CN107216127B - 德化珍珠白瓷器及其制备工艺 - Google Patents

德化珍珠白瓷器及其制备工艺 Download PDF

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CN107216127B
CN107216127B CN201710474639.7A CN201710474639A CN107216127B CN 107216127 B CN107216127 B CN 107216127B CN 201710474639 A CN201710474639 A CN 201710474639A CN 107216127 B CN107216127 B CN 107216127B
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pearl white
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李建民
李双展
王小龙
王人杰
查婉华
苏俊基
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Dehua Productivity Promotion Center
Ceramics Science & Technology Research Inst Quanzhou
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Ceramics Science & Technology Research Inst Quanzhou
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Abstract

本发明属于陶瓷制品领域，涉及一种德化珍珠白瓷器及制备工艺。德化珍珠白瓷器，包括珍珠白坯体和珍珠白釉料。所制备的德化珍珠白瓷器釉面具有奶白色的珍珠光泽，具有与传统的德化珍珠白瓷器最为接近的艺术效果。制备的德化珍珠白瓷器釉面经检测珍珠白瓷表面的折射率在1.4‑1.5之间，釉面对光能反射出奶白色的光芒，光线丰富多变、不呆板，变换角度还可以看见细碎的变换的晕彩；该种德化珍珠白瓷器的釉面比较厚，既可使釉面的珍珠光泽度更明显，又可以增加瓷器本体的肥厚感；此外珍珠白釉料对坯体的遮蔽性好，可适当降低坯体原料中高岭土的品质和含量，使用低价的膨润土代替，降低生产成本。

Description

德化珍珠白瓷器及其制备工艺
技术领域
本发明属于陶瓷制品领域，具体地说，本发明涉及一种德化珍珠白瓷器及制备工艺。
背景技术
德化白瓷，萌芽于宋元，弛誉于明代，延制于清初，在我国白瓷系统中具有独特的风格，在陶瓷发展史上占有重要地位，在国际上有“东方艺术”之声誉。明清时期的德化白瓷，以含铁量低的瓷坯施以透明釉烧制而成。明代德化白瓷胎骨洁白，坚实致密，其胎釉的技术工艺极力追求玉器质感的完美性，在琳琅满目的瓷坛上独树一帜。根据瓷色的不同，又分别为猪油白、象牙白、珍珠白、等，如猪油白胎白质坚，白润如脂，象牙白瓷色白中蕴黄(白度低于猪油白)，宛如象牙。
珍珠白瓷是的德化白瓷中较小众的品种之一，珍珠白瓷器的白度介于猪油白和象牙白之间，但珍珠白的釉面会泛出一层奶白色的珍珠光泽，给人以含蓄、高雅、朦胧、柔和的美感。明代时珍珠白就是德化白瓷中的珍品，但存世量极少。传统珍珠白瓷的原料及烧制工艺失传，而现有白瓷在色泽上无法实现珍珠光泽。
通过对陶瓷原料控制和烧成工艺上的改良是传承和推广传统德化珍珠白瓷器的必要手段，在改良的过程中必须最大限度的保证经改良所生产出的瓷器与传统的德化珍珠白瓷器具有最为接近的艺术效果，同时降低珍珠白瓷器的成本、提高烧成率，在改良的过程中对原料的选择和烧制工艺的控制是必须解决的技术难题。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，提供一种与传统德化白瓷中珍珠白瓷器的釉面效果最为接近的陶瓷制品。
为实现上述目的，德化珍珠白瓷器，包括珍珠白坯体和珍珠白釉料，
所述珍珠白坯体，其重量份如下：高岭土30-40份、骨粉25-30份、德化石英10-15份、长石5-10份、方解石5-10份、膨润土3-8份；
所述珍珠白釉料，其重量份如下：透明釉熔块70-80份、白云石5-10份、高岭土3-8份、骨粉1-5份、煅烧碳酸锶1-5份、荧光粉1-5份、纳米银粉1-5份、纳米铂粉1-5份。
优选的，所述珍珠白坯体，其重量份如下：高岭土37份、骨粉28份、德化石英14份、长石9份、方解石8份、膨润土4份。
优选的，所述透明釉熔块的化学组分如下：SiO2 50-55％、Al2O3 7-8％、B2O3 9-10％、CaO 10-11％、MgO 3.5-4.5％、ZnO 5-7％、Na2O 0.5-1％、K2O 1-2％、Mn 0.03-0.05％、I.L 5-6％。
优选的，珍珠白釉料，其重量份如下：透明釉熔块77份、白云石6份、高岭土4份、骨粉3份、煅烧碳酸锶4份、荧光粉2份、纳米银粉3份、纳米铂粉1份。
优选的，所述透明釉熔块的化学组分如下：SiO2 54％、Al2O3 7.5％、B2O3 9.3％、CaO 10.8％、MgO 4.26％、ZnO 6.8％、Na2O 0.8％、K2O 1.5％、Mn 0.04％、I.L 5％。
德化珍珠白瓷器的制备工艺，制备上述任一项所述的德化珍珠白瓷器，具体步骤如下：
步骤1，按珍珠白坯体原料配方称重配料，原料分别粉碎、混合、湿法球磨，制得珍珠白坯料；
步骤2，按珍珠白釉料原料配方，先将透明釉熔块、白云石、高岭土混合、湿法球磨，获得釉浆，再将骨粉、煅烧碳酸锶、荧光粉、纳米银粉、纳米铂粉按照重量份加入釉浆中混合，制得珍珠白釉料；
步骤3，将步骤1制得的珍珠白坯料制成陶瓷坯体；
步骤4，使用步骤2制得的珍珠白釉料对步骤3制成陶瓷坯体施釉，且釉面厚度大于0.3mm；
步骤5，待陶瓷坯体上的珍珠白釉料干燥后放入窑炉中，在先氧化后还原的气氛中烧制成型，烧成温度为1320-1330℃。
优选的，所述步骤2中珍珠白釉料球磨时，原料在球磨机中湿法研磨3-5小时，研磨介质为水，原料：球：水＝0.8:1:1-1.2。
优选的，所述步骤4中的施釉方式包括多道的淋釉、浸釉、喷釉或者其组合。
优选的，所述步骤5中的陶瓷坯体入窑时坯体含水率为1-2％。
优选的，所述步骤5中烧成控制如下：
低温段：窑炉内在氧化气氛，经2-3小时由常温升至300℃；
升温段：窑炉继续升温，经过3-4小时升温至1000℃；
降温段，窑炉内经3-4小时降温至750℃，窑炉在750℃保温1-2小时；
还原段：窑炉内转还原气氛，经过3-4小时升温至烧成温度，并在烧成温度状态下保温30-40分钟；
冷却段：窑炉内冷却至60-30℃，冷却时间延长至12小时以上。
由上述对本发明的描述可知，本发明提供的德化珍珠白瓷器，所制备的德化珍珠白瓷器釉面具有奶白色的珍珠光泽，具有与传统的德化珍珠白瓷器最为接近的艺术效果。制备的德化珍珠白瓷器釉面经检测珍珠白瓷表面的折射率在1.4-1.5之间，釉面对光能反射出奶白色的光芒，光线丰富多变、不呆板，变换角度还可以看见细碎的变换的晕彩；该种德化珍珠白瓷器的釉面比较厚，既可使釉面的珍珠光泽度更明显，又可以增加瓷器本体的肥厚感；此外珍珠白釉料对坯体的遮蔽性好，可适当降低坯体原料中高岭土的品质和含量，使用低价的膨润土代替，降低生产成本。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的描述。
德化珍珠白瓷器，其特征在于，包括珍珠白坯体和珍珠白釉料，
所述珍珠白坯体，其重量份如下：高岭土30-40份、骨粉25-30份、德化石英10-15份、长石5-10份、方解石5-10份、膨润土3-8份；
所述珍珠白釉料，其重量份如下：透明釉熔块70-80份、白云石5-10份、高岭土3-8份、骨粉1-5份、煅烧碳酸锶1-5份、荧光粉1-5份、纳米银粉1-5份、纳米铂粉1-5份，且透明釉熔块的化学组分如下：SiO2 50-55％、Al2O3 7-8％、B2O3 9-10％、CaO 10-11％、MgO 3.5-4.5％、ZnO 5-7％、Na2O 0.5-1％、K2O 1-2％、Mn 0.03-0.05％、I.L 5-6％。
具体实施例一：
德化珍珠白瓷器，包括珍珠白坯体和珍珠白釉料，
珍珠白坯体，其重量份如下：高岭土37份、骨粉28份、德化石英14份、长石9份、方解石8份、膨润土4份；
珍珠白釉料，其重量份如下：透明釉熔块77份、白云石6份、高岭土4份、骨粉3份、煅烧碳酸锶4份、荧光粉2份、纳米银粉3份、纳米铂粉1份，且透明釉料熔块的化学组分如下：SiO2 54％、Al2O3 7.5％、B2O3 9.3％、CaO 10.8％、MgO 4.26％、ZnO 6.8％、Na2O 0.8％、K2O1.5％、Mn 0.04％、I.L 5％。
具体实施例二：
德化珍珠白瓷器，其特征在于，包括珍珠白坯体和珍珠白釉料，
所述珍珠白坯体，其重量份如下：高岭土34份、骨粉29份、德化石英14份、长石9份、方解石8份、膨润土6份；
所述珍珠白釉料，其重量份如下：透明釉熔块73份、白云石8份、高岭土6份、骨粉3份、煅烧碳酸锶2份、荧光粉4份、纳米银粉2份、纳米铂粉2份，且透明釉料熔块的化学组分如下：SiO2 54％、Al2O3 7.8％、B2O3 9.6％、CaO 10.2％、MgO 3.78％、ZnO 6.2％、Na2O0.66％、K2O 1.92％、Mn 0.04％、I.L 5.8％。
德化珍珠白瓷器的制备工艺，其特征在于，制备上述的德化珍珠白瓷器，具体步骤如下：
步骤1，按珍珠白坯体原料配方称重配料，原料分别粉碎、混合、湿法球磨，制得珍珠白坯料；
步骤2，按珍珠白釉料原料配方，先将透明釉熔块、白云石、高岭土混合、湿法球磨获得釉浆，原料在球磨机中湿法研磨3-5小时，研磨介质为水，原料：球：水＝0.8:1:1-1.2，再将骨粉、煅烧碳酸锶、荧光粉、纳米银粉、纳米铂粉按照重量份加入釉浆中混合，制得珍珠白釉料；
步骤3，将步骤1制得的珍珠白坯料制成陶瓷坯体；
步骤4，使用步骤2制得的珍珠白釉料对步骤3制成陶瓷坯体施釉，施釉方式包括多道的淋釉、浸釉、喷釉或者其组合，且釉面厚度大于0.3mm；
步骤5，待陶瓷坯体上的珍珠白釉料干燥后放入窑炉中，陶瓷坯体入窑时坯体含水率为1-2％，在先氧化后还原的气氛中烧制成型，烧成温度为1320-1330℃；烧成控制如下：
低温段：窑炉内在氧化气氛，经2-3小时由常温升至300℃；
升温段：窑炉继续升温，经过3-4小时升温至1000℃；
降温段，窑炉内经3-4小时降温至750℃，窑炉在750℃保温1-2小时；
还原段：窑炉内转还原气氛，经过3-4小时升温至烧成温度，并在烧成温度状态下保温30-40分钟；
冷却段：窑炉内冷却至60-30℃，冷却时间延长至12小时以上。
本发明提供的德化珍珠白瓷器，所制备的德化珍珠白瓷器釉面具有奶白色的珍珠光泽，具有与传统的德化珍珠白瓷器最为接近的艺术效果。制备的德化珍珠白瓷器釉面经检测珍珠白瓷表面的折射率在1.4-1.5之间，釉面对光能反射出奶白色的光芒，光线丰富多变、不呆板，变换角度还可以看见细碎的变换的晕彩；该种德化珍珠白瓷器的釉面比较厚，既可使釉面的珍珠光泽度更明显，又可以增加瓷器本体的肥厚感；此外珍珠白釉料对坯体的遮蔽性好，可适当降低坯体原料中高岭土的品质和含量，使用低价的膨润土代替，降低生产成本。
上述仅为本发明的几个具体实施方式，但本发明的设计构思并不局限于此，凡利用此构思对本发明进行非实质性的改动，均应属于侵犯本发明保护范围的行为。

Claims (10)

1.德化珍珠白瓷器，其特征在于，包括珍珠白坯体和珍珠白釉料，
所述珍珠白坯体，其重量份如下：高岭土30-40份、骨粉25-30份、德化石英10-15份、长石5-10份、方解石5-10份、膨润土3-8份；
所述珍珠白釉料，其重量份如下：透明釉熔块70-80份、白云石5-10份、高岭土3-8份、骨粉1-5份、煅烧碳酸锶1-5份、荧光粉1-5份、纳米银粉1-5份、纳米铂粉1-5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的德化珍珠白瓷器，其特征在于，所述珍珠白坯体，其重量份如下：高岭土37份、骨粉28份、德化石英14份、长石9份、方解石8份、膨润土4份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的德化珍珠白瓷器，其特征在于，所述透明釉熔块的化学组分如下：SiO2 50-55％、Al2O3 7-8％、B2O3 9-10％、CaO 10-11％、MgO 3.5-4.5％、ZnO 5-7％、Na2O 0.5-1％、K2O 1-2％、Mn 0.03-0.05％、I.L 5-6％。
4.根据权利要求3所述的德化珍珠白瓷器，其特征在于，珍珠白釉料，其重量份如下：透明釉熔块77份、白云石6份、高岭土4份、骨粉3份、煅烧碳酸锶4份、荧光粉2份、纳米银粉3份、纳米铂粉1份。
5.根据权利要求4所述的德化珍珠白瓷器，其特征在于，所述透明釉熔块的化学组分如下：SiO2 54％、Al2O3 7.5％、B2O3 9.3％、CaO 10.8％、MgO 4.26％、ZnO 6.8％、Na2O 0.8％、K2O 1.5％、Mn 0.04％、I.L 5％。
6.德化珍珠白瓷器的制备工艺，其特征在于，制备权利要求1-5任一项所述的德化珍珠白瓷器，具体步骤如下：
步骤1，按珍珠白坯体原料配方称重配料，原料分别粉碎、混合、湿法球磨，制得珍珠白坯料；
步骤2，按珍珠白釉料原料配方，先将透明釉熔块、白云石、高岭土混合、湿法球磨，获得釉浆，再将骨粉、煅烧碳酸锶、荧光粉、纳米银粉、纳米铂粉按照重量份加入釉浆中混合，制得珍珠白釉料；
步骤3，将步骤1制得的珍珠白坯料制成陶瓷坯体；
步骤4，使用步骤2制得的珍珠白釉料对步骤3制成陶瓷坯体施釉，且釉面厚度大于0.3mm；
步骤5，待陶瓷坯体上的珍珠白釉料干燥后放入窑炉中，在先氧化后还原的气氛中烧制成型，烧成温度为1320-1330℃。
7.根据权利要求6所述的德化珍珠白瓷器的制备工艺，其特征在于：所述步骤2中珍珠白釉料球磨时，原料在球磨机中湿法研磨3-5小时，研磨介质为水，原料：球：水＝0.8:1:1-1.2。
8.根据权利要求6所述的德化珍珠白瓷器的制备工艺，其特征在于：所述步骤4中的施釉方式包括多道的淋釉、浸釉、喷釉或者其组合。
9.根据权利要求6所述的德化珍珠白瓷器的制备工艺，其特征在于：所述步骤5中的陶瓷坯体入窑时坯体含水率为1-2％。
10.根据权利要求6所述的德化珍珠白瓷器的制备工艺，其特征在于：所述步骤5中烧成控制如下：
低温段：窑炉内在氧化气氛，经2-3小时由常温升至300℃；
升温段：窑炉继续升温，经过3-4小时升温至1000℃；
降温段，窑炉内经3-4小时降温至750℃，窑炉在750℃保温1-2小时；
还原段：窑炉内转还原气氛，经过3-4小时升温至烧成温度，并在烧成温度状态下保温30-40分钟；
冷却段：窑炉内冷却至60-30℃，冷却时间延长至12小时以上。
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