CN112493049B - High-survival-rate seedling raising and planting method for pecans - Google Patents
High-survival-rate seedling raising and planting method for pecans Download PDFInfo
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- CN112493049B CN112493049B CN202011428140.0A CN202011428140A CN112493049B CN 112493049 B CN112493049 B CN 112493049B CN 202011428140 A CN202011428140 A CN 202011428140A CN 112493049 B CN112493049 B CN 112493049B
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- carya illinoensis
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- 241001453450 Carya illinoinensis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
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- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 14
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/14—Hand watering devices, e.g. watering cans
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0293—Seed or shoot receptacles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree planting, and particularly relates to a pecan seedling growing and planting method with high survival rate, which comprises the following steps: (1) seed treatment: selecting full-bodied, mildew-free and worm-eaten pecan seeds, placing the selected pecan seeds in a shade place, naturally airing for 2 days, then soaking the seeds for 7 days by using phytohormone, and airing; (2) accelerating germination and raising seedlings: accelerating germination of the soaked carya illinoensis seeds, transplanting the germinated carya illinoensis seeds into carya illinoensis seedling cultivation devices, dibbling 1 seed in the center of each seedling pot in the carya illinoensis seedling cultivation devices, and placing nutrient soil in the seedling pots; (3) open field transplantation: selecting an open field plot of sand red soil and small-particle gravel soil; (4) seedling stage management: erecting a sunshelter, and finding dead branches to remove and remove dead plants in time; the pecan seedling raising and planting method provided by the invention enables the germination rate of the seeds of the apocarya to be high and improves the survival rate of the pecan seedling raising and planting.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree planting, and particularly relates to a seedling growing and planting method for hickory nuts with high survival rate.
Background art:
the pecan is oval or round, has rich nutritive value, can be directly eaten or used as a food ingredient, and is a traditional food processing raw material in China. The walnut has high edible value and extremely high health care function and medicinal value. The phospholipid in the walnut kernel has good health care effect on cranial nerves; the walnut kernel contains indispensable microelements of zinc, manganese, chromium and the like for human body, and can supplement the gradual reduction of the zinc and manganese contents in the aging process of the human body; the traditional Chinese medicine considers that the walnuts are warm in nature, sweet in taste and non-toxic, and have the effects of invigorating stomach, enriching blood, moistening lung, nourishing spirit and the like.
At present, domestic apocarya plantation mostly adopts extensive management, and due to improper garden address and lack of water and fertilizer, trees decline, diseases and pests are serious, and the yield is low and unstable. Furthermore, some growers pursue high speed and large area at a glance, neglect the seedling raising of the carya illinoensis, so that the planting survival rate of the seedling raising is low, and the economic benefit of the carya illinoensis planting is influenced.
The invention content is as follows:
aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a seedling raising and planting method for hickory nuts with high survival rate.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose: a seedling raising and planting method for hickory nuts with high survival rate comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed treatment: selecting full-bodied, mildew-free and worm-eaten pecan seeds, placing the selected pecan seeds in a shade place, naturally airing for 2 days, then soaking the seeds for 7 days by using phytohormone, and airing;
(2) Accelerating germination and raising seedling: accelerating germination of soaked carya illinoensis seeds, transplanting the germinated carya illinoensis seeds into a carya illinoensis seedling cultivation device, dibbling 1 seed in the center of each seedling cultivation pot in the carya illinoensis seedling cultivation device, placing nutrient soil in the seedling cultivation pot, covering 2-3 cm of soil after dibbling, thoroughly watering the carya illinoensis seedling cultivation device with 0.5% potassium permanganate solution, placing the carya illinoensis seedling cultivation device in a greenhouse, controlling the temperature of the greenhouse to be 15-30 ℃, ventilating in time when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 30 ℃, spraying the carya illinoensis seedling cultivation device for 1 time every 2 days, and keeping the nutrient soil moist;
(3) And (3) open field transplantation: selecting an open field nursery land with sandy red soil and small-particle gravel soil, uniformly scattering organic fertilizer according to the amount of 15-25 kg per mu of land, deeply turning over by a digger for 30-50cm, making a transplanting hole with the width of 30-35cm and the height of 20-25cm, selecting carya illinoensis seedlings with the height of more than 15-20 cm from a carya illinoensis seedling cultivation device, putting the carya illinoensis seedlings into the transplanting hole, ridging and compacting after straightening, and watering thoroughly;
(4) Seedling stage management: setting up a shed with the height of 2-3m, covering with a sunshade net with the light transmittance of 50-70%, reducing the shading time when the sunlight intensity is weak and the number of sunshine days is less, finding out dead branches to timely remove and pull out dead plants, and spraying a pp333 solution with the concentration of 280mg/L-350 mg/L on the leaf surfaces of carya illinoensis.
Preferably, the plant hormone in step (1) is selected from one of indolebutyric acid (IBA), indoleacetic acid (IAA) and naphthylacetic acid (NAA).
Under the preferable conditions, the nutrient soil in the step (2) comprises the following raw material components in percentage by weight: 40-50% of loam, 20-25% of northeast turfy soil, 8-10% of mushroom material, 8-10% of river sand and 20-25% of decomposed chicken manure.
Under the preferable condition, the pecan seedling cultivation device in the step (2) comprises:
a plurality of seedling raising pots are arranged, each seedling raising pot is provided with a containing groove and a supporting plate which is sleeved on the upper part of the containing groove,
the supporting plate is provided with a first through hole and a second through hole in a conduction way, the inner wall of one side of the first through hole close to the containing groove is provided with a third through hole, the first through hole is in conduction connection with the containing groove through the third through hole,
a first piston matched with the aperture of the first through hole is inserted into two orifices of the first through hole, a second piston matched with the aperture of the second through hole is inserted into two orifices of the second through hole,
a first limiting plate and a second limiting plate are respectively arranged at one end part of the first piston and one end part of the second piston, a first flow limiting hole and a second flow limiting hole are respectively arranged at the waist parts of the first piston and the second piston,
the seedling pots are mutually clamped through a buckle structure, orifices of the first through holes on two adjacent supporting plates are mutually matched and connected, and orifices of the second through holes on two adjacent supporting plates are mutually matched and connected;
the seedling tray is used for bearing the seedling pot;
and the liquid storage tank is used for supplying water to the seedling raising pot.
Under the preferred condition, buckle structure include: the supporting plate comprises lugs arranged on two outer side surfaces of the supporting plate and grooves arranged on the other two outer side surfaces and matched with the lugs for application.
Preferably, the snap structure further comprises: the bottom plate of the supporting plate is close to the clamping block connected with the groove through the torsion spring, and the bottom plate of the supporting plate is close to the clamping groove arranged at the convex block and suitable for being matched with the clamping block.
Under the optimal condition, sealing rubber rings are respectively arranged at the mutual inosculating connection part of the orifices of the first through holes and the mutual inosculating connection part of the orifices of the second through holes.
Preferably, the device also comprises a support structure, wherein the support structure comprises a support frame and a plurality of brackets,
the supporting frame consists of a supporting base and a supporting rod,
a plurality of the bracket constitute by bearing and the U type layer board of the even interval arrangement of bearing outer wall circumference, it is a plurality of the bracket establish through the rotatable cover of bearing on the bracing piece, the face is equipped with strip recess in two relative U type layer boards for the gomphosis educate seedling tray.
Under the preferred condition, the mounting groove has been seted up to the diapire of strip recess, rotatable arrangement has a plurality of gyro wheels in the mounting groove.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
1. according to the method for cultivating the seedlings of the pecans, the germination acceleration is realized through the plant hormones, the seedlings are cultivated through the pecan seedling cultivating device, and the conventional technical management measures are matched, so that the germination rate of the pecan seeds is high, the survival rate of the pecan seedling cultivation and planting is improved, the more ideal effects of promoting flowers and promoting fruits in the later growth process of the pecans are further realized, the formation of the early yield of the pecans and the improvement of benefits are ensured, the reference is provided for the large-scale production of the pecans, and the requirements of domestic markets for the pecans are met;
2. according to the pecan seedling cultivation device provided by the invention, the support plate is provided with the first through hole, the second through hole and the third through hole for communicating the first through hole with the accommodating groove, the orifice of the first through hole is matched and connected with the orifice of the second through hole when each seedling pot is clamped, and the positions of the first piston and the second piston in the first through hole and the second through hole are adjusted to carry out targeted spraying and watering according to the water shortage condition of the pecan seedlings in the seedling pot; the sealing rubber ring is arranged at the inosculating joint, so that dripping and water leakage in the spraying and watering process are avoided, the defect that the traditional seedling culture device can only water in a large area can be overcome, the seedling culture device provided by the invention is more flexible to use, the spraying efficiency of seedling culture is improved, and the advantage of strong practicability is embodied;
3. according to the pecan seedling cultivation device provided by the invention, the projection, the groove matched and suitable with the projection, the fixture block and the clamping groove matched and suitable with the fixture block are arranged, the whole seedling cultivation device is more stable in the use process through the double-protection buckle structure, the phenomenon that some seedling cultivation basins slide off from the seedling cultivation plate can not occur in the seedling transplanting process, the problem of seedling cultivation damage is avoided, the seedling cultivation efficiency is improved, meanwhile, the waste of raw materials is reduced, and the survival rate of seedling cultivation is integrally improved;
4. according to the apocarya seedling cultivation device provided by the invention, the bracket is rotatably arranged on the support frame, and the seedling cultivation plate for accommodating the seedling cultivation pot is arranged on the bracket, so that the shading and lighting treatment of the apocarya seedlings can be realized by rotating the bracket according to the illumination condition of the apocarya seedlings in the seedling cultivation pot, a good illumination environment is provided for the apocarya seedlings in the seedling cultivation pot, and the survival rate of the apocarya seedlings is improved; the support rods are vertically sleeved with the brackets, so that multi-layer cultivation can be performed, the space is saved, the cultivation is convenient, and the problem that the space cannot be fully utilized in the modern seedling cultivation process is avoided;
5. according to the pecan seedling cultivation device, the seedling cultivation plates bearing the plurality of seedling cultivation basins are embedded and placed on the U-shaped supporting plate, so that the seedling cultivation basins with the seedlings are convenient to directly move to a field for planting after the seedlings are cultivated, the field seedling moving efficiency is improved, and the problems of high labor intensity and low working efficiency are avoided; through having arranged the gyro wheel in the mounting groove, be convenient for extract seedling raising pot from U type layer board, labour saving and time saving.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for cultivating seedlings of Carya cathayensis with high survival rate;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the detailed structure of the cultivation device for Carya illinoensis Koch seedlings in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the device for cultivating Carya illinoensis Koch seedlings of the present invention in a state where a plurality of seedling pots are engaged;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of part A of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a top view of the device for cultivating Carya illinoensis Koch seedlings of the present invention in a state where a plurality of seedling pots are engaged;
fig. 6 is a schematic view showing an operating state of the first piston in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic view showing an operating state of the first piston in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic view showing an operating state of the first piston in embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic view of the working state of the first piston in embodiment 4 of the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures illustrate: 1-seedling raising pot; 10-a receiving groove; 11-supporting plate; 110-a bump; 112-a torsion spring; 113-a fixture block; 114-a card slot; 12-a first via; 13-a second via; 14-a third via; 15-a first piston; 16-a second piston; 17-a first limiting plate; 18-a second limiting plate; 19-a first flow restriction orifice; 20-a second flow restriction orifice; 2-seedling raising plate; 3-a liquid storage tank; 4-a support frame; 40-a support base; 41-a support bar; 5-a bracket; 50-a bearing; a 51-U shaped pallet; 52-roller.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
in order to make the technical means, the creation features, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further clarified below by combining the specific drawings and the embodiments.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not denote a unique embodiment.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In the following embodiments provided by the present invention, the hickory nut seedling is obtained by cultivating a carya illinoensis seedling cultivating device, specifically referring to fig. 3-5, 9 seedling cultivating pots 1 are arranged, before cultivating carya illinoensis seedlings, the seedling cultivating pots need to be assembled by clamping and splicing, 9 seedling cultivating pots 1 are mutually clamped and spliced together by arranging a convex block 110 and a groove matched and suitable with the convex block 110 on the supporting plate 11, in addition, in the splicing process, orifices of the first through holes 12 on two adjacent seedling cultivating pots 1 are mutually matched and connected, orifices of the second through holes 13 on two adjacent seedling cultivating pots 1 are mutually matched and connected, in order to avoid water leakage in the spraying and watering process, a sealing rubber ring is arranged at the matching and connecting position of the orifices of the first through holes 12 and the second through holes 13; in order to ensure that the spliced seedling raising pot 1 is more stable as a whole and the phenomenon that the seedling raising pot 1 slides down from a seedling raising tray in the seedling transplanting process is avoided, a clamping block 113 and a clamping groove 114 matched and suitable with the clamping block 113 are arranged on the bottom plate of the supporting plate 11; finally, the exposed openings of the first through hole 12 and the second through hole 13 are sealed by a first piston 15 and a second piston 16;
referring to fig. 5 specifically, in the state after the 9 seedling raising pots 1 are clamped, spliced and assembled, the carya illinoensis seedlings are placed in the accommodating grooves of the seedling raising pots;
according to embodiment 1 provided by the present invention, when only a first row of carya illinoensis seedlings needs to be watered, specifically referring to fig. 5 and 6, the second piston 16 on the seedling raising pot 1 on the right side of the first row is removed, the pipe orifice of the liquid guide pipe of the liquid storage tank 3 is matched and connected with the orifice of the second through hole 13 on the seedling raising pot 1 on the right side of the first row, and then the first piston 15 close to the liquid storage tank 3 is adjusted, so that the first limiting plate 17 in the first piston 15 is located at the cross-intersection of the first through hole 12 and the second through hole 13 as shown in fig. 6, and due to the blocking effect of the first limiting plate 17, the liquid in the liquid storage tank 3 waters the first row of carya illinoensis seedlings;
according to the embodiment 2 of the present invention, when only the second row of carya illinoensis seedlings needs to be watered, specifically referring to fig. 5-7, the position of the first flow-limiting hole 19 in the first piston 15 on the right side of the first row is adjusted, so that the orifice of the first flow-limiting hole 19 is aligned with the nozzle of the liquid guide tube of the liquid storage box 3 as shown in fig. 6, and then the position of the first limiting plate 17 in the first piston 15 on the right side of the second row is adjusted to the position as shown in fig. 5, so that the liquid in the liquid storage box 3 waters the second row of carya illinoensis seedlings under the combined action of the first piston 15 on the right side of the first row and the first piston 15 on the right side of the second row;
according to embodiment 3 provided by the invention, when the seedlings of the carya illinoensis in the first row and the seedlings of the third row need to be watered at the same time, and the seedlings of the second row need not to be watered, referring to fig. 5 and 7-8 specifically, the position of the first limiting plate 17 in the first piston 15 on the right side of the first row is adjusted, the position is adjusted as shown in fig. 8, the position of the first limiting plate 17 in the first piston 15 on the right side of the second row is adjusted, the position is adjusted as shown in fig. 7, so that under the combined action of the first piston 15 on the right side of the first row and the first piston 15 on the right side of the second row, the liquid in the liquid storage tank 3 can simultaneously water the seedlings of the carya illinoensis in the first row and the seedlings of the third row, and the seedlings of the second row need not to be watered;
according to embodiment 4 provided by the invention, when the watering of the carya illinoensis seeds is stopped, the position of the first limiting plate 17 in the first piston 15 on the right side of the first row is adjusted, so that the first limiting plate 17 in the first piston 15 on the right side of the first row is in the position shown in fig. 9, and thus, under the action of the first piston 15 on the right side of the first row, the liquid in the liquid storage tank 3 cannot water the carya illinoensis seeds;
further, according to the present invention, referring to fig. 2 specifically, the pecan seedling cultivation device of the present invention further comprises a support structure, wherein the support structure comprises a support frame 4 and a plurality of brackets 5, wherein the brackets 5 can be arranged in plurality, and the brackets 5 can be rotatably arranged on the support frame 4, in the technical scheme provided by the present invention, the seedling cultivation tray 1 is placed on the U-shaped bracket 51 through the seedling cultivation tray 2, and shading and lighting treatment of the pecan seedlings can be realized by rotating the brackets 5 according to the illumination condition of the pecan seedlings in the seedling cultivation tray 1, so as to provide a good illumination environment for the pecan seedlings in the seedling cultivation tray 1 and improve the survival rate of the pecan seedlings; furthermore, the seedling raising tray 2 provided with the seedling raising pots 1 is conveniently placed on the U-shaped supporting plate 51 through the rotatable rollers 52 arranged on the U-shaped supporting plate 51, or the seedling raising pots 1 are directly extracted from the U-shaped supporting plate 51 after seedling raising is completed, so that large Tian Maide seedling moving is facilitated, and time and labor are saved.
Example 1
A seedling raising and planting method for hickory nuts with high survival rate comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed treatment: selecting full-bodied, mildew-free and worm-eaten pecan seeds, placing the selected pecan seeds in a shade place for naturally airing for 2 days, then soaking the seeds for 7 days by using naphthylacetic acid (NAA) with the mass concentration of 250mg/L, and airing;
(2) Accelerating germination and raising seedling: accelerating germination of soaked carya illinoensis seeds, transplanting the germinated carya illinoensis seeds into a carya illinoensis seedling cultivation device, dibbling 1 seed in the center of each seedling cultivation pot in the carya illinoensis seedling cultivation device, placing nutrient soil in the seedling cultivation pot, covering soil for 2cm after dibbling, thoroughly watering the carya illinoensis seedling cultivation device with 0.5% potassium permanganate solution, placing the carya illinoensis seedling cultivation device in a greenhouse, controlling the temperature of the greenhouse to be 15 ℃, ventilating and ventilating in time when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 30 ℃, spraying the carya illinoensis seedling cultivation device for 1 time every 2 days, and keeping the nutrient soil moist;
(3) And (3) open field transplantation: selecting an open field nursery land with sandy red soil and small-particle gravel soil, uniformly scattering organic fertilizer according to the amount of 15kg per mu of land, then deeply turning over by a digger for 30cm, making a transplanting hole with the width of 30cm and the height of 20cm, selecting a carya illinoensis seedling culture device with the height of more than 15cm for seedling culture, putting the carya illinoensis seedling culture into the transplanting hole, righting, ridging and compacting, and watering thoroughly;
(4) Seedling stage management: setting up a shed with the height of 2m, covering the shed with a sunshade net with the light transmittance of 50 percent, reducing the shading time when the sunlight intensity is weak and the number of sunshine days is less, finding out dead branches to remove and pull out dead plants in time, and spraying pp333 solution with the concentration of 280mg/L on the leaf surfaces of the carya illinoensis.
The nutrient soil in the step (2) comprises the following raw material components in percentage by weight: 40% of loam, 20% of northeast turfy soil, 8% of mushroom material, 8% of river sand and 20% of decomposed chicken manure.
Example 2
A pecan seedling raising and planting method with high survival rate comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed treatment: selecting full-kernel carya illinoensis seeds without mildew or worm damage, placing the selected carya illinoensis seeds in a shade place, naturally airing for 2 days, then soaking the seeds for 7 days by using indolebutyric acid (IBA) with the mass concentration of 250mg/L, and airing;
(2) Accelerating germination and raising seedlings: accelerating germination of soaked carya illinoensis seeds, transplanting the germinated carya illinoensis seeds into a carya illinoensis seedling cultivation device, dibbling 1 seed in the center of each seedling cultivation pot in the carya illinoensis seedling cultivation device, placing nutrient soil in the seedling cultivation pot, covering soil for 2cm after dibbling, thoroughly watering the carya illinoensis seedling cultivation device by using 0.5% potassium permanganate solution, placing the carya illinoensis seedling cultivation device in a greenhouse, controlling the temperature of the greenhouse to be 20 ℃, ventilating in time when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 30 ℃, spraying the carya illinoensis seedling cultivation device for 1 time every 2 days, and keeping the nutrient soil moist;
(3) And (3) open field transplantation: selecting an open field nursery land with sandy red soil and small-particle gravel soil, uniformly scattering organic fertilizer according to the amount of 20kg per mu of land, then deeply turning over by 40cm by using a digger, making a transplanting hole with the width of 30cm and the height of 20cm, selecting carya illinoensis seedlings with the height of more than 18cm from a carya illinoensis seedling cultivation device for seedling cultivation, putting the carya illinoensis seedlings into the transplanting hole, righting, ridging and compacting, and watering thoroughly;
(4) Seedling stage management: setting up a shed with the height of 3m, covering the shed with a sunshade net with the light transmittance of 60 percent, reducing the shading time when the sunlight intensity is weak and the number of sunshine days is less, finding out dead branches to remove and remove dead plants in time, and spraying a pp333 solution with the concentration of 300 mg/L on the leaf surfaces of the carya illinoensis.
The nutrient soil in the step (2) comprises the following raw material components in percentage by weight: 45% of loam, 25% of northeast turfy soil, 9% of mushroom material, 9% of river sand and 25% of decomposed chicken manure.
Example 3
A pecan seedling raising and planting method with high survival rate comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed treatment: selecting full-kernel carya illinoensis seeds without mildew or worm damage, placing the selected carya illinoensis seeds in a shade place, naturally airing for 2 days, then soaking the seeds for 7 days by using indoleacetic acid (IAA) with the mass concentration of 100mg/L, and airing;
(2) Accelerating germination and raising seedlings: accelerating germination of soaked carya illinoensis seeds, transplanting the germinated carya illinoensis seeds into a carya illinoensis seedling cultivation device, dibbling 1 seed in the center of each seedling cultivation pot in the carya illinoensis seedling cultivation device, placing nutrient soil in the seedling cultivation pot, covering soil for 3cm after dibbling, thoroughly watering the carya illinoensis seedling cultivation device with 0.5% potassium permanganate solution, placing the carya illinoensis seedling cultivation device in a greenhouse, controlling the temperature of the greenhouse to be 30 ℃, ventilating and ventilating in time when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 30 ℃, spraying the carya illinoensis seedling cultivation device for 1 time every 2 days, and keeping the nutrient soil moist;
(3) And (3) open field transplantation: selecting an open field nursery land of sandy red soil and small-particle gravel soil, uniformly scattering organic fertilizer according to the amount of 25kg per mu of land, then deeply turning over by a digging machine for 50cm, making transplanting holes with the width of 35cm and the height of 25cm, selecting apocarya seedlings with the height of more than 20cm from an apocarya seedling cultivating device, putting the apocarya seedlings into the transplanting holes, righting, ridging, compacting, and watering thoroughly;
(4) Seedling stage management: setting up a shed with the height of 3m, covering the shed with a sunshade net with the light transmittance of 70 percent, reducing the shading time when the sunlight intensity is weak and the number of sunshine days is less, finding out dead branches to remove and remove dead plants in time, and spraying a pp333 solution with the concentration of 350 mg/L on the leaf surfaces of the carya illinoensis.
The nutrient soil in the step (2) comprises the following raw material components in percentage by weight: 50% of loam, 25% of northeast turfy soil, 10% of mushroom material, 10% of river sand and 25% of decomposed chicken manure.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example is basically the same as the seedling raising and planting method of the carya cathayensis sarg in the example 3, except that the selected carya cathayensis sarg seeds are soaked by clear water, and the rest is not changed.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example is basically the same as the hickory seedling raising and planting method in example 3, except that the hickory seedling raising device is not adopted to raise the hickory seedlings, and the rest is unchanged.
Observing the germination condition 50 days after germination acceleration, and counting the germination rate of the carya illinoensis seeds; observing the growth condition of the seedling of the carya illinoensis before transplanting, and respectively measuring the seedling height and the rhizome of the seedling of the carya illinoensis; and (5) counting the survival rate of the carya illinoensis seedlings 30 days after transplantation.
The statistical results are shown in the following table:
the test data are combined to show that based on the hickory seedling raising and planting method provided by the invention, the germination rate of the hickory seeds is 93-98%, the seedling height of the hickory seedlings is 10.8-14.4cm, the root and stem are 0.45-0.49cm, and the survival rate of the transplanted hickory seedlings is 96-98%, which shows that the germination rate of the hickory seeds is high through the plant hormone germination acceleration and the seedling raising of the hickory seedling breeding device, and the conventional technical management measures are matched, so that the survival rate of the hickory seedling raising and planting is improved, the more ideal flower and fruit promoting effect in the later growth process of the hickory is further realized, and the formation of the early yield of the hickory and the improvement of the benefit are ensured.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, principal features, and aspects of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (3)
1. A pecan seedling raising and planting method with high survival rate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Seed treatment: selecting full-bodied, mildew-free and worm-eaten pecan seeds, placing the selected pecan seeds in a shade place, naturally airing for 2d, then soaking the seeds for 7d by using plant hormones, and airing;
(2) Accelerating germination and raising seedlings: accelerating germination of soaked carya illinoensis seeds, transplanting the germinated carya illinoensis seeds into a carya illinoensis seedling cultivation device, dibbling 1 seed in the center of each seedling cultivation pot in the carya illinoensis seedling cultivation device, placing nutrient soil in the seedling cultivation pot, covering 2-3 cm of soil after dibbling, thoroughly watering the carya illinoensis seedling cultivation device with 0.5% potassium permanganate solution, placing the carya illinoensis seedling cultivation device in a greenhouse, controlling the temperature of the greenhouse to be 15-30 ℃, ventilating in time when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 30 ℃, spraying the carya illinoensis seedling cultivation device for 1 time every 2 days, and keeping the nutrient soil moist;
the pecan seedling cultivation device in the step (2) comprises: a plurality of seedling raising pots (1), each seedling raising pot (1) is provided with a containing groove (10) and a supporting plate (11) which is sleeved on the upper part of the containing groove (10),
a first through hole (12) and a second through hole (13) are communicated and arranged on the supporting plate (11), a third through hole (14) is arranged on the inner wall of one side of the first through hole (12) close to the accommodating groove (10), the first through hole (12) is communicated and connected with the accommodating groove (10) through the third through hole (14),
a first piston (15) matched with the aperture of the first through hole (12) is inserted into two apertures of the first through hole (12), a second piston (16) matched with the aperture of the second through hole (13) is inserted into two apertures of the second through hole (13),
a first limiting plate (17) and a second limiting plate (18) are respectively arranged at one end part of the first piston (15) and one end part of the second piston (16), a first limiting hole (19) and a second limiting hole (20) are respectively arranged at the waist parts of the first piston (15) and the second piston (16),
the seedling raising pots (1) are mutually clamped through a clamping structure, orifices of the first through holes (12) on two adjacent supporting plates (11) are mutually matched and connected, and orifices of the second through holes (13) on two adjacent supporting plates (11) are mutually matched and connected;
a seedling tray (2) for bearing the seedling pot (1);
the liquid storage tank (3) is used for supplying water to the seedling raising pot (1);
(3) And (4) open field transplantation: selecting an open field nursery land with sandy red soil and small-particle gravel soil, uniformly scattering organic fertilizer according to the amount of 15-25 kg per mu of land, deeply turning over by a digger for 30-50cm, making a transplanting hole with the width of 30-35cm and the height of 20-25cm, selecting carya illinoensis seedlings with the height of more than 15-20 cm from a carya illinoensis seedling cultivation device, putting the carya illinoensis seedlings into the transplanting hole, ridging and compacting after straightening, and watering thoroughly;
(4) Seedling stage management: setting up a shed with the height of 2-3m, covering with a sunshade net with the light transmittance of 50-70%, reducing the shading time when the sunlight intensity is weak and the number of sunshine days is less, finding out dead branches to timely remove and pull out dead plants, and spraying a pp333 solution with the concentration of 280mg/L-350 mg/L on the leaf surfaces of carya illinoensis.
2. The method for growing seedlings of Carya cathayensis Sarg with high survival rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plant hormone in step (1) is selected from one of indolebutyric acid (IBA), indoleacetic acid (IAA) and naphthylacetic acid (NAA).
3. The pecan seedling cultivation method with high survival rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nutrient soil in step (2) comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 40-50% of loam, 20-25% of northeast turfy soil, 8-10% of mushroom material, 8-10% of river sand and 20-25% of decomposed chicken manure.
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