CN112374860A - 一种瓷器釉下装饰材料及其制备与应用方法 - Google Patents
一种瓷器釉下装饰材料及其制备与应用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
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- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;potassium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[K+] DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
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- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种瓷器釉下装饰材料,由如下重量比成分调配而成:坯料70~80%;钾长石1~8%;熔块7~12%;着色剂10~20%。本发明还提供了一种瓷器釉下装饰材料的制备方法。本发明又提供了一种瓷器釉下装饰材料的应用方法。本发明的一种瓷器釉下装饰材料及其制备与应用方法通过对装饰材料的创新,将坯料、钾长石、熔块与着色料进行有机的结合,使装饰材料能够与瓷器的坯件、釉层良好结合,解决了传统的釉下装饰材料不能浓彩和厚彩的难题,提高了瓷器装饰的质感和效果,同时提高了产品合格率,制成的瓷器制品釉下彩绘装饰效果良好,色泽均匀,质感强,显色好,卫生要求符合相关国家标准要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于陶瓷制备技术领域,具体地说,涉及一种瓷器釉下装饰材料及其制备与应用方法。
背景技术
现代的瓷器的质量和档次不断提高,外观装饰五花八门。传统装饰材料有:1、釉料(包括熔块)结合颜色料,形成纯釉质材料,不宜釉下使用;2、坯料(坯体生产用泥料)结合颜色料,成为化妆土装饰料,可釉下装饰,但光泽度欠佳,色泽不均匀;3、纯颜色料,不宜大面积装饰,关泽度欠佳,色彩不均匀。
对于用于接触食物的日用瓷器来说,更偏重于釉下装饰,因为釉层可以保护装饰层,并使铅镉溶出量得到有效控制。釉下装饰材料通常都是采用成品颜色料,在施工过程必须是薄彩,影响了装饰层或装饰花面的质感;当色料层加厚时,容易产生结合不良的后果。制备专用的釉下装饰材料,使装饰材料的成份与瓷器胎件成份相近,能良好结合,并可加厚和大面积装饰。再加上透明釉的表面遮盖,能使瓷器的装饰效果大幅度增强,也使瓷器制品不因色差而产生不合格。
发明内容
本发明的所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种能够适用于不同材质的瓷器,具有显色饱和,光泽度高,卫生要求符合相关国家标准要求,成品合格率高的瓷器釉下装饰材料及其制备与应用方法。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案为:
一种瓷器釉下装饰材料,由如下重量比成分调配而成:
坯料 70~80%;
钾长石 1~8%;
熔块 7~12%;
着色剂 10~20%。
具体的,所述熔块由如下重量比成分调配而成:
钾长石 35~45%;
石英 15~25%;
方解石 10~16%;
白云石 1~5%;
氧化锌 2~6%;
氧化锆 1~3%;
煅烧高岭土 4~12%;
高岭土淘洗泥 3~5%;
硼砂 3~8%。
优选的,所述着色剂为成品颜色料或矿物料的其中一种或至少两种组合。
本发明解决上述技术问题的另一技术方案为:
一种制备如上述瓷器釉下装饰材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
备料,按配方选取对应比例的成分,研磨成粉末备用;
熔块制备,按比例取钾长石、石英、方解石、白云石、氧化锌、氧化锆、煅烧高岭土、高岭土淘洗泥、硼砂,放入熔炉中熔炼,熔炼后经水淬形成固体的熔块,并研磨成粉末备用;
球磨,将坯料、钾长石、熔块和着色剂均匀混合后放入球磨机中进行湿法球磨,球磨后过325目筛,获得球磨物;
调配,往球磨物中加入清水调配成浓度为30~50波美度的浆液,获得瓷器釉下装饰材料。
具体的,所述熔块制备步骤中制备的熔块采用常规的熔炼处理方式制备。
本发明解决上述技术问题的又一技术方案为:
一种使用如上述瓷器釉下装饰材料的应用方法,包含如下步骤:
坯体制备,选用坯料,通过陶瓷坯体制备手段制备形成泥质坯体;
修坯,对泥质坯体进行表面处理,使泥质坯体表面平整;
坯件素烧,将修坯后的泥质坯体放置到窑炉中进行素烧,素烧温度为700℃,形成素烧胎件;
颜色装饰,取用通过上述制备方法制备的瓷器釉下装饰材料,对素烧胎件的外观进行装饰;
胎件烤烧,将颜色装饰完成的素烧胎件放置到窑炉中进行烤烧,烤烧温度为900℃,获得半成品瓷器;
湿式抛光,采用湿式抛光机对半成品瓷器的表面进行湿式抛光,使半成品瓷器的外观表面光滑;
施釉,选用透明釉对湿式抛光后的半成品瓷器进行施釉;
烧成,将经过施釉步骤后的半成品瓷器放入窑炉中进行烧制,烧成温度为1260℃,烧成气氛为氧化气氛,获得成品的釉下装饰瓷器。
优选的,所述颜色装饰步骤中,采用浸液方式或喷液方式进行外观装饰。
具体的,所述浸液方式用于空心器型,所述喷液方式用于平面器型。
具体的,所述湿式抛光步骤中所使用的方式为往湿式抛光机中加入刚玉砂和清水,再将半成品瓷器放入湿式抛光机中进行抛光,抛光时间为2小时。
具体的,所述施釉步骤中的釉液浓度为32波美度,采用常规施釉方式进行施釉。
本发明具有以下有益效果:通过对装饰材料的创新,将坯料、钾长石、熔块与着色料进行有机的结合,使装饰材料能够与瓷器的坯件、釉层良好结合,解决了传统的釉下装饰材料不能浓彩和厚彩的难题,提高了瓷器装饰的质感和效果,同时提高了产品合格率,制成的瓷器制品釉下彩绘装饰效果良好,色泽均匀,质感强,显色好,卫生要求符合相关国家标准要求。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做详细说明。
本发明提供的一种瓷器釉下装饰材料,由如下重量比成分调配而成:
坯料 70~80%;
钾长石 1~8%;
熔块 7~12%;
着色剂 10~20%。
其中坯料为坯体的生产用料,选用和坯体生产一致的材料,保证材料的贴合性,使其能够有效的结合。
具体的,所述熔块由如下重量比成分调配而成:
钾长石 35~45%;
石英 15~25%;
方解石 10~16%;
白云石 1~5%;
氧化锌 2~6%;
氧化锆 1~3%;
煅烧高岭土 4~12%;
高岭土淘洗泥 3~5%;
硼砂 3~8%。
优选的,所述着色剂为成品颜色料或矿物料的其中一种或至少两种组合。
本发明提供的制备上述瓷器釉下装饰材料的一种瓷器釉下装饰材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
备料,按配方选取对应比例的成分,研磨成粉末备用;将原来预先研磨成粉末,方便混合。
熔块制备,按比例取钾长石、石英、方解石、白云石、氧化锌、氧化锆、煅烧高岭土、高岭土淘洗泥、硼砂,放入熔炉中熔炼,熔炼后经水淬形成固体的熔块,并研磨成粉末备用;具体的,所述熔块制备步骤中制备的熔块采用常规的熔炼处理方式制备。熔块制备是本发明的主要步骤,但其与传统熔块的配方并不相同,虽然采用传统熔块的方式进行处理,但其主要的作用是为了后续施釉后,能够与釉层有机结合,保证制品烧成后的光泽度。而钾长石主要是保证烧成过程中,瓷器釉下装饰材料与坯体相互结合匹配,保证烧成过程中,不会产生裂纹等缺陷。
球磨,将坯料、钾长石、熔块和着色剂均匀混合后放入球磨机中进行湿法球磨,球磨后过325目筛,获得球磨物;四者不同比例的调和后,均需球磨后果325目筛。
调配,往球磨物中加入清水调配成浓度为30~50波美度的浆液,获得瓷器釉下装饰材料。
实施例1:
本发明实施例1的一种瓷器釉下装饰材料的应用方法,包含如下步骤:
坯体制备,选用坯料,通过陶瓷坯体制备手段制备形成泥质坯体;本实施例中,采用长石质瓷生产用坯料。泥质坯体的生产已经为成熟的技术,仅需按照现有技术进行制备即可。
修坯,对泥质坯体进行表面处理,使泥质坯体表面平整;将坯体表面处理平整后,有利于后续进行颜色装饰,方便瓷器釉下装饰材料的贴附以及与坯体的结合。
坯件素烧,将修坯后的泥质坯体放置到窑炉中进行素烧,素烧温度为700℃,形成素烧胎件;将坯体进行素烧,使其形成具有一定硬度的素烧胎件,保证后续处理时,不会发生变形的情况。该步骤中,素烧时间为3~6小时。
颜色装饰,取用通过上述制备方法制备的瓷器釉下装饰材料,对素烧胎件的外观进行装饰;本实施例中,瓷器釉下装饰材料选取75%坯料、5%钾长石、10%熔块与10%着色剂的重量比成分混合制备而成,其中熔块由重量比钾长石40%,石英20%,方解石13%,白云石3%,氧化锌4%,氧化锆2%,煅烧高岭土8%,高岭土淘洗泥4%,硼砂6%混合熔炼而成。优选的,该步骤中,采用浸液方式或喷液方式进行外观装饰,所述浸液方式用于空心器型,所述喷液方式用于平面器型。由于此时颜色已经通过瓷器釉下装饰材料制成,与素烧胎件的本体并无太大关联,因此,即使采用重彩的方式,也不会让素烧胎件感染过多的杂质,而且彩绘花面最终是处于釉层之下,因此,能够保证最终产出的成品符合国家相关标准规定的卫生要求。采用喷液方式进行装饰的瓷器釉下装饰材料采用波美度为40~50的浆液,而采用浸液方式进行装饰的瓷器釉下装饰材料采用波美度为30~40的浆液。本实施例中生产的为空心瓷器,采用浸液方式进行装饰,采用的瓷器釉下装饰材料为波美度为32的浆液。
胎件烤烧,将颜色装饰完成的素烧胎件放置到窑炉中进行烤烧,烤烧温度为900℃,获得半成品瓷器;经过烤烧后的半成品瓷器,瓷器釉下装置材料已经与半成品瓷器完全结合在一起,形成一体的结构,也就是半成品瓷器已经完成着色。该步骤中,烤烧时间为4~8小时。
湿式抛光,采用湿式抛光机对半成品瓷器的表面进行湿式抛光,使半成品瓷器的外观表面光滑;具体的,该步骤中所使用的方式为往湿式抛光机中加入刚玉砂和清水,再将半成品瓷器放入湿式抛光机中进行抛光,抛光时间为2小时。经过抛光后的半成品瓷器表面颜色均匀,显色饱和,并且抛光后的表面,有利于与釉面相互结合,使釉面能够具有足够的光泽度。
施釉,选用透明釉对湿式抛光后的半成品瓷器进行施釉;具体的,该步骤中的釉液浓度为32波美度,采用常规施釉方式进行施釉。采用透明釉使烧成后釉下装饰瓷器具有更好的光泽度,并能能够有效保护花面,施釉也采用常规长石质瓷器常规的施釉方法进行施釉。
烧成,将经过施釉步骤后的半成品瓷器放入窑炉中进行烧制,烧成温度为1260℃,烧成气氛为氧化气氛,获得成品的釉下装饰瓷器。该步骤中烧成时间为10~12小时。
实施例2:
本发明实施例2的一种瓷器釉下装饰材料的应用方法,包含如下步骤:
坯体制备,选用坯料,通过陶瓷坯体制备手段制备形成泥质坯体;本实施例中,采用骨质瓷生产用坯料。泥质坯体的生产已经为成熟的技术,仅需按照现有技术进行制备即可。
修坯,对泥质坯体进行表面处理,使泥质坯体表面平整;将坯体表面处理平整后,有利于后续进行颜色装饰,方便瓷器釉下装饰材料的贴附以及与坯体的结合。
坯件素烧,将修坯后的泥质坯体放置到窑炉中进行素烧,素烧温度为700℃,形成素烧胎件;将坯体进行素烧,使其形成具有一定硬度的素烧胎件,保证后续处理时,不会发生变形的情况。该步骤中,素烧时间为3~6小时。
颜色装饰,取用通过上述制备方法制备的瓷器釉下装饰材料,对素烧胎件的外观进行装饰;本实施例中,瓷器釉下装饰材料选取70%坯料、6%钾长石、12%熔块与12%着色剂的重量比成分混合制备而成,其中熔块由重量比钾长石45%,石英15%,方解石11%,白云石4%,氧化锌5%,氧化锆3%,煅烧高岭土10%,高岭土淘洗泥3%,硼砂4%混合熔炼而成。优选的,该步骤中,采用浸液方式或喷液方式进行外观装饰,所述浸液方式用于空心器型,所述喷液方式用于平面器型。由于此时颜色已经通过瓷器釉下装饰材料制成,与素烧胎件的本体并无太大关联,因此,即使采用重彩的方式,也不会让素烧胎件感染过多的杂质,而且花面最终处于釉层下,因此,能够保证最终产出的成品符合国家相关标准规定的卫生要求。采用喷液方式进行装饰的瓷器釉下装饰材料采用波美度为40~50的浆液,而采用浸液方式进行装饰的瓷器釉下装饰材料采用波美度为30~40的浆液。本实施例中生产的为平面瓷器,采用浸液方式进行装饰,采用的瓷器釉下装饰材料为波美度为48的浆液。
胎件烤烧,将颜色装饰完成的素烧胎件放置到窑炉中进行烤烧,烤烧温度为900℃,获得半成品瓷器;经过烤烧后的半成品瓷器,瓷器釉下装置材料已经与半成品瓷器完全结合在一起,形成一体的结构,也就是半成品瓷器已经完成着色。该步骤中,烤烧时间为4~8小时。
湿式抛光,采用湿式抛光机对半成品瓷器的表面进行湿式抛光,使半成品瓷器的外观表面光滑;具体的,该步骤中所使用的方式为往湿式抛光机中加入刚玉砂和清水,再将半成品瓷器放入湿式抛光机中进行抛光,抛光时间为2小时。经过抛光后的半成品瓷器表面颜色均匀,显色饱和,并且抛光后的表面,有利于与釉面相互结合,使釉面能够具有足够的光泽度。
施釉,选用透明釉对湿式抛光后的半成品瓷器进行施釉;具体的,该步骤中的釉液浓度为32波美度,采用常规施釉方式进行施釉。采用透明釉使烧成后釉下装饰瓷器具有更好的光泽度,并能能够有效保护花面,施釉也采用常规骨质瓷器常规的施釉方法进行施釉。
烧成,将经过施釉步骤后的半成品瓷器放入窑炉中进行烧制,烧成温度为1260℃,烧成气氛为氧化气氛,获得成品的釉下装饰瓷器。该步骤中烧成时间为10~12小时。
本发明中,通过将坯料、钾长石、熔块、颜色料等四者进行结合,其目的是针对坯料的轻度釉质化,使颜色料能与坯料结合后提高光泽度,但是,轻度釉质化装饰料与产品坯体或胎体结合中,会产生收缩不一致,会产生开裂、脱落等现象,通过加入钾长石去调和,使烧成幅度放宽,使烧成中可满足颜色料的温度要求,所有材料都能顺利结合并在不同温度变化中完好烧成,也就是说,这种配方对于中温烧和高温烧瓷器都适用,而且能够进行大面积装饰、厚彩,装饰花面可处于釉下,形成釉下彩。
此外,本发明提供的釉下装饰材料的釉质化是轻度的,还是以坯料为主要成分,因而不是釉料,因此,在经过施釉后能够具有较好的光泽度,与传统的化妆土形成的明显的对比,这种配方是前所未有的,以轻度釉质化的方式使颜色料显色饱和,光泽度高,并可广泛使用。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所做的进一步详细说明,不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干简单推演或替换,都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种瓷器釉下装饰材料,其特征在于,由如下重量比成分调配而成:
坯料 70~80%;
钾长石 1~8%;
熔块 7~12%;
着色剂 10~20%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的瓷器釉下装饰材料,其特征在于:所述熔块由如下重量比成分调配而成:
钾长石 35~45%;
石英 15~25%;
方解石 10~16%;
白云石 1~5%;
氧化锌 2~6%;
氧化锆 1~3%;
煅烧高岭土 4~12%;
高岭土淘洗泥 3~5%;
硼砂 3~8%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的瓷器釉下装饰材料,其特征在于:所述着色剂为成品颜色料或矿物料的其中一种或至少两种组合。
4.一种制备如权利要求1-3所述瓷器釉下装饰材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
备料,按配方选取对应比例的成分,研磨成粉末备用;
熔块制备,按比例取钾长石、石英、方解石、白云石、氧化锌、氧化锆、煅烧高岭土、高岭土淘洗泥、硼砂,放入熔炉中熔炼,熔炼后经水淬形成固体的熔块,并研磨成粉末备用;
球磨,将坯料、钾长石、熔块和着色剂均匀混合后放入球磨机中进行湿法球磨,球磨后过325目筛,获得球磨物;
调配,往球磨物中加入清水调配成浓度为30~50波美度的浆液,获得瓷器釉下装饰材料。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述熔块制备步骤中制备的熔块采用常规的熔炼处理方式制备。
6.一种使用如权利要求1-3所述瓷器釉下装饰材料的应用方法,其特征在于,包含如下步骤:
坯体制备,选用坯料,通过陶瓷坯体制备手段制备形成泥质坯体;
修坯,对泥质坯体进行表面处理,使泥质坯体表面平整;
坯件素烧,将修坯后的泥质坯体放置到窑炉中进行素烧,素烧温度为700℃,形成素烧胎件;
颜色装饰,取用通过权利要求4-5所述制备方法制备的瓷器釉下装饰材料,对素烧胎件的外观进行装饰;
胎件烤烧,将颜色装饰完成的素烧胎件放置到窑炉中进行烤烧,烤烧温度为900℃,获得半成品瓷器;
湿式抛光,采用湿式抛光机对半成品瓷器的表面进行湿式抛光,使半成品瓷器的外观表面光滑;
施釉,选用透明釉对湿式抛光后的半成品瓷器进行施釉;
烧成,将经过施釉步骤后的半成品瓷器放入窑炉中进行烧制,烧成温度为1260℃,烧成气氛为氧化气氛,获得成品的釉下装饰瓷器。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用方法,其特征在于:所述颜色装饰步骤中,采用浸液方式或喷液方式进行外观装饰。
8.根据权利要求7所述的应用方法,其特征在于:所述浸液方式用于空心器型,所述喷液方式用于平面器型。
9.根据权利要求6所述的应用方法,其特征在于:所述湿式抛光步骤中所使用的方式为往湿式抛光机中加入刚玉砂和清水,再将半成品瓷器放入湿式抛光机中进行抛光,抛光时间为2小时。
10.根据权利要求6所述的应用方法,其特征在于:所述施釉步骤中的釉液浓度为32波美度,采用常规施釉方式进行施釉。
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Denomination of invention: A porcelain underglaze decorative material and its preparation and application method Effective date of registration: 20231214 Granted publication date: 20220909 Pledgee: China Co. truction Bank Corp Chaozhou branch Pledgor: Guangdong Songfa Ceramics Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2023980071819 |