CN112021099A - Planting method for agricultural and sideline products of melons and fruits - Google Patents
Planting method for agricultural and sideline products of melons and fruits Download PDFInfo
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- CN112021099A CN112021099A CN202010908276.5A CN202010908276A CN112021099A CN 112021099 A CN112021099 A CN 112021099A CN 202010908276 A CN202010908276 A CN 202010908276A CN 112021099 A CN112021099 A CN 112021099A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
- A01G9/1407—Greenhouses of flexible synthetic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
- A01G9/1438—Covering materials therefor; Materials for protective coverings used for soil and plants, e.g. films, canopies, tunnels or cloches
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/247—Watering arrangements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a method for planting agricultural and sideline products of melons and fruits, which comprises the steps of selecting sites of a greenhouse, and constructing the sites which are exposed to the sun, sheltered from wind, dry, well drained and free of soil infectious diseases; building a greenhouse, selecting a greenhouse film and a greenhouse framework, needing to make damp-proof and windproof facilities before the greenhouse is built, and mounting the greenhouse framework and then buckling the film when the greenhouse is built; the greenhouse planting management and control equipment is installed, and spraying equipment, temperature control equipment, ventilation equipment, monitoring equipment and irrigation equipment in the greenhouse are prepared. According to the invention, by arranging the intelligent temperature greenhouse and the greenhouse control equipment, the effect of melon and fruit planting automation is realized by utilizing the progress of the existing network technology, the planting method does not need to consider the planting season of melons and fruits, and can simulate the temperature, humidity and various parameters of melon and fruit planting, thereby realizing the purpose of melon and fruit planting in four seasons.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a planting method of agricultural and sideline products of melons and fruits.
Background
The agriculture is an industry for obtaining products by artificial cultivation by utilizing growth and development rules of animals and plants, belongs to the first industry, the science of researching the agriculture is the agriculture, the working object of the agriculture is living animals and plants, the obtained products are the animals and plants, the agriculture is the basic industry for supporting the construction and development of national economy, the agriculture is an important industrial department in the national economy, the agriculture is a department taking land resources as a production object, the industry is used for producing food and industrial raw materials by cultivating animal and plant products, the agriculture belongs to the first industry, the department for planting and producing by using the land resources is the planting industry, the department for carrying out aquaculture by using the water area space on the land is the water industry, also called the fishery, the department for cultivating and cutting trees by using the land resources is the forestry, the department for cultivating the land resources or directly developing the pasture.
The planting industry is one of the main components of agriculture, which is an agricultural production department for cultivating various crops and obtaining plant products, a social production department for obtaining grains, subsidiary food, feed and industrial raw materials by artificial cultivation by utilizing the living functions of plants, comprises the cultivation of various crops, woods, fruit trees, medicinal plants, ornamental plants and the like, and horticultural crops such as grain crops, economic crops, vegetable crops, green manure crops, feed crops, pasture, flowers and the like, the planting industry occupies a special important position in the whole agriculture and is the basis of the whole agriculture because only green plants can absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and absorb inorganic salt and water from soil, solar energy is converted into organic functions by photosynthesis, the inorganic matters are converted into organic matters, the melon and fruit planting has a large proportion in China, but a plurality of melons and fruits are required to be planted in seasons, the melon and fruit type agricultural byproduct planting method can not simulate melon and fruit environment to carry out four-season planting, the existing melon and fruit type agricultural byproduct planting method is suitable for season planting, the limitation of environment temperature is large, four-season long-term planting cannot be carried out, and moreover, melons and fruits are easily damaged by external environmental factors in the planting process to cause unnecessary economic loss.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for planting melon and fruit agricultural byproducts, which solves the problems that the existing method for planting the melon and fruit agricultural byproducts adopts season-dependent planting, has large environmental temperature limitation, can not be used for planting in four seasons for a long time, and melons and fruits are easily damaged by external environmental factors in the planting process to cause unnecessary economic loss.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a planting method of melon and fruit agricultural and sideline products comprises the following steps of 1): selecting a site of the greenhouse, and constructing the site by selecting a place which is exposed to the sun, sheltered from the wind, dried, well drained and free of soil infectious diseases;
step 2): building a greenhouse, selecting a greenhouse film and a greenhouse framework, needing to make damp-proof and windproof facilities before the greenhouse is built, and mounting the greenhouse framework and then buckling the film when the greenhouse is built;
step 3): installing greenhouse planting management and control equipment, preparing spraying equipment, temperature control equipment, ventilation equipment, monitoring equipment and irrigation equipment in a greenhouse, installing the spraying equipment on a framework at the top of the greenhouse, and arranging a spray head on the spraying equipment;
step 4): cleaning greenhouse soil, improving the soil by turning over, cleaning plant residues and weeds before planting in a greenhouse, reducing the base number of pests, removing the weeds inside and outside the greenhouse and around the greenhouse, preventing eggs produced by the pests from entering the greenhouse to hatch, spraying pesticides on the soil in advance, and killing the pests in the soil;
step 5): selecting varieties, purchasing planted varieties according to local ecological conditions and market demands, checking whether the size, color, shape, uniformity and plumpness of seeds meet the characteristics of the seeds, paying attention to the storage time of the seeds, ensuring that the storage life of the seeds of melons and fruits is 2-3 years under the normal temperature condition, and purchasing the seeds without selecting the seeds for more than 3 years;
step 6): seedling raising, namely selecting proper temperature and growth conditions to raise seedlings according to the characteristics of the seeds, screening out the unsaturated seeds before seedling raising, selecting sunny days before sowing, insolating for 1-2 days in the sun between 9:00 and 15:00 to improve the water absorption and permeability of the seeds, and disinfecting the seeds by adopting a damp-heat treatment mode and a medicament treatment mode;
step 7): digging planting holes or planting ditches, selecting different planting modes according to the different types of melons and fruits, applying base fertilizer, digging planting pits according to the required density before planting, or digging planting ditches according to rows, separating base soil and surface soil, applying base fertilizer, backfilling after mixing with the surface soil, filling to the position 25cm away from the ground, and treading;
step 8): fixedly planting melons and fruits, cultivating, moving the well-cultivated seedlings to planting holes or planting ditches in the greenhouse, and watering and fixedly planting;
step 9): adjusting temperature and humidity, and starting spraying equipment, temperature control equipment and irrigation equipment of the greenhouse according to the growth of the melon and fruit seedlings in different periods to ensure that the melon and fruit seedlings are in a proper growth environment;
step 10): fertilizing to prevent harm, fertilizing according to soil conditions in different growth periods, and spraying various pesticides required by melons and fruits to ensure the growth of melon and fruit seedlings;
step 11): flower and fruit retention, namely using hormone auxin to cultivate fruit flowers, ensuring the yield, and simultaneously using anti-drop agent to prevent the formed fruits from falling;
step 12): the ripe fruits are picked, according to the ripeness degree of the fruits, the fruits are picked in a mode of first ripening and first picking, the ripe fruits are prevented from being rotten, the incompletely ripe fruits are not sweet enough, and the yield and the quality of the fruits are improved.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the greenhouse is selected from sites exposed to the sun, sheltered from the wind, dried, well drained and free of soil infectious diseases, and the greenhouse site selection principle is as follows: (1) the method is characterized by selecting areas such as factories, mines, forests and mountains with excellent illumination conditions, no tall buildings on the front and on the east and west sides of the greenhouse, and no smoke and dust to build the greenhouse, so as to avoid shading and influence on the growth of melons and fruits, (2) soil is prevented from being excessively sticky, excessively acidic and excessively alkaline (the pH value of the soil is 6.5-7.5, so that the cultivation of vegetables and melons and fruits is suitable, if the soil is slightly acidic or slightly alkaline, the soil can be adjusted by using lime or vinegar residues), and meanwhile, the soil cultivation layer is not shallow and is at least more than 40 centimeters, and (3) areas with low terrain and close to lakes and rivers are not suitable for building the greenhouse, because the underground water level is high, the humidity in the greenhouse is excessively high, the melons and fruits are easily damaged by water logging, and the temperature in the greenhouse is easily low in winter, so that the root growth of the melons and fruits is influenced, and the diseases are increased.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the greenhouse is constructed, a greenhouse film and a greenhouse framework are selected, moisture-proof and wind-proof facilities need to be made before the greenhouse is constructed, when the greenhouse is constructed, the greenhouse framework is firstly installed, then the greenhouse is buckled, before the greenhouse is buckled, a non-oil-based disinfectant is preferably used for disinfection, metal and wood components contacting the greenhouse film are contacted, the outer surface of the metal and wood components is smooth or all bulges and connecting components are bound by polyethylene agricultural film strips, before the greenhouse is buckled, a gutter is cleaned, a drain pipe is installed, the greenhouse film is paved, preferably in the morning or evening, when the temperature is low and no strong wind exists, the greenhouse film is paved, the greenhouse film is uniformly tensioned in all directions to prevent transverse wrinkles, if the greenhouse film is paved in a high temperature, the greenhouse film is not suitable for being pulled tightly, because the greenhouse film is easy to stretch to reduce the temperature or to the evening when the temperature is high, when the shed film retracts, the shed is easy to break at the joints.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the greenhouse planting control equipment is installed, greenhouse internal spraying equipment, temperature control equipment, ventilation equipment, monitoring equipment and irrigation equipment are prepared, the spraying equipment is installed on a framework at the top of the greenhouse, a spray head is arranged on the spraying equipment, the greenhouse adopts a fully-intelligent planting, cultivation and monitoring system, planting is carried out by utilizing the network technology of the existing information technology, an agricultural intelligent integrated management mode is realized, the system can automatically set the temperature inside the greenhouse through a monitoring terminal and adjust the temperature and humidity of the greenhouse, the automatic spraying equipment, the ventilation equipment and the temperature control equipment are arranged inside the greenhouse, an unmanned entering type planting process can be realized, and the planting quality is ensured.
The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of cleaning the greenhouse soil, improving the soil in a turning manner, cleaning plant residues and weeds before planting the greenhouse, reducing the disease and pest base number, cleaning the weeds inside and outside and around the greenhouse, preventing the eggs laid by the pests from entering the greenhouse to hatch, spraying pesticides on the soil in advance, killing the pests in the soil, deep ploughing in advance before land preparation, sunning the white clay soil to promote soil weathering, loosening the soil, killing part of the pests and creating good root growth conditions.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the melons and fruits are field-planted and cultivated, well-cultivated seedlings are moved to planting holes or planting ditches in a greenhouse, then watering and field-planting are carried out, watering is carried out in time after planting, covering soil with a mulching film for preserving soil moisture, covering a layer of soil on the mulching film for protecting the mulching film, enough bottom water is poured before sowing and after field-planting, enough seedling-slowing water is poured after seedling-slowing, watering in a growth period is reduced as much as possible, and the situation that the ground temperature is reduced and the air humidity is increased due to over-frequent watering in the growth period is prevented.
According to the preferable technical scheme, the temperature and humidity are adjusted, spraying equipment, temperature control equipment and irrigation equipment of the greenhouse are started according to the growth of the melon and fruit seedlings in different periods, the melon and fruit seedlings are guaranteed to be in a proper growth environment, the melon and fruit seedlings are monitored through an intelligent greenhouse control system, meanwhile, the temperature, humidity and soil conditions inside the greenhouse are monitored, the intelligent greenhouse collects monitoring data in real time, and the intelligent equipment in the greenhouse is controlled to adjust various parameters of the greenhouse.
According to the preferable technical scheme, the fertilizer is applied to prevent damage, fertilizer is applied according to soil conditions in different growth periods, various pesticides required by melons and fruits are sprayed, and the growth of melon and fruit seedlings is guaranteed.
According to the preferable technical scheme, the flower and fruit retention uses hormone auxin to cultivate fruit flowers, so that the yield is ensured, meanwhile, the anti-falling agent is used to prevent the formed fruits from falling off, so that the phenomena of less blossoming, less fruit bearing and the like of melons, fruits and vegetables and the flower and fruit falling phenomenon during growth are frequently caused.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the ripe melons and fruits are picked according to the ripeness degree of the melons and fruits, the melons and fruits are picked in a mode of being ripe first and picked first, so that rotten fruits after being ripe are avoided, the fruits which are not ripe are not sweet enough, the yield and the quality of the melons and fruits are improved, the ripeness degree of the melons and fruits is controlled certainly in the ripe period of the melons and fruits, the melons and fruits are prevented from rotting in a greenhouse, and if the melons and fruits are rotten, the rotten melons and fruits are removed in time.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a planting method of agricultural and sideline products of melons and fruits, which has the following beneficial effects:
1. this melon and fruit class agricultural and sideline products planting method, through setting up intelligent temperature big-arch shelter and greenhouse control equipment, utilize the progress of present network science and technology, realize melon and fruit class planting automatic effect, this planting method need not consider the planting season of melon and fruit, can simulate the temperature and humidity and each item parameter that melon and fruit class was planted, thereby realized the purpose of four seasons planting, solved current melon and fruit class agricultural by-product planting method general production and adopted season planting that should, the ambient temperature restriction is great, can't carry out four seasons long-term planting, and melon and fruit receive external environment factor's damage easily in planting process, cause unnecessary economic loss's problem.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the melon and fruit agricultural byproduct planting method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1-1, in the present embodiment: a planting method of melon and fruit agricultural and sideline products comprises the following steps: selecting a site of the greenhouse, and constructing the site by selecting a place which is exposed to the sun, sheltered from the wind, dried, well drained and free of soil infectious diseases;
step two: building a greenhouse, selecting a greenhouse film and a greenhouse framework, needing to make damp-proof and windproof facilities before the greenhouse is built, and mounting the greenhouse framework and then buckling the film when the greenhouse is built;
step three: installing greenhouse planting management and control equipment, preparing spraying equipment, temperature control equipment, ventilation equipment, monitoring equipment and irrigation equipment in a greenhouse, installing the spraying equipment on a framework at the top of the greenhouse, and arranging a spray head on the spraying equipment;
step four: cleaning greenhouse soil, improving the soil by turning over, cleaning plant residues and weeds before planting in a greenhouse, reducing the base number of pests, removing the weeds inside and outside the greenhouse and around the greenhouse, preventing eggs produced by the pests from entering the greenhouse to hatch, spraying pesticides on the soil in advance, and killing the pests in the soil;
step five: selecting varieties, purchasing planted varieties according to local ecological conditions and market demands, checking whether the size, color, shape, uniformity and plumpness of seeds meet the characteristics of the seeds, paying attention to the storage time of the seeds, ensuring that the storage life of the seeds of melons and fruits is 2-3 years under the normal temperature condition, and purchasing the seeds without selecting the seeds for more than 3 years;
step six: seedling raising, namely selecting proper temperature and growth conditions to raise seedlings according to the characteristics of the seeds, screening out the unsaturated seeds before seedling raising, selecting sunny days before sowing, insolating for 1-2 days in the sun between 9:00 and 15:00 to improve the water absorption and permeability of the seeds, and disinfecting the seeds by adopting a damp-heat treatment mode and a medicament treatment mode;
step seven: digging planting holes or planting ditches, selecting different planting modes according to the different types of melons and fruits, applying base fertilizer, digging planting pits according to the required density before planting, or digging planting ditches according to rows, separating base soil and surface soil, applying base fertilizer, backfilling after mixing with the surface soil, filling to the position 25cm away from the ground, and treading;
step eight: fixedly planting melons and fruits, cultivating, moving the well-cultivated seedlings to planting holes or planting ditches in the greenhouse, and watering and fixedly planting;
step nine: adjusting temperature and humidity, and starting spraying equipment, temperature control equipment and irrigation equipment of the greenhouse according to the growth of the melon and fruit seedlings in different periods to ensure that the melon and fruit seedlings are in a proper growth environment;
step ten: fertilizing to prevent harm, fertilizing according to soil conditions in different growth periods, and spraying various pesticides required by melons and fruits to ensure the growth of melon and fruit seedlings;
step eleven: flower and fruit retention, namely using hormone auxin to cultivate fruit flowers, ensuring the yield, and simultaneously using anti-drop agent to prevent the formed fruits from falling;
step twelve: the ripe fruits are picked, according to the ripeness degree of the fruits, the fruits are picked in a mode of first ripening and first picking, the ripe fruits are prevented from being rotten, the incompletely ripe fruits are not sweet enough, and the yield and the quality of the fruits are improved.
In the embodiment, the greenhouse is selected, places which are exposed to the sun, sheltered from the wind, dry and good in drainage and have no soil infectious diseases are selected for building, and the greenhouse site selection principle is as follows: (1) the method is characterized by selecting areas such as factories, mines, forests and mountains with excellent illumination conditions, no tall buildings on the front and on the east and west sides of the greenhouse, and no smoke and dust to build the greenhouse, so as to avoid shading and influence on the growth of melons and fruits, (2) soil is prevented from being excessively sticky, excessively acidic and excessively alkaline (the pH value of the soil is 6.5-7.5, so that the cultivation of vegetables and melons and fruits is suitable, if the soil is slightly acidic or slightly alkaline, the soil can be adjusted by using lime or vinegar residues), and meanwhile, the soil cultivation layer is not shallow and is at least more than 40 centimeters, and (3) areas with low terrain and close to lakes and rivers are not suitable for building the greenhouse, because the underground water level is high, the humidity in the greenhouse is excessively high, the melons and fruits are easily damaged by water logging, and the temperature in the greenhouse is easily low in winter, so that the root growth of the melons and fruits is influenced, and the diseases are increased.
The greenhouse is built by selecting a greenhouse film and a greenhouse framework, needing to be provided with moisture-proof and wind-proof facilities before the greenhouse is built, firstly installing the greenhouse framework when the greenhouse is built, then covering the greenhouse, preferably using a non-oil-based disinfectant to disinfect before covering the greenhouse, contacting metal and wood parts of the greenhouse film, wherein the outer surface of the metal and wood parts is smooth or all the bulges and connecting parts are bound by polyethylene agricultural film strips, cleaning a gutter and installing a drain pipe before covering the greenhouse film, preferably in the morning or at the evening when the temperature is low and no strong wind exists, uniformly stretching the greenhouse film in all directions to prevent transverse wrinkles, and if the greenhouse film is covered at a high temperature, the greenhouse film is not required to be pulled too tightly, when the temperature is high, the greenhouse film is easy to stretch until the temperature is reduced or at night, and when the greenhouse film retracts, the greenhouse is easy to break at the joints.
Install warmhouse booth and plant management and control equipment, prepare the inside spray equipment of warmhouse, temperature control equipment, ventilation equipment and monitoring facilities and irrigation equipment, install spray equipment on the skeleton at temperature big-arch shelter top, set up the atomising head on the spray equipment, this warmhouse booth adopts full intelligent planting to cultivate monitored control system, utilize the network science and technology of information technology now to plant, realize the management mode of agricultural intelligence integration, this system can automatic set for the inside temperature of big-arch shelter through monitor terminal, and adjust the big-arch shelter humiture, the inside automatic spray equipment that is equipped with of big-arch shelter, ventilation equipment and temperature control equipment, can realize unmanned income formula planting flow, guarantee planting quality.
The greenhouse soil cleaning method comprises the steps of cleaning plant residues and weeds, reducing the disease and pest base number, removing weeds inside and outside the greenhouse and around the greenhouse, preventing eggs produced by pests from entering the greenhouse to hatch, spraying pesticides on the soil in advance, killing the pests in the soil, deeply ploughing in advance before soil preparation, sunning white soil, promoting soil weathering, loosening the soil, eliminating partial diseases and pests, and creating good root growth conditions.
The melon and fruit field planting and cultivation method includes the steps that well-cultivated seedlings are moved to planting holes or planting ditches in a greenhouse, watering and field planting are conducted, watering is conducted timely after planting, soil covering is conducted, mulching films are covered to preserve soil moisture, a layer of soil is covered on the mulching films to protect the mulching films, sufficient bottom water is poured before seeding and after field planting, sufficient seedling-slowing water is poured after seedling-slowing, watering in a growth period is reduced to the greatest extent, watering in an excessive growth period is prevented, the ground temperature is lowered, and air humidity is increased.
The utility model discloses a greenhouse, including greenhouse, melon and fruit seedling, temperature control device and irrigation equipment, greenhouse's spraying equipment, temperature control device and irrigation equipment, the temperature control device is monitored to melon and fruit seedling, and the intelligent control system of greenhouse is monitored to the inside temperature of greenhouse and humidity and soil condition simultaneously, and the intelligent system collects monitoring data in real time to intelligent device in the control greenhouse carries out the regulation of each item parameter of greenhouse.
The harm is prevented in the fertilization, in different growth periods, fertilizes according to the soil condition to spray the various pesticides that melon and fruit needs, guarantee the growth of melon and fruit seedling, in this planting method, adopt spraying equipment to carry out the pesticide and spray, avoid inside the planting personnel gets into the big-arch shelter, influence the inside humiture balance of big-arch shelter.
The flower and fruit retention uses hormone auxin to cultivate fruit flowers, ensures the fruit yield, uses the anti-falling agent to avoid the falling of the formed fruits, and the phenomena of less blossoming, less fruit and the like of melons, fruits and vegetables and the phenomenon of flower and fruit falling during the growth period frequently occur.
Ripe melon and fruit are picked, according to the maturity of melon and fruit, pick according to the earlier ripe mode of plucking earlier, avoid the fruit after ripe to rot, and the fruit that is not totally ripe is sweet inadequately, improves the output and the quality of melon and fruit, and in the ripe period of melon and fruit, must control good melon and fruit maturity, avoid appearing the melon and fruit and rot in warmhouse booth, if the rotten condition of melon and fruit appears, should in time clear away the melon and fruit that rot.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A planting method of agricultural and sideline products of melons and fruits is characterized by comprising the following steps: selecting a site of the greenhouse, and constructing the site by selecting a place which is exposed to the sun, sheltered from the wind, dried, well drained and free of soil infectious diseases;
step two: building a greenhouse, selecting a greenhouse film and a greenhouse framework, needing to make damp-proof and windproof facilities before the greenhouse is built, and mounting the greenhouse framework and then buckling the film when the greenhouse is built;
step three: installing greenhouse planting management and control equipment, preparing spraying equipment, temperature control equipment, ventilation equipment, monitoring equipment and irrigation equipment in a greenhouse, installing the spraying equipment on a framework at the top of the greenhouse, and arranging a spray head on the spraying equipment;
step four: cleaning greenhouse soil, improving the soil by turning over, cleaning plant residues and weeds before planting in a greenhouse, reducing the base number of pests, removing the weeds inside and outside the greenhouse and around the greenhouse, preventing eggs produced by the pests from entering the greenhouse to hatch, spraying pesticides on the soil in advance, and killing the pests in the soil;
step five: selecting varieties, purchasing planted varieties according to local ecological conditions and market demands, checking whether the size, color, shape, uniformity and plumpness of seeds meet the characteristics of the seeds, paying attention to the storage time of the seeds, ensuring that the storage life of the seeds of melons and fruits is 2-3 years under the normal temperature condition, and purchasing the seeds without selecting the seeds for more than 3 years;
step six: seedling raising, namely selecting proper temperature and growth conditions to raise seedlings according to the characteristics of the seeds, screening out the unsaturated seeds before seedling raising, selecting sunny days before sowing, insolating for 1-2 days in the sun between 9:00 and 15:00 to improve the water absorption and permeability of the seeds, and disinfecting the seeds by adopting a damp-heat treatment mode and a medicament treatment mode;
step seven: digging planting holes or planting ditches, selecting different planting modes according to the different types of melons and fruits, applying base fertilizer, digging planting pits according to the required density before planting, or digging planting ditches according to rows, separating base soil and surface soil, applying base fertilizer, backfilling after mixing with the surface soil, filling to the position 25cm away from the ground, and treading;
step eight: fixedly planting melons and fruits, cultivating, moving the well-cultivated seedlings to planting holes or planting ditches in the greenhouse, and watering and fixedly planting;
step nine: adjusting temperature and humidity, and starting spraying equipment, temperature control equipment and irrigation equipment of the greenhouse according to the growth of the melon and fruit seedlings in different periods to ensure that the melon and fruit seedlings are in a proper growth environment;
step ten: fertilizing to prevent harm, fertilizing according to soil conditions in different growth periods, and spraying various pesticides required by melons and fruits to ensure the growth of melon and fruit seedlings;
step eleven: flower and fruit retention, namely using hormone auxin to cultivate fruit flowers, ensuring the yield, and simultaneously using anti-drop agent to prevent the formed fruits from falling;
step twelve: the ripe fruits are picked, according to the ripeness degree of the fruits, the fruits are picked in a mode of first ripening and first picking, the ripe fruits are prevented from being rotten, the incompletely ripe fruits are not sweet enough, and the yield and the quality of the fruits are improved.
2. The planting method of the melon and fruit agricultural byproducts as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: the greenhouse is selected, places which are exposed to the sun, sheltered from the wind, dry, good in drainage and free of soil infectious diseases are selected for building, and the greenhouse site selection principle is three: (1) the method is characterized by selecting areas such as factories, mines, forests and mountains with excellent illumination conditions, no tall buildings on the front and on the east and west sides of the greenhouse, and no smoke and dust to build the greenhouse, so as to avoid shading and influence on the growth of melons and fruits, (2) soil is prevented from being excessively sticky, excessively acidic and excessively alkaline (the pH value of the soil is 6.5-7.5, so that the cultivation of vegetables and melons and fruits is suitable, if the soil is slightly acidic or slightly alkaline, the soil can be adjusted by using lime or vinegar residues), and meanwhile, the soil cultivation layer is not shallow and is at least more than 40 centimeters, and (3) areas with low terrain and close to lakes and rivers are not suitable for building the greenhouse, because the underground water level is high, the humidity in the greenhouse is excessively high, the melons and fruits are easily damaged by water logging, and the temperature in the greenhouse is easily low in winter, so that the root growth of the melons and fruits is influenced, and the diseases are increased.
3. The planting method of the melon and fruit agricultural byproducts as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: the greenhouse is built by selecting a greenhouse film and a greenhouse framework, needing to be provided with moisture-proof and wind-proof facilities before the greenhouse is built, firstly installing the greenhouse framework when the greenhouse is built, then covering the greenhouse, preferably using a non-oil-based disinfectant to disinfect before covering the greenhouse, contacting metal and wood parts of the greenhouse film, wherein the outer surface of the metal and wood parts is smooth or all the bulges and connecting parts are bound by polyethylene agricultural film strips, cleaning a gutter and installing a drain pipe before covering the greenhouse film, preferably in the morning or at the evening when the temperature is low and no strong wind exists, uniformly stretching the greenhouse film in all directions to prevent transverse wrinkles, and if the greenhouse film is covered at a high temperature, the greenhouse film is not required to be pulled too tightly, when the temperature is high, the greenhouse film is easy to stretch until the temperature is reduced or at night, and when the greenhouse film retracts, the greenhouse is easy to break at the joints.
4. The planting method of the melon and fruit agricultural byproducts as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: install warmhouse booth and plant management and control equipment, prepare the inside spray equipment of warmhouse, temperature control equipment, ventilation equipment and monitoring facilities and irrigation equipment, install spray equipment on the skeleton at temperature big-arch shelter top, set up the atomising head on the spray equipment, this warmhouse booth adopts full intelligent planting to cultivate monitored control system, utilize the network science and technology of information technology now to plant, realize the management mode of agricultural intelligence integration, this system can automatic set for the inside temperature of big-arch shelter through monitor terminal, and adjust the big-arch shelter humiture, the inside automatic spray equipment that is equipped with of big-arch shelter, ventilation equipment and temperature control equipment, can realize unmanned income formula planting flow, guarantee planting quality.
5. The planting method of the melon and fruit agricultural byproducts as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: the greenhouse soil cleaning method comprises the steps of cleaning plant residues and weeds, reducing the disease and pest base number, removing weeds inside and outside the greenhouse and around the greenhouse, preventing eggs produced by pests from entering the greenhouse to hatch, spraying pesticides on the soil in advance, killing the pests in the soil, deeply ploughing in advance before soil preparation, sunning white soil, promoting soil weathering, loosening the soil, eliminating partial diseases and pests, and creating good root growth conditions.
6. The planting method of the melon and fruit agricultural byproducts as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: the melon and fruit field planting and cultivation method includes the steps that well-cultivated seedlings are moved to planting holes or planting ditches in a greenhouse, watering and field planting are conducted, watering is conducted timely after planting, soil covering is conducted, mulching films are covered to preserve soil moisture, a layer of soil is covered on the mulching films to protect the mulching films, sufficient bottom water is poured before seeding and after field planting, sufficient seedling-slowing water is poured after seedling-slowing, watering in a growth period is reduced to the greatest extent, watering in an excessive growth period is prevented, the ground temperature is lowered, and air humidity is increased.
7. The planting method of the melon and fruit agricultural byproducts as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: the utility model discloses a greenhouse, including greenhouse, melon and fruit seedling, temperature control device and irrigation equipment, greenhouse's spraying equipment, temperature control device and irrigation equipment, the temperature control device is monitored to melon and fruit seedling, and the intelligent control system of greenhouse is monitored to the inside temperature of greenhouse and humidity and soil condition simultaneously, and the intelligent system collects monitoring data in real time to intelligent device in the control greenhouse carries out the regulation of each item parameter of greenhouse.
8. The planting method of the melon and fruit agricultural byproducts as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: the harm is prevented in the fertilization, in different growth periods, fertilizes according to the soil condition to spray the various pesticides that melon and fruit needs, guarantee the growth of melon and fruit seedling, in this planting method, adopt spraying equipment to carry out the pesticide and spray, avoid inside the planting personnel gets into the big-arch shelter, influence the inside humiture balance of big-arch shelter.
9. The planting method of the melon and fruit agricultural byproducts as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: the flower and fruit retention uses hormone auxin to cultivate fruit flowers, ensures the fruit yield, uses the anti-falling agent to avoid the falling of the formed fruits, and the phenomena of less blossoming, less fruit and the like of melons, fruits and vegetables and the phenomenon of flower and fruit falling during the growth period frequently occur.
10. The planting method of the melon and fruit agricultural byproducts as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: ripe melon and fruit are picked, according to the maturity of melon and fruit, pick according to the earlier ripe mode of plucking earlier, avoid the fruit after ripe to rot, and the fruit that is not totally ripe is sweet inadequately, improves the output and the quality of melon and fruit, and in the ripe period of melon and fruit, must control good melon and fruit maturity, avoid appearing the melon and fruit and rot in warmhouse booth, if the rotten condition of melon and fruit appears, should in time clear away the melon and fruit that rot.
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