CN112471085A - Silkworm breeding method - Google Patents
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- CN112471085A CN112471085A CN202011449030.2A CN202011449030A CN112471085A CN 112471085 A CN112471085 A CN 112471085A CN 202011449030 A CN202011449030 A CN 202011449030A CN 112471085 A CN112471085 A CN 112471085A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
- A01K67/04—Silkworms
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation, and discloses a silkworm cultivation method, which divides the cultivation process into several different steps, and utilizes a unique cultivation method to cultivate silkworm eggs in a cultivation period with higher environmental requirements by using a silkworm egg hatching room and a secondary co-cultivation workshop. According to the invention, silkworms in different periods are bred in different manners, different breeding environments can be provided for the silkworms in different periods, first-stage factory co-breeding culture is adopted for 1-2-year young silkworms, second-stage workshop co-breeding culture is adopted for 3-4-year young silkworms, and 5-year old silkworms are distributed to a mulberry farmer, a cooperative and a novel agricultural operation main body for decentralized culture, so that the purpose of reducing the culture difficulty is achieved, the 1-2-year young silkworms are placed in an incubation and ant receiving chamber, and the 3-4-year old silkworms are placed in the second-stage co-breeding workshop, so that the silkworms can be cultivated by special equipment, the synchronous growth of the silkworms is ensured, the sizes of the 5-year old silkworms are prevented from being different, the silkworms can spin and form cocoons at the same time, the silkworm breeding time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation, in particular to a silkworm cultivation method.
Background
The 'silkworm breeding in the whole age' is as follows: the breeding of young 1-2-year silkworms, the breeding of middle-aged 3-4-year silkworms and the breeding of 5-year silkworms from silkworm eggs are carried out by cooperative society and silkworm farmers, the requirements of temperature, humidity and mulberry leaf quality required by the breeding of the young 1-2-year silkworms and the breeding of the middle-aged 3-4-year silkworms in the silkworm eggs are strict, the technology is strong, the cooperative society and the silkworm farmers do not have facility conditions for accurately controlling the temperature and the humidity at home, the temperature and the humidity are not well controlled, the technical mastery of the silkworms in the young silkworms is not well controlled, the silkworm eggs are not regularly hatched, the hatching rate is low, the success rate of one-time termite collection is not high, the loss rate and the death rate of the silkworms in the young silkworms are high, the number of silkworms in the young silkworms is not guaranteed, the breeding sizes of the young silkworms and the middle-aged silkworms are not uniform, the sizes of the young silkworms and the silkworms are not uniform, the silkworms of the, resulting in the yellow and damaged silkworm cocoon and the quality reduction. In conclusion, the problems of low yield and low quality of silkworm cocoons caused by the fact that the silkworm living environment is not suitable for leading the silkworm quality to be different exist in the prior silkworm breeding process.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the silkworm breeding method, which has the advantages of effectively improving the yield and the quality of the silkworm cocoons and the like, and solves the problems in the background technology.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the aim of effectively improving the yield and the quality of the silkworm cocoons, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention aims to solve another technical problem of providing a silkworm breeding method, which comprises the following steps:
1) primary culture: disinfecting and ventilating a hatching and termite-collecting chamber in advance, paving soft hygroscopic straw paper on the silkworm dustpan before the silkworm eggs are placed in the hatching chamber for protection, then paving fresh lime powder on the silkworm dustpan, then covering an ant silkworm net, and performing black protection and green-hastening for two days.
2) Harvesting ants: turning on a lamp for light sensing for 3-4 hours until the third day of dark protection, starting spring silkworms from 9 am, starting summer and autumn silkworms from 7 am, then firstly scattering fresh lime powder → paving an ant collecting net → uniformly feeding a small amount of first mulberry leaves → finishing light sensing → lifting an upper layer of a small silkworm net for winnowing → then scattering small silkworm paraformaldehyde powder for disinfection, then uniformly feeding the mulberry leaves, simultaneously carrying out intermittent ventilation and heat preservation, and entering a heat preservation state at night.
3) 1-year-old cultivation: continuously windowing and ventilating silkworms of 1 year on the 2 nd day and the 3 rd day, and scattering lime powder to ensure that silkworms of 1 year are uniformly fed for 4 times (6 points, 11 points, 4 points and 8 points) every day, and are fed with 2.5 catties of mulberry leaves on the 2 nd day and 1.5 catties of mulberry leaves on the third day; in the 1 st-year sleep of 24 hours in the 4 th day, windows are opened for ventilation, thick lime powder is scattered for stopping mulberry, silkworms which do not sleep and have early sleep do not eat the mulberry, the growth is kept consistent, the silkworms can be dehumidified and disinfected, the continuous heat preservation is ensured for 12 hours, and the next day is 2 years old.
4) 2-year-old cultivation: feeding 2-silkworm-year-old mulberry leaves for 1 day in 5 days, ensuring that the 2-silkworm-year-old mulberry leaves are fed for 3 times (before 8 o ' clock, 2 o ' clock and 9 o ' clock) every day, firstly scattering paraformaldehyde powder or lime powder for disinfection, intermittently windowing for ventilation, then uniformly paving a plastic silkworm net for facilitating net lifting and sand removal, uniformly scattering lime at night, and feeding 3 jin of mulberry leaves in 5 days; spreading lime powder on the 6 th day and the 7 th day, then intermittently ventilating, uniformly spreading lime at night, feeding 5 jin of mulberry leaves on the 6 th day, and feeding 3 jin of mulberry leaves on the 7 th day; in the 8 th day, the first 2 h of 2 sleeps in 22 hours, lime is spread for disinfection, the period is intermittently ventilated, the feed is evenly fed after the 2 th sleep, and the first 2 jin of mulberry leaves/silkworm enters the 3 rd year after the 2 nd sleep; on the 9 th day, a small amount of mulberry leaves are given after lime spreading and then sent to a secondary co-cultivation workshop.
5) 3-year-old cultivation: uniformly spreading 3-year-old silkworms on a 2-bed in a secondary co-breeding workshop on the 10 th day, feeding the 3-year-old silkworms for 3 times (8 o ' clock before, 2 o ' clock before and 9 o ' clock before) every day, and feeding 30 jin of mulberry leaves/silkworm on the 1 st day of the 3-year-old silkworms; spreading lime powder in the morning of 11 days and then feeding mulberry leaves, uniformly expanding a bed board to 4.5 square in the noon, feeding 9 square/silkworm, then spraying 10 jin of mulberry leaves by adding 1 piece of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride into 1 water, feeding silkworm by lime disinfected at night, feeding silkworm by mulberry leaves, spreading 50 jin of mulberry leaves/silkworm on 11 days, spreading lime powder in the morning and evening for disinfection on 12 days, and spreading 20 jin of mulberry leaves/silkworm on 12 days; on day 13, 3 sleeps for 24 hours, and lime powder is periodically scattered.
6) 4-year-old cultivation: spreading lime powder in morning at 14 days, uniformly expanding 6 square/bed board at noon for 12 square/silkworm, spreading 9 square/bed board at night for 18 square/silkworm, spreading lime for disinfection, and spreading about 50 jin of mulberry leaves/silkworm at 14 days; spreading lime powder in the morning of 15 days, spraying 1 ciprofloxacin hydrochloride tablet mixed with 1 jin of water to feed silkworms in the noon, and disinfecting with lime at night, wherein 80 jin of mulberry leaves/silkworm is sprayed in the 15 th day; spreading lime powder in the morning and at night on day 16, wherein 50 jin of mulberry leaves/silkworm is about on day 16; feeding folium Mori in the morning on 17 th day, spreading mulberry lime after silkworm sleep at noon, and allowing silkworm to sleep for 36 hr for 4 days until 19 th day.
7) 5-year-old cultivation: spreading lime for disinfection at 5 am on the 19 th day, feeding mulberry leaves, feeding mulberry farmers for cultivation at 7 am, uniformly spreading on a bed board with 3 square/bed board and 24 square/silkworm seat area, spraying 40 catties of mulberry leaves with 2 silkworm ammonia king (white powder) mixed with water at 4 catties for silkworm feeding at noon, and feeding 50 catties of mulberry leaves at night; in 20 th morning, 60 jin of mulberry leaves are fed after lime powder is spread, 8 bed boards in noon are uniformly full of bed boards, 36 square/silkworm is totally fed, silkworm flies (white liquid) 3 are added with 6 jin of water, 60 jin of mulberry leaves are sprayed for feeding silkworm, and 80 jin of mulberry leaves are fed for feeding silkworm at night; spreading lime powder in the morning and then feeding 80 jin of mulberry leaves on 21 st and 23 th days, spraying 80 jin of mulberry leaves by adding 8 jin of water to 4 jin' an king (white powder) to feed silkworms in the noon, and feeding 90 jin of mulberry leaves to feed silkworms in the evening; spreading lime powder in the morning on 22 nd day and 24 th day, feeding 80 jin of folium Mori, spraying 80 jin of folium Mori with 4 silkworm flies (white liquid) mixed with 8 jin of water at noon, and feeding silkworm at night with 90 jin of folium Mori; and after lime powder is spread in the morning on 25 th day, feeding 80 jin of mulberry leaves, feeding 60 jin of mulberry leaves in the noon, spraying 60 jin of mulberry leaves with 6 jin of water mixed with 6 ecdysone (black liquid) at night for feeding silkworms, and clustering after 6-12 hours, wherein if silkworms eat the mulberry leaves before clustering, the mulberry leaves are cut small, and a small amount of silkworms are continuously fed.
8) Clustering and cocoon picking: 2 silkworm flies (white liquid) are killed per silkworm on the 26 th day before mounting, water is added for 2 jin, the silkworm is directly sprayed, lime is spread around the silkworm, the silkworm excrement and the mulberry are removed, and yellow spot cocoons are prevented; and (3) initially forming windowing ventilation on the cocoon outline at the 27 th day, removing silkworm excrement and silkworm urine residues, and preventing macular cocoons. Continuously windowing to ventilate and cocooning on the 28 th day and cleaning silkworm clamworm urine to prevent macular cocoons; and (3) continuously windowing for ventilation and dehumidification at 29-32 days, wherein generally, silkworms can pupate 6-7 days after cocoons are tufted on spring silkworms and 5-6 days after cocoons are tufted on summer and autumn silkworms, and cocoons are picked after clear sound is produced when the silkworms are shaken after pupation.
Preferably, the temperature of ventilation and heat preservation of the incubating and termite-collecting chamber is 25-28.5 ℃, the relative humidity is 82-88%, the silkworm eggs are evenly distributed in 6 parts per winnowing (1 winnowing is 1 square meter) by using fresh lime powder, 6 silkworm eggs are paved, about 25000 silkworm eggs are laid, the temperature and the humidity are respectively reduced by 1 ℃ in 1-2-year sleep, and lime is scattered twice in the morning and at night in a rainy and humid day.
Preferably, the optimal temperature of 3 years is 26-27 degrees, the optimal temperature of 4 years is 25-26 degrees, the difference between dry and wet is 2, lime is spread twice in the morning and at night in a rainy and humid day, and medicine can not be fed in the noon.
Preferably, the optimal temperature of the 5 th-instar silkworms is 24-26 ℃, the lowest temperature cannot be lower than 20 ℃, the highest temperature cannot exceed 32 ℃, lime is spread twice in the morning and at night in a rainy and humid day, and the silkworms cannot be fed with medicines in the noon.
Preferably, the upper cluster density is calculated by 80% of the total number of paper board square cluster holes, the suitable temperature in the clusters is 24-25 ℃, and the relative humidity is 60-70%.
(III) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a silkworm breeding method, which has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the silkworm breeding method, silkworms in different periods are bred in different breeding environments, first-level factory co-breeding culture is adopted for 1-2 instar young silkworms, second-level workshop co-breeding culture is adopted for 3-4 instar middle silkworms, and 5 instar young silkworms are distributed to a mulberry farmer, a cooperative and a novel agricultural operation main body for decentralized breeding, so that the purpose of reducing breeding difficulty is achieved.
2. According to the silkworm breeding method, 1-2-year-old young silkworms are placed in an incubation ant receiving chamber, and 3-4-year-old silkworms are placed in a secondary co-breeding workshop, so that the silkworms can be bred through special equipment, synchronous development of the silkworms is guaranteed, the different sizes of 5-year-old young silkworms are prevented, the silkworms can spin and cocoon at the same time, the silkworm breeding time of a mulberry farmer is shortened, and the yield and the quality of the silkworm cocoons of the mulberry farmer are improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example (b):
1) primary culture: 1. silkworm egg protection and incubation: the incubation and termite-collecting chamber is disinfected and ventilated in advance, the temperature is 26 ℃, the dry-wet difference is 2 ℃ (the relative humidity is 82%), and the silkworm eggs are immediately placed in the incubation chamber to be protected when arriving at home. Two days before the day of collecting ants, flexible moisture absorption grass paper is spread on the silkworm dustpan, 6 parts/dustpan (1 dustpan is 1 square meter) is uniformly distributed by fresh lime powder, 6 silkworm eggs are spread on the silkworm dustpan (about 25000 eggs are laid on each silkworm egg, and the silkworm eggs are directly purchased), an ant and silkworm net is covered, the silkworm is subjected to accelerated hatching for two days under the protection of darkness, the temperature is kept at 25.5 ℃, and the dry-wet difference is 1.5 (the relative humidity is 86%).
2) Harvesting ants: and (3) black and dark protection is carried out on day 1 to 4 and a half to 5 points in the morning and at night (the light sensing time is determined in the morning and at night) of the third day, 20% of ant silkworms are found, silkworm eggs become grey white, the black curtain is pulled open, the lamp is turned on, the light sensing is carried out for 3 to 4 hours, the spring silkworms are 9 am, the summer and autumn silkworms are collected at 7 to 8 am, the ant collecting temperature is 26 ℃, and the dry and wet difference is 1.5 (the relative humidity is 85%): firstly, spreading fresh lime powder → spreading a ant collecting net → uniformly feeding a small amount of first mulberry leaves (cutting 2 times the size of a 1.5 layer of newly-hatched silkworms and about 0.6 two silkworms/silkworm) → raising the temperature to 28.5 ℃, closing a door and window with a dry-wet difference of 0.5 (relative humidity of 88%) → lifting the upper layer of the small silkworm net for winnowing after 1 hour, 1 winnowing/silkworm, 0.3 of silkworm seat area 0.4 ═ 0.12 square → 11 am windowing ventilation and formaldehyde powder sterilization, then uniformly feeding mulberry leaves (cutting 1 layer), closing the door and window, preserving heat and preserving moisture → 4 pm windowing ventilation and ventilation, uniformly expanding the silkworm seat to 0.5 square, uniformly feeding the mulberry leaves 2 layer → closing the door and window, preserving heat and preserving moisture → 9 pm windowing ventilation and lime ventilation and then uniformly feeding the mulberry leaves 2 layer → closing the door and window, preserving heat and preserving moisture. About 1 jin of mulberry leaves/silkworm on the 1 st day of 1 year old.
3) 1-year-old cultivation: spreading lime powder through window opening ventilation at 6 am in the morning, uniformly feeding a mulberry leaf layer 2 → cooling to 28 ℃, closing a door and window with a dry-wet difference of 1 (relative humidity 85%), preserving heat and moisture, → opening a window at 11 am for ventilation, fully spreading the whole silkworm shit, uniformly feeding a mulberry layer 2 → closing a door and window with a heat and moisture preservation → opening a window at 4 am for ventilation, uniformly feeding a mulberry layer 2 → closing a door and window with a heat and moisture preservation → spreading lime powder through window opening ventilation at 9 pm, uniformly feeding a mulberry layer 2 → closing a door and window with a heat and moisture preservation. About 2.5 jin sang Ye on day 2 of 1 year old. Spreading lime powder for window opening ventilation at 6 am in the 3 rd morning, uniformly feeding a mulberry leaf 2 layer → closing a door and window for heat preservation and moisture preservation → 11 am in the morning for window opening ventilation, fully spreading the whole silkworm dustpan, uniformly feeding a mulberry 2 layer → closing a door and window for heat preservation and moisture preservation → 4 am in the morning for window opening ventilation, uniformly feeding a mulberry 2 layer → closing a door and window for heat preservation and moisture preservation → spreading lime powder for window opening ventilation at 9 pm, uniformly feeding a mulberry 2 layer → silkworm for cooling 1 to 27-DEG dry-wet difference 2 (relative humidity 82%) in sleep, and closing the door and window for heat preservation and moisture preservation. About 1.5 jin sang Ye on the 3 rd day of 1 year old. The silkworm head 90% of silkworm excrement on the morning on the 4 th day, the silkworm body is back of silkworm excrement, the silkworm body is transparent and large, the color is changed into yellow of fried millet, the silkworm is stopped eating the mulberry, the silkworm moves still and enters 1-year-old sleep like sleeping, the window is opened for ventilation → the thick lime powder is scattered to stop the mulberry (the aim is that the silkworm without sleep and the silkworm in the morning are not eaten individually, the development is consistent, and the silkworm body can be dehumidified and disinfected), the temperature keeps 27 degrees of dry-wet difference 2 (relative humidity 78%) → closing the door and window for heat preservation and moisture preservation → 12 hours later, the temperature keeps 27 degrees of dry-wet difference 1.5 (relative humidity 85%) after 1 hour of dormancy, the 1 hour of dormancy time is about 24 hours, and the silkworm 1 in the morning enters 2 years of dormancy on the next day.
4) 2-year-old cultivation: the method comprises the following steps of 1, sleeping in 6 am, entering a head of 2 years old, raising, creeping, blackening the head, widening the mouth, firstly spreading paraformaldehyde powder or lime powder for disinfection, windowing for ventilation → uniformly spreading 4 plastic silkworm nets → uniformly feeding mulberry leaves → uniformly feeding the mulberry leaves → closing the door and window with 27-DEG dry-wet difference 2 (relative humidity 83%), insulating and moisturizing, opening the window at 11 am for ventilation, lifting the net for removing sand, uniformly dividing for 4 winnowing, uniformly feeding the mulberry leaves → closing the door and window for insulating and moisturizing → opening the window at 4 pm for ventilation and expanding the seat, uniformly feeding the mulberry leaves → closing the door and window for insulating and moisturizing → opening the window at 9 pm for ventilation and ventilating, fully spreading the whole silkworm, spreading lime, and uniformly feeding the mulberry leaves → closing the door and window for insulating and moisturizing. About 3 jin sang Ye on the 1 st day of 2 years old. Spreading lime powder in 6 morning, windowing, ventilating → uniformly feeding mulberry leaves → closing doors and windows with temperature of 27 ℃ dry-wet difference 2 (relative humidity 83%), keeping warm and moisture → 11 morning windowing, uniformly feeding mulberry leaves → closing doors and windows, keeping warm and moisture → 4 afternoon, windowing, ventilating, uniformly feeding mulberry leaves → closing doors and windows, keeping warm and moisture → 9 night, windowing, ventilating, spreading lime, uniformly feeding mulberry leaves → closing doors and windows, keeping warm and moisture. About 5 jin sang Ye on the 2 nd day of 2 years old. Spreading lime powder at 6 am in the 7 th day, windowing, ventilating and feeding folium mori → uniformly feeding folium mori → the temperature of 27 ℃ dry-wet difference 2 (relative humidity 83%), closing the door and window for heat preservation and moisture preservation → silkworm at 1 am, raising the head, enabling the color of the silkworm body to become light and transparent, fixing the silkworm with 50% silking, windowing, ventilating and air-exchanging, uniformly feeding a small amount of mulberry → closing the door and window for heat preservation and moisture preservation → less eating and unclean which are obviously eaten by the folium mori at 9 pm, raising more than 90% of the silkworm head to be inactive, starting spreading mulberry quicklime → the temperature of 27 ℃ dry-wet difference 2 (relative humidity 78) → 12 hours, and then spreading the temperature of 27 ℃ dry-wet difference 1.5 (relative humidity 83). About 3 jin sang on the 3 rd day of age 2. Spreading lime powder at 6 am in the 7 th day, windowing, ventilating and feeding folium mori → uniformly feeding folium mori → the temperature of 27 ℃ dry-wet difference 2 (relative humidity 83%), closing the door and window for heat preservation and moisture preservation → silkworm at 1 am, raising the head, enabling the color of the silkworm body to become light and transparent, fixing the silkworm with 50% silking, windowing, ventilating and air-exchanging, uniformly feeding a small amount of mulberry → closing the door and window for heat preservation and moisture preservation → less eating and unclean which are obviously eaten by the folium mori at 9 pm, raising more than 90% of the silkworm head to be inactive, starting spreading mulberry quicklime → the temperature of 27 ℃ dry-wet difference 2 (relative humidity 78) → 12 hours, and then spreading the temperature of 27 ℃ dry-wet difference 1.5 (relative humidity 83). About 3 jin sang on the 3 rd day of age 2. And 5, spreading lime in the morning of 9 days, and then feeding a small amount of mulberry leaves → sending to a secondary co-cultivation workshop.
Note that: firstly, lime is regularly spread for stopping mulberry during sleep, young silkworm paraformaldehyde powder is spread during sleep, the mulberry needs to be slightly reduced before sleep, 4 times (6 points, 11 points, 4 points and 8 points) are fed for 1 year every day, 3 times (8 points, 2 points and 9 points) are fed for 2 years every day, the mulberry needs to be uniformly fed for each time, and the purposes that the temperature and the humidity during sleep can be simultaneously reduced by 1 degree, and lime is spread twice in the morning and at night in rainy and humid days are ensured.
5) 3-year-old cultivation: and (3) in the morning of 10 days, the silkworm seedlings are immediately and uniformly spread on a 2-bed, namely 3 squares/bed board (6 squares/silkworm) → lime powder sprinkling → mulberry leaves feeding (morning) → mulberry leaves feeding at noon → firstly lime sprinkling and then mulberry leaves feeding in the evening. About 30 jin of mulberry leaves/silkworm on the 1 st day of 3 years old. After spreading lime powder in the morning of 11 days, feeding mulberry leaves → 2 bed boards at noon to uniformly expand to 4.5 square, and feeding 10 jin of mulberry leaves with 1 ciprofloxacin hydrochloride mixed with 1 jin of water to feed silkworms → feeding silkworms with the mulberry leaves after lime disinfection at night. About 50 jin of mulberry leaves/silkworm on the 2 nd day of 3 years old. And (3) after lime powder is spread in the morning of 12 days, feeding mulberry leaves → feeding the mulberry leaves at noon → disinfecting with lime in the evening, the silkworms sleep, and a small amount of the mulberry leaves are fed to the silkworms. About 20 jin of mulberry leaves/silkworm on the 3 rd day of 3 years old. And 3, sleeping on day 13, and then, spreading lime powder, and sleeping for about 24 hours.
6) 4-year-old cultivation: and (3) spreading a small amount of lime powder in the morning on mulberry leaves → 6 squares/bed board for uniformly expanding at noon, wherein 12 squares/silkworm are used, spreading 9 squares/bed board for fully expanding at night, and 18 squares/silkworm are used, spreading lime for disinfection, and feeding silkworm with mulberry leaves. About 50 jin of mulberry leaves/silkworm on the 1 st day of 4 years old. And (3) after spreading lime powder in the morning on the 15 th day, feeding mulberry leaves → spraying 1 jin of mulberry leaves with 1 ciprofloxacin hydrochloride in water at noon for feeding silkworms → 9 th day for disinfecting lime, and feeding silkworms with the mulberry leaves. About 80 jin of mulberry leaves/silkworm on day 2 of 4 years old. And 5, after lime powder is spread in the morning of 16 days, feeding mulberry leaves → feeding the mulberry leaves at noon → feeding the silkworms at night to sterilize the sleeping lime, and then feeding a small amount of the mulberry leaves. About 50 jin of mulberry leaves/silkworm on the 3 rd day of 4 years old. The 17 th morning silkworm will sleep a little mulberry leaves → the noon silkworm will sleep and spread the lime of mulberry, about 20 jin mulberry leaves/silkworm on the 4 th day of the 4 th age. 4 sleep for about 36 hours. And (5) in the morning, the mulberry leaves are watered with lime for disinfection at 5 points, and the mulberry leaves are fed to mulberry farmers for cultivation at 7 points after a small amount of the mulberry leaves are fed.
Note that: optimum temperature of 26-27 ℃ for 3 years, optimum temperature of 25-26 ℃ for 4 years, dry-wet difference of 2, 9 square silkworms on rearing bed of 3 years, 18 square silkworms on rearing bed of 4 years, ensuring that silkworms fed on thin seats keep ventilation and air-changing freshness (cooling, dehumidifying and disinfecting), feeding 3 times per day (8 o ' clock before, 2 o ' clock before and 9 o ' clock before), uniformly feeding mulberry each time, ensuring that lime can be scattered twice in the morning and evening in rainy and humid days, and feeding good mulberry at noon
7) 5-year-old cultivation: every silkworm seedling on the 19 th day is immediately and uniformly spread on 8 bed boards of 2 beds, 3 square/bed board, 24 square/silkworm seats in total, lime powder → 30 jin of mulberry leaves (on the morning) → noon, 40 jin of mulberry leaves are sprayed with 2 silkworm ammonia king (white powder) and 4 jin of water, and the silkworm is fed → 50 jin of mulberry leaves are fed at night. Note that: the fresh air of the windows is always kept during the cultivation process of the 5 th old silkworm. After spreading lime powder in the morning of 20 days, feeding 60 jin of mulberry leaves → 8 bed boards at noon, wherein the bed boards are all uniformly full of 36 square/silkworm, spraying 60 jin of mulberry leaves with 3 silkworm flies (white liquid) mixed with 6 jin of water to feed silkworms → 80 jin of mulberry leaves to feed silkworms at night. And after spreading lime powder in the morning on day 21, feeding 80 catties of mulberry leaves → spraying 80 catties of mulberry leaves with 8 catties of water by 4 silkworm Anwang (white powder) in noon for feeding silkworms → feeding 90 catties of mulberry leaves in evening. And after lime powder is spread in the morning of 22 days, 80 jin of mulberry leaves are fed → 4 silkworm flies (white liquid) are used for killing silkworm flies at noon, 80 jin of mulberry leaves are sprayed with 8 jin of water for feeding silkworms → 90 jin of mulberry leaves are fed at night. And after spreading lime powder in the morning of 23 days, feeding 80 catties of mulberry leaves → spraying 80 catties of mulberry leaves with 8 catties of water by 4 silkworm Anwang (white powder) at noon and feeding silkworms → feeding 90 catties of mulberry leaves at night. After spreading lime powder in the morning of 24 days, feeding 80 jin of mulberry leaves → spraying 80 jin of mulberry leaves with 4 silkworm flies (white liquid) mixed with 8 jin of water to feed silkworms → 90 jin of mulberry leaves to feed silkworms in the evening. After lime powder is spread in the morning of 25 days, 80 jin of mulberry leaves are fed → 60 jin of mulberry leaves are fed in the noon → 5-10 transparent mature silkworms are found on each bed board in the evening, 6 ecdysone (black liquid) is added with 6 jin of water to spray 60 jin of mulberry leaves to feed the silkworms (the silkworms are enabled to be orderly mature and orderly clustered and cocooned) for 6-12 hours, and if the silkworms before clustering eat the mulberry leaves, the mulberry leaves are cut small and fed a small amount of silkworms continuously.
Note that: the method comprises the following steps of firstly, controlling the optimal temperature to be 24-26 ℃, controlling the temperature to be not lower than 20 ℃ at the lowest, controlling the temperature to be not higher than 32 ℃, controlling the silkworm seat to be 36-45 square per silkworm, ensuring that the silkworms are fed on the dilute seat (each silkworm is provided with a place with the size of 3 silkworms for movably eating the silkworms), opening the window, keeping ventilation air fresh (cooling, dehumidifying and disinfecting), feeding the silkworms 3 times a day (8 o ' clock, 2 o ' clock and 9 o ' clock), ensuring that the silkworms are uniformly fed every time, ensuring that the worms can be simultaneously sprayed twice in the morning and evening on a rainy humid day, and the silkworms can not be fed with medicine at noon, and can not be fed with thick green fresh big leaves, bottom mud leaves, yellow leaves, worm leaves and worm-mouth leaves. The top 5-6 leaves should not be picked and should be kept for tree cultivation. Collecting leaves in the morning or evening, loosening, spreading on flower shed, and covering with wet cloth to prevent deterioration due to heat. And blowing the mulberry leaves dry and then feeding the mulberry leaves. When the mulberry leaves are dry and wrinkled due to water shortage, a proper amount of water is sprayed to the mulberry leaves.
8) Clustering and cocoon picking: 6-12 hours after feeding ecdysone on the 26 th day, 2 silkworm flies (white liquid) are used for killing/opening silkworms before mounting, 2 jin of water is added, boiled silkworms are directly sprayed → plastic silkworm nets are lifted (an automatic bed 2 is combined with a bed 1, 8 bed boards are combined into 4 bed boards, the ground culture is combined into 20 square parts) → four-side folding plastic silkworm nets, the boiled silkworms are concentrated to the width of a checkered paper board cluster → the boiled silkworms are uniformly spread and uniformly distributed in height → a yellow silkworm mounting net is laid → lime is scattered around to isolate the boiled silkworms to climb disorderly → the bottoms of the checkered clusters are contacted with the boiled silkworms by 1 cm or hung above a silkworm bed → the boiled silkworms are automatically mounted (the silkworms are not clustered, the cocooning is manually assisted and the density of the boiled silkworms is strictly prevented from being stuffy after being mounted for 6-10 hours); or manually tufting, namely directly spreading the square cocooning frames on the mature silkworms → allowing the mature silkworms to climb on the square cocooning frames by 70 percent, hanging the square cocooning frames, turning over the cocooning frames in time → lifting the square cocooning frames by 30 centimeters → removing the residual silkworm excrement and preventing the yellow spot cocoons. On the 1 st day of clustering, dark light is needed to avoid direct blowing of strong wind. In the morning of 27 days, the outline of cocoons is preliminarily formed → the windowing is required to be immediately kept for ventilation and moisture removal, natural uniform radiation light is kept → the game of wild silkworms is caught, the fallen silkworms are picked up, in addition, the square cocooning frame is placed for cocooning → the square cocooning frame is lifted for 30 centimeters above ground → the silkworm excrement is removed, and the yellow spot cocoons are prevented. Continuously windowing to ventilate and cocooning on the 28 th day → cleaning the silkworm clamworm urine to prevent macular cocoons. Continuously windowing, ventilating and dehumidifying on the 29 th day, the 30 th day and the 31 th day → the silkworm pupae and swaying the silkworm cocoons to have clear sound, and an auditory company informs the collectable cocoons of firstly picking and lightly dropping the cocoons, not pinching and deforming, firstly picking thin-skinned cocoons and throwing away dead cocoons, secondly picking macular cocoon malformed cocoons, thirdly picking double-cocoon cocoons and lastly picking good cocoons. And (3) separately spreading the macular cocoon malformed cocoons, the double-cocoon cocoons and the good cocoons on a dry and ventilated silkworm bed or in a sieve, wherein the thickness of the macular cocoon malformed cocoons, the double-cocoon cocoons and the good cocoons cannot exceed 5 cm, and respectively putting the macular cocoons, the double-cocoon malformed cocoons and the good cocoons into macroporous mesh bags for sale when the companies inform to. Woven bags and dirty bags are forbidden to contain the silkworm cocoons, and the silkworm cocoons are forbidden to be stacked in excess of the specified thickness. The silkworm can pupate in the 30 th-32 th days after the silkworm is clustered and cocooned in spring and 5-6 days after the silkworm is clustered in summer and autumn, and the silkworm cocoon can be picked and sold after the silkworm cocoon is shaken to be clear and loud.
Note that: firstly, in order to prevent double-cocoon yellow-spot cocoons, the tufting density is calculated according to 80 percent of the total number of paper board check-tufting holes. Each silkworm has to prepare 12 × 13 ═ 156 × 80 ═ 29952 cocoons in 240 pieces of square cardboard cluster. 1 silkworm is bred, and the area of the upper cocooning room is about 15 square meters. When the user gets into a cluster, the ventilation is better or denser, and the ventilation is weaker or thinner. Secondly, as the mature silkworms have quick and slow excrement and urine discharge, the mature silkworms can drill holes to form cocoons only after completely discharging excrement and urine, and continuously climb up when not discharging the excrement and urine, the cocoons are turned over in due time on the 1 st day of cocooning according to the cocooning condition of the mature silkworms. And thirdly, on the day 2 of tufting, when most of the mature silkworms begin to drill holes to spin cocoons, the contour of the cocoons is formed, and the silkworms can also be seen to spin cocoons, namely → the windows are opened to ventilate and drain moisture → the floating silkworms of the wild silkworms are caught, the fallen silkworms are picked up, and in addition, the square-tufting cocoons are placed for cocooning. Fourthly, on the 1 st day of tufting, strong wind can not be blown directly to prevent the ripe silkworms from being dense in one direction, but on the 2 nd day of tufting, after the contour of the cocoons is formed, windows are opened immediately for ventilation and moisture removal, the silkworm excrement and residual mulberry are cleaned, and the yellow spot cocoons are prevented. And fifthly, on the 1 st day of tufting, silkworms like uniform dark light, strong light polarization needs to be prevented, on the 2 nd day of tufting, when most of the mature silkworms begin to drill holes and spin cocoons, and after the cocoons are formed in outline, windows are opened for ventilation, and natural uniform radiation light is kept. Sixthly, the proper temperature in the cocooning is 24-25 ℃, the temperature is slightly higher on the 1 st day of cocooning, and the temperature is slightly lower after the outline of the cocoons is formed on the cocoons on the 2 nd day of cocooning until the cocoons are picked. The temperature in the cluster must be kept constant, otherwise the cocoon silk sericin and silk quality are abnormally changed, and the cocoon silk quality is reduced. If the temperature is lower than 20 ℃, the temperature needs to be increased, if the temperature is higher than 32 ℃, the temperature needs to be reduced, otherwise the number of non-cocoon-bearing silkworms and dead silkworms is increased. Seventhly, wet in clusters can cause yellow cocoon and even dead silkworm, and the yield and quality of the silkworm cocoon are seriously influenced. Therefore, the relative humidity in the clusters is preferably 60-70%, and the window is specially required to be opened for ventilation and humidity removal on the day 2, and the silkworm excrement and residual mulberry are cleaned and subjected to humidity removal.
Cocoon picking cautions: firstly, lightly picking and lightly putting without pinching deformation, firstly picking thin-skinned cocoons and throwing away dead silkworms, then picking macular cocoon malformation cocoons, then picking double-cocoon cocoons, and finally picking good cocoons. And (3) separately spreading the macular cocoon malformed cocoons, the double-cocoon cocoons and the good cocoons on a dry and ventilated silkworm bed or in a sieve, wherein the thickness of the macular cocoon malformed cocoons, the double-cocoon cocoons and the good cocoons cannot exceed 5 cm, and respectively putting the macular cocoons, the double-cocoon malformed cocoons and the good cocoons into macroporous mesh bags for sale when the companies inform to. Woven bags and dirty bags are forbidden to contain the silkworm cocoons, and the silkworm cocoons are forbidden to be stacked in excess of the specified thickness.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that silkworms in different periods are separately cultured, and 1-4-year silkworms with higher living environment requirements are raised by using special equipment, so that the difficulty in raising the silkworms is reduced, the synchronous development of the silkworms is ensured, the different sizes of 5-year-old silkworms are prevented, the silkworms can spin and form cocoons at the same time, the silkworm raising time of a mulberry farmer is shortened, and the yield and the quality of the silkworm cocoons of the mulberry farmer are improved.
Typical cases are as follows: the company greatly mobilizes the enthusiasm of farmers and cooperative companies for developing the mulberry silkworm industry by implementing a new mode of 'mulberry garden-agriculture-enterprise co-construction', 'wide-row mulberry cultivation' and '127 three-section silkworm breeding', and at present, 1.5 ten thousand mu of mulberry are planted in 46 villages of 8 towns such as a Song county paper house town, a rice slope town, a large lawn town, a nine-year town, a lake town, a large stamp town, a Deltao town, an old county town and the like to build a first-level co-breeding workshop 1, a second-level co-breeding workshop 7, a third-level breeding greenhouse 450, 5000 cultivated silkworms, 2000 RMB of which have direct output value of 2000 ten thousand Yuan are realized, 780 poor households and nearly 3000 households are driven to smoothly realize poverty removal and income increase, and mulberry cultivation, silkworm cultivation in the same year and effect in the same year are realized.
The large-area popularization of the novel technology of the ' mulberry garden and agricultural enterprise co-construction ', ' wide row mulberry planting ' and ' 127 three-stage silkworm breeding ' novel modes greatly mobilizes the positivity of mulberry planting and silkworm breeding by the mulberry garden and agricultural enterprise co-construction ', and improves the labor efficiency; through the popularization of a new technology of 'wide-row mulberry planting', the narrow row spacing and the thin plant spacing of the traditional mulberry field are changed, agricultural machinery cannot enter the mulberry field for operation, field management such as fertilizer application, weeding, pruning and intertillage of the mulberry field takes time and labor, 2 m wide rows and 0.33 m close plant spacing are adopted, modernized machinery is convenient to enter the mulberry field for operation under the condition that the total number of cultivated mulberry plants in each mu of the mulberry field is not changed, the management costs of fertilizer application, weeding, pruning, intertillage and the like of the mulberry field are greatly saved, labor is saved, 12 labor can be saved every mu of the mulberry field every year, and the management cost is reduced by 1200 yuan; through the technical popularization of 127 three-section silkworm breeding, the technical difficulty of silkworm breeding by mulberry growers is reduced, the silkworm breeding time by the mulberry growers is shortened, the silkworms can form cocoons only in seven days, the yield of the silkworm cocoons can be increased by 35 kilograms per mu every year, the income is directly increased by 1400 yuan, the economic benefit can be increased by about 2600 yuan per mu every year, and the economic benefit, the ecological benefit and the social benefit are obvious.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. The silkworm breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) primary culture: disinfecting and ventilating a hatching and termite-collecting chamber in advance, paving soft hygroscopic straw paper on the silkworm dustpan before the silkworm eggs are placed in the hatching chamber for protection, then paving fresh lime powder on the silkworm dustpan, then covering an ant silkworm net, and performing black protection and green-hastening for two days.
2) Harvesting ants: turning on a lamp for light sensing for 3-4 hours until the third day of dark protection, starting spring silkworms from 9 am, starting summer and autumn silkworms from 7 am, then firstly scattering fresh lime powder → paving an ant collecting net → uniformly feeding a small amount of first mulberry leaves → finishing light sensing → lifting an upper layer of a small silkworm net for winnowing → then scattering small silkworm paraformaldehyde powder for disinfection, then uniformly feeding the mulberry leaves, simultaneously carrying out intermittent ventilation and heat preservation, and entering a heat preservation state at night.
3) 1-year-old cultivation: continuously windowing and ventilating silkworms of 1 year on the 2 nd day and the 3 rd day, and scattering lime powder to ensure that silkworms of 1 year are uniformly fed for 4 times (6 points, 11 points, 4 points and 8 points) every day, and are fed with 2.5 catties of mulberry leaves on the 2 nd day and 1.5 catties of mulberry leaves on the third day; in the 1 st-year sleep of 24 hours in the 4 th day, windows are opened for ventilation, thick lime powder is scattered to stop mulberry, silkworms which do not sleep and have early sleep do not eat the mulberry, the development is kept consistent, the silkworms are enabled to dehumidify and disinfect, the continuous heat preservation is ensured for 12 hours, and the next day is 2 years.
4) 2-year-old cultivation: feeding 2-silkworm-year-old mulberry leaves for 1 day in 5 days, ensuring that the 2-silkworm-year-old mulberry leaves are fed for 3 times (before 8 o ' clock, 2 o ' clock and 9 o ' clock) every day, firstly scattering paraformaldehyde powder or lime powder for disinfection, intermittently windowing for ventilation, then uniformly paving a plastic silkworm net for facilitating net lifting and sand removal, uniformly scattering lime at night, and feeding 3 jin of mulberry leaves in 5 days; spreading lime powder on the 6 th day and the 7 th day, then intermittently ventilating, uniformly spreading lime at night, feeding 5 jin of mulberry leaves on the 6 th day, and feeding 3 jin of mulberry leaves on the 7 th day; in the 8 th day, the first 2 h of 2 sleeps in 22 hours, lime is spread for disinfection, the period is intermittently ventilated, the feed is evenly fed after the 2 th sleep, and the first 2 jin of mulberry leaves/silkworm enters the 3 rd year after the 2 nd sleep; on the 9 th day, a small amount of mulberry leaves are given after lime spreading and then sent to a secondary co-cultivation workshop.
5) 3-year-old cultivation: uniformly spreading 3-year-old silkworms on a 2-bed in a secondary co-breeding workshop on the 10 th day, feeding the 3-year-old silkworms for 3 times (8 o ' clock before, 2 o ' clock before and 9 o ' clock before) every day, and feeding 30 jin of mulberry leaves/silkworm on the 1 st day of the 3-year-old silkworms; spreading lime powder in the morning of 11 days and then feeding mulberry leaves, uniformly expanding a bed board to 4.5 square in the noon, feeding 9 square/silkworm, then spraying 10 jin of mulberry leaves by adding 1 piece of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride into 1 water, feeding silkworm by lime disinfected at night, feeding silkworm by mulberry leaves, spreading 50 jin of mulberry leaves/silkworm on 11 days, spreading lime powder in the morning and evening for disinfection on 12 days, and spreading 20 jin of mulberry leaves/silkworm on 12 days; on day 13, 3 sleeps for 24 hours, and lime powder is periodically scattered.
6) 4-year-old cultivation: spreading lime powder in morning at 14 days, uniformly expanding 6 square/bed board at noon for 12 square/silkworm, spreading 9 square/bed board at night for 18 square/silkworm, spreading lime for disinfection, and spreading about 50 jin of mulberry leaves/silkworm at 14 days; spreading lime powder in the morning of 15 days, spraying 1 ciprofloxacin hydrochloride tablet mixed with 1 jin of water to feed silkworms in the noon, and disinfecting with lime at night, wherein 80 jin of mulberry leaves/silkworm is sprayed in the 15 th day; spreading lime powder in the morning and at night on day 16, wherein 50 jin of mulberry leaves/silkworm is about on day 16; feeding folium Mori in the morning on 17 th day, spreading mulberry lime after silkworm sleep at noon, and allowing silkworm to sleep for 36 hr for 4 days until 19 th day.
7) 5-year-old cultivation: spreading lime for disinfection at 5 am on the 19 th day, feeding mulberry leaves, feeding mulberry farmers for cultivation at 7 am, uniformly spreading on a bed board with 3 square/bed board and 24 square/silkworm seat area, spraying 40 catties of mulberry leaves with 2 silkworm ammonia king (white powder) mixed with water at 4 catties for silkworm feeding at noon, and feeding 50 catties of mulberry leaves at night; in 20 th morning, 60 jin of mulberry leaves are fed after lime powder is spread, 8 bed boards in noon are uniformly full of bed boards, 36 square/silkworm is totally fed, silkworm flies (white liquid) 3 are added with 6 jin of water, 60 jin of mulberry leaves are sprayed for feeding silkworm, and 80 jin of mulberry leaves are fed for feeding silkworm at night; spreading lime powder in the morning and then feeding 80 jin of mulberry leaves on 21 st and 23 th days, spraying 80 jin of mulberry leaves by adding 8 jin of water to 4 jin' an king (white powder) to feed silkworms in the noon, and feeding 90 jin of mulberry leaves to feed silkworms in the evening; spreading lime powder in the morning on 22 nd day and 24 th day, feeding 80 jin of folium Mori, spraying 80 jin of folium Mori with 4 silkworm flies (white liquid) mixed with 8 jin of water at noon, and feeding silkworm at night with 90 jin of folium Mori; and after lime powder is spread in the morning on 25 th day, feeding 80 jin of mulberry leaves, feeding 60 jin of mulberry leaves in the noon, spraying 60 jin of mulberry leaves with 6 jin of water mixed with 6 ecdysone (black liquid) at night for feeding silkworms, and clustering after 6-12 hours, wherein if silkworms eat the mulberry leaves before clustering, the mulberry leaves are cut small, and a small amount of silkworms are continuously fed.
8) Clustering and cocoon picking: 2 silkworm flies (white liquid) are killed per silkworm on the 26 th day before mounting, water is added for 2 jin, the silkworm is directly sprayed, lime is spread around the silkworm, the silkworm excrement and the mulberry are removed, and yellow spot cocoons are prevented; windowing ventilation is formed on the cocoon outline initially on the 27 th day, silkworm excrement residual silkworm urine is removed, yellow-spot cocoons are prevented, windowing ventilation cocooning is continued on the 28 th day, and silkworm excrement urine is cleaned to prevent yellow-spot cocoons; and (3) continuously windowing for ventilation and dehumidification at 29-32 days, wherein generally, silkworms can pupate 6-7 days after cocoons are tufted on spring silkworms and 5-6 days after cocoons are tufted on summer and autumn silkworms, and cocoons are picked after clear sound is produced when the silkworms are shaken after pupation.
2. The silkworm breeding method according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature of ventilation and heat preservation of the incubation and ant receiving chamber is 25-28.5 ℃, the relative humidity is 82-88%, the silkworm eggs are evenly distributed in 6 parts per winnow (1 winnow is 1 square meter) by using fresh lime powder, 6 silkworm eggs are paved, the temperature and the humidity are respectively reduced by 1 ℃ in 1-2-year sleep, and lime is spread twice in the morning and evening in a rainy and humid day.
3. The silkworm breeding method according to claim 1, wherein: the optimal temperature of 3 years old is 26-27 ℃, the optimal temperature of 4 years old is 25-26 ℃, the difference of dryness and wetness is 2, lime is spread twice in the morning and at the evening on a rainy and humid day, and medicine can not be fed in the noon.
4. The silkworm breeding method according to claim 1, wherein: the optimal temperature of the 5-year-old silkworms is 24-26 ℃, the lowest temperature cannot be lower than 20 ℃, the highest temperature cannot exceed 32 ℃, lime is spread twice in the morning and at night in a rainy and humid day, and the silkworms cannot be fed with medicines in the noon.
5. The silkworm breeding method according to claim 1, wherein: the upper tufting density is calculated by 80 percent of the total number of paper board square-tufting holes, the suitable temperature in the tufts is 24-25 ℃, and the relative humidity is 60-70 percent.
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| CN116158410A (en) * | 2023-04-18 | 2023-05-26 | 莒县海通茧丝绸有限公司 | Automatic clustering method for free-picking wild silkworms |
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