CN112438152A - Large-scale efficient breeding method for Diguo seedlings - Google Patents

Large-scale efficient breeding method for Diguo seedlings Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112438152A
CN112438152A CN202011201116.3A CN202011201116A CN112438152A CN 112438152 A CN112438152 A CN 112438152A CN 202011201116 A CN202011201116 A CN 202011201116A CN 112438152 A CN112438152 A CN 112438152A
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cutting
seedbed
seedling
seedlings
cuttage
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谭廷鸿
黎旭琳
孙琰妮
吴绍鑫
黎卫东
张文秀
吴曾寅
李英杰
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Tongren University
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Tongren University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/10Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a large-scale efficient seedling breeding method for ficus tikoua seedlings, which comprises the following steps: s1): seedling collection: in different growing areas in the field, searching 2-4-year-old past-aged stem vines with good growth vigor as seedlings, cutting off current-aged stem sections on the top ends and lateral branches of the stem vines by using branch scissors, simultaneously cutting off stem sections which are obviously lignified, cutting the reserved stem vines into 8-10 cm cuttage strips, trimming the cuttage strips, and then carrying out moisture preservation and temperature control transportation; s2): establishing a seedbed: the method is characterized in that a land block with flat terrain and fertile soil is selected as a seedling raising base, the land block is deeply ploughed and crushed, sundries are removed, furrows are dug and ridges are formed, and then the land block is built into a high-ridge seedbed with narrow top and wide bottom.

Description

Large-scale efficient breeding method for Diguo seedlings
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vegetative propagation of plant seedlings, in particular to a large-scale efficient breeding method of ground fruit seedlings.
Background
The ficus tikoua, commonly known as pachyrhizus stem, pachyrhizus, eriobotrya japonica and the like, is a perennial evergreen vine plant of ficus subgenus of the ficus genus of the family Moraceae, is favorable to a moderately humid environment, is drought-resistant, waterlogging-resistant, cold-resistant, high-temperature-resistant and strong in growth and reproduction capacity, has milky white juice in roots, stems and leaves, can be used as medicines, has the effects of dispelling wind, removing heat, clearing and activating channels and collaterals and the like, is developed in soil-entering root systems, is in the shape of aerial root hairs, can only grow in a close manner when stems and tendrils crawl and can also climb rocks, sandy soil, walls or trunks, leaves are in a leather shape, oval or elliptical, are often intertuberous, functional leaves are usually green, fruits of ripe, are in the shape of a round, red or light red, have high protein content, are rich in various essential amino acids for human bodies, and are rich in nutrient substances such as dietary fibers, carotene, vitamin C and the fic, The ficus tikoua is rich in fragrance and is wild fruit with abundant nutrition, so the ficus tikoua is a multipurpose plant integrating edible, medicinal, greening and ornamental functions, the ficus tikoua is still in a wild state for a long time and is not developed and utilized, the artificial cultivation and seedling breeding technology is not mature, a large batch of ficus tikoua seedlings cannot be obtained in a short time, and meanwhile, the ficus tikoua seedlings in different areas are bred, and seedlings need to be collected for multiple times, which is very troublesome.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of the existing ficus tikoua breeding technology and provide a ficus tikoua seedling large-scale efficient breeding method which can obtain a large number of seedlings in a short period and can realize sustainable and large-scale propagation in a base by only collecting seedlings once in ficus tikoua in different areas, different altitudes and different habitats, and can effectively solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention proposes: a large-scale efficient breeding method for Diguo seedlings comprises the following steps:
s1): seedling collection: in different growing areas in the field, searching 2-4-year-old past-aged stem vines with good growth vigor as seedlings, cutting off the top ends of the stem vines and current-aged stem sections on lateral branches by using branch scissors, simultaneously cutting off stem sections which are obviously lignified, cutting the reserved stem vines into 8-10 cm cuttage strips, trimming the cuttage strips, and then carrying out moisture preservation, temperature control, storage and transportation;
s2): establishing a seedbed: selecting a land block with flat terrain and fertile soil as a seedling culture base, deeply ploughing and breaking soil, removing impurities, ditching and ridging the land block, then building the land block into a high-ridge seedbed with narrow top and wide bottom, spreading a layer of mixed soil of light matrix and nutrient soil on the seedbed, and watering and infiltrating the soil on the surface layer of the seedbed;
s3): seedling cuttage: cutting the collected cuttage branch seedlings on a seedling bed, writing corresponding collection information marking boards, inserting the morphological lower ends of the seedlings into soil during cuttage with the depth of 4-5 cm, covering a transparent mulching film on the seedling bed during cuttage in spring, autumn or winter, and covering the transparent mulching film and a black sunshade net during cuttage in summer;
s4): seedling cultivation: after cutting, cultivating for 1-2 weeks in a heat preservation and moisture preservation mode, removing the mulching film and the sunshade net after 2-3 new buds grow out, continuously cultivating for 2-3 weeks, cutting off terminal buds of the new buds after the new buds grow into new branches with the length of 8-10 cm, and continuously cultivating for 2-3 weeks, wherein the lateral buds grow into lateral branches with the length of 8-10 cm;
s5): batch cuttage of lateral branches: cutting off the lateral branches obtained by cultivation, cutting the lateral branches into 5-8 cm-long propagation cutting strips, treating the cutting strips by using rooting powder aqueous solution with proper concentration, and performing batch cutting in a newly-built seedbed or a nutrient soil bag;
s6): and (3) complex shearing and breeding: and (4) after cutting off the lateral branches, keeping seedling piles, continuously culturing and inducing the lateral branches to grow so as to continuously obtain new lateral branches.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: in the seedling collection step, 2-3 half leaves of each cutting strip are reserved when the cutting strips are pruned, the morphological lower ends of the cutting strips are cut into an inclined tip shape, and the morphological upper ends of the cutting strips are cut into a round head shape, so that the normal photosynthesis after cutting is maintained while the moisture evaporation is reduced, and the moisture evaporation and the germ infection of the stem sections of the ground surface part can be reduced.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the seedbed in the seedbed establishing step is 1.5 meters wide, 10-15 meters long and 20-30 centimeters high in ridges, and is convenient to manage.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: in the seedling cuttage step, the plant spacing of cuttage strips is 3-5 cm, the row spacing is 5-8 cm, and each seedling is guaranteed to have sufficient growth space.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: in the seedling cultivation step, the terminal bud of the new branch is trimmed to be flat, and meanwhile, 1-2 leaves are reserved at the base of the new branch, so that the survival rate of seedling cultivation is guaranteed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method for large-scale efficient breeding of the seedlings of the local fruits can aim at the current situation that the breeding technology of the seedlings of the ficus tikoua is not standard and mature and large-batch seedlings can not be obtained in a short period, so that the breeding technology of the seedlings of the ficus tikoua can achieve the purpose of sustainable and large-scale propagation in a base, and meanwhile, the ficus tikoua located in different areas, different altitudes and different habitats can be cultivated in a large-scale mode only by collecting the seedlings once, thereby being beneficial to large-scale breeding of the ficus tikoua seedlings and saving a large amount of time.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides the following technical scheme:
the first embodiment is as follows:
a large-scale efficient breeding method for Diguo seedlings comprises the following steps:
s1): seedling collection: in different growing areas in the field, 2-year-old stem vines with good growth vigor are searched to serve as seedlings, current-year stem sections on the top ends and lateral branches of the stem vines are cut off by using branch scissors, meanwhile, stem sections with obvious lignification are cut off, the reserved stem vines are cut into 8-10 cm cutting strips, the cutting strips are cut off, 2 half leaves are reserved on each cutting strip during cutting, so that normal photosynthesis after cutting is maintained while water evaporation is reduced, meanwhile, the morphological lower ends of the cutting strips are cut into oblique tips, the morphological upper ends of the cutting strips are cut into round heads, water evaporation and germ infection of stem sections of the ground surface part can be reduced, and then moisture preservation, temperature control, storage and transportation are carried out;
s2): establishing a seedbed: selecting a land block with flat terrain and fertile soil as a seedling culture base, deeply ploughing and breaking soil, removing impurities, ditching and ridging the land block, then building the land block into a high-ridge type seedbed with narrow top and wide bottom, wherein the seedbed is 1.5 m wide, 10 m long and 20 cm high, then spreading a layer of mixed soil of light matrix and nutrient soil on the seedbed, and watering and infiltrating the soil on the surface layer of the seedbed;
s3): seedling cuttage: cutting the collected cuttage wood seedlings on a seedling bed, writing corresponding collection information marking boards, inserting the morphological lower ends of the seedlings into soil during cuttage, wherein the depth is 4 cm, the plant spacing of the cuttage wood is 3 cm, and the row spacing is 5 cm, covering a transparent mulching film on the seedling bed during cuttage in spring, autumn or winter, and covering the transparent mulching film and a black sunshade net during cuttage in summer;
s4): seedling cultivation: after cutting, carrying out heat preservation and moisture preservation cultivation for 1 week, removing a mulching film and a sunshade net after 2 new buds grow out, continuing cultivation for 2 weeks, after the new buds grow into new branches with the length of 8 cm, cutting off top buds of the new branches, trimming the top buds of the new branches to be flat, simultaneously reserving 1 leaf at the base of the new branches to remove the top advantages of the new branches, promoting the reserved base of the new branches to grow more lateral buds, continuing cultivation for 2 weeks, and enabling the lateral buds to grow into lateral branches with the length of 8 cm;
s5): batch cuttage of lateral branches: cutting off the lateral branches obtained by cultivation, trimming the lateral branches into 5 cm-long propagation cutting strips, treating the cutting strips by using rooting powder aqueous solution with proper concentration, and performing batch cutting in a newly-built seedbed or a nutrient soil bag;
s6): and (3) complex shearing and breeding: and (4) after cutting off the lateral branches, keeping seedling piles, continuously culturing and inducing the lateral branches to grow so as to continuously obtain new lateral branches.
Example two:
a large-scale efficient breeding method for Diguo seedlings comprises the following steps:
s1): seedling collection: in different growing areas in the field, 3-year-old past-aged stem vines with good growth vigor are searched to serve as seedlings, current-year stem sections on the top ends and side branches of the stem vines are cut off by using branch scissors, meanwhile, stem sections with obvious lignification are cut off, the reserved stem vines are cut into 8-centimeter cutting strips, the cutting strips are cut, each cutting strip keeps 2 half leaves during cutting, meanwhile, the morphological lower ends of the cutting strips are cut into oblique tips, the morphological upper ends of the cutting strips are cut into round heads, and then moisture preservation and temperature control preservation are carried out;
s2): establishing a seedbed: selecting a land block with flat terrain and fertile soil as a seedling culture base, deeply ploughing and breaking soil, removing impurities, ditching and ridging the land block, then building the land block into a high-ridge type seedbed with narrow top and wide bottom, wherein the seedbed is 1.5 m wide, 10 m long and 20 cm high, then spreading a layer of mixed soil of light matrix and nutrient soil on the seedbed, and watering and infiltrating the soil on the surface layer of the seedbed;
s3): seedling cuttage: cutting the collected cuttage wood seedlings on a seedling bed, writing corresponding collection information marking boards, inserting the morphological lower ends of the seedlings into soil during cuttage, wherein the depth is 4.5 cm, the plant spacing of the cuttage wood is 4 cm, and the row spacing is 6.5 cm, covering a transparent mulching film on the seedling bed during cuttage in spring, autumn or winter, and covering a transparent mulching film and a black sunshade net during cuttage in summer;
s4): seedling cultivation: after cutting, carrying out heat preservation and moisture preservation cultivation for 1.5 weeks, removing a mulching film and a sunshade net after 2 new buds grow out, continuing cultivation for 2.5 weeks, after the new buds grow into a new branch with the length of 10 cm, cutting off the top buds of the new branch, trimming the top buds of the new branch to be flat, simultaneously keeping 1 leaf at the base part of the new branch, continuing cultivation for 2.5 weeks, and enabling the side buds to grow into a side branch with the length of 8 cm;
s5): batch cuttage of lateral branches: cutting off the lateral branches obtained by cultivation, trimming the lateral branches into 6.5 cm-long propagation cutting strips, treating the cutting strips by using rooting powder aqueous solution with proper concentration, and performing batch cutting in a newly-built seedbed or soil bags;
s6): and (3) complex shearing and breeding: and (4) after cutting off the lateral branches, keeping the seedling piles, continuously culturing and inducing the lateral branches to continuously obtain new lateral branches.
Example three:
a large-scale efficient breeding method for Diguo seedlings comprises the following steps:
s1): seedling collection: in different growing areas in the field, 4-year-old past-aged stem vines with good growth vigor are searched to serve as seedlings, current-year stem sections on the top ends and side branches of the stem vines are cut off by using branch scissors, meanwhile, stem sections with obvious lignification are cut off, the reserved stem vines are cut into 8-10 cm cuttage strips, the cuttage strips are trimmed, 2-3 half leaves are reserved on each cuttage strip during pruning of the cuttage strips, the lower morphological ends of the cuttage strips are cut into an oblique tip shape, the upper morphological ends of the cuttage strips are cut into a round head shape, and then moisture preservation and temperature control preservation are carried out;
s2): establishing a seedbed: selecting a land block with flat terrain and fertile soil as a seedling culture base, deeply ploughing and breaking soil, removing impurities, ditching and ridging the land block, then building the land block into a high-ridge type seedbed with narrow top and wide bottom, wherein the seedbed is 1.5 m wide, 10 m long and 20 cm high, then spreading a layer of mixed soil of light matrix and nutrient soil on the seedbed, and watering and infiltrating the soil on the surface layer of the seedbed;
s3): seedling cuttage: cutting the collected cuttage wood seedlings on a seedling bed, writing corresponding collection information marking boards, inserting the morphological lower ends of the seedlings into soil during cuttage with the depth of 5 cm, the plant spacing of the cuttage wood 5 cm and the row spacing of 8 cm, covering a transparent mulching film on the seedling bed during cuttage in spring, autumn or winter, and covering the transparent mulching film and a black sunshade net during cuttage in summer;
s4): seedling cultivation: after cutting, carrying out heat preservation and moisture preservation cultivation for 2 weeks, removing a mulching film and a sunshade net after 3 new buds grow out, continuing cultivation for 3 weeks, cutting off terminal buds of the new branches after the new buds grow into new branches with the length of 10 cm, trimming the terminal buds of the new branches to be flat, simultaneously reserving 2 leaves at the base parts of the new branches, continuing cultivation for 3 weeks, and enabling the side buds to grow into lateral branches with the length of 10 cm;
s5): batch cuttage of lateral branches: cutting off the lateral branches obtained by cultivation, cutting the lateral branches into 5-8 cm-long propagation cutting strips, treating the cutting strips by using rooting powder aqueous solution with proper concentration, and performing batch cutting in a newly-built seedbed or soil bags;
s6): and (3) complex shearing and breeding: and (4) after cutting off the lateral branches, keeping seedling piles, continuously culturing and inducing the lateral branches to grow so as to continuously obtain new lateral branches.
The invention has the advantages that: the method for large-scale efficient breeding of the local fruit seedlings can improve the development and utilization degree of the ficus tikoua, develop the artificial cultivation and seedling breeding technology, can obtain a large number of seedlings in a short period by collecting the ficus tikoua seedlings in different areas, different altitudes and different habitats at one time, achieves the purpose of sustainable and large-scale propagation in a base, obviously shortens the seedling breeding period, realizes the batch propagation of the seedlings at one time, can save the process of repeatedly collecting the seedlings from the field, and saves a large amount of time and cost.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (5)

1. A large-scale efficient breeding method of ground fruit seedlings is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1): seedling collection: in different growing areas in the field, searching 2-4-year-old past-aged stem vines with good growth vigor as seedlings, cutting off the top ends of the stem vines and current-aged stem sections on lateral branches by using branch scissors, simultaneously cutting off stem sections which are obviously lignified, cutting the reserved stem vines into 8-10 cm cuttage strips, pruning the cuttage strips, and then carrying out moisture preservation, temperature control, storage and transportation;
s2): establishing a seedbed: selecting a land block with flat terrain and fertile soil as a seedling culture base, deeply ploughing and breaking soil, removing impurities, ditching and ridging the land block, then building the land block into a high-ridge seedbed with narrow top and wide bottom, spreading a layer of mixed soil of light matrix and nutrient soil on the seedbed, and watering and infiltrating the soil on the surface layer of the seedbed;
s3): seedling cuttage: cutting the collected ficus tikoua seedlings in a seedbed, writing corresponding collected information marking boards, inserting the morphological lower ends of the seedlings into soil during cutting, wherein the depth is 4-5 cm, covering a transparent mulching film on the seedbed during cutting in spring, autumn or winter, and covering a transparent mulching film and a black shading net during cutting in summer;
s4): seedling cultivation: after cutting, carrying out heat preservation and moisture preservation cultivation for 1-2 weeks, removing the mulching film and the sunshade net after 2-3 new buds grow out, continuing cultivation for 2-3 weeks, cutting off terminal buds of new branches after the new buds grow into new branches with the length of 8-10 cm, continuing cultivation for 2-3 weeks, and allowing lateral buds to grow into lateral branches with the length of 8-10 cm;
s5): batch cuttage of lateral branches: cutting off the lateral branches obtained by cultivation, cutting the lateral branches into 5-8 cm-long propagation cutting strips, treating the cutting strips by using rooting powder aqueous solution with proper concentration, and performing batch cutting in a newly-built seedbed or a nutrient soil bag;
s6): and (3) complex shearing and breeding: and (4) after cutting off the lateral branches, keeping seedling piles, continuously culturing and inducing the lateral branches to grow so as to continuously obtain new lateral branches.
2. The method for large-scale efficient breeding of fruit seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the seedling collection step, 2-3 half leaves are reserved in each cutting strip when the cutting strips are trimmed, the lower morphological ends of the cutting strips are cut into an inclined pointed shape, and the upper morphological ends of the cutting strips are cut into a round head shape.
3. The method for large-scale efficient breeding of fruit seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the seedbed in the seedbed establishing step is 1.5 meters wide, 10-15 meters long and 20-30 centimeters high in ridges.
4. The method for large-scale efficient breeding of fruit seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the seedling cuttage step, the plant spacing of cuttage strips is 3-5 cm, and the row spacing is 5-8 cm.
5. The method for large-scale efficient breeding of fruit seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the seedling cultivation step, the terminal bud of the new branch is trimmed to be flat, and 1-2 leaves are reserved at the base of the new branch.
CN202011201116.3A 2020-11-02 2020-11-02 Large-scale efficient breeding method for Diguo seedlings Pending CN112438152A (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102113445A (en) * 2010-09-10 2011-07-06 普洱市林业科学研究所 Method for raising seedlings of Pinus kesiya var.langbianensis by efficient twig cuttage propagation
CN103355168A (en) * 2013-07-16 2013-10-23 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 Ficus tikoua rapid propagation method
CN104813896A (en) * 2014-10-08 2015-08-05 合肥丰昇园农业科技有限公司 Method for culturing grape seedlings
CN107396801A (en) * 2017-08-30 2017-11-28 普定县绿源苗业开发有限公司 A kind of cuttage implantation methods of wild country melon
CN109121765A (en) * 2018-07-11 2019-01-04 江西农业大学 A kind of ground fruit autumn crop field large-scale planting method

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102113445A (en) * 2010-09-10 2011-07-06 普洱市林业科学研究所 Method for raising seedlings of Pinus kesiya var.langbianensis by efficient twig cuttage propagation
CN103355168A (en) * 2013-07-16 2013-10-23 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 Ficus tikoua rapid propagation method
CN104813896A (en) * 2014-10-08 2015-08-05 合肥丰昇园农业科技有限公司 Method for culturing grape seedlings
CN107396801A (en) * 2017-08-30 2017-11-28 普定县绿源苗业开发有限公司 A kind of cuttage implantation methods of wild country melon
CN109121765A (en) * 2018-07-11 2019-01-04 江西农业大学 A kind of ground fruit autumn crop field large-scale planting method

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Application publication date: 20210305