcaag tccgccatgc 2520
ccgaaggcta cgtccaggag cgcaccatct tcttcaagga cgacggcaac tacaagaccc 2580
gcgccgaggt gaagttcgag ggcgacaccc tggtgaaccg catcgagctg aagggcatcg 2640
acttcaagga ggacggcaac atcctggggc acaagctgga gtacaacttc aacagccaca 2700
acgtatacat catggccgac aagcagaaga acggcatcaa ggtgaacttc aagatccgcc 2760
acaacatcga ggacggcagc gtgcagctcg ccgaccacta ccagcagaac acccccatcg 2820
gcgacggccc cgtgctgctg cccgacaacc actacctgag cacccagtcc gccctgagca 2880
aagaccccaa cgagaagcgc gatcacatgg tcctgctgga gttcgtgacc gccgccggga 2940
tcactcacgg catggacgag ctgtacaagt agggcggctc gaggatatca ggatcaattc 3000
actcctcagg tgcaggctgc ctatcagaag gtggtggctg gtgtggccaa tgccctggct 3060
cacaaatacc actgagatct ttttccctct gccaaaaatt atggggacat catgaagccc 3120
cttgagcatc tgacttctgg ctaataaagg aaatttattt tcattgcaat agtgtgttgg 3180
aattttttgt gtctctcact cggaaggaca tatgggaggg caaatcattt aaaacatcag 3240
aatgagtatt tggtttagag tttggcaaca tatgcccata tgctggctgc catgaacaaa 3300
ggttggctat aaagaggtca tcagtatatg aaacagcccc ctgctgtcca ttccttattc 3360
catagaaaag ccttgacttg aggttagatt ttttttatat tttgttttgt gttatttttt 3420
tctttaacat ccctaaaatt ttccttacat gttttactag ccagattttt cctcctctcc 3480
tgactactcc cagtcatagc tgtccctctt ctcttatgga gatccctcga cctgcagccc 3540
aagctcgagg gcccatctgg cctgtgtttc agacaccagg gagtctctgc tcacgtttcc 3600
tgctatttgc agcctctcta tcaagactaa tacacctctt cccgcatcgg ctgcctgtga 3660
gaggcttttc agcactgcag gattgctttt cagccccaaa agagctaggc ttgacactaa 3720
caattttgag aatcagcttc tactgaagtt aaatctgagg ttttacaact ttgagtagcg 3780
tgtactggca ttagattgtc tgtcttatag tttgataatt aaatacaaac agttctaaag 3840
caggataaaa ccttgtatgc atttcattta atgttttttg agattaaaag cttaaacaag 3900
aatctctagt tttctttctt gcttttactt ttacttcctt aatactcaag tacaatttta 3960
atggagtact tttttacttt tactcaagta agattctagc cagatacttt tacttttaat 4020
tgagtaaaat tttccctaag tacttgtact ttcacttgag taaaattttt gagtactttt 4080
tacacctctg 4090
<210> 2
<211> 706
<212> PRT
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> Sequence encoding Tol2 transposase
<400> 2
Met Phe Met Pro Ser Ser Phe Ser Tyr Ser Ser Trp Ala Thr Cys Trp
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Leu Leu Cys Cys Leu Ile Ile Leu Ala Lys Asn Ser Ser Arg Ser Ser
20 25 30
His Ile Tyr Tyr His Asn Ala Gln His Leu Asp Leu Glu Ile Arg Glu
35 40 45
Ile Ile Thr Val Asn Gln Trp Lys Lys Met Glu Glu Val Cys Asp Ser
50 55 60
Ser Ala Ala Ala Ser Ser Thr Val Gln Asn Gln Pro Gln Asp Gln Glu
65 70 75 80
His Pro Trp Pro Tyr Leu Arg Glu Phe Phe Ser Leu Ser Gly Val Asn
85 90 95
Lys Asp Ser Phe Lys Met Lys Cys Val Leu Cys Leu Pro Leu Asn Lys
100 105 110
Glu Ile Ser Ala Phe Lys Ser Ser Pro Ser Asn Leu Arg Lys His Ile
115 120 125
Glu Arg Met His Pro Asn Tyr Leu Lys Asn Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Ala
130 135 140
Gln Lys Arg Lys Ile Gly Thr Ser Thr His Ala Ser Ser Ser Lys Gln
145 150 155 160
Leu Lys Val Asp Ser Val Phe Pro Val Lys His Val Ser Pro Val Thr
165 170 175
Val Asn Lys Ala Ile Leu Arg Tyr Ile Ile Gln Gly Leu His Pro Phe
180 185 190
Ser Thr Val Asp Leu Pro Ser Phe Lys Glu Leu Ile Ser Thr Leu Gln
195 200 205
Pro Gly Ile Ser Val Ile Thr Arg Pro Thr Leu Arg Ser Lys Ile Ala
210 215 220
Glu Ala Ala Leu Ile Met Lys Gln Lys Val Thr Ala Ala Met Ser Glu
225 230 235 240
Val Glu Trp Ile Ala Thr Thr Thr Asp Cys Trp Thr Ala Arg Arg Lys
245 250 255
Ser Phe Ile Gly Val Thr Ala His Trp Ile Asn Pro Gly Ser Leu Glu
260 265 270
Arg His Ser Ala Ala Leu Ala Cys Lys Arg Leu Met Gly Ser His Thr
275 280 285
Phe Glu Val Leu Ala Ser Ala Met Asn Asp Ile His Ser Glu Tyr Glu
290 295 300
Ile Arg Asp Lys Val Val Cys Thr Thr Thr Asp Ser Gly Ser Asn Phe
305 310 315 320
Met Lys Ala Phe Arg Val Phe Gly Val Glu Asn Asn Asp Ile Glu Thr
325 330 335
Glu Ala Arg Arg Cys Glu Ser Asp Asp Thr Asp Ser Glu Gly Cys Gly
340 345 350
Glu Gly Ser Asp Gly Val Glu Phe Gln Asp Ala Ser Arg Val Leu Asp
355 360 365
Gln Asp Asp Gly Phe Glu Phe Gln Leu Pro Lys His Gln Lys Cys Ala
370 375 380
Cys His Leu Leu Asn Leu Val Ser Ser Val Asp Ala Gln Lys Ala Leu
385 390 395 400
Ser Asn Glu His Tyr Lys Lys Leu Tyr Arg Ser Val Phe Gly Lys Cys
405 410 415
Gln Ala Leu Trp Asn Lys Ser Ser Arg Ser Ala Leu Ala Ala Glu Ala
420 425 430
Val Glu Ser Glu Ser Arg Leu Gln Leu Leu Arg Pro Asn Gln Thr Arg
435 440 445
Trp Asn Ser Thr Phe Met Ala Val Asp Arg Ile Leu Gln Ile Cys Lys
450 455 460
Glu Ala Gly Glu Gly Ala Leu Arg Asn Ile Cys Thr Ser Leu Glu Val
465 470 475 480
Pro Met Phe Asn Pro Ala Glu Met Leu Phe Leu Thr Glu Trp Ala Asn
485 490 495
Thr Met Arg Pro Val Ala Lys Val Leu Asp Ile Leu Gln Ala Glu Thr
500 505 510
Asn Thr Gln Leu Gly Trp Leu Leu Pro Ser Val His Gln Leu Ser Leu
515 520 525
Lys Leu Gln Arg Leu His His Ser Leu Arg Tyr Cys Asp Pro Leu Val
530 535 540
Asp Ala Leu Gln Gln Gly Ile Gln Thr Arg Phe Lys His Met Phe Glu
545 550 555 560
Asp Pro Glu Ile Ile Ala Ala Ala Ile Leu Leu Pro Lys Phe Arg Thr
565 570 575
Ser Trp Thr Asn Asp Glu Thr Ile Ile Lys Arg Gly Met Asp Tyr Ile
580 585 590
Arg Val His Leu Glu Pro Leu Asp His Lys Lys Glu Leu Ala Asn Ser
595 600 605
Ser Ser Asp Asp Glu Asp Phe Phe Ala Ser Leu Lys Pro Thr Thr His
610 615 620
Glu Ala Ser Lys Glu Leu Asp Gly Tyr Leu Ala Cys Val Ser Asp Thr
625 630 635 640
Arg Glu Ser Leu Leu Thr Phe Pro Ala Ile Cys Ser Leu Ser Ile Lys
645 650 655
Thr Asn Thr Pro Leu Pro Ala Ser Ala Ala Cys Glu Arg Leu Phe Ser
660 665 670
Thr Ala Gly Leu Leu Phe Ser Pro Lys Arg Ala Arg Leu Asp Thr Asn
675 680 685
Asn Phe Glu Asn Gln Leu Leu Leu Lys Leu Asn Leu Arg Phe Tyr Asn
690 695 700
Phe Glu
705
<210> 3
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> Screen 7 oligonucleotide primer
<400> 3
gtgactcaga ctcctgttag 20
<210> 4
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> Screen 6 oligonucleotide primer
<400> 4
tctgctgctt cacagtcttc 20
<210> 5
<211> 33
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> miniTol2 forward oligonucleotide primer
<400> 5
cagtcaaaaa gtacttattt tttggagatc act 33
<210> 6
<211> 21
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> miniTol2 Reverse oligonucleotide primer
<400> 6
gggcatcagc gcaattcaat t 21
<210> 7
<211> 17
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> miniTol2 detection probe
<400> 7
atagcaaggg aaaatag 17
<210> 8
<211> 21
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> Genomic control region forward primer
<400> 8
gatgggaaaa ccctgaacct c 21
<210> 9
<211> 26
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> Genomic region control reverse primer
<400> 9
caacctgcta gagaagatga gaagag 26
<210> 10
<211> 15
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> Genomic control region oligonucleotide probe
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ctgcactgaa tggac 15
Claims (22)
1.产生包含基因修饰的生殖细胞的禽类的方法,所述方法包括:
(i)将包含与转染试剂混合的靶向性核酸酶或其编码多核苷酸的转染混合物注入禽类胚胎的血管中,由此所述靶向性核酸酶编辑所述禽类中的一或多个原生殖细胞的基因组,和
(ii)将所述胚胎在足以使所述胚胎发育成小鸟的温度下孵育。
2.产生包含基因修饰的生殖细胞的禽类的方法,所述方法包括:
(i)注射包含用于基因组编辑的RNA向导的转染混合物,其中在靶向性核酸酶的存在下,编辑所述禽类中的一或多个原生殖细胞的基因组,和
(ii)将所述胚胎在足以使所述胚胎发育成小鸟的温度下孵育。
3.权利要求1或2的方法,其中所述靶向性核酸酶选自CRISPR-Cas靶向性核酸酶、锌指核酸酶或TALEN。
4.权利要求3的方法,其中所述靶向性核酸酶是CRISPR-Cas。
5.权利要求1或2的方法,其中所述转染混合物被注入处于阶段13-14的禽类胚胎。
6.权利要求1或2的方法,其中所述转染试剂包含阳离子脂质。
7.权利要求6的方法,其中所述转染试剂包含选自如下的一或多种的单价阳离子脂质:DOTMA(N-[1-(2,3-二油酰氧基)丙基]-N,N,N-三甲基氯化铵)、DOTAP(1,2-双(油酰氧基)-3-3-(三甲基氨)丙烷)、DMRIE(1,2-双十四烷基氧基丙基3-二甲基-羟基乙基铵溴化物)和DDAB(二甲基双十八烷基溴化铵)。
8.权利要求6的方法,其中所述转染试剂包含选自如下的一或多种的多价阳离子脂质:DOSPA(2,3-二油基氧基-N-[2-(精胺羧酰胺)乙基]-N,N-二甲基-1-丙铵三氟醋酸盐)和DOSPER(1,3-二油酰基氧基-2-(6-羧基精胺基)丙酰胺)、TMTPS(四甲基四棕榈酰精胺)、TMTOS(四甲基四油烯基精胺)、TMTLS(四甲基四月桂基精胺)、TMTMS(四甲基四肉豆蔻基精胺)和TMDOS(四甲基二油烯基精胺)。
9.权利要求8的方法,其中所述转染试剂包含DOSPA(2,3-二油基氧基-N-[2-(精胺羧酰胺)乙基]-N,N-二甲基-1-丙铵三氟醋酸盐)。
10.权利要求1或2的方法,其中所述转染试剂进一步包含中性脂质。
11.权利要求10的方法,其中所述中性脂质包含DOPE(二油酰磷脂酰乙醇胺)、DPhPE(二植烷酰磷脂酰乙醇胺)或胆固醇。
12.权利要求11的方法,其中在转染试剂与多核苷酸混合之前,所述转染试剂包含3:1(w/w)的DOSPA和DOPE的混合物。
13.权利要求1或2的方法,其中所述注入混合物被注入蛋壳中的胚胎,所述胚胎在所述蛋壳中发育。
14.权利要求1或2的方法,其中所述禽类选自鸡、鸭、火鸡、鹅、矮脚鸡或鹌鹑。
15.权利要求1或2的方法,其中所述禽类是鸡。
16.权利要求1或2的方法,还包括
(i)允许包含基因修饰的生殖细胞的小鸟或其后代发育成包含基因修饰的生殖细胞的性成熟的禽类,和
(ii)对所述包含基因修饰的生殖细胞的性成熟的禽类进行育种以产生基因修饰的禽类后代。
17.精子,由包含基因修饰的生殖细胞的禽类产生,其中所述禽类由权利要求1-16任一项的方法产生。
18.转染试剂和靶向性核酸酶或编码靶向性核酸酶的多核苷酸在通过注入发育中的禽类胚胎的血管中产生包含基因修饰的生殖细胞的禽类中的用途,其中所述靶向性核酸酶适合于帮助异源多核苷酸整合入生殖细胞的基因组。
19.转染试剂和CRISPR系统用于在发育中的禽类胚胎的血管中进行原生殖细胞中的RNA指导的位点特异性基因组编辑的用途。
20.锌指核酸酶在向发育中的禽类胚胎的原生殖细胞引入基因修饰的用途,其中所述锌指核酸酶与转染试剂一起注入所述禽类胚胎的血管中。
21.靶向性核酸酶和包含转染试剂和异源多核苷酸的转染混合物在产生包含基因修饰的生殖细胞的禽类中的用途,其中所述转染混合物注入发育中的禽类胚胎的血管中,且所述靶向性核酸酶帮助所述异源多核苷酸整合入生殖细胞的基因组。
22.转染试剂在CRISPR系统中用于进行原生殖细胞中的RNA指导的位点特异性基因组编辑的用途,在注射入发育中的禽类胚胎的血管后,所述转染试剂增强禽类原生殖细胞摄取异源多核苷酸。
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EP3460065A1 (en) | 2019-03-27 |
AU2013248945A1 (en) | 2014-10-30 |
US10897881B2 (en) | 2021-01-26 |
ES2704155T3 (es) | 2019-03-14 |
EP2839016A1 (en) | 2015-02-25 |
WO2013155572A1 (en) | 2013-10-24 |
JP2015514404A (ja) | 2015-05-21 |
AU2013204327A1 (en) | 2013-11-07 |
CN104619848A (zh) | 2015-05-13 |
US20190261609A1 (en) | 2019-08-29 |
KR20150014446A (ko) | 2015-02-06 |
US20210112789A1 (en) | 2021-04-22 |
US11369096B2 (en) | 2022-06-28 |
EP3460065B1 (en) | 2023-08-23 |
EP2839016A4 (en) | 2015-11-25 |
ES2963732T3 (es) | 2024-04-01 |
US20150072064A1 (en) | 2015-03-12 |
EP2839016B1 (en) | 2018-10-03 |
AU2013204327B2 (en) | 2016-09-01 |
JP6531239B2 (ja) | 2019-06-19 |
BR112014026186A2 (pt) | 2017-07-18 |
US20230189769A1 (en) | 2023-06-22 |
BR112014026186B8 (pt) | 2023-01-31 |
KR102076784B1 (ko) | 2020-02-12 |
CN104619848B (zh) | 2020-12-15 |
BR112014026186B1 (pt) | 2022-02-01 |
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