CN112401085B - 降低淡水鱼类脂肪沉积率的饲料的制作方法及其应用 - Google Patents
降低淡水鱼类脂肪沉积率的饲料的制作方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112401085B CN112401085B CN202011294347.3A CN202011294347A CN112401085B CN 112401085 B CN112401085 B CN 112401085B CN 202011294347 A CN202011294347 A CN 202011294347A CN 112401085 B CN112401085 B CN 112401085B
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种降低淡水鱼类脂肪沉积率的饲料的制作方法及其应用。所述的饲料包括:白鱼粉、酪蛋白、豆油、鱼油、玉米淀粉、维生素预混物、氯化胆碱、矿物盐预混物、CMC(羟甲基纤维素)和纤维素。本发明的饲料,虽然鱼粉含量较低,但是饲料转化效率依然很高,减少养殖饲料成本,利用本发明提供的饲料饲喂的淡水鱼,可有效降低鱼体脂肪沉积率,降低肝体比,有利于肝脏健康。
Description
本申请是基于2018年01月19日所提交的申请号为201810055668.4、发明创造名称为“一种提高淡水鱼类饲料转化效率和蛋白沉积率的饲料及其应用”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明属于水产养殖饲料领域,尤其涉及一种降低淡水鱼类脂肪沉积率的饲料的制作方法及其应用。
背景技术
中国是世界上最大的水产品生产国,不断增长的水产品总量主要来自于水产养殖业,根据FAO(2006)年的统计,中国水产养殖产量占我国水产总产量的70%左右,占世界水产养殖总产量的70%左右。2016年,我国水产品总产量为69.125万吨,其中养殖产量为5142.39万吨,淡水养殖产量为3179.26万吨,占养殖总产量的61.82%(中国渔业统计年鉴,2017)。水产养殖业的迅速发展高度依赖于水产饲料业的发展(Xie et al.,2013)。
蛋白、脂肪和碳水化合物是水产饲料中重要的能量来源(Lall et al.,2009)。鱼类倾向于利用蛋白,但是饲料中过量的蛋白会转化为能量物质,增加氨氮排放和水体污染(Carvalho et al.,2010)。降低饲料中蛋白的含量并充分利用饲料蛋白有利于降低成本(NRC,2011)。碳水化合物和脂肪是非蛋白能量来源,提高碳水化合物和脂肪的利用能够降低蛋白的使用(Darias et al.,2015)。但是,过量的脂肪或碳水化合物会影响脂肪的稳态,造成养殖鱼类肝脏的脂肪沉积,同时会影响生长、存活率和健康状况(Regost et al.,2011;Li et al.,2016)。
饲料转化效率的高低直接影响饲料成本。目前,饲料生产企业为了控制饲料成本,提高利润空间,经常在饲料配方中使用大量的廉价原料,造成饲料转化效率低下,导致大量的残饵进入水体,严重污染养殖水体。因此,优质、高效的配合饲料是水产养殖业可持续发展的关键因素。
本发明的目的是提高淡水鱼类饲料转化效率以及蛋白沉积率,降低养殖成本,提高养殖经济效益。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供了一种降低淡水鱼类脂肪沉积率的饲料的制作方法,利用该饲料可提高淡水鱼类饲料转化效率以及蛋白沉积率,降低养殖成本,提高养殖经济效益。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供了上述所述饲料在作为淡水鱼饲料中的应用。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采取以下技术措施:
一种降低淡水鱼类脂肪沉积率的饲料,包括:
以上所述的饲料,最佳配比为:
以上所述的饲料,优选的,所述的矿物盐预混物为(克/千克饲料):氯化钠NaCl,500;七水硫酸镁MgSO4·7H2O,8155.6;二水磷酸二氢钠NaH2PO4·2H2O,12500.0;磷酸二氢钾KH2PO4,16000.0;二水磷酸氢钙CaHPO4·2H2O,7650.6;七水硫酸铁FeSO4·7H2O,2286.2;五水乳酸钙C6H10CaO6·5H2O,1750.0;七水硫酸锌ZnSO4·7H2O,178.0;一水硫酸锰MnSO4·H2O,61.4;CuSO4·5H2O,15.5;七水硫酸钴CoSO4·7H2O,0.91;碘化钾KI,1.5;玉米淀粉,899.7。
以上所述的饲料,优选的,所述的维生素预混物为(克/千克饲料):维生素A,110;维生素B1,20,维生素B2,20;维生素B6,20;维生素B12,0.02;维生素C,100;维生素D,20;维生素E,50;维生素K,10;叶酸,5;泛酸钙,50;肌醇,100;烟酸,100;生物素,0.1;纤维素,645.2。
一种降低淡水鱼类脂肪沉积率的饲料在作为淡水鱼饲料中的应用,包括利用本发明提供的饲料用于淡水鱼饲料的制备;或是与其他饲料一起,作为淡水鱼的饲料;以上所述的应用中,优选的,所述的淡水鱼为鲫鱼或团头鲂。
以上所述的应用中,优选的,本发明提供的饲料投喂时,每天表观饱食投喂三次,三次的时间分别为8:30;14:30;19:00。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:
1.本发明的饲料,虽然鱼粉含量较低,但是饲料转化效率依然很高,减少养殖饲料成本。
2.本发明的饲料,可降低脂肪沉积率,降低肝体比,有利于肝脏健康。
具体实施方式
以下实例是对本发明的进一步说明,而不是对本发明的限制。本发明实施例所述技术方案,如未特别说明,均为本领域的常规方案。本发明实施例所用原料全部来自市售原料。
实施例1:
(一)饲料设置:
所述的鱼粉为美国海鲜公司的白鱼粉,购自武汉高龙饲料有限公司;
所述的鱼油为秘鲁鳀鱼油,购自武汉高龙饲料有限公司;
所述的维生素预混物为(克/千克饲料):维生素A,110;维生素B1,20,维生素B2,20;维生素B6,20;维生素B12,0.02;维生素C,100;维生素D,20;维生素E,50;维生素K,10;叶酸,5;泛酸钙,50;肌醇,100;烟酸,100;生物素,0.1;纤维素,645.2。
所述的矿物盐预混物为(克/千克饲料):氯化钠NaCl,500;七水硫酸镁MgSO4·7H2O,8155.6;二水磷酸二氢钠NaH2PO4·2H2O,12500.0;磷酸二氢钾KH2PO4,16000.0;二水磷酸氢钙CaHPO4·2H2O,7650.6;七水硫酸铁FeSO4·7H2O,2286.2;五水乳酸钙C6H10CaO6·5H2O,1750.0;七水硫酸锌ZnSO4·7H2O,178.0;一水硫酸锰MnSO4·H2O,61.4;CuSO4·5H2O,15.5;七水硫酸钴CoSO4·7H2O,0.91;碘化钾KI,1.5;玉米淀粉,899.7。
所述的纤维素为微晶纤维素,购自山东聊城阿华制药有限公司。
(二)加工制备方法
(1)按上述配方称量各原料,将白鱼粉、酪蛋白、豆油、鱼油、玉米淀粉、复合维生素、氯化胆碱、矿物质、粘合剂和纤维素混合,经搅拌机充分混合均匀;
(2)将步骤(1)所述的混合料加水后用颗粒机进行制粒;
(3)将制作出的饲料60℃烘干,得到成品颗粒饲料。
(三)投喂方法
每天表观饱食投喂3次(8:30;14:30;19:00)上述制成的颗粒饲料,室内循环水系统养殖,养殖鱼类为异育银鲫(6.20g),养殖实验持续8周。实验期间光照周期为12L:12D(8:00-20:00光亮),水温为25-27℃;每周监测水体溶氧、氨氮和pH,溶氧7.09±0.12mg/L,氨氮0.18±0.02mg/L。
(四)养殖效果
结果如下:
结果表明:在8周的试验结束时,实验组鲫鱼的体重、摄食量与对照组无显著差异;实验组摄食率(2.73%克体重/天)显著低于对照组(3.01%克体重/天);实验组特定生长率与对照组没有显著差异;实验组饲料效率(84.46%)显著高于对照组(77.69%);实验结束时实验组鱼体蛋白含量、脂肪含量、灰分含量与水分含量与对照组无显著差异;实验组蛋白质沉积率(45.93%)显著高于对照组(38.77%);实验组脂肪沉积率(77.53%)显著低于对照组(127.37%);实验组肝体比(4.85%)显著低于对照组(7.03%);实验组脏体比与对照组无显著差异;实验组肥满度与对照组无显著差异;实验结束时实验组血浆葡萄糖与对照组无显著差异;实验结束时实验组血浆甘油三酯(5.30mM)显著低于对照组(6.77mM);实验结束时实验组血浆游离脂肪酸和胆固醇与对照组无显著差异。
实施例2:
(一)饲料配方
其饲料配方与实施例1相同。
(二)加工制备方法
其加工制备方法与实施例1相同。
(三)投喂方法
其投喂方法与实施例1相同,养殖鱼类为团头鲂,养殖实验持续8周。
(四)养殖效果
结果如下:
结果表明:在8周的试验结束时,实验组团头鲂的体重、摄食量、摄食率以及特定生长率与对照组无显著差异;实验组饲料效率(87.69%)显著高于对照组(81.54%);实验结束时实验组鱼体蛋白含量、脂肪含量、灰分含量与水分含量与对照组无显著差异;实验组蛋白质沉积率(45.70%)显著高于对照组(40.22%);实验组脂肪沉积率(71.58%)显著低于对照组(114.81%);实验组肝体比(1.30%)显著低于对照组(1.78%);实验组脏体比和肥满度与对照组无显著差异;实验结束时实验组血浆葡萄糖、甘油三酯和游离脂肪酸与对照组无显著差异;实验结束时实验组血浆胆固醇(6.87mM)显著低于对照组(8.96mM)。
Claims (6)
1.一种降低淡水鱼类脂肪沉积率的饲料的制作方法,其特征在于,所述淡水鱼为异育银鲫或者团头鲂,该制作方法包括如下步骤:
S1,按重量份数计,取白鱼粉13-17份、酪蛋白22-26份、豆油5-7份、鱼油5-7份、玉米淀粉13-17份、维生素预混物0.30-0.50份、氯化胆碱0.07-0.15份、矿物盐预混物4-6份、CMC2-4份和纤维素23.5-27.5份混合,经搅拌机充分混合均匀,得到混合料;
S2,将步骤S1得到的混合料加水后用颗粒机进行制粒,得饲料颗粒;
S3,将步骤S2得到的饲料颗粒60℃烘干,得到成品颗粒饲料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的降低淡水鱼类脂肪沉积率的饲料的制作方法,其特征在于:在步骤S1中,所述白鱼粉为15份、酪蛋白为24份、豆油为6份、鱼油为6份、玉米淀粉为15份、维生素预混物为0.39份、氯化胆碱为0.11份、矿物盐预混物为5份、CMC为3份和纤维素为25.5份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的降低淡水鱼类脂肪沉积率的饲料的制作方法,其特征在于:所述矿物盐预混物为,克/千克饲料:氯化钠NaCl,500;七水硫酸镁MgSO4・7H2O,8155.6;二水磷酸二氢钠 NaH2PO4・2H2O,12500.0;磷酸二氢钾KH2PO4,16000.0;二水磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4・2H2O,7650.6;七水硫酸铁FeSO4・7H2O,2286.2;五水乳酸钙 C6H10CaO6・5H2O,1750.0;七水硫酸锌ZnSO4・7H2O,178.0;一水硫酸锰 MnSO4・H2O,61.4;CuSO4・5H2O,15.5;七水硫酸钴CoSO4・7H2O,0.91;碘化钾KI,1.5;玉米淀粉,899.7。
4.根据权利要求1所述的降低淡水鱼类脂肪沉积率的饲料的制作方法,其特征在于:所述维生素预混物为,克/千克饲料:维生素A,110;维生素B1,20,维生素B2,20;维生素B6,20;维生素B12,0.02;维生素C,100;维生素D,20;维生素E,50;维生素K,10;叶酸,5;泛酸钙,50;肌醇,100;烟酸,100;生物素,0.1;纤维素,645.2。
5.一种降低淡水鱼类脂肪沉积率的饲料的应用,其特征在于,所述饲料根据权利要求1-4中任一权利要求所述的制作方法制备得到,用于养殖淡水鱼;养殖条件为:室内循环水系统养殖,光照周期为12L:12D,水温为25-27℃;控制水体溶氧为7.09±0.12mg/L,氨氮为0.18±0.02mg/L。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于:每天表观饱食投喂三次,三次的时间分别为8:30;14:30;19:00。
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