CN110915531B - Chinese gall planting method - Google Patents
Chinese gall planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110915531B CN110915531B CN201911302260.3A CN201911302260A CN110915531B CN 110915531 B CN110915531 B CN 110915531B CN 201911302260 A CN201911302260 A CN 201911302260A CN 110915531 B CN110915531 B CN 110915531B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
Abstract
The invention relates to a Chinese gall planting method, which comprises the following steps of 1) seed treatment; 2) sowing, namely putting the rhus chinensis seeds into a soil pit, covering a layer of sand on the rhus chinensis seeds, then covering a layer of straw or pine needle, and covering soil; 3) leveling the ground, making a bed, planting moss, uniformly spreading the moss on the bed surface, and watering; 4) collecting mature and un-burst plodia, placing in a wooden box or a tile pot, overlapping one layer of pine needle or straw and one layer of plodia, covering with a plastic film, placing the burst plodia in a worm box every day to collect aphids therein, placing the aphids in a paper bag, placing in the shade for 1-2 days, and placing on moss; the yield and the quality of the gallnut are obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of plant planting, and particularly relates to a Chinese gall planting method.
Background
Galla chinensis is an aphid gall parasitizing on the leaves of Rhus chinensis, and is an important traditional Chinese medicinal material and an important industrial raw material. The breeding method generally adopts the methods of sowing, tillering, cuttage and the like, when the seeds are bred, the seeds can be stored in sand after being picked in autumn, the seeds are soaked and scalded with hot water at 90 ℃ for 3 months next year and soaked for one day and night, the waxiness is removed, the germination is accelerated by two times of mixed sand, the seeds are sowed after partial germination in about 2 weeks, the height of the seedlings in the current year can reach 1 meter, and the seedlings are outplanted and fixed planted after 4-5 years. Rhus chinensis is not resistant to waterlogging and is not suitable for being planted in low-lying wetlands. Besides the Rhus chinensis is a host of the aphid, the dictyophora davidii needs to be cultivated under the Rhus chinensis forest as a second host of the aphid, because gallnuts crack when mature, the aphid flies out of the forest to be fed, grown and propagated on the Phillips davidii under the forest, and the young aphid flies to the Rhus chinensis after eclosion in the next spring to be aggregated into the gallnuts, therefore, the dictyophora davidii needs to be cultivated under the Rhus chinensis forest to ensure the smooth life history of the aphid, the key point of forming the gallnuts is whether the aphid flies, the aphid cultivated by stocking is the key point of ensuring the smooth production of the aphid, generally in the mature period of the gallnuts, the aphid davidii collected in the forest land with the aphids and provided with wings is placed in the lantern under the forest to be covered with the gauze to prevent the aphid from flying out, the aphid can be covered on the straw to ensure the aphid to smoothly overwinter, the aphid can be covered on the straw, the aphid can be covered on the tree in the next 2 months, the imagoes flies to form gallnuts, namely the gallnuts, and the gallnuts are formed, and the gallnuts are collected in the next year, and the gallnuts are generally 5 percent of the gallnuts, and the gallnuts are collected, Collecting the imagoes when the imagoes emerge, and affecting the quality of the imagoes when the imagoes emerge too late.
Gallnuts need 2 hosts, the gallnuts which breed better at present are wild forests, on one hand, the artificial forests do not reach optimal parameters under the environmental conditions of temperature, humidity, soil and the like, and on the other hand, the growth state of the dictamnus dolabrus is often difficult to reach a more ideal state. Therefore, when the artificial forest breeding mode is adopted, the yield per mu and the quality are difficult to reach the ideal amount.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a Chinese gall planting method to improve the yield and quality of Chinese gall.
The invention relates to a Chinese gall planting method, which comprises the following steps,
1) treating the rhus chinensis seeds by kneading the rhus chinensis seeds with a plant ash aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 1-5% or a lime aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 10% at 40-50 ℃ until the rhus chinensis seeds turn yellow, taking out the rhus chinensis seeds, and soaking the rhus chinensis seeds in clear water until the seed coats are softened;
2) sowing, namely putting the rhus chinensis seeds into a soil pit, covering a layer of sand on the rhus chinensis seeds, then covering a layer of straw or pine needle, and covering soil;
3) leveling the ground, making a bed, planting moss, uniformly spreading the moss on the bed surface, and watering;
4) collecting mature and un-burst plodia, placing in a wooden box or a tile pot, overlapping with a layer of pine needle or straw and a layer of plodia, covering with a plastic film, placing the burst plodia in a worm box every day to collect aphids therein, placing the aphids in a paper bag, placing in the shade for 1-2 days, and placing on moss.
Preferably, in the step 3), a net rack is erected 5-10cm above the ground, then moss with soil is paved on the net rack, a humidifier is arranged below the moss, and the moss is humidified during the growth period.
Preferably, the moss is lantern moss.
Preferably, the thickness of the soil layer of the covering soil in the step 2) is 3 cm.
Preferably, the sowing density of the rhus chinensis seeds is 0.6-1m2The number of the rhus chinensis seeds is 10-15.
Preferably, when the height of the rhus chinensis reaches 0.6m, the rhus chinensis is picked and centered, 30-100 g of urea is applied per plant in 6-7 months, and the main branches are cut short and picked in the winter of the year or the spring of the next year.
Preferably, a net frame for preventing fallen leaves from falling is arranged between the rhus chinensis and the moss
The method has the beneficial effects that when the method is used for sowing, a layer of fine sand is covered on the rhus chinensis seeds, then a layer of straw or pine needle is covered, then soil is covered to simulate the growth environment of wild rhus chinensis seeds, the rhus chinensis seeds can fully contact with air in the germination process, the moisture accumulation is less, the disease resistance and the doubling ability of the rhus chinensis grown in the environment are greatly improved, and the weight and the quality of the collected gallnut are improved.
The rhus chinensis and the moss have different life habits, and although the moss growing under the rhus chinensis can achieve a growth environment favorable for the rhus chinensis and the moss to a certain extent, the optimal growth atmosphere of the rhus chinensis and the moss is difficult to realize. According to the invention, the humidifier is erected below the moss, and water vapor emitted by the humidifier is absorbed and blocked by roots of the moss and is difficult to rise between branches and leaves of the rhus chinensis, so that on one hand, a growth environment that the moss likes yin and has good water is ensured, on the other hand, sufficient water supply at the roots of the rhus chinensis is ensured, the risk of flooding is avoided, the growth of the moss and the aphid is ensured, and the weight quality of harvested gallnuts is improved.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The soil with warm and humid environment, deep soil layer, loose and fertile property, good drainage and water retention property is selected, the soil environment quality is better than sand-sandwiched alpine brown soil, mountain yellow brown soil and dark soil, the soil layer is deep and loose, water is retained but not accumulated, the soil is fertile and rich in organic matters, the pH value is 5.5-7.0, and the soil quality meets the GB15618 regulation.
Sufficient water source, convenient irrigation and drainage, and the water quality conforms to the regulation of GB 5084.
The planting of the rhus chinensis should select areas with mild climate, abundant rainfall, no severe cold in winter, no summer heat, much cloud and fog, little sunshine and large humidity, and the yellow soil in the mountainous region developed by limestone is most suitable.
The moss is planted in the land parcels which are leeward, sunny, high in humidity, free of water accumulation and free of harm to people and livestock, sunlight cannot be directly irradiated, the shady and humid land with certain scattered light is the best land, and the shady and humid land on the forest edge, the cliff side and under the ridge can also be selected.
A land block with a deep soil layer and fertile soil is selected, the land block is deeply turned for 60cm, a bed with the width of 1.2-1.4m is made to serve as a seedbed, and sufficient base fertilizer is applied in the bed.
Seed treatment
Because the seed coat is hard and has a waxy layer, assist in de-waxing the seed before spring sowing. Mixing with warm water of about 40 deg.C and plant ash to obtain paste, or kneading seeds with 10% lime water until the seeds turn yellow and feel rough. Then soaking in clear water until the skin becomes soft, changing water every day, and elutriating with warm water. After the seeds are exposed to the white, the seeds can be sown.
Seeding
Mainly drilling, wherein the row spacing is 33-40 cm, the plant spacing is 4-5cm, the depth is 5cm, the soil covering thickness is 3cm, and the soil is kept wet. Transplanting when the seedlings are 80cm high or transplanting in the spring of the next year. Specifically, the rhus chinensis seeds are placed in the soil pits, a layer of sand is covered on the rhus chinensis seeds, then a layer of straw or pine needle is covered, and then 3cm of soil is covered.
Propagation of winter hosts
The ground is leveled in strips in the double forest and is planted with moss (lantern moss) as a bed. When the bed is used, the high bed (the low-lying land with water accumulation) and the low bed (the land with dry soil) are respectively used according to the terrain condition, so that the water accumulation is avoided, and the moisture can be kept. The soil on the bed surface needs to be leveled and thinned. Dividing collected seed moss into 4-5cm after the moss garden is prepared2The small lumps are laid on a bed surface according to the specification of 16cm multiplied by 16cm, or the seed moss is planted on the bed surfaceCutting, spreading on bed surface, pressing with hand, watering with water, covering with plastic film, keeping moisture, uncovering the film at high temperature, and allowing it to grow naturally.
Stocking of autumn migrant aphids
1. And hanging the double aphids to pick mature and unexploded double seeds, hanging the double seeds on double branches or putting the double seeds on understory moss, and naturally bursting the double branches to release the aphids, wherein 4-5 double seeds are generally ensured for each double tree.
2. Collecting mature and cracked double seeds of aphids, placing the double seeds in a wooden box or a crock, overlapping a layer of pine needles or straws and a layer of double seeds, and tightly covering the double seeds with a nylon film. The cracked plodia is put into an aphid collecting box every morning to collect aphids, and then the insects are put into a paper bag and put in the dark for 1-2 days, so that the activity of the aphids is weakened. Poured onto a glass plate and gently swept onto the understory moss with soft feathers.
3. And (3) artificially culturing the insects to establish an insect culturing room, so that the autumn migratory aphids can produce the overwintering young aphids on the indoor cultivated moss. The temperature, humidity and illumination are controlled manually indoors, so that the overwintering young aphids grow, develop and eclose under the optimal conditions. In the spring of the next year, the spring migratory aphids are artificially collected and put on the double trees, or naturally fly from an insect feeding room to the double forest.
Management of rhus chinensis
Adopting the row spacing of 2.0m multiplied by 2.0m and 2.0m multiplied by 3.0m for afforestation. Selecting the treated Rhus chinensis seeds in the middle ten days of 3 months for direct seeding and afforestation, wherein the size of a seeding pit is 0.6-1.0 m2The sowing amount is preferably 10-15 particles/pit of the treated rhus chinensis seeds, the seedlings can emerge in the middle ten days of 4 months, and the seedlings are thinned or supplemented when growing to about 10.0 cm. When the height of the nursery stock reaches 0.6m, the nursery stock is subjected to pinching and stem setting, and main lateral branches are promoted. And applying 30-100 g of urea per plant according to the growth condition of the nursery stock in 6-7 months, and cutting off and pinching the main lateral branches in winter in the same year or spring in the next year to promote the growth of the lateral branches. Under general conditions, the rhus chinensis can be cultivated into a high-yield forest for about 2 years.
Management of moss
Shading shed is built on the moss garden, the illumination is adjusted according to the principle of 'three fens yang and seven fens yin', and the air humidity of the scolopsis lateriformis is required to be more than 80%. Daily management mainly includes picking up sundries such as dead branches and fallen leaves on the moss at any time, removing weeds in the moss layer and preventing livestock from being damaged. After inoculation of the aphid douches, water management is particularly enhanced, because the overwintering young aphids have little wax on the body surfaces and are often submerged to death due to condensed water or water storage on moss, and when the moss is dry, the aphids are also dry to death.
Pest control
The main diseases include anthracnose and black spot. The main pests are the insect pests such as the broadshoulder elephant, the longicorn, the leaf eating elephant and the like.
Prevention and treatment measures
1. Agricultural control
Selecting plants with strong disease resistance and no plant diseases and insect pests; cleaning and cleaning diseased and residual plants and dry branches and fallen leaves in the field in time; pests and diseases are easy to occur in rainy seasons or areas, and water drainage is noticed; the observation of field conditions is enhanced, and the disease condition prediction and prevention can be accurately carried out in time.
2. Physical prevention and cure
According to different properties of pests, from late 4 months to 7 months, a frequency vibration type pest killing lamp is installed in the field or a yellow pest sticking plate is hung on the field. One lamp per (30-50) mu, 180-200 m distance between lampsGround surfaceThe height is 1.5-1.8 m, and the distribution is in a chessboard type. The insect sticking plates are hung for 20-25 blocks of 25 × 40cm per mu. Generally, the lower end of the insect attracting plate is higher than the top (10-15) cm of the crop to be suitable.
3. Chemical control
See appendix a for the main pest control methods. The pesticide application conforms to the regulations of GB 4285 and GB/T8321.
Harvesting, processing and storing
Generally, harvesting is carried out in time when 5% of the plodia burst or insect galls are converted from cyan to yellow brown, 1-3 times of the plodia are reserved for each plant during harvesting, and the plodia are burst by self, so that the plodia are migrated to moss hosts, and the plodia yield in the next year is promoted.
And (3) boiling the picked gallnuts in boiling water for 3-5 min. The aphid inside the aphid-killing pot can be killed, dried in the sun or in the shade.
And (3) grading and packaging in time, wherein the name, specification (grade), production place, batch number, packaging date, production unit and the like of the packaging bag must be noted, so that the quality of the gallnut is ensured to meet the requirements of pharmacopoeia of the people's republic of China (2015 edition).
And (4) selecting a ventilated, dried, light-proof, rat and insect-proof and moisture-proof sealed warehouse for storage, and regularly checking the storage condition of the product.
Example 2
The difference between this example 2 and example 1 is that a net frame is erected on the ground, then moss with soil is laid on the net frame, a humidifier is provided under the moss, and the moss is humidified during the growth period.
Comparative example 1
The difference between comparative example 1 and example 1 is that rhus chinensis was directly put into a soil pit and covered with soil.
The same rhus chinensis seeds and the like are adopted, the gallnut is planted according to the methods of example 1, example 2 and comparative example 1, the gallnut is harvested, and the quality and the weight of the gallnut are detected and shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1 Galla chinensis quality and weight detection table obtained by different methods
| Method | Yield per mu (kilogram/mu) | Average size (cm) | Average weight (g) |
| Example 1 | 220.2 | 5.3*3.4 | 48.3 |
| Example 2 | 233.1 | 5.4*3.4 | 49.4 |
| Comparative example 1 | 190.8 | 4.9*3.1 | 44.1 |
By the data in the table 1, we can see that the yield and the quality of the gallnuts obtained by the gallnut planting method are obviously improved.
Claims (6)
1. A Chinese gall planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps,
1) treating the rhus chinensis seeds by kneading the rhus chinensis seeds with a plant ash aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 1-5% or a lime aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 10% at 40-50 ℃ until the rhus chinensis seeds turn yellow, taking out the rhus chinensis seeds, and soaking the rhus chinensis seeds in clear water until the seed coats are softened;
2) sowing, namely putting the rhus chinensis seeds into a soil pit, covering a layer of sand on the rhus chinensis seeds, then covering a layer of straw or pine needle, and covering soil;
3) leveling the ground, making a bed, planting moss, uniformly spreading the moss on the bed surface, and watering; step 3), erecting a net rack 5-10cm above the ground, then paving moss with soil on the net rack, arranging a humidifier below the moss, and humidifying the moss during the growth period of the moss;
4) collecting mature and un-burst plodia, placing in a wooden box or a tile pot, overlapping with a layer of pine needle or straw and a layer of plodia, covering with a plastic film, placing the burst plodia in a worm box every day to collect aphids therein, placing the aphids in a paper bag, placing in the shade for 1-2 days, and placing on moss.
2. The method for planting gallnuts according to claim 1, wherein the moss is lantern moss.
3. A gallnut planting method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the soil covering in step 2) has a soil thickness of 3 cm.
4. The method for planting Galla chinensis as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the sowing density of Rhus chinensis seeds is 0.6-1m2The number of the rhus chinensis seeds is 10-15.
5. The method for planting Galla chinensis as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein when Rhus chinensis reaches 0.6m height, picking and centering are performed, 30-100 g/plant of urea is applied in 6-7 months, and the main branches are truncated and pinched in the winter of the year or the spring of the next year.
6. A method for planting Galla chinensis as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein a net frame for preventing fallen leaves from falling is arranged between Rhus chinensis and moss.
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Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2599156B2 (en) * | 1987-12-26 | 1997-04-09 | 日清製粉株式会社 | Preventive and therapeutic agent for Corynebacterium renale infection in livestock |
| JP2007037408A (en) * | 2005-07-29 | 2007-02-15 | Takashi Shinpo | Method and device for cultivating moss |
| CN102524182B (en) * | 2011-12-12 | 2013-08-21 | 中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所 | Method for collecting Chinese gallnut spring migrant aphids with double-layer plastic film thermal-insulation shed |
| CN102487906A (en) * | 2011-12-26 | 2012-06-13 | 张家界森贸五倍子专业合作社 | Chinese gall moss planting aphid raising method |
| CN104904670B (en) * | 2015-06-03 | 2019-07-23 | 湖北省林业科学研究院 | A method of moss is planted as matrix using non-woven fabrics and supports aphid increase Gallnut yield |
| CN109984091A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2019-07-09 | 廖亨斌 | Worm device is received in the efficient inoculation method of Chinese gall and its feeding aphid tongue fur used bed and breeding |
| CN109601484A (en) * | 2018-12-15 | 2019-04-12 | 中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所 | A method of humidification, which is cultivated, improves Chinese gall kind worm survival rate |
| CN109588081A (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2019-04-09 | 中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所 | A method of promoting Chinese sumac germination |
| CN110249991B (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2021-01-22 | 唐山职业技术学院 | Soilless moss planting method for sunlight greenhouse net shed sand bed |
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