CN112501718B - 一种Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维的制备方法及其产品与应用 - Google Patents
一种Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维的制备方法及其产品与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维的制备方法,包括以下步骤:a、称取0.245~1.225份硝酸铋、0.11925~0.59625份硝酸钙和0.147~0.735份硝酸钴依次溶解于DMF与冰醋酸的混合溶液,最后加入1.35~6.75份PVP;b、将混合溶液放在磁力搅拌器上搅拌,直至溶液成透明状,获得静电纺丝液;c、将得到的静电纺丝液通过静电纺丝法制备Bi2Ca2Co2Oy前驱体纤维;d、放入烘箱中进行烘干;e、在700~900℃烧结,得到Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维。本发明还公开了一种晶粒Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维及其在超级电容器电极材料中的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纳米纤维领域,具体为一种Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维的制备方法及其产品与应用。
背景技术
近年来,随着经济的高速发展,对能源的需求日益增加,但随着石油资源的消耗,环境恶化和能源短缺成为目前最大的问题,因此寻找清洁的新能源成为急需解决的问题。超电容器近年来作为一种新型储能装置,其具有能量密度高,功率密度高,充电速度快,低温性能好,使用寿命长,免维护,环境友善。因此,寻找作为超级电容器的新型电极材料,是该领域研究的重点。
具有层状结构的Bi2Ca2Co2Oy是Bi2Ca2O4(CaO-BiO-BiO-CaO)和CdI2型八面体结构的CoO2沿c轴交替堆垛而成。Bi2Ca2Co2Oy现有的制备方法有溶胶凝胶法、固相烧结法等,但目前这些方法制备出来的Bi2Ca2Co2Oy粉体材料只是被作为一种热电材料对其进行了研究,而尚未发现将其作为一种电极材料的报道。
发明内容
发明目的:为了克服现有技术中存在的不足,本发明的目的是提供一种简单方便、节能环保的Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维的制备方法,本发明的另一目的是提供一种晶粒尺寸小、超电性能好的Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维,本发明的再一目的是提供一种Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维在超级电容器电极材料中的应用。
技术方案:本发明所述的一种Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
a、称取0.245~1.225份硝酸铋、0.11925~0.59625份硝酸钙和0.147~0.735份硝酸钴依次溶解于DMF(N,N二甲基甲酰胺)与冰醋酸的混合溶液,最后加入1.35~6.75份PVP(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮),硝酸铋、硝酸钙、硝酸钴的化学计量比为2:2:2;
b、将混合溶液放在磁力搅拌器上搅拌,直至溶液成透明状,获得静电纺丝液;
c、将得到的静电纺丝液通过静电纺丝法制备Bi2Ca2Co2Oy前驱体纤维;
d、将获得的Bi2Ca2Co2Oy前驱体纤维放入烘箱中进行烘干;
e、在700~900℃烧结,得到Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维。
步骤a中,,DMF与冰醋酸的体积比为5~25:2.5~7.5。
步骤b中,搅拌速度为80~120rpm,搅拌时间为6~12h。
步骤c中,静电纺丝电压为15~20kV,溶液注射速度为0.2~0.6ml h-1。静电纺丝机的收丝滚筒转速50~200r/min,接收距离为10~20cm。静电纺丝的温度为10~30℃。
步骤d中,烘干温度为70~100℃,烘干时间为12~24h。
步骤e中,升温速率为1~5℃/min,升高到700~900℃时保温2~6h,降温速率为1~5℃/min。
上述Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维的制备方法所制得的Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维,晶粒尺寸为60~250nm。
上述Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维能够在超级电容器电极材料中应用,Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维制备成超级电容器电极后,具有比容量可达72.2F/g。
有益效果:本发明和现有技术相比,具有如下显著性特点:所制得的Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维晶粒尺寸小;用静电纺丝法制备的Bi2Ca2Co2Oy所需的升温速率快于现有的溶胶凝胶法,在相同温度和相同保温时间下,用静电纺丝法制备的Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维烧结时间更少;所制得的Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维能够用于超级电容器电极材料,超电性能好,拓展了Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维材料的新应用。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1的Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维的XRD图;
图2是本发明实施例1的Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维的SEM图;
图3是本发明实施例1的Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维的循环伏安图;
图4是本发明实施例1的Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维的充放电图;
图5是对比例的Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维的充放电图。
具体实施方式
以下各实施例中,DMF的纯度为99%,五水合硝酸铋的纯度为99%,四水合硝酸钙的纯度为99%,六水合硝酸钴的纯度为99%,PVP的平均分子量为1300000。
实施例1
一种Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将10ml的DMF和5ml的冰醋酸混合,加入0.49g的硝酸铋直至完全溶解,再向溶液中加入0.2385g的硝酸钙,完全溶解后再加入0.294g的硝酸钴,最后再加入2.7g的PVP;
(2)将混合溶液放在磁力搅拌器上搅拌12h,搅拌速度为80rpm,获得静电纺丝液;
(3)通过静电纺丝法制备纤维,纺丝电压为18kV,溶液注射速度为0.4ml h-1,收丝筒转速为50r/min,接收距离为20cm,静电纺丝的温度为24℃;
(4)将所得纤维在80℃烘干24h;
(5)将烘干后的纤维装入坩埚中,在箱式电阻炉中,以2℃/min的升温速率升温到800℃烧结2h,再以1℃/min的降温速率冷却,得到Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维。
将所得Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维进行XRD检测和微观形貌分析。图1与PDF-2004卡片库中的标准卡片对比,合成样品为纯Bi2Ca2Co2Oy。Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纤维的扫描电镜图如图2所示,结果表明合成的样品颗粒尺寸为60~250nm。图3为Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维的循环伏安图,可以看出扫描速率为10mV和100mV的循环伏安图形没有大的变化,表明就有良好的倍率性能。图4是Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维的充放电图,从图中可以看出将Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维制成电极后具有较好的比电容,比电容可达109.2F/g。
实施例2
一种Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将5ml的DMF和2.5ml的冰醋酸混合,加入0.245g的硝酸铋直至完全溶解,再向溶液中加入0.1193g的硝酸钙,完全溶解后再加入0.147g的硝酸钴,最后再加入1.35g的PVP;
(2)将混合溶液放在磁力搅拌器上搅拌6h,搅拌速度为120rpm,获得静电纺丝液;
(3)通过静电纺丝法制备纤维,纺丝电压为15kV,溶液注射速度为0.6ml h-1,收丝筒转速为100r/min,接收距离为10cm,静电纺丝的温度为10℃;
(4)将所得纤维在90℃烘干16h;
(5)将烘干后的纤维装入坩埚中,在箱式电阻炉中,以1℃/min的升温速率升温到900℃烧结2h,再以2℃/min的降温速率冷却,得到Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维。
实施例3
一种Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将15ml的DMF和7.5ml的冰醋酸混合,加入0.735g的硝酸铋直至完全溶解,再向溶液中加入0.7155g的硝酸钙,完全溶解后再加入0.441g的硝酸钴,最后再加入4.05g的PVP;
(2)将混合溶液放在磁力搅拌器上搅拌7h,搅拌速度为100pm,获得静电纺丝液;
(3)通过静电纺丝法制备纤维,纺丝电压为15kV,溶液注射速度为0.4ml h-1,收丝筒转速为200r/min,接收距离为12cm,静电纺丝的温度为22℃;
(4)将所得纤维在100℃烘干12h;
(5)将烘干后的纤维装入坩埚中,在箱式电阻炉中,以3℃/min的升温速率升温到700℃烧结6h,再以3℃/min的降温速率冷却,得到Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维。
实施例4
一种Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将20ml的DMF和10ml的冰醋酸混合,加入0.98g的硝酸铋直至完全溶解,再向溶液中加入0.477g的硝酸钙,完全溶解后再加入0.588g的硝酸钴,最后再加入5.4g的PVP;
(2)将混合溶液放在磁力搅拌器上搅拌9h,搅拌速度为90rpm,获得静电纺丝液;
(3)通过静电纺丝法制备纤维,纺丝电压为18kV,溶液注射速度为0.4ml h-1,收丝筒转速为50r/min,接收距离为15cm,静电纺丝的温度为24℃;
(4)将所得纤维在85℃烘干18h;
(5)将烘干后的纤维装入坩埚中,在箱式电阻炉中,以4℃/min的升温速率升温到800℃烧结4h,再以4℃/min的降温速率冷却,得到Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维。
实施例5
一种Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将25ml的DMF和12.5ml的冰醋酸混合,加入1.225g的硝酸铋直至完全溶解,再向溶液中加入0.5965g的硝酸钙,完全溶解后再加入0.735g的硝酸钴,最后再加入6.75g的PVP;
(2)将混合溶液放在磁力搅拌器上搅拌12h,搅拌速度为110rpm,获得静电纺丝液;
(3)通过静电纺丝法制备纤维,纺丝电压为20kV,溶液注射速度为0.2ml h-1,收丝筒转速为60r/min,接收距离为18cm,静电纺丝的温度为30℃;
(4)将所得纤维在70℃烘干24h;
(5)将烘干后的纤维装入坩埚中,在箱式电阻炉中,以2℃/min的升温速率升温到750℃烧结3h,再以5℃/min的降温速率冷却,得到Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维。
对比例
溶胶凝胶法制备Bi2Ca2Co2Oy,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)在30ml的去离子水中加入5ml的冰醋酸后,依次向溶液中加入0.3167g的柠檬酸,0.49g的硝酸铋,0.2385g的硝酸钙和0.294g的硝酸钴;
(2)将混合溶液放在磁力搅拌器上搅拌12h,搅拌速度为80rpm;
(3)将获得的溶液在80℃下烘干;
(4)将烘干的Bi2Ca2Co2Oy前驱体装入坩埚中,在箱式电阻炉中,以0.5℃/min的升温速率升温到800℃烧结2h,再以1℃/min的降温速率冷却,得到Bi2Ca2Co2Oy电极材料。
将本对比例采用溶胶凝胶法制得的Bi2Ca2Co2Oy与实施例1制得的Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维,在相同的条件下分别进行充放电测试,结果如图5所示。对比图4和图5可以看出采用静电纺丝法制备的Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维的充放电时间更久,性能更好。
Claims (10)
1.一种Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(a)称取0.245~1.225重量份数的硝酸铋、0.1193~0.5965重量份数的硝酸钙和0.147~0.735重量份数的硝酸钴依次溶解于DMF与冰醋酸的混合溶液,最后加入1.35~6.75重量份数的PVP;
(b)将混合溶液放在磁力搅拌器上搅拌,直至溶液成透明状,获得静电纺丝液;
(c)将得到的静电纺丝液通过静电纺丝法制备Bi2Ca2Co2Oy前驱体纤维;
(d)将获得的Bi2Ca2Co2Oy前驱体纤维放入烘箱中进行烘干;
(e)在700~900 ℃烧结,得到Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(a)中,DMF与冰醋酸的体积比为5~25: 2.5~7.5。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(b)中,搅拌速度为80~120rpm,搅拌时间为6~12 h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(c)中,静电纺丝电压为15~20 kV,溶液注射速度为0.2~0.6 ml h-1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(c)中,静电纺丝机的收丝滚筒转速50~200 r/min,接收距离为10~20cm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(c)中,静电纺丝的温度为10~30℃。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(d)中,烘干温度为70~100℃,烘干时间为12~24 h。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(e)中,升温速率为1~5℃/min,升高到700~900 ℃时保温2~6h,降温速率为1~5℃/min。
9.根据权利要求1~8所述的一种Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维的制备方法所制得的Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维,其特征在于:晶粒尺寸为60~250 nm。
10.根据权利要求9所述的Bi2Ca2Co2Oy纳米纤维在超级电容器电极材料中的应用。
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