CN111869496A - Citrus orchard chicken raising method - Google Patents
Citrus orchard chicken raising method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111869496A CN111869496A CN202010848957.7A CN202010848957A CN111869496A CN 111869496 A CN111869496 A CN 111869496A CN 202010848957 A CN202010848957 A CN 202010848957A CN 111869496 A CN111869496 A CN 111869496A
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G20/40—Apparatus for cleaning the lawn or grass surface
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K31/00—Housing birds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K31/00—Housing birds
- A01K31/04—Dropping-boards; Devices for removing excrement
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K39/00—Feeding or drinking appliances for poultry or other birds
- A01K39/01—Feeding devices, e.g. chainfeeders
- A01K39/014—Feed troughs; Feed throwers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/50—Livestock or poultry management
- Y02P60/52—Livestock or poultry management use of renewable energies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree planting, and particularly relates to a citrus orchard chicken raising method, which comprises the following steps: (1) building an orchard; (2) planting citrus seedlings; (3) intercropping of the hairy vetch; (4) breeding chickens; (5) managing; (6) preparing the fermented chicken manure. Wherein, the citrus trees are fertilized and sprayed with pesticide twice each year, the broomrape is replanted with seedlings every year in spring, chicken flocks are stocked in the orchard in the daytime, the broomrape returns to the henhouse for rest at night, and the henhouse and the orchard are cleaned hygienically at regular intervals. The invention fully embodies the three-dimensional planting and breeding structure of the orange garden, the green manure and the poultry, and the three-dimensional planting and breeding structure has interaction, and finally realizes a planting and breeding mode with high quality and high benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree planting, and particularly relates to a chicken raising method for a citrus orchard.
Background
At present, most of the chickens on the market are fed with feed, the quality of meat and egg products is reduced due to the fact that a large amount of premixed feed and medicinal antibiotics are used for feeding the chickens, the purchase quantity of the broilers is reduced year by year, and the local chickens are bought instead. In order to raise more local chickens, the mode of free-ranging chickens in an orchard is popular with people, and therefore the breeding scale is larger and larger. However, the technical level and the management mode of orchard cultivation in China are still relatively lagged at the present stage, and the following problems exist: 1. unreasonable utilization of orchard fields causes waste of land, uneven ecological environment of the orchard fields, soil hardening and influences growth of fruit trees. 2. The free-range poultry which are purely raised in the orchard can not finish centralized sanitary treatment in the orchard, which brings inconvenience to the farming work of farmers and causes high labor intensity of the farmers. 3. A large amount of chicken manure is difficult to be intensively treated, so that the odor of the whole orchard is rushed to the sky, and the environment is influenced. In addition, the environment in the orchard generally degenerates at present, the situation of 'bare land in the orchard' for raising chickens is presented, the orchard is only a moving field of the chickens and cannot provide food and plant components with antibiotic functions for the chickens, and the safety of chicken and eggs cannot be guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a citrus orchard chicken raising method which can make full use of a orchard land, plant citrus and raise chicken to form a mutually usable circulating system, realize a structure of stereoscopic planting of citrus orchard-green manure-poultry, enable the yield and fruit taste of citrus trees to be better, enable the meat quality of chicken to be better and greatly reduce investment cost.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a citrus orchard chicken raising method comprises the following steps:
(1) building an orchard: selecting weak and acidic fertile land, establishing an orchard planting field, establishing fences around the orchard planting field, and arranging a plurality of mousetraps in the orchard at intervals;
(2) planting citrus seedlings: 1 year-old robust citrus seedlings are planted in the planting field of the orchard within 3-4 months in spring, the spacing between the citrus seedlings is 2.5-3 m, the row spacing is 4.5-5.5 m, and the citrus trees are fertilized and sprayed with pesticide 2 times each year;
(3) intercropping of sweet potatoes: planting vicia villosa seeds in the row spacing of the citrus trees in the last 10 ten days after the citrus seedlings are planted, adopting a new seed harvesting and sowing mode, wherein the sowing distance of the vicia villosa seeds is 0.5-1.0 m, covering soil after sowing, arranging a fence with the height of 0.3-0.5 m around the vicia villosa seeds after sowing, and periodically manually removing weeds in an orchard; in the spring of the second year after the vetch seeds are sowed, the seedlings are replenished according to the germination and emergence conditions of the vetch seeds;
(4) chicken breeding: the method comprises the following steps that a chicken raising device and a water spraying system are arranged in an orchard, young chickens are raised in the chicken raising device 1-2 months after brooch is replenished, the number of the raised chickens per mu is 100-300, 1 mu in the orchard serves as a unit area, and the chicken raising device and the water spraying system are arranged in each unit area;
(5) management: laying young chickens out every day and sun-drying for 30 minutes; young chickens grow about half a kilogram, grow uniform in feather, are stocked in an orchard every day to eat grass, peck insects and the like, and are fed with food materials in a chicken raising device in a centralized mode; the hair vetch grows to 10-30 cm, and the hair vetch is cut 1-2 times per day to feed the chicken; cleaning a chicken raising device twice every day, disinfecting once every week, collecting chicken manure in the chicken raising device, mixing the chicken manure with a leavening agent, corn flour or rice bran, and fermenting to obtain fermented chicken manure as a planting fertilizer for citrus trees; in addition, spraying the chicken manure in the orchard by using a water spraying system every 2-3 days to melt the chicken manure for deodorization;
(6) preparing fermented chicken manure: 200 g of the compound leavening agent and 3 kg of corn flour or rice bran are uniformly stirred to prepare a strain mixture, then the strain mixture is uniformly scattered on 1 ton of collected chicken manure and is uniformly mixed and stirred, the height of the mixture is 1 meter, the water content is adjusted to 50-60%, then the mixture is covered by a film for 7-10 days, the decomposition of the chicken manure is completed, the chicken manure is tasteless at normal temperature and white hypha appears, and the fermented chicken manure is obtained and is used for fertilizing citrus trees.
As a further technical scheme of the invention, in the step (3), before the vetch is planted, a phosphate fertilizer is applied while turning over and preparing soil, wherein 100-200 kg of the phosphate fertilizer is applied per mu, and 5-10 kg of calcium superphosphate or 1-2 kg of diammonium phosphate is applied per mu as a base fertilizer.
As a further technical scheme of the present invention, in (4), the water spraying system includes a rainwater tank and a water spraying pipe, the rainwater tank is arranged in the orchard in an overhead manner, the water spraying pipe is connected to a water outlet of the rainwater tank, and the water spraying pipe is provided with a plurality of three-way joints and a control valve.
As a further technical scheme of the invention, in (4), the chicken raising device comprises a chicken coop, a solar photovoltaic panel, a material collecting box and a distribution box, wherein a movable door is arranged on the side wall of the chicken coop, the solar photovoltaic panel is arranged at the top of the chicken coop, the material collecting box is arranged at the bottom of the chicken coop, the distribution box is arranged in the chicken coop, and the solar photovoltaic panel is electrically connected with the distribution box; the excrement collecting box is divided into an excrement treatment pool and a deodorization box through a partition plate, a base plate and a fermentation box are arranged in the excrement treatment pool, the base plate and the fermentation box are laid at the bottom of the excrement treatment pool side by side, the base plate is an inclined plate body, and the inclined edge of the base plate faces to the opening of the fermentation box; deodorization system is equipped with in the deodorization box, deodorization system includes exhaust fan, first adsorption tank, first purification tank, air exhauster, acidizing fluid pond, exhaust fan one end sets up on the lateral wall in fecal treatment pond, the other end is connected to in the first adsorption tank, first adsorption tank passes through the air exhauster with first purification tank connects, first purification tank passes through the air exhauster with the acidizing fluid pond is connected, acidizing fluid pond top is equipped with and accesss to the outside chimney of airing exhaust of deodorization box.
As a further technical scheme, the henhouse is a ventilated house, the side walls of the henhouse are paved by adopting vertical plates at uniform intervals, a discharging groove is arranged around the outer side wall of the henhouse, an illuminating lamp is arranged in the henhouse, and the illuminating lamp is electrically connected with the distribution box.
As a further technical scheme, the deodorization system further comprises a second adsorption tank and a second purification tank, the first purification tank is connected with the second adsorption tank through the exhaust fan, the second adsorption tank is connected with the second purification tank through the exhaust fan, and the second purification tank is connected with the acid liquor tank through the exhaust fan.
As a further technical scheme, activated carbon is arranged in the first adsorption box and the second adsorption box, and deodorizers are arranged in the first purification tank and the second purification tank.
As a further technical scheme of the invention, the deodorant is one of calcium phosphate solution, limestone solution or mixture of 4% copper sulfate and proper amount of hydrated lime.
As a further technical scheme of the invention, a rest frame is also arranged in the henhouse, the rest frame is composed of a horizontal rod and a vertical rod, and chicken flocks rest on the rest frame in rainy days or hot days and at night.
As a further technical scheme of the invention, the top of the excrement treatment pool is provided with an inclined plate, a feed inlet is arranged at the lower part of the inclined plate, a rotary cover is arranged on the feed inlet, and the feed inlet is closed when chicken manure is not cleaned at ordinary times to prevent odor in the excrement treatment pool from flowing out.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the weakly acidic soil suitable for the growth of citrus trees and hairy vetch is selected for planting, a reasonable interval is arranged in the whole orchard, so that the growth environment of the citrus trees and hairy vetch is good, the chicken is fed in the orchard, and finally a structure of three-dimensional planting and breeding of an orange garden, green manure and poultry is formed, a large amount of organic matters and nitrogen fertilizers can be left in the soil by the root system and the root nodule of the hairy vetch, the soil is improved, the field is fertilized, the land fertility is improved, the yield increasing effect is obvious, the fermented chicken manure can be used as the fertilizer for the citrus trees, the input cost is reduced; the chicken crowd eats the hairy vetch, so that the feed intake is reduced, the chickens move outside for a long time, the feed is reduced, and the meat quality is better; the chicken manure is used as a fertilizer for citrus trees and hairy vetch, and the fertilizer investment is reduced.
2. The citrus is harvested once a year, the chickens can be listed after being fed in groups for 3-4 months, the broomcorn seeds are cultured for 5-6 months, the three species can be planted within a year, the citrus and the broomcorn seeds are mutually supported in time, and the problem of time conflict does not exist. In addition, a water spraying system and a mousetrap are arranged in the orchard, the water spraying system is used for watering the citrus trees and the vetches, the chicken manure in the orchard can be humidified and deodorized, the environment in the orchard is guaranteed, the mousetrap plays a key role in the growth environment of chicken flocks, and the damage of external animals to the chicken flocks is greatly reduced.
3. The chicken raising device is provided with a fermentation box and a deodorization box, the chicken manure can be fermented in the treatment of the chicken manure, natural anaerobic fermentation is adopted in the manure treatment pool, the specific operation is that fresh chicken manure after impurities are removed is thrown into the fermentation box, a plurality of small ventilation holes are formed in the side surface of the fermentation box, waste gas escapes, the moisture of the waste gas is kept at 32% -38%, the fermentation time is controlled according to different seasons, generally, the fermentation time is 3 months in spring and autumn, 4 months in winter and about 1 month in summer, and when the internal temperature of the fermentation box is equal to the external temperature, the fermentation is stopped, and the chicken manure is taken out. The fermented chicken manure has better effect in preparing feed or fertilizer, and can be directly taken for feeding pigs and fish if not fermented. The deodorization box is internally provided with a plurality of layers of deodorization links, so that ammonia gas generated by chicken manure can be thoroughly removed, and the gas discharged from the chicken coop can meet the national requirements.
4. Set up the blowing groove around encircleing the chicken coop, when concentrating the feeding, need not directly spill the food in the orchard, because the chicken draws the excrement more easily at the feeding in-process, so not only can the bigger reduction in the orchard chicken manure spill the ground, also can concentrate more chicken manure in the chicken coop, provide more raw materials for preparation fodder, fertilizer etc.. Moreover, the manual work only needs to put foodstuff into the discharging groove, so that the manual strength is reduced.
5. In the device of raising chickens, top is established to slope shrouding and inside and is equipped with slope form plate body in the fecal treatment pond, like this when handling chicken manure in the chicken coop, better with the chicken manure in the same direction as smooth feed inlet, at last from the backing plate in the same direction as smooth fermenting case, laborsaving like this. In addition, the solar photovoltaic panel is used as a power supply source, so that the investment of electricity charge is particularly reduced, and the solar photovoltaic panel is very cost-effective under the condition of long-term use.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a chicken house according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a material collecting box in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the internal connections of the deodorization system in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a base plate and a fermentation box in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the electrical connections of the distribution box in the henhouse according to the embodiment of the present invention;
the reference numerals in fig. 1 to 5 are: 1. a chicken house; 2. a solar photovoltaic panel; 3. a vertical plate; 4. a discharging groove; 5. a movable door; 6. a material collecting box; 601. a fecal treatment tank; 602. a deodorization box; 7. a feed inlet; 8. an exhaust fan; 9. an exhaust fan; 10. a first adsorption tank; 11. a first purification tank; 12. a delivery pipe; 13. a second adsorption tank; 14. a second purification tank; 15. an acid liquor pool; 16. an air exhaust chimney; 17. a base plate; 18. a fermentation box; 19. a distribution box; 20. an illuminating lamp.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-5, a citrus orchard chicken raising method comprises the following steps:
(1) building an orchard: selecting weak and acidic fertile land, establishing an orchard planting field, establishing fences around the orchard planting field, and arranging a plurality of mousetraps in the orchard at intervals.
(2) Planting citrus seedlings: 1 year-old and strong citrus seedlings are planted in the planting field of the orchard in 3-4 months in spring, the spacing between the citrus seedlings is 3m, the row spacing is 5m, and the citrus trees are fertilized and sprayed with pesticide 2 times each year.
(3) Intercropping of sweet potatoes: planting vetch seeds in the row spacing of the citrus trees in the last 10 th ten days after the citrus seedlings are planted, adopting a new seed collecting and sowing mode, wherein the sowing distance of the vetch seeds is 1.0m, covering soil after sowing, arranging a fence with the height of 0.5m around the vetch seeds after sowing, and periodically manually removing weeds in an orchard; in the spring of the second year after the vetch seeds are sowed, the seedlings are replenished according to the germination and emergence conditions of the vetch seeds; before planting the hair vetch, 200 kg of phosphate fertilizer is applied per mu while turning over and preparing land, and 10 kg of calcium superphosphate or 2 kg of diammonium phosphate is applied per mu as base fertilizer. The hair vetch grows to the edible height, and the fence is taken away for 3 hours in the daytime, so that the hair vetch is used for eating the hair vetch by chicken flocks or manually cutting and feeding the chicken.
(4) Chicken breeding: set up in the orchard and raise chicken device and water injection system, 1 ~ 2 months behind the young hairy vetch, the young chicken is raised in raising the chicken device, and the quantity of raising the chicken per mu is 300, and 1 mu is as a unit district in the orchard, all is equipped with in every unit district and raises chicken device and water injection system, water injection system includes rainwater pond and spray pipe, the built on stilts setting in the orchard of rainwater pond, the spray pipe is connected to the delivery port of rainwater pond, be equipped with a plurality of three way connection and control valve on the spray pipe, water injection system is used for the watering to citrus trees and hairy vetch, can guarantee the environment in the orchard again to the chicken manure humidifying deodorization in the orchard.
(5) Management: laying young chickens out every day and sun-drying for 30 minutes; young chickens grow about half a kilogram, grow uniform in feather, are stocked in an orchard every day to eat grass, peck insects and the like, and are fed with food materials in a chicken raising device in a centralized mode; the hair vetch grows to 10-30 cm, and the hair vetch is cut 1-2 times per day to feed the chicken; cleaning a chicken raising device twice every day, disinfecting once every week, collecting chicken manure in the chicken raising device, mixing the chicken manure with a leavening agent, corn flour or rice bran, and fermenting to obtain fermented chicken manure as a planting fertilizer for citrus trees; in addition, spraying the chicken manure in the orchard by using a water spraying system every 2-3 days to melt the chicken manure for deodorization.
(6) Preparing fermented chicken manure: 200 g of the compound leavening agent and 3 kg of corn flour or rice bran are uniformly stirred to prepare a strain mixture, then the strain mixture is uniformly scattered on 1 ton of collected chicken manure and is uniformly mixed and stirred, the height of the mixture is 1 meter, the water content is adjusted to 50-60%, then the mixture is covered by a film for 7-10 days, the decomposition of the chicken manure is completed, the chicken manure is tasteless at normal temperature and white hypha appears, and the fermented chicken manure is obtained and is used for fertilizing citrus trees.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1-5, the chicken raising device that sets up in the oranges and tangerines orchard, including chicken coop 1, solar photovoltaic board 2, case 6 and block terminal 19 gather materials, chicken coop 1 is ventilative type house, 1 lateral wall of chicken coop adopts evenly spaced riser 3 to lay, be equipped with dodge gate 5 on 1 lateral wall of chicken coop, solar photovoltaic board 2 is established at the top of chicken coop 1, case 6 that gathers materials is established in the bottom of chicken coop 1, case 6 that gathers materials also is as the supporter of whole chicken coop 1, avoid rainy day rainwater to soak in chicken coop 1, influence the life of chicken flocks. The distribution box 19 is arranged in the henhouse 1, the solar photovoltaic panel 2 is electrically connected with the distribution box 19, the discharging groove 4 is arranged around the outer side wall of the henhouse 1, the illuminating lamp 20 is arranged in the henhouse 1, and the illuminating lamp 20 is electrically connected with the distribution box 19; a rest frame is also arranged in the henhouse 1 and consists of a horizontal rod and a vertical rod. The top of the henhouse 1 adopts 'herringbone' inclined cloth, so that the solar photovoltaic panel 2 is favorably installed and maintained in later period. Set up reasonable spaced riser 3, when concentrating the feeding, the chicken can stretch out the head and come out 4 feeds of blowing groove, and the manual work is not used to the blowing in the chicken coop 1, saves trouble. Set up the rest frame in chicken coop 1, chicken crowd has a rest on the rest frame at ordinary times, and light 20, rest frame are conventional equipment, consequently no longer specifically draw in this embodiment. In addition, the power supply of the whole henhouse 1 is the solar photovoltaic panel 2, the distribution box 19 is used as a control valve of the illuminating lamp 20 and the deodorization system, and electricity is saved, and the henhouse 1 is convenient and quick to use.
Referring to fig. 2 and 4, the material collecting box 6 is divided into a fecal treatment tank 601 and a deodorization box 602 by a partition board, a base plate 17 and a fermentation box 18 are arranged in the fecal treatment tank 601, an inclined sealing plate is arranged at the top of the fecal treatment tank 601, a feeding port 7 is arranged at the lower part of the inclined sealing plate, and a rotary cover is arranged on the feeding port 7. The base plate 17 and the fermentation box 18 are laid at the bottom of the fecal treatment tank 601 side by side, the base plate 17 is an inclined plate body, and the inclined edge of the base plate 17 faces the opening of the fermentation box 18. In the invention, natural anaerobic fermentation is adopted in the manure treatment tank 601, and the specific operation is that fresh chicken manure after impurities (generally sawdust, stone and the like) are removed is put into the fermentation tank 18, a plurality of small ventilation holes (not marked in the figure) are formed in the side surface of the fermentation tank 18, waste gas escapes, the moisture of the waste gas is kept at 32% -38%, the fermentation time is controlled according to seasons, generally 3 months in spring and autumn, 4 months in winter and about 1 month in summer, and when the internal temperature of the fermentation tank 18 is equal to the external temperature, the fermentation is stopped, and the chicken manure is taken out. Fecal treatment pond 601 is equipped with the expansion gap, conveniently takes out fermenting case 18 and backing plate 17, backing plate 17 sets up to the slope shrouding of tilting and setting, be favorable to transferring the chicken manure to fermenting case 18 in following chicken coop 1, in addition, because fermented chicken manure needs waste gas to escape, and can not directly arrange the air and come, then need to be provided with fermenting case 18 alone in the fecal treatment pond 601, and waste gas directly gets into deodorization system after escaping and handles.
Referring to fig. 3, be equipped with deodorization system in deodorization case 602, deodorization system includes exhaust fan 8, first adsorption tank 10, first purifying pool 11, air exhauster 9, sour liquid pond 15, exhaust fan 8 one end sets up on the lateral wall of fecal treatment pond 601, and the other end is connected to in the first adsorption tank 10, and first adsorption tank 10 is connected with first purifying pool 11 through air exhauster 9, and first purifying pool 11 is connected with sour liquid pond 15 through air exhauster 9, is equipped with the active carbon in the adsorption tank, be equipped with boric acid in the sour liquid pond 15, the boric acid can remove the ammonia harmful gas, and sour liquid pond 15 top is equipped with the chimney 16 of airing exhaust that leads to deodorization case 602 outside. More specifically, the deodorization system further comprises a second adsorption tank 13 and a second purification tank 14, the first purification tank 11 is connected with the second adsorption tank 13 through an exhaust fan 9, the second adsorption tank 13 is connected with the second purification tank 14 through the exhaust fan 9, and the second purification tank 14 is connected with an acid liquor tank 15 through the exhaust fan 9. Activated carbon is arranged in the first adsorption box 10 and the second adsorption box 13, and deodorizers are arranged in the first purification tank 11 and the second purification tank 14. The deodorant is one of calcium phosphate solution, limestone solution or mixture of 4% copper sulfate and appropriate amount of hydrated lime, and in this embodiment, the deodorant is limestone solution, and is cheap. In the deodorization system, through the exhaust fan 8 in to the air suction first adsorption tank 10 in the fecal treatment pond 601, under the drive of air exhauster 9, after once deodorization, take out first purification tank 11 with the air of first adsorption tank 10 and handle, for more thorough deodorization, repeat above-mentioned operation, specifically for taking out the foul smell in the first purification tank 11 second adsorption tank 13, rethread second purification tank 14 handles after the secondary absorption, last air lets in acid liquor pond 15 and does last deodorization, whole process is through 5 deodorization altogether, consequently can be thorough on deodorization, it can accord with the national standard to emit the air, the non-staining environment. It should be noted that, because the discharged chicken manure contains a large amount of ammonia, and the odor is strong, so need carry out a lot of deodorization and can reach the gas emission standard better, set up a plurality of deodorizing device moreover, can prevent that certain deodorizing device from damaging, when not having reached the maintenance yet, other deodorizing device can also carry out the deodorization to avoid discharged gas not up to standard.
According to the invention, the device is designed by solving the problems of poor chicken manure treatment and low deodorization efficiency of the chicken raising device in the orchard, the device is arranged in the citrus orchard, chicken flocks are raised in the orchard in the daytime to eat grass and insects, move and see light, the chicken are fed in the henhouse 1 in a centralized manner, and the feeding is carried out on the feeding trough 4, so that the chicken can grow healthily and have better meat quality. Besides, the chickens eat grass and insects, so that food therapy can be reduced, and the cost is reduced.
Example 2 was carried out with the same chicken-raising apparatus
A citrus orchard chicken raising method comprises the following steps:
(1) building an orchard: selecting weak and acidic fertile land, establishing an orchard planting field, establishing fences around the orchard planting field, and arranging a plurality of mousetraps in the orchard at intervals.
(2) Planting citrus seedlings: 1 year-old and strong citrus seedlings are planted in the planting field of the orchard in 3-4 months in spring, the spacing between the citrus seedlings is 3m, the row spacing is 5m, and the citrus trees are fertilized and sprayed with pesticide 2 times each year.
(3) Intercropping of sweet potatoes: planting the vetch seeds in the row spacing of the citrus trees in the last 10 th ten days after the citrus seedlings are planted, adopting a new seed collecting and sowing mode, wherein the sowing distance of the vetch seeds is 1.0m, covering soil after sowing, arranging a fence of 0.5m around the vetch seeds after sowing, and periodically manually removing weeds in an orchard; in the spring of the second year after the vetch seeds are sowed, the seedlings are replenished according to the germination and emergence conditions of the vetch seeds; before planting the hair vetch, 100 kg of phosphate fertilizer is applied per mu while turning over and preparing land, and 5 kg of calcium superphosphate or 1 kg of diammonium phosphate is applied per mu as base fertilizer. The hair vetch grows to the edible height, and the fence is taken away for 3 hours in the daytime, so that the hair vetch is used for eating the hair vetch by chicken flocks or manually cutting and feeding the chicken.
(4) Chicken breeding: set up in the orchard and raise chicken device and water injection system, 1 ~ 2 months behind the young hairy vetch, the young chicken is raised in raising the chicken device, and the quantity of raising chickens per mu is 100, and 1 mu is regarded as a unit district in the orchard, all is equipped with in every unit district and raises chicken device and water injection system.
(5) Management: laying young chickens out every day and sun-drying for 30 minutes; young chickens grow about half a kilogram, grow uniform in feather, are stocked in an orchard every day to eat grass, peck insects and the like, and are fed with food materials in a chicken raising device in a centralized mode; the hair vetch grows to 10-30 cm, and the hair vetch is cut 1-2 times per day to feed the chicken; cleaning a chicken raising device twice every day, disinfecting once every week, collecting chicken manure in the chicken raising device, mixing the chicken manure with a leavening agent, corn flour or rice bran, and fermenting to obtain fermented chicken manure as a planting fertilizer for citrus trees; in addition, spraying the chicken manure in the orchard by using a water spraying system every 2-3 days to melt the chicken manure for deodorization;
(6) preparing fermented chicken manure: 200 g of the compound leavening agent and 3 kg of corn flour or rice bran are uniformly stirred to prepare a strain mixture, then the strain mixture is uniformly scattered on 1 ton of collected chicken manure and is uniformly mixed and stirred, the height of the mixture is 1 meter, the water content is adjusted to 50-60%, then the mixture is covered by a film for 7-10 days, the decomposition of the chicken manure is completed, the chicken manure is tasteless at normal temperature and white hypha appears, and the fermented chicken manure is obtained and is used for fertilizing citrus trees.
Comparing example 1 and example 2 of the present invention with a control group in which citrus trees and chickens were planted individually and citrus trees and vetches were planted individually, the cultivation and management of citrus trees were the same in four groups, the cultivation and management of vetches were the same in three groups, the feeding and management of chickens were the same in three groups, the topography, soil, temperature and illumination of test ground were the same in four groups, and the yield, average individual fruit weight and quality of citrus and the weight and meat quality of chickens in the same year were as listed in table 1. And (3) testing the sweetness by adopting a sweetness tester, wherein each group comprises 20, the average value is obtained by testing four groups, 20 chickens are randomly weighed and then averaged, and the taste of the chickens is evaluated by customers under the same cooking condition.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, in the examples 1 and 2 of the present invention, the citrus fruits were superior to the control group in terms of acre yield, average single fruit weight and sweetness, and the average weight and taste of a single chicken were superior to those of the orchard fruits without the brooch, indicating that the present invention has both guaranteed yield and quality, and in addition, the chicken fed with the feed had better weight and meat quality.
The above description is intended to describe in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made within the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The citrus orchard chicken raising method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) building an orchard: selecting weak and acidic fertile land, establishing an orchard planting field, establishing fences around the orchard planting field, and arranging a plurality of mousetraps in the orchard at intervals;
(2) planting citrus seedlings: 1 year-old robust citrus seedlings are planted in the planting field of the orchard within 3-4 months in spring, the spacing between the citrus seedlings is 2.5-3 m, the row spacing is 4.5-5.5 m, and the citrus trees are fertilized and sprayed with pesticide 2 times each year;
(3) intercropping of sweet potatoes: planting vicia villosa seeds in the row spacing of the citrus trees in the last 10 ten days after the citrus seedlings are planted, adopting a new seed harvesting and sowing mode, wherein the sowing distance of the vicia villosa seeds is 0.5-1.0 m, covering soil after sowing, arranging a fence with the height of 0.3-0.5 m around the vicia villosa seeds after sowing, and periodically manually removing weeds in an orchard; in the spring of the second year after the vetch seeds are sowed, the seedlings are replenished according to the germination and emergence conditions of the vetch seeds;
(4) chicken breeding: the method comprises the following steps that a chicken raising device and a water spraying system are arranged in an orchard, young chickens are raised in the chicken raising device 1-2 months after brooch is replenished, the number of the raised chickens per mu is 100-300, 1 mu in the orchard serves as a unit area, and the chicken raising device and the water spraying system are arranged in each unit area;
(5) management: laying young chickens out every day and sun-drying for 30 minutes; young chickens grow about half a kilogram, grow uniform in feather, are stocked in an orchard every day to eat grass, peck insects and the like, and are fed with food materials in a chicken raising device in a centralized mode; the hair vetch grows to 10-30 cm, and the hair vetch is cut 1-2 times per day to feed the chicken; cleaning a chicken raising device twice every day, disinfecting once every week, collecting chicken manure in the chicken raising device, mixing the chicken manure with a leavening agent, corn flour or rice bran, and fermenting to obtain fermented chicken manure as a planting fertilizer for citrus trees; in addition, spraying the chicken manure in the orchard by using a water spraying system every 2-3 days to melt the chicken manure for deodorization;
(6) preparing fermented chicken manure: 200 g of the compound leavening agent and 3 kg of corn flour or rice bran are uniformly stirred to prepare a strain mixture, then the strain mixture is uniformly scattered on 1 ton of collected chicken manure and is uniformly mixed and stirred, the height of the mixture is 1 meter, the water content is adjusted to 50-60%, then the mixture is covered by a film for 7-10 days, the decomposition of the chicken manure is completed, the chicken manure is tasteless at normal temperature and white hypha appears, and the fermented chicken manure is obtained and is used for fertilizing citrus trees.
2. The citrus orchard chicken raising method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), before the vetch is planted, the phosphatic fertilizer is applied while turning over and preparing soil, wherein 100-200 kg of phosphatic fertilizer is applied per mu, and 5-10 kg of calcium superphosphate or 1-2 kg of diammonium phosphate is applied per mu as base fertilizer.
3. The citrus orchard chicken raising method of claim 1, wherein: in (4), water injection system includes rainwater pond and spray pipe, rainwater pond is built on stilts to be set up in the orchard, the spray pipe is connected to the delivery port in rainwater pond, be equipped with a plurality of three way connection and control valve on the spray pipe.
4. The citrus orchard chicken raising method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), the chicken raising device comprises a chicken coop, a solar photovoltaic panel, a material collecting box and a distribution box, wherein a movable door is arranged on the side wall of the chicken coop, the solar photovoltaic panel is arranged at the top of the chicken coop, the material collecting box is arranged at the bottom of the chicken coop, the distribution box is arranged in the chicken coop, and the solar photovoltaic panel is electrically connected with the distribution box;
the excrement collecting box is divided into an excrement treatment pool and a deodorization box through a partition plate, a base plate and a fermentation box are arranged in the excrement treatment pool, the base plate and the fermentation box are laid at the bottom of the excrement treatment pool side by side, the base plate is an inclined plate body, and the inclined edge of the base plate faces to the opening of the fermentation box;
deodorization system is equipped with in the deodorization box, deodorization system includes exhaust fan, first adsorption tank, first purification tank, air exhauster, acidizing fluid pond, exhaust fan one end sets up on the lateral wall in fecal treatment pond, the other end is connected to in the first adsorption tank, first adsorption tank passes through the air exhauster with first purification tank connects, first purification tank passes through the air exhauster with the acidizing fluid pond is connected, acidizing fluid pond top is equipped with and accesss to the outside chimney of airing exhaust of deodorization box.
5. The citrus orchard chicken raising method according to claim 4, wherein: the chicken coop is ventilative type house, the chicken coop lateral wall adopts evenly spaced riser to lay, centers on the chicken coop lateral wall is equipped with the blowing groove, be equipped with the light in the chicken coop, the light with the block terminal electricity is connected.
6. The citrus orchard chicken raising method according to claim 4, wherein: the deodorization system further comprises a second adsorption tank and a second purification tank, the first purification tank is connected with the second adsorption tank through the exhaust fan, the second adsorption tank is connected with the second purification tank through the exhaust fan, and the second purification tank is connected with the acid liquor tank through the exhaust fan.
7. The citrus orchard chicken raising method according to claim 6, wherein: activated carbon is arranged in the first adsorption box and the second adsorption box, and deodorizers are arranged in the first purification tank and the second purification tank.
8. The citrus orchard chicken raising method of claim 7, wherein: the deodorant is one of calcium phosphate solution, limestone solution or mixture of 4% copper sulfate and appropriate amount of hydrated lime.
9. The citrus orchard chicken raising method according to claim 4, wherein: still be equipped with the rest frame in the chicken coop, the rest frame comprises horizontal pole and vertical pole.
10. The citrus orchard chicken raising method according to claim 4, wherein: the excrement treatment pond top is established to the hang plate, the low department of hang plate is equipped with the feed inlet, be equipped with the rotatory lid on the feed inlet.
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| CN112273329A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-01-29 | 湖南志邦生态农业发展有限公司 | Ecological chicken raising method suitable for large-area orchard |
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