CN112616676A - Dendrobium officinale tissue culture planting method - Google Patents
Dendrobium officinale tissue culture planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112616676A CN112616676A CN202110034926.2A CN202110034926A CN112616676A CN 112616676 A CN112616676 A CN 112616676A CN 202110034926 A CN202110034926 A CN 202110034926A CN 112616676 A CN112616676 A CN 112616676A
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- 241001076416 Dendrobium tosaense Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 241001523681 Dendrobium Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001453636 Salvinia Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000028446 budding cell bud growth Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000003642 hunger Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000233855 Orchidaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
- A01H4/008—Methods for regeneration to complete plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a dendrobium officinale tissue culture planting method, which comprises the following steps: hardening seedlings, sprouting, preparing a substrate, selecting a cultivation field, transplanting a method, managing temperature, fertilizer and water and managing humidity. The tissue culture planting method for the dendrobium officinale has high success rate of planting the dendrobium officinale, can realize batch industrial production, and meets the requirements of current social development.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of dendrobium officinale planting, in particular to a dendrobium officinale tissue culture planting method.
Background
Dendrobium officinale is an orchid family herbaceous plant. The stem is upright, cylindrical, 9-35 cm long, 2-4 mm thick, no branch, multiple segments, 1-3-1.7 cm long internode, and 3-5 leaves often grown above the middle; the second row of leaves is made of paper, the long round shape is in a needle shape, the length is 3-4 (-7) cm, the width is 9-11 (-15) mm, the tip is blunt and is slightly hooked, the lower part of the base part is a sheath for embracing the stem, and the edge and the middle rib are always purplish; the leaf sheath is usually purple-spotted, and when old, the upper edge of the leaf sheath loosens and opens away from the stem, and 1 annular iron blue gap is left between the leaf sheath and the node.
In order to protect the endangered rare traditional Chinese medicine, researchers at home and abroad develop tissue culture rapid propagation, seed germination and mycorrhizal propagation research of the dendrobium officinale. However, the existing research content is generally limited to the optimization and improvement of part of links of rapid propagation, and the requirements of different production requirements in the industrial application process are difficult to meet
The invention provides a dendrobium officinale tissue culture planting method which can be used for planting dendrobium officinale in batches.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dendrobium officinale tissue culture planting method, which solves the technical defects.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a tissue culture planting method of Dendrobium officinale comprises the following steps:
s1: before transplanting, hardening off the seedlings in a seedling hardening room for 2-3 weeks, enabling the seedlings to transit from a closed stable environment to an open changing environment, slowly adapting to a natural environment, and when the seedlings grow strongly and have normal leaf color and root length of more than 3cm, fleshy stems have 3-4 internodes and 4-5 leaves, normal leaf color and root length of more than 3cm, 4-5 roots, white and green root bark, no black roots, no deformity and no variation;
s2: cleaning a culture medium of a normal tissue culture seedling in tap water, particularly washing off agar to prevent the agar from mildewing to cause root rot, then changing the tap water for cleaning once, placing the root of a seedling into 100mg/L ABT rooting powder for soaking for 15 minutes to perform rooting induction after a bare root or few-root tissue culture seedling is cleaned, opening a bottle plug to gently take out the culture medium and the seedling when the tissue culture seedling is taken out of a bottle, placing the seedling in a pot to be cleaned in order, respectively placing a polluted seedling, a bare root seedling or a few-root seedling, cleaning the polluted seedling, soaking the whole seedling with 1000-time carbendazim for 10 minutes, and effectively controlling the occurrence of pollution in later-stage management;
s3: the roots of the dendrobium officinale are aerial roots and have obvious aerobic property and shallow root property, so that the matrix is suitable for people who have good drainage, are loose and breathable, do not have germs or hidden pests and are not easy to mildew, so that the suitable matrix is selected for transplanting the dendrobium officinale tissue culture seedlings, and water moss, wood shavings, fern roots, limestone, broken bricks, barks, plate edges, mushroom bran, sawdust and the like can be selected as the transplanting matrix;
s4: the condition is created in the transplanting process, the best growth environment is created for the dendrobium officinale, the dendrobium officinale is warm, foggy, breezy, clean and scattered light environment, direct sunlight and solarization are avoided, transplanting in a greenhouse is selected, and transplanting is performed in an overhead ridge, so that the best environment requirement for the growth of the dendrobium officinale is easily met, a plurality of natural factors are easy to control, and according to the growth habit of the dendrobium officinale, the natural factors of illumination, humidity, ventilation, temperature and the like of the field are considered, and the following three conditions are met when the seedling raising greenhouse is built:
(1) spreading a substrate with the thickness of 5-8 cm on the planting bed, flattening, and spraying 0.3% of potassium permanganate or 1000 times of carbendazim liquid medicine on the substrate for disinfection before transplanting;
(2) the method is characterized in that a spray head capable of spraying at any time is arranged above a planting bed, the spray starving time can be controlled at best without any condition, the spray head can also be replaced by a sprayer, the purpose of building the elevated planting bed is to enable the water content and the air permeability to be controlled easily, so that the optimal water content is provided for the growth of tissue culture seedlings, the ventilation and the air permeability are ensured, meanwhile, the fertilizer spraying and the pesticide spraying are carried out, the transplanting survival rate is high, the labor force can be greatly saved during large-area transplanting, the elevated planting bed with an overhead bed bottom is built in a shed, materials such as angle steel, bricks, wood bars or square bars can be used as a frame of the planting bed, then a plastic flat plate with the aperture of 0.3-0.5 cm is laid as a supporting surface of a cultivation medium, the width of the bed is required to be 1-1.2 m, the length of the bed can;
(3) the seedling raising greenhouse needs to be electrified, water is filled and communicated, the width of the greenhouse is required to be 6m, the length of the greenhouse is required to be 30m, the shoulder height of the greenhouse is required to be more than 107m, the ceiling height is required to be more than 2.8m, the ceiling is covered with a plastic non-drop film and a shading net with 70% shading degree, a tap water pipe is installed in the greenhouse, 40-mesh insect-proof nets are installed around and at the inlet of the greenhouse, and an automatic or manual control spraying system (preferably, not only spraying, but also spraying fertilizer and spraying medicine) is required to be installed in the greenhouse for conditioning, so that the greenhouse can prevent sun, rain, insects, heat, preserve moisture and ventilate;
s5: carefully taking out the tissue culture seedlings by using tweezers, washing off a culture medium, transplanting the tissue culture seedlings onto a planting bed, digging small holes with the depth of 2-3 cm in a matrix by using fingers during transplanting, gently putting the roots of the dendrobium into the small holes, paying attention to avoid breaking the fleshy roots of the dendrobium, covering the holes with the matrix, and preferably separating bare-rooted seedlings or few-rooted seedlings for management. The transplanting density is 500 plants/m 2, and the row spacing of the plants is 4cm multiplied by 5 cm;
s6: the tissue culture seedling of the dendrobium officinale for artificial transplantation meets the requirements of being warm in winter and cool in summer, the suitable growth temperature of the tissue culture seedling is 20-30 ℃, when the temperature in summer is high, ventilation and heat dissipation are needed in a greenhouse, the temperature and moisture are reduced by spraying for 3-5 times every day, and the spraying is carried out for 2-5 minutes each time; when the temperature is low in winter, the periphery of the greenhouse is sealed well to prevent the tissue culture seedlings from being frozen;
s7: the fertilizer application during greenhouse transplanting is mainly carried out by using a foliar fertilizer, wherein the foliar fertilizer can be selected from potassium nitrate, monopotassium phosphate, humic acids and the like, as well as imported ternary compound fertilizers, diluted MS culture mediums and the like, and the dendrobium is aerial roots, so that a proper foliar fertilizer is sprayed to serve as a nutrient solution to supply sufficient nutrients to plants and facilitate early rooting and bud growth. One week after transplanting, one thousandth of potassium nitrate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed after new roots of plants occur, the spraying is carried out once every 7-10 days and 3 times continuously, 3 thousandth of ternary compound fertilizer is sprayed every 10-15 days after new buds grow out, the watering is stopped in two days after fertilization in general, and if the air convection is too large, water is properly sprayed according to the dry humidity of the matrix for supplementing water;
s8: the air humidity is preferably kept at about 90% within one week after transplanting (the seedlings do not have new roots), the plants begin to have new roots after one week, the air humidity can be kept at 70% -80%, dry-wet crossing potential of the planting beds is favorable for rooting and sprouting, the tissue culture seedlings which are just transplanted are sensitive to water, the growth is dry and slow in case of water shortage, the survival rate is low, the waterlogging and root rot are caused when too much spraying is carried out, and the soft rot is easily caused to occur in a large scale when the temperature is high and the humidity is high.
According to the dendrobium officinale tissue culture planting method, the best transplanting season is that when the daily average temperature is 15-30 ℃, the dendrobium officinale is not suitable to be transplanted out of bottles even if the temperature is too low or too high, the dendrobium officinale can be cultivated in the main production area except for the coldest 1-2 months and the hottest 7-8 months, and the dendrobium officinale can be cultivated in part of high-altitude areas except 12 months to the next 3 months.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the tissue culture planting method of the dendrobium officinale can solve the problem of low survival rate in the planting process of the dendrobium officinale, the yield of the dendrobium officinale is improved, and the demand of industrial production can be met by planting the dendrobium officinale according to the method.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present patent will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments.
A tissue culture planting method of Dendrobium officinale comprises the following steps:
s1: before transplanting, hardening off the seedlings in a seedling hardening room for 2-3 weeks, enabling the seedlings to transit from a closed stable environment to an open changing environment, slowly adapting to a natural environment, and when the seedlings grow strongly and have normal leaf color and root length of more than 3cm, fleshy stems have 3-4 internodes and 4-5 leaves, normal leaf color and root length of more than 3cm, 4-5 roots, white and green root bark, no black roots, no deformity and no variation;
s2: cleaning a culture medium of normal tissue culture seedlings in tap water, particularly washing off agar to prevent the agar from mildewing to cause root rot, then changing the tap water for cleaning once, putting the roots of the seedlings into 100mg/L ABT rooting powder for soaking for 15 minutes to perform rooting induction after the tissue culture seedlings with bare roots or few roots are cleaned, opening a bottle plug to slightly take out the culture medium and the seedlings together when the tissue culture seedlings are taken out of a bottle, and putting the seedlings in a pot in order to be cleaned, wherein the contaminated seedlings, the bare-rooted seedlings or the few-rooted seedlings are respectively placed. After the polluted seedlings are cleaned, the whole seedlings are soaked in 1000 times of carbendazim for 10 minutes, and the later management is proper, so that the pollution can be effectively controlled;
s3: the roots of the dendrobium officinale are aerial roots and have obvious aerobic property and shallow root property, so that the matrix is suitable for people who have good drainage, are loose and breathable, do not have germs or hidden pests and are not easy to mildew, so that the suitable matrix is selected for transplanting the dendrobium officinale tissue culture seedlings, and water moss, wood shavings, fern roots, limestone, broken bricks, barks, plate edges, mushroom bran, sawdust and the like can be selected as the transplanting matrix;
s4: the condition is created in the transplanting process, the best growth environment is created for the dendrobium officinale, the dendrobium officinale is warm, foggy, breezy, clean and scattered light environment, direct sunlight and solarization are avoided, transplanting in a greenhouse is selected, and transplanting is performed in an overhead ridge, so that the best environment requirement for the growth of the dendrobium officinale is easily met, a plurality of natural factors are easy to control, and according to the growth habit of the dendrobium officinale, the natural factors of illumination, humidity, ventilation, temperature and the like of the field are considered, and the following three conditions are met when the seedling raising greenhouse is built:
(1) spreading a substrate with the thickness of 5-8 cm on the planting bed, flattening, and spraying 0.3% of potassium permanganate or 1000 times of carbendazim liquid medicine on the substrate for disinfection before transplanting;
(2) the method is characterized in that a spray head capable of spraying at any time is arranged above a planting bed, the spray starving time can be controlled at best without any condition, the spray head can also be replaced by a sprayer, the purpose of building the elevated planting bed is to enable the water content and the air permeability to be controlled easily, so that the optimal water content is provided for the growth of tissue culture seedlings, the ventilation and the air permeability are ensured, meanwhile, the fertilizer spraying and the pesticide spraying are carried out, the transplanting survival rate is high, the labor force can be greatly saved during large-area transplanting, the elevated planting bed with an overhead bed bottom is built in a shed, materials such as angle steel, bricks, wood bars or square bars can be used as a frame of the planting bed, then a plastic flat plate with the aperture of 0.3-0.5 cm is laid as a supporting surface of a cultivation medium, the width of the bed is required to be 1-1.2 m, the length of the bed can;
(3) the seedling raising greenhouse needs to be electrified, water is filled and communicated, the width of the greenhouse is required to be 6m, the length of the greenhouse is required to be 30m, the shoulder height of the greenhouse is required to be more than 107m, the ceiling height is required to be more than 2.8m, the ceiling is covered with a plastic non-drop film and a shading net with 70% shading degree, a tap water pipe is installed in the greenhouse, 40-mesh insect-proof nets are installed around and at the inlet of the greenhouse, and an automatic or manual control spraying system (preferably, not only spraying, but also spraying fertilizer and spraying medicine) is required to be installed in the greenhouse for conditioning, so that the greenhouse can prevent sun, rain, insects, heat, preserve moisture and ventilate;
s5: carefully taking out the tissue culture seedlings by using tweezers, washing off a culture medium, transplanting the tissue culture seedlings onto a planting bed, digging small holes 2-3 cm deep in the matrix by using fingers during transplanting, gently putting the roots of the dendrobium into the small holes, paying attention to avoid breaking the fleshy roots of the dendrobium, covering the holes with the matrix, preferably separating naked-root seedlings or few-root seedlings for convenient management, wherein the transplanting density is 500 plants/m 2, and the row spacing is 4cm multiplied by 5 cm;
s6: the tissue culture seedling of the dendrobium officinale for artificial transplantation meets the requirements of being warm in winter and cool in summer, the suitable growth temperature of the tissue culture seedling is 20-30 ℃, when the temperature in summer is high, ventilation and heat dissipation are needed in a greenhouse, the temperature and moisture are reduced by spraying for 3-5 times every day, and the spraying is carried out for 2-5 minutes each time; when the temperature is low in winter, the periphery of the greenhouse is sealed well to prevent the tissue culture seedlings from being frozen;
s7: the fertilizer application during greenhouse transplanting is mainly carried out by using a foliar fertilizer, wherein the foliar fertilizer can select potassium nitrate, monopotassium phosphate, humic acid and the like, as well as imported ternary compound fertilizers, diluted MS culture media and the like, dendrobium is used as aerial roots, so that a proper foliar fertilizer is sprayed as a nutrient solution to supply sufficient nutrients to plants, the plants are favorable for early rooting and bud growth, one-thousandth of potassium nitrate or monopotassium phosphate is sprayed after new roots of the plants grow in one week after general transplanting, the spraying is carried out for 3 times continuously after 7-10 days, 3 thousandth of ternary compound fertilizers are sprayed every 10-15 days after the new buds grow out, watering is stopped in two days after the fertilizer application in general, and water is properly sprayed according to the dry humidity of a substrate if air convection is too large;
s8: the air humidity is preferably kept at about 90% within one week after transplanting (the seedlings do not grow new roots), the plants start to grow new roots after one week, the air humidity can be kept at 70% -80%, dry-wet crossing potential of the planting beds is favorable for rooting and sprouting, the tissue culture seedlings which are just transplanted are sensitive to water, and the seedlings grow dry and slow and have low survival rate due to water shortage. And the excessive spraying can cause the root rot of waterlogging, and the large-scale occurrence of soft rot is also easily caused when the temperature is high and the humidity is high.
According to the dendrobium officinale tissue culture planting method, the best transplanting season is that when the daily average temperature is 15-30 ℃, the dendrobium officinale is not suitable to be transplanted out of bottles even if the temperature is too low or too high, the dendrobium officinale can be cultivated in the main production area except for the coldest 1-2 months and the hottest 7-8 months, and the dendrobium officinale can be cultivated in part of high-altitude areas except 12 months to the next 3 months.
The tissue culture planting method for the dendrobium officinale effectively improves the yield of industrial production of the dendrobium officinale, meets the demand of current social development, and has high survival rate and good planting effect.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present patent have been described in detail, the present patent is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present patent within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Claims (2)
1. A dendrobium officinale tissue culture planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: before transplanting, hardening off the seedlings in a seedling hardening room for 2-3 weeks, enabling the seedlings to transit from a closed stable environment to an open changing environment, slowly adapting to a natural environment, and when the seedlings grow strongly and have normal leaf color and root length of more than 3cm, fleshy stems have 3-4 internodes and 4-5 leaves, normal leaf color and root length of more than 3cm, 4-5 roots, white and green root bark, no black roots, no deformity and no variation;
s2: cleaning a culture medium of a normal tissue culture seedling in tap water, particularly washing off agar to prevent the agar from mildewing to cause root rot, then changing the tap water for cleaning once, placing the root of a seedling into 100mg/L ABT rooting powder for soaking for 15 minutes to perform rooting induction after a bare root or few-root tissue culture seedling is cleaned, opening a bottle plug to gently take out the culture medium and the seedling when the tissue culture seedling is taken out of a bottle, placing the seedling in a pot in order to be cleaned, respectively placing a polluted seedling, a bare root seedling or a few-root seedling, cleaning the polluted seedling, and soaking the whole seedling with 1000-time carbendazim for 10 minutes; the pollution can be effectively controlled when the post-management is proper;
s3: the roots of the dendrobium officinale are aerial roots and have obvious aerobic property and shallow root property, so that the matrix is required to be suitable for people with good drainage, looseness, ventilation, no pathogenic bacteria, hidden pests and difficulty in mildewing; therefore, the appropriate substrate is selected for transplanting the dendrobium officinale tissue culture seedlings, and water moss, wood shavings, fern roots, limestone, broken bricks, barks, plate edges, mushroom bran, sawdust and the like can be selected as the transplanting substrate;
s4: creating conditions in the transplanting process, and creating an optimal growth environment for the dendrobium officinale; the dendrobium officinale is warm-loving, foggy, breezy, clean and light-scattering environment, is not directly irradiated by sunlight and solarized, is selected to be transplanted in a greenhouse and is transplanted in an elevated bed, so that the optimal environmental requirement for the growth of the dendrobium officinale is easily met, a plurality of natural factors are easy to control, and the natural factors such as illumination, humidity, ventilation, temperature and the like of a field are considered according to the growth habit of the dendrobium officinale; the following three conditions are required to be met when the seedling raising greenhouse is built:
(1) spreading a substrate with the thickness of 5-8 cm on the planting bed, flattening, and spraying 0.3% of potassium permanganate or 1000 times of carbendazim liquid medicine on the substrate for disinfection before transplanting;
(2) the method is characterized in that a spray head capable of spraying at any time is arranged above a planting bed, the spray starving time can be controlled at best without any condition, the spray head can also be replaced by a sprayer, the purpose of building the elevated planting bed is to enable the water content and the air permeability to be controlled easily, so that the optimal water content is provided for the growth of tissue culture seedlings, the ventilation and the air permeability are ensured, meanwhile, the fertilizer spraying and the pesticide spraying are carried out, the transplanting survival rate is high, the labor force can be greatly saved during large-area transplanting, the elevated planting bed with an overhead bed bottom is built in a shed, materials such as angle steel, bricks, wood bars or square bars can be used as a frame of the planting bed, then a plastic flat plate with the aperture of 0.3-0.5 cm is laid as a supporting surface of a cultivation medium, the width of the bed is required to be 1-1.2 m, the length of the bed can;
(3) the seedling raising greenhouse needs to be electrified, water is filled and communicated, the width of the greenhouse is required to be 6m, the length of the greenhouse is required to be 30m, the shoulder height of the greenhouse is required to be more than 107m, the ceiling height is required to be more than 2.8m, the ceiling is covered with a plastic non-drop film and a shading net with 70% shading degree, a tap water pipe is installed in the greenhouse, 40-mesh insect-proof nets are installed around and at the inlet of the greenhouse, and an automatic or manual control spraying system (preferably, not only spraying, but also spraying fertilizer and spraying medicine) is required to be installed in the greenhouse for conditioning, so that the greenhouse can prevent sun, rain, insects, heat, preserve moisture and ventilate;
s5: carefully taking out the tissue culture seedlings by using tweezers, washing off a culture medium, transplanting the tissue culture seedlings onto a planting bed, digging small holes 2-3 cm deep in the matrix by using fingers during transplanting, gently putting the roots of the dendrobium into the small holes, paying attention to avoid breaking the fleshy roots of the dendrobium, covering the holes with the matrix, preferably separating naked-root seedlings or few-root seedlings for convenient management, wherein the transplanting density is 500 plants/m 2, and the row spacing is 4cm multiplied by 5 cm;
s6: the tissue culture seedling of the dendrobium officinale for artificial transplantation meets the requirements of being warm in winter and cool in summer, the suitable growth temperature of the tissue culture seedling is 20-30 ℃, when the temperature in summer is high, ventilation and heat dissipation are needed in a greenhouse, the temperature and moisture are reduced by spraying for 3-5 times every day, and the spraying is carried out for 2-5 minutes each time; when the temperature is low in winter, the periphery of the greenhouse is sealed well to prevent the tissue culture seedlings from being frozen;
s7: the fertilizer application during greenhouse transplanting is mainly carried out by using a foliar fertilizer, wherein the foliar fertilizer can be selected from potassium nitrate, monopotassium phosphate, humic acids and the like, as well as imported ternary compound fertilizers, diluted MS culture media and the like, and dendrobium is aerial roots, so that a proper foliar fertilizer is sprayed as a nutrient solution to supply sufficient nutrients to plants and facilitate the early rooting and bud growth, one-thousandth of potassium nitrate or monopotassium phosphate is sprayed after new roots of the plants grow in one week after the plants are transplanted generally, the spraying is carried out once in 7-10 days for 3 times continuously, and 3 thousandth of ternary compound fertilizers are sprayed every 10-15 days after the new buds grow out; in general, the watering is stopped two days after fertilization;
if the air convection is too large, properly spraying water according to the dry humidity of the substrate;
s8: the air humidity is kept to be about 90% within one week after transplanting (the seedlings do not grow new roots), the plants start to grow new roots after one week, the air humidity can be kept to be 70% -80%, dry-wet crossing potential of the planting beds is beneficial to rooting and sprouting, the tissue culture seedlings which are just transplanted are sensitive to water, and the seedlings grow dry and slow and have low survival rate due to water shortage; and the excessive spraying can cause the root rot of waterlogging, and the large-scale occurrence of soft rot is also easily caused when the temperature is high and the humidity is high.
2. The tissue culture planting method of dendrobium officinale according to claim 1, wherein the best transplanting season is that when the daily average temperature is 15-30 ℃, the transplanting is not suitable for bottle-out at too low or too high temperature, the dendrobium officinale can be planted in the main production area except for the coldest 1-2 months and the hottest 7-8 months, and the dendrobium officinale can be planted in some high-altitude areas except for 12 months to 3 months in the next year.
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